CN101558033A - 用于自发乳化的乳液浓缩物的非离子型乳化剂 - Google Patents
用于自发乳化的乳液浓缩物的非离子型乳化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101558033A CN101558033A CNA2007800459909A CN200780045990A CN101558033A CN 101558033 A CN101558033 A CN 101558033A CN A2007800459909 A CNA2007800459909 A CN A2007800459909A CN 200780045990 A CN200780045990 A CN 200780045990A CN 101558033 A CN101558033 A CN 101558033A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/39—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
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- C07C43/10—Saturated ethers of polyhydroxy compounds
- C07C43/11—Polyethers containing —O—(C—C—O—)n units with ≤ 2 n≤ 10
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
- C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
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- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于自发乳化的非离子型乳化剂,其含有一般结构为牛油醇-n PO-m EO的化合物,其中牛油醇的平均碳原子数为16-18,碘价小于或等于1g碘/100g化合物。平均丙氧基化程度为1-4且平均乙氧基化程度为2-6。
Description
乳液用于很多领域的技术中:
因此,例如缓蚀剂乳液用作钝化剂临时保护金属工件以防大气中引起腐蚀的影响。这里,现有体系基于油浓缩物,它们包含乳化剂和缓蚀剂,但是仅含少量水或者根本不含水。对于水包油乳液的生产,即对于以用水稀释的形式应用的体系,重要的是所述体系是自乳化的。
同样,例如冷却润滑乳液用于金属工件的非切削成型或切削成型。这些乳液与缓蚀剂乳液具有相似的组成,所以同样具有缓蚀效果。
所有这些乳液都存在如下问题,即,由于使用乳化剂,它们有形成泡沫的倾向。这样不利地影响它们在各应用领域内使用的性能。因此,本发明的一个目的是提供可用于/用作乳化剂、乳液浓缩物和/或乳液并且具有比已知化合物更好的发泡性质的化合物。此外,提供的化合物应高度适合作为矿物油的乳化剂,与油具有高混溶性,具有良好的生物降解性,具有低水生生物毒性,还具有高化学稳定性。
通过根据权利要求1-7的化合物、根据权利要求8的乳化剂、根据权利要求9-11的乳化剂浓缩物和根据权利要求12-14的乳液惊人地实现了所述目的。本发明进一步提供了根据权利要求15的应用。
一般结构的化合物:牛油醇-n PO-m EO实现了根据本发明提供低发泡化合物的目的,其中该牛油醇的平均碳原子数是16-18,碘价小于或等于1g碘/100g化合物,烯化氧单元具有基本嵌段的结构,平均丙氧基化程度是1-4并且平均乙氧基化程度是2-6。
当烯化氧单元的80%以上呈嵌段排列,平均丙氧基化程度是1-3且平均乙氧基化程度是3-5时,该化合物是优选的。特别优选烯化氧单元的80%以上呈嵌段排列,平均丙氧基化程度是1-2且平均乙氧基化程度是4。
至于烷氧基化单元的序列,原则上有如下几种可能性:由牛油醇开始可首先接着EO段,然后接着PO段;也可能在牛油醇后首先是PO段,然后是EO段。梯度分布或无规分布同样是可能的。其中PO段直接邻接牛油醇且EO段接在PO段之后的化合物符合本发明。在这方面,具有“基本嵌段结构”的化合物应理解为表示其中平均65%以上的烷氧基化单元呈嵌段排列的化合物。
此外,优选的是这样的上述化合物,其中EO的重量分数加PO的重量分数的一半是所述乳化剂总重量的35-50%,尤其优选的是40-49%,非常特别优选的是45-49%。
