CN1015551B - 熔炼废铁、海绵状铁和/或固态生铁或类似的铁的方法 - Google Patents
熔炼废铁、海绵状铁和/或固态生铁或类似的铁的方法Info
- Publication number
- CN1015551B CN1015551B CN88106201A CN88106201A CN1015551B CN 1015551 B CN1015551 B CN 1015551B CN 88106201 A CN88106201 A CN 88106201A CN 88106201 A CN88106201 A CN 88106201A CN 1015551 B CN1015551 B CN 1015551B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- melting
- slag
- combustion
- coal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
为了熔炼废铁还原粒状海绵状铁,固态生铁或类似物的,提出可通过燃烧器从下面提供熔化热,并且通过烃的低于化学计量燃烧来调节熔池内相应的碳含量而完全不向炉料加进煤。通过减小氧的流量,特别是用0.9倍化学计量的氧进行燃烧,并任选加进成渣剂,同时减低了炉渣的侵蚀性。
Description
本发明涉及一种以生产钢为目的的熔炼废铁、预还原粒状的海绵铁和/或固态生铁的方法,在此方法中,熔化热是通过燃烧器从下面提供,并且从熔化容器排出的铁水被收集在一个铁水包中,并可根据需要在其中进一步加入合金元素。西德展出说明书(DE-AS2504889)早已公开一种连续熔炼废铁,海绵铁或类似的铁的方法,在该方法中,应通过在氧化熔化区下面向炉料加进低反应性的大煤块而对熔池增化。由于普通燃料一氧燃烧器的氧化焰的作用,使炉料以不希望的方式被氧化,曾经提出多种方案以防止这种氧化或至少减低氧化的程度。在这方面,例如奥地利专利说明书(AT-PS 363 503)建议将煤粉和燃烧废气吹向熔浴上面。向炉料加煤的结果,特别在高式结构的竖式炉中最常见的缺点是所加进的煤很大一部分在炉身中由火焰气所燃烧,因此在熔化区内的效果降低。通过鼓风机从熔炼容器底部吹进碳以达到使熔池熔碳的目的,一般在底部区域需要有附加的加热装置,吹进熔池中的碳结果进一步使熔体起还原作用,这种还原作用会产生不希望有的过渡沸腾反应。同样,当输进相对大块的煤而这些煤块接着通过熔炼区并在熔池中起作用时,当熔池中可以观察到在过渡的局部沸腾反应中可能会产生较高程度的不均匀性。
这对于体积小的熔炉,而炉料只需较短的时间内通过炉子的情况下尤其如此。在如此短的时间内上能期望煤块完全反应,这与例如在高炉内存在的情况是截然不同的。若输送同量的碳,例如以焦炭的形式输进,则在向下通过炉简直至火焰区之前,一部分几乎完全未转变,并且将在供氧的火焰中大量燃烧。
当使用燃料一氧燃烧器时,对于过分氧化的考虑,就目前所知的方法是在熔化过程都存在输进的煤,其目的就是要防止因铁氧化物含量高的炉渣而引起的铁损耗率。铁氧化物含量高的炉渣的另外缺点,就是这种较有侵蚀性的炉渣会使炉子衬受到过渡侵蚀,结果会缩短耐火衬层的使用寿命。
本发明的目的是提供一种前述类型的方法,该方法可以在均匀熔融的熔池中调节适当的碳含量而不至于生成含过多氧化铁的炉渣。为解决此任务,本发明基本包括输进的炉料不加煤而由烃的低于化学计量方式的燃烧来提供熔化热,特别在使用天然气为燃料时,并且熔池中所需的碳含量可以通过在燃烧时减少氧的流入量来调节。由于输进的炉料没有加进煤,在燃烧区的燃烧和由此熔化区的温度都能够更准确地控制,并且可能由煤块引起的,熔池中的局部过渡沸腾反应,就可以妥当地加以避免。由于通过调节减小氧流量进行低于化学计量方式的燃烧,可在燃烧器平面内可靠地积聚起极微细分形式的炭黑,而这种炭黑可以适当地变成能很快并均匀地溶解于熔池中。在此情况下,对氧流量的控制可以直接用来调节在熔池中所需的碳量。碳在熔池中均匀一致的分布同时得到更高纯度的熔体,并且由于不用加碳,其它需要的冶金工艺步骤就能够更准确地控制。根据本发明的方法,通过加进适当的成渣剂,有可能同时进行脱硫步骤或脱磷步骤。
根据本发明的方法,用0.9倍化学计量的氧进行燃烧是有利的。
为了进行金属冶炼操作的目的,如脱硫或脱磷,加进成渣剂,如CaO或MgO是有利的。根据本发明,即将渣成剂,如CaO,MgO和Al2O3和准备熔化的炉料一
同进料的方法是有利的。这些渣成剂同时提供所需的金属冶炼反应,其优点是炉渣的侵蚀性可减小到合要求的程度。为了减低炉渣的侵蚀性,将其中铁氧化物含量减低到40至60%即已足够,可通过相应地加进CaO,MgO和Al2O3来达到此目的。加进CaO和MgO的结果是由于这些加进物质的强碱性除具有脱硫和脱磷作用外,还使炉渣基本上被中和。而加进的Al2O3在炉渣中基本上是中性的,因此可以起到稀释剂的作用。总的来说,加进这些物料起到大大减少炉渣中FeO-含量的作用,并因此而实质上减低了炉渣的侵蚀性。
在一特别优选的方案中,该方法是将炉渣调节到含10-30%的SiO2,3至3.5%的MnO,7至8%的Al2O3,5至6%的CaO,7至8%的MgO,3至4%的Cr2O3和不多于5%的一般杂质,其余为FeO。通过对炉渣进行这样的控制,炉渣的侵蚀性就明显地减低。
为了改进能源利用的目的,在根据本发明方法的范围内,为了达到废气完全燃烧的目的,在燃烧器平面的上面,特别是在熔化容器的一半高度部位输进空气是有利的。由于废气能这样完全燃烧,就有可能将所产生的附加能量传送废铁上,要注意的是,所需的燃烧空气量或相应量氧气,可以通过一排位于燃烧器上面的喷嘴来吹进。
下面进一步用实例来说明本发明。
实例1
为了熔化废铁,将燃烧器调节到化学计量因数λ=1,并且将炉渣调节到含SiO210%,MnO3%,Al2O37%,CaO5%,MgO7%,Cr2O33%和不超过5%的一般杂质。测量炉渣的FeO含量为60至65%。
实例2
保持低化学计量因数λ=0.8至0.9,加进成渣剂炉渣的组成为SiO13%,MnO3.5%,Al2O38%,CaO6%,MgO8%和Cr2O34%。测得FeO-含量为40至50%。这表示Fe的产率有明显提高,并且炉渣的侵蚀性明显地降低。
Claims (5)
