CN101557527A - 活动图像的编码方法 - Google Patents

活动图像的编码方法 Download PDF

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CN101557527A
CN101557527A CNA2009101379160A CN200910137916A CN101557527A CN 101557527 A CN101557527 A CN 101557527A CN A2009101379160 A CNA2009101379160 A CN A2009101379160A CN 200910137916 A CN200910137916 A CN 200910137916A CN 101557527 A CN101557527 A CN 101557527A
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苏允成
全柄文
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Abstract

本发明涉及活动图像的编码方法,本发明涉及在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中编码活动图像的方法。根据用于将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法,通过在图像(或片段)级确定参考图像索引,且分别分配较低索引和较高索引到上参考场和下参考场,来在宏模块级确定帧宏模块的参考图像索引,同时根据帧单元的参考图像索引的顺序循序地访问参考帧,上和下场索引由下面等式给出:上参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引;以及下参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1。

Description

活动图像的编码方法
本申请是于2004年3月3日提交的、于2005年7月26日进入中国国家阶段的、PCT申请号为PCT/KR2004/000445、发明名称为“活动图像的编码方法”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于编码活动图像的方法,并且更为具体的说,涉及用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法。
背景技术
活动图像编码系统使用运动向量信息补偿运动。在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统的情况下,需要参考图像索引信息和运动向量信息用于运动补偿。参考图像索引是用于彼此区分多个参考图像的值。编码器将参考图像索引传送到解码器,而解码器从由参考图像索引指示的参考图像执行运动补偿。
总的来说,将扫描方法分类为渐进扫描和交织扫描。在渐进扫描的情况中,一帧的影像由同时采样的数据组成。在交织扫描的情况中,一帧的影像由在不同时间采样的数据组成,并且该采样一行一行地交替。
帧的交织的影像被划分为上场(top field)和下场(bottom field)。在交织扫描中,将一帧划分为两个场影像(image)。在这个规范中,基于图像单元来处理影像。将帧或场分配给图像。
提出了用于交织活动图像的三种编码方法。第一编码方法是场图像编码方法,其在画面或片段级(slice level)将每个场考虑为独立的图像来执行编码过程。第二编码方法是帧图像编码方法,其在画面或片段级将两个场组合为一个帧之后执行编码过程。第三编码方法是具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像编码方法,其通过在宏模块级将两个场组合为一个帧并选择帧模式或场模式来执行编码过程。
在第三编码方法中,将两个垂直相邻的宏模块结合为一对,并且以宏模块对为单位执行编码。在图1中,在宏模块对中分配的数字指示用于彼此区分宏模块的宏模块地址。
这里,帧宏模块是以帧为单位在宏模块对的上和下宏模块编码的宏模块。换句话说,在将两个场(field)组合为一个帧之后以帧为单位编码每个宏模块。
同时,场宏模块是以场为单位在宏模块对的上和下宏模块编码的宏模块。将宏模块对划分为上和下场分量,并且对每个场独立编码。在此时,重新排列宏模块对使得上和下宏模块分别仅包括上场分量和下场分量。上宏模块被称为上场宏模块并且下宏模块被称为下场宏模块。
在帧单元中配置用于存储多个参考图像的参考缓存器。在帧图像编码中,将所有参考图像考虑为其中将两个场组合为一个帧的帧的单元,并且参考帧图像中的一个图像用于运动补偿。因此,将值分配给帧单元中的参考图像索引。
通过以和编码顺序相反的顺序分类所有参考图像,且之后顺序分配增加一的索引到分类的参考图像来获得P帧的参考图像索引。将B帧的参考图像索引被分类为列0和列1,并且被基于参考图像的显示顺序来确定。