本发明进一步提供了含上述化合物的乳化剂。
本发明同样还提供了乳液浓缩物,它包含上述化合物和/或上述乳化剂和烃和/或酯。
本发明乳液浓缩物另外还可能包含一种或多种选自下组物质的添加剂:水、杀生物剂、缓蚀剂、香料、农药、药剂、缓冲剂、粘度调节剂、防冻剂、防沫剂、染料、配合剂、盐和辅助乳化剂。
杀生物剂是杀菌的化合物。杀生物剂的一个实例是戊二醛。应用杀生物剂的优点在于,它们抵抗病原体的传播且增加所述乳液的储存期限。
所述缓蚀剂例如是羧酸。这些可以是直链或支化的。不同羧酸的混合物可能是特别优选的。辛酸、乙基己酸、异壬酸和异癸酸是特别优选的羧酸。由于缓蚀剂乳液通常是中性至弱碱性的,可能有利的是应用至少部分地呈中和形式(即,作为盐)的羧酸。适合中和的物质具体是氢氧化钠和/或氢氧化钾溶液,还有链烷醇胺。这里特别优选的是应用单-和/或三链烷醇胺。二链烷醇胺的应用不太优选是由于存在形成亚硝胺的危险。尽管如此,二链烷醇胺也可独自或者与单-和/或三链烷醇胺一起用于所述中和。
香料可以是单独的化合物或者是醇、醛、萜烯和/或酯的混合物。香料的实例有:柠檬草油、精制椰子油、二氢月桂烯醇、铃兰醛、苯乙醇、四氢芳樟醇、顺式-3-己烯醇、杂薰衣草油(lavandin grosso)、柠檬醛、己酸烯丙酯、柠檬腈(citronitriles)、乙酸苄酯、己基肉桂醛、香茅醇、水杨酸异戊酯、乙酸异冰片酯、乙酸萜品酯、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸萜品酯、二氢月桂烯醇、香茅腈(agrunitrile)、桉树油、herbaflorat和橙油。应用香料的优点在于,它们可提供具有新鲜或警示气味的组合物并且掩饰异味。
在本案例中,农药应理解为表示所有的作物保护组合物,以及用于控制害虫的组合物。取决于它们的目标生物,所述农药可进一步细分为:杀螨剂、灭藻剂、杀细菌剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀虫剂、杀软体动物剂、杀线虫剂、灭鼠剂、杀鸟剂(avicide)和杀病毒剂。
缓冲剂是适合在少量酸或碱的添加期间基本保持组合物的pH恒定的所有化合物。
粘度调节剂起调节液体的流动性能的作用。
防冻剂起保护组合物以防在低温下凝固的作用。它们的应用能使所述组合物在较大温度范围内使用。防冻剂的实例有:甘油、二醇和乙醇。
防沫剂是具有特殊界面活性的配制剂,它们适合抑制不希望的泡沫形成(例如在废水纯化、造纸过程中,在洗涤机的洗涤循环中)或者用于消除已经形成的泡沫。为此,广为应用其中分散了二氧化硅颗粒的硅油-不过均匀防沫剂也包括于本案例中。
除其它以外,染料还可以是:酸性蓝9、酸性黄3、酸性黄23、酸性黄73、颜料黄101、酸性绿1、酸性绿25。应用染料的优点在于,它们赋予所述组合物某种明显的颜色并因而使它们容易辨别。
配合剂是能结合阳离子的化合物。这可用来降低水的硬度和沉淀出不良重金属离子。配合剂的实例有NTA、EDTA、MGDA和GLDA。应用这些化合物的优点在于,很多化合物在软水中达到更好的效果;此外,通过降低水的硬度,就可降低或避免所述组合物的应用过程中或应用之后出现碳酸钙沉积物(lime deposits)。
盐可达到不同的目的,所以可根据本发明应用的盐的种类范围很大。因此,仅仅举例来说,可以提到如前所述可用作缓蚀剂的羧酸的盐。
又一组分可以是辅助乳化剂。在这方面,优选的是其中辅助乳化剂选自离子型表面活性剂、醇和水溶助长剂的乳液浓缩物。
离子型表面活性剂可以是阴离子型或阳离子型表面活性剂。阴离子型表面活性剂的实例有:羧酸盐、磺酸盐、磺基脂肪酸甲酯、硫酸盐、磷酸盐。阳离子型表面活性剂的实例有季铵化合物。
醇是具有OH官能团的化合物。实例有:乙醇、二醇。
水溶助长剂例如是基于壬酸的盐。
本发明进一步提供了包含上述化合物和/或上述乳化剂和烃和/或酯与水的乳液。
这里优选另外还包含一种或多种选自下组物质的添加剂的乳液:杀生物剂、缓蚀剂、香料、农药、药剂、缓冲剂、粘度调节剂、防冻剂、防沫剂、染料、配合剂、盐和辅助乳化剂。特别优选的是其中所述辅助乳化剂选自离子型表面活性剂、醇和水溶助长剂的乳液。
本发明进一步提供了本发明乳液浓缩物或本发明乳液在下列领域中的应用:
-金属加工和/或
-农用化学品方面和/或
-纺织工业和/或
-皮革工业和/或
-涂料工业和/或
-建筑工业和/或
-塑料加工工业和/或
-轮胎工业和/或
-清洗工业和/或
-工业洗衣房和家庭洗衣房和/或
-化妆品和/或
-制药。
下文通过实施例阐述了本发明:
实施例1:
乳化剂1(对比):鲸蜡基油基醇×5EO