1、一种以生产钢为目的的熔炼废铁,预还原粒状海绵铁和/或固态生铁的方法,在此方法中,熔化热是通过燃烧器从下面提供,并且从熔化容器排出的铁水收集在一个铁水包中,并可根据需要在其中进一步加入合金元素,其特征在于输进的炉料中并不加煤,还在于熔化热是由烃,特别是天然气的低于化学计量燃烧来提供,还在于熔化池中所需的碳量是通过在燃烧时减少氧的流入量来调节。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于燃烧是在以所需化学计量氧量的约0.9倍量来进行。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于将渣成剂,如CaO,MgO和Al2O3和准备熔化的炉料一同进料。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其特征在于炉渣调节到含SiO210至13%,MnO3至3.5%,Al2O37至8%,CaO5至6%,MgO7至8%,Cr2O33至4%和不多于5%的一般杂质,其余的为FeO。
5、根据权利要求1至4任何一项的方法,其特征在于用于使废气完全燃烧的空气是从燃烧器上面,特别是在熔化容器约一半高的部位输进。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT210187 | 1987-08-21 | ||
ATA2101/87 | 1987-08-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1032193A CN1032193A (zh) | 1989-04-05 |
CN1015551B true CN1015551B (zh) | 1992-02-19 |
Family
ID=3527774
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88106201A Expired CN1015551B (zh) | 1987-08-21 | 1988-08-19 | 熔炼废铁、海绵状铁和/或固态生铁或类似的铁的方法 |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4925489A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0304413B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01132713A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR920004673B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1015551B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE86674T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8804238A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1311618C (zh) |
DD (1) | DD282243A5 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3879039D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2038790T3 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN170018B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX168393B (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1819290C (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA885829B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1011981B (zh) * | 1987-10-13 | 1991-03-13 | 沃斯特-阿尔派因钢铁多纳维茨有限公司 | 连续炼钢过程中的中间处理方法 |
GB9019894D0 (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1990-10-24 | Cokeless Cupolas Ltd | Metal-melting furnaces |
AT404842B (de) * | 1992-10-19 | 1999-03-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen einschmelzen von schrott |
US20050151307A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-07-14 | Ricardo Viramontes-Brown | Method and apparatus for producing molten iron |
DE102015212828A1 (de) | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Sms Group Gmbh | Schmelzmetallurgischer Ofen und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2546936A (en) * | 1949-06-02 | 1951-03-27 | Ohio Ferro Alloys Corporated | Treatment of slags |
DE971242C (de) * | 1953-03-01 | 1958-12-31 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Schmelzfeuerung mit Gewinnung von fluessigem Eisen aus der Brennstoffschlacke |
DE1800610C2 (de) * | 1968-10-02 | 1971-07-08 | Kloeckner Werke Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von Schrott |