首先,在参考帧列0的情况中,将索引以相反顺序分配到其显示顺序在B帧之后的参考帧,并且之后,以显示顺序将剩余索引分配到其显示顺序在B帧之前的参考帧。在参考帧列1的情况中,与参考帧列0相反,以显示顺序将索引分配到其显示顺序在B帧之前的参考帧,并且之后,以相反顺序将剩余索引分配到其显示顺序在B帧之后的参考帧。图2示出了当参考缓存器的大小是5时的P帧的参考图像索引,而图3示出了B帧的参考图像索引列0和1。
在场图像编码中,将所有参考图像的场考虑为独立图像,且参考场图像中的一个被用于运动补偿。因此,以场为单位将值分配给参考图像索引。在这时,以帧为单位组合参考场,并且之后,将在P帧的每个场中的参考图像索引以和帧的编码顺序相反的顺序分类。然后,以从具有等于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场到具有不同于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场的顺序交替分配增加了一的索引值,同时循序访问分类的参考图像。
另外,在B帧的每个场的参考图像索引列0和1的情况下,以帧为单位组合所有参考场,并且之后以与确定B帧的参考帧索引的方法相同的方式分类参考帧。然后,以从具有等于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场到具有不同于当前图像的奇偶性的参考场的顺序交替分配增加了一的索引值,同时循序访问分类的参考图像。
图4示出了当参考缓存器的大小是5时的P帧的上和下场的参考图像索引,且图5示出了能够用作参考的B帧的上和下场的参考图像索引列0和1。
为了改进编码效率,使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统提供在解码图像或片段之前重新排序参考图像索引的功能。在确定用于帧和场图像的初始参考图像索引之后,任意重新排序参考图像索引从而增强编码效率。图6示出了确定P帧的初始参考图像索引和根据上述方法任意重新排序索引的结果。
当使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统将交织活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像时,将帧宏模块的所有参考图像考虑为帧单元,并且参考帧图像之一必须用于运动补偿。另外,所有场宏模块的参考图像的场被考虑为独立图像,且参考场图像之一必须用于运动补偿。
因此,在以宏模块级选择帧/场编码模式的帧图像编码中,需要根据每个宏模块的编码模式,在帧单元或场单元中将值分配给参考图像索引。
发明内容
因此,本发明提出一种用于编码活动图像的方法,其基本上避免了因为现有技术的限制和缺点引起的一个或多个问题。
本发明的目的是提供用于编码活动图像的方法,其通过当在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,以具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像编码交织的活动图像时,根据宏模块的编码方法不同地确定参考图像索引,有效地提供了用于运动补偿的参考图像信息。
本发明的其它优点、目的和特征将在随后的说明中部分地描述,经过以下检验或从本发明的实践中学习,上述优点、目的和特征对于本领域的普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。本发明的目的和优点可以如所附说明书及其权利要求书和附图中所特别指出的来实现和获得。
为实现本发明的这些和其它的优点,以及根据本发明的目的,如这里具体地和广泛地描述的,提供了一种用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中编码活动图像的方法,用于当将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像时设置参考索引的方法。该方法包括:(a)以图像(或片段)级确定帧单元的参考图像索引;和(b)基于帧单元的参考图像索引,根据宏模块的编码方法以宏模块级确定参考图像索引。
根据本发明的另一实施例,提供了用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法,其中通过以图像(或片段)级确定帧单元的参考图像索引,以宏模块级确定帧宏模块的参考图像索引,并且使用帧单元的参考图像索引。
根据本发明的再一实施例,提供了用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法,其中通过以图像(或片段)级确定帧单元的参考图像索引,和分别分配较低索引和较高索引到上参考场和下参考场,来以宏模块级确定帧宏模块的参考图像索引,同时根据帧单元的参考图像索引的顺序循序访问参考帧,上和下场索引由下面等式给出:
上参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引;且
下参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1。