通过KOH催化,用5摩尔当量EO将鲸蜡基油基醇(碘价约为60g碘/100g)乙氧基化,制备鲸蜡基油基醇×5EO。这种乳化剂是制备乳液浓缩物的标准产品。
实施例2:
乳化剂2(本发明):牛油醇×2PO×4EO
将237g在各情况下含<5wt%的C14和C20、碘价<1g碘/100g的牛油醇C16C18与5.0g 50%KOH水溶液掺混,接着在120℃和<20毫巴下脱水30分钟。然后,在160℃下充入105g环氧丙烷,并在计量完毕后后反应30分钟。再充入160g环氧乙烷,再次后充气30分钟。最后将混合物冷却至60℃,再用5.0g 80%乳酸溶液中和。
实施例3:
乳化剂3(对比):牛油醇×2PO×7EO
与实施例2相似地将牛油醇C16C18先与2摩尔当量PO,然后与7摩尔当量EO反应。
实施例4:
按照EN 12728的发泡能力,2g/l表面活性剂,40℃:
乳化剂1 30ml
乳化剂2 20ml
乳化剂3 120ml
本发明乳化剂2与对照物相比显示更低的发泡能力。
实施例5:
与油的混溶性
储存2个月后的外观,20wt%乳化剂+80wt%油
油,温度 乳化剂1 乳化剂2 乳化剂3
SN 150,23℃ 混溶 混溶 两相
SN 150,50℃ 两相 混溶 混溶
SN 500,23℃ 混溶 混溶 两相
SN 500,50℃ 两相 混溶 混溶
聚α-烯烃,23℃ 混溶 混溶 两相
聚α-烯烃,50℃ 两相 混溶 混溶
与对比乳化剂相比,本发明乳化剂2显示与油更好的混溶性。
实施例6:
乳液稳定性
乳液稳定性由DE 10247086中所述的标记法确定:在两个600ml烧杯中每种情况下将1wt%表面活性剂与69wt%水混合,然后添加30wt%染成黄色或蓝色的油。随后用螺旋桨搅拌器以约10kW/m3的动力搅拌15分钟。
将形成的染成黄色或蓝色的油的乳液混合,然后在规定的温度下(见下表)储存。在定时的间隔中,用手摇动乳液,采样并用显微镜和电子图像分析确定聚结形成的绿色液滴的分数。然后用测得的绿色分数对储存时间作图并根据最小二乘法用下面的函数拟合:
所用拟合参数是聚结速率r。稳定常数S最终得自
S=-log(r·月)。
所用油是葵花油(在25℃下56mm2/s)和石蜡油(在25℃下30mm2/s)。
油,温度 乳化剂1 乳化剂2 乳化剂3
葵花油,23℃ -1.8 0.5 0.8
葵花油,70℃ <-3 <-3 -1.3
石蜡油,23℃ -0.1 0.9 0.7
石蜡油,70℃ <-3 -0.7 -0.7
对于石蜡油,本发明乳化剂2显示比乳化剂1或3更好的或与其相当的稳定性。在葵花油情况下,本发明乳化剂2大大好于乳化剂1。
实施例7:
生物降解力
根据OECD 301B,本发明乳化剂2的生物降解力>60%ThCO2。
实施例8:
根据OECD 202的水生生物毒性
EC50(水蚤属(Daphnia))=10-100mg/l
所述实施例表明本发明乳化剂在一些关键的应用性能上比对比的乳化剂优越。
Claims (15)
1.一般结构:牛油醇-n PO-m EO的化合物,其中牛油醇的平均碳原子数是16-18,碘价小于或等于1g碘/100g化合物,烯化氧单元具有基本嵌段的结构,平均丙氧基化程度是1-4并且平均乙氧基化程度是2-6。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中80%以上的烯化氧单元呈嵌段排列,平均丙氧基化程度为1-3和平均乙氧基化程度为3-5。
3.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中80%以上的烯化氧单元呈嵌段排列,平均丙氧基化程度为1或2和平均乙氧基化程度为4。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的化合物,其中PO段直接与牛油醇相邻,PO段之后是EO段。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的化合物,其中EO的重量分数加上PO重量分数的一半是所述乳化剂总重量的35-50%。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的化合物,其中EO的重量分数加上PO重量分数的一半是所述乳化剂总重量的40-49%。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的化合物,其中EO的重量分数加上PO重量分数的一半是所述乳化剂总重量的45-49%.