根据本发明的又一实施例,提供了用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法,其中通过以图像(或片段)级确定帧单元的参考图像索引,和分别分配较低索引和较高索引到下参考场和上参考场,来以宏模块级确定帧宏模块的参考图像索引,同时根据帧单元的参考图像索引的顺序顺序访问参考帧,上和下场索引由下面等式给出:
上参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1;且
下参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引。
根据本发明的又一实施例,提供了用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法,其中通过以图像(或片段)级确定帧单元的参考图像索引,并从具有与当前场相同的奇偶性的参考场开始到具有与当前场不同的奇偶性的参考场,交替分配增加了一的索引到参考场,来以宏模块级确定帧宏模块的参考图像索引,同时根据在场宏模块中帧单元的参考图像索引的顺序循序访问参考帧。
根据本发明的再一实施例,提供了用于在使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统中,将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像的方法,其中通过以图像(或片段)级确定帧单元的参考图像索引,且分配较低索引到考虑时间靠近当前场的参考场和分配较高索引到考虑时间远离当前场的参考场来以宏模块级确定帧宏模块的参考图像索引,同时根据帧单元的参考图像索引的顺序循序访问参考帧,参考场的索引由下面等式给出:
靠近当前场的参考场的索引=2×参考帧的图像索引;且
远离当前场的参考场的索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1。
附图说明
附图是为了能进一步了解本发明而包含的,并且被纳入本说明书中构成本说明书的一部分,这些附图示出了本发明的一个或多个实施例,并用于与本说明书一起对本发明的原理进行说明。
在附图中:
图1示出了在具有一般帧/场宏模块的帧图像中的宏模块对;
图2示出了根据现有技术的在活动图像编码系统中P帧编码的参考图像索引;
图3示出了根据现有技术的在活动图像编码系统中B帧编码的参考图像索引列0和1;
图4示出了根据现有技术的在活动图像编码系统中P帧的上和下场编码中的参考图像索引;
图5示出了根据现有技术的在活动图像编码系统中B帧的上和下场编码中的参考图像索引列0和1;
图6示出了根据现有技术的在活动图像编码系统中P帧编码中重新排序的参考图像索引;
图7示出了根据本发明的在活动图像编码系统中具有帧宏模块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引;
图8示出了根据本发明的在活动图像编码系统中具有场宏模块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况1);
图9示出了根据本发明的在活动图像编码系统中具有场宏模块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况2);
图10示出了根据本发明的在活动图像编码系统中具有场宏模块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况3);
图11示出了根据本发明的在活动图像编码系统中具有场宏模块的B帧的参考图像索引(情况3);
图12示出了根据本发明的在活动图像编码系统中具有场宏模块的P帧和B帧的参考图像索引(情况4);
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参考附图详细描述本发明的优选实施例。
当将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像时,使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统必须以用于在帧宏模块中的帧编码的顺序从参考帧执行运动补偿。换句话说,所有参考图像必须被考虑为帧单元。但是,活动图像编码系统必须以在场模块中的场编码的顺序从参考图像执行运动补偿。换句话说,所有参考图像必须被考虑为场单元。
因此,具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像必须使用在宏模块级具有不同结构的索引。例如,帧宏模块使用帧单元的参考图像索引,而场宏模块使用场单元的参考图像索引。应该考虑到可以以图像或片段级重新排序参考图像索引。
因此,具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像应该考虑在图像或片段级在帧单元中的参考图像,且具有帧单元的重新排序的参考图像索引。需要基于宏模块级的帧单元的参考图像索引,根据宏模块的编码模式来确定参考图像索引。
本发明提供了用于确定在具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像中的参考图像索引的方法。该方法包括在图像(或片段)级确定参考图像索引的处理和在宏模块级确定参考图像索引的处理。