8.包含根据权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物的乳化剂。
9.包含下列组分的乳液浓缩物:
-根据权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物和/或根据权利要求8的乳化剂和
-烃和/或酯。
10.根据权利要求9的乳液浓缩液,它另外还包含一种或多种选自下组物质的添加剂:水、杀生物剂、缓蚀剂、香料、农药、药剂、缓冲剂、粘度调节剂、防冻剂、防沫剂、染料、配合剂、盐和辅助乳化剂。
11.根据权利要求10的乳液浓缩液,其中所述辅助乳化剂选自离子型表面活性剂、醇和水溶助长剂。
12.包含下列组分的乳液:
-根据权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物和/或根据权利要求8的乳化剂和
-烃和/或酯,和水。
13.根据权利要求12的乳液,它另外还包含一种或多种选自下组物质的添加剂:杀生物剂、缓蚀剂、香料、农药、药剂、缓冲剂、粘度调节剂、防冻剂、防沫剂、染料、配合剂、盐和辅助乳化剂。
14.根据权利要求13的乳液,其中所述辅助乳化剂选自离子型表面活性剂、醇和水溶助长剂。
15.根据权利要求9-11中任一项的乳液浓缩液或根据权利要求12-14中任一项的乳液在下列方面的应用:
-金属加工和/或
-农用化学品方面和/或
-纺织工业和/或
-皮革工业和/或
-涂料工业和/或
-建筑工业和/或
-塑料加工工业和/或
-轮胎工业和/或
-清洗工业和/或
-工业洗衣房和家庭洗衣房和/或
-化妆品和/或
-制药。
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EP0616026A1 (en) * | 1993-03-19 | 1994-09-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Concentrated cleaning compositions |
NZ260144A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-10-26 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Cleaning composition; contains three liquid phases which merge at a tricritical point; use for removing tar or grease from articles |
US5340495A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-08-23 | Siebert, Inc. | Compositions for cleaning ink from a printing press and methods thereof |
ES2119405T3 (es) * | 1994-03-31 | 1998-10-01 | Unilever Nv | Composiciones de detergentes. |
DE4416303A1 (de) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-11-16 | Bayer Ag | Schaumarmes Netzmittel und seine Verwendung |
DE19952383A1 (de) * | 1999-10-30 | 2001-05-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
DE19956237A1 (de) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-05-31 | Henkel Kgaa | Emulgatorsystem und dieses enthaltende Metallbearbeitungsemulsion |
CA2483472C (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2010-09-21 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | C10-alkanol alkoxylate mixtures and their use |
DE10243363A1 (de) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-01 | Basf Ag | C10-Alkanolalkoxylat-Gemische und ihre Verwendung |
DE10243365A1 (de) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-01 | Basf Ag | Alkoxylate mit niedrigem Restalkohol-Gehalt |
-
2007
- 2007-12-03 JP JP2009540710A patent/JP5366821B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-03 BR BRPI0720231-8A2A patent/BRPI0720231A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-03 US US12/517,637 patent/US20100069509A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-03 WO PCT/EP2007/063189 patent/WO2008071582A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-12-03 KR KR1020097013896A patent/KR20090087493A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-03 MX MX2009005830A patent/MX292365B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-12-03 CN CN2007800459909A patent/CN101558033B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-03 EP EP07847700A patent/EP2125682A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-03 CA CA002671752A patent/CA2671752A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110072389A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-07-30 | 先正达参股股份有限公司 | 佐剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5366821B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
JP2010513239A (ja) | 2010-04-30 |
MX2009005830A (es) | 2009-06-16 |
MX292365B (es) | 2011-11-18 |
CN101558033B (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
KR20090087493A (ko) | 2009-08-17 |
BRPI0720231A2 (pt) | 2013-12-24 |
US20100069509A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
EP2125682A1 (de) | 2009-12-02 |
CA2671752A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
WO2008071582A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
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