[1]在图像(或片段)级确定参考图像索引
在图像或片段级在帧单元中考虑所有参考图像,并且计算帧单元的参考图像索引。
在该方法或确定P帧的参考图像索引中,以与编码顺序相反的顺序分类参考帧,且分配索引,同时顺序访问分类的参考帧。
基于参考值的显示顺序确定B帧的参考图像索引。首先,在参考帧列0的情况中,将索引以相反顺序分配给其显示顺序在B帧之后的参考帧,并且将剩余索引以显示顺序分配到其显示顺序在B帧之前的参考帧。
在参考帧列1的情况中,以与参考帧列0相反,以显示顺序将索引分配给其显示顺序高于B帧的参考帧,并且将剩余索引以相反顺序分配给其显示顺序低于B帧的参考帧。当重新排序参考图像索引从而增强编码效率时,重新排序帧单元的参考图像索引。
[2]确定宏模块级的参考图像索引
根据宏模块的编码模式修改参考图像索引,同时相对于在图像(或片段)级获得的帧单元的参考图像索引以宏模块对为单位执行编码。将在下面描述这个处理。
[2.1]帧宏模块的情况
因为必须从参考帧到帧宏模块执行运动补偿,参考图像索引应该是帧单元。因此,使用在图像(或片段)级获得的帧单元的参考图像索引。
应该以具有彼此相反的奇偶性的场对配置在参考缓存器中存储的参考帧。图7示出了当参考缓存器的大小是5时P帧和B帧中的帧宏模块的参考图像索引。
[2.2]场宏模块的情况
因为必须从参考场到场宏模块执行运动补偿,参考图像索引应该是场单元。在这个情况中,具有彼此相反的奇偶性的场对也在参考缓存器中存在。因此,将每个参考帧划分为两个场,同时根据在图像(或片段)级获得的帧单元的参考图像索引顺序地访问参考帧。然后,将参考图像索引新分配给每个场。以多种模式分配每个参考帧的两个场的参考图像索引(情况1到4)。
(情况1)
不考虑当前场宏模块的上和下场宏模块,将较低索引分配给上参考场,并且将较高索引分配给下参考场,同时以在图像(或片段)级获得的参考图像索引的顺序循序地访问参考帧。
换句话说,上和下参考场索引可以由下面等式给出:
上参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引
下参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1。
图8示出了P帧和B帧的场宏模块的参考图像索引。
(情况2)
不考虑当前场宏模块的上和下场宏模块,将较低索引分配给下参考场,并且将较高索引分配给上参考场,同时以在图像(或片段)级获得的参考图像索引的顺序循序地访问参考帧。
换句话说,上和下参考场索引可以由下面等式给出:
上参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1
下参考场索引=2×参考帧的图像索引。
图9示出了P帧和B帧的场宏模块的参考图像索引。
(情况3)
从具有与当前场相等的奇偶性的参考场开始到具有与当前场不同的奇偶性的参考场,将增加了一的索引交替分配给参考场,同时根据图像(或片段)级的参考图像索引顺序循序地访问参考帧。图10和11示出了用于P帧和B帧的场宏模块的参考图像索引。
(情况4)
不考虑当前场宏模块的上和下场宏模块,将较低索引分配给在时间上靠近当前场的参考场,且将较高索引分配给在时间上远离当前场的参考场,同时以图像(或片段)级的参考图像索引顺序循序访问参考帧。
换句话说,参考图像索引可以由下面等式表示:
靠近当前场的参考图像索引=2×参考帧的图像索引
远离当前场的参考图像索引=2×参考帧的图像索引+1。
在图12中,示出了P帧和B帧的场宏模块的参考图像索引。
虽然在这里参考优选实施例描述和图示了本发明,本领域普通技术人员应该清楚在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可做出多种修改和变更。因此,本发明意在覆盖在所附权利要求及其等效物范围之内的,本发明的修改和变更。
工业应用性
根据本发明的编码活动图像的方法,当使用多个参考图像的活动图像编码系统将交织的活动图像编码为具有帧/场宏模块的帧图像时,通过根据宏模块的编码模式不同地确定参考图像索引,移动图像编码系统有效地提供用于运动补偿的参考图像信息。

Claims (1)

1.一种解码当前场宏块的方法,包括:
获取包括多个参考帧图像的参考帧图像列表;
基于所述多个参考帧图像的显示顺序信息来确定在所述参考帧图像列表中所述多个参考帧图像的参考帧图像索引,并且将参考帧图像索引号以所述显示顺序分配到其显示顺序在包括所述当前场宏块的图像之前的参考帧图像,并且将剩余索引号以与所述显示顺序相反的顺序分配到其显示顺序在包括所述当前场宏块的图像之后的参考帧图像;
获取所述当前场宏块的运动向量信息;
获取与所述当前场宏块的相关联的参考场图像索引;
基于所述参考场图像索引除以2以及所述参考帧图像索引,从所述参考帧图像列表确定参考帧图像;
基于所述参考场图像索引和确定的参考帧图像,选择所述当前场宏块的参考场图像;以及
基于所述运动向量信息和所选的参考场图像,解码所述当前场宏块。
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