US3772000A (en) * | 1971-11-23 | 1973-11-13 | Columbia Gas Syst | Method for converting solid ferrous metal to steel |
US4203761A (en) * | 1973-02-21 | 1980-05-20 | Robert C. LeMay | Process of smelting with submerged burner |
DE2327072C2 (de) * | 1973-05-26 | 1975-04-24 | Kloeckner-Werke, Ag, 4100 Duisburg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen von Schrott |
US4001008A (en) * | 1974-08-06 | 1977-01-04 | Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for the reduction of ores, especially iron ores |
DE2504945C3 (de) * | 1975-02-06 | 1983-03-24 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Einschmelzen von Schrott, Eisenschwamm o.dgl. |
EP0034379A1 (fr) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-08-26 | CENTRE DE RECHERCHES METALLURGIQUES CENTRUM VOOR RESEARCH IN DE METALLURGIE Association sans but lucratif | Procédé perfectionné de protection du métal dans des récipients métallurgiques, et matériau pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
US4417924A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1983-11-29 | Schwer John W | Steelmaking additive composition |
US4556418A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1985-12-03 | Thermal Systems Engineering, Inc. | Process for melting a ferrous burden |
-
1988
- 1988-08-03 ES ES88890203T patent/ES2038790T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-03 DE DE8888890203T patent/DE3879039D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-03 AT AT88890203T patent/ATE86674T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-03 EP EP19880890203 patent/EP0304413B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-05 IN IN665/CAL/88A patent/IN170018B/en unknown
- 1988-08-08 ZA ZA885829A patent/ZA885829B/xx unknown
- 1988-08-19 CN CN88106201A patent/CN1015551B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-08-19 JP JP63204921A patent/JPH01132713A/ja active Granted
- 1988-08-19 CA CA 575217 patent/CA1311618C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-19 RU SU884356299A patent/RU1819290C/ru active
- 1988-08-19 DD DD88319082A patent/DD282243A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-19 MX MX1274088A patent/MX168393B/es unknown
- 1988-08-19 BR BR8804238A patent/BR8804238A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1988-08-22 US US07/234,550 patent/US4925489A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-22 KR KR1019880010638A patent/KR920004673B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2038790T3 (es) | 1993-08-01 |
EP0304413A1 (de) | 1989-02-22 |
BR8804238A (pt) | 1989-03-14 |
JPH0244887B2 (zh) | 1990-10-05 |
RU1819290C (ru) | 1993-05-30 |
DE3879039D1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
IN170018B (zh) | 1992-01-25 |
MX168393B (es) | 1993-05-21 |
KR890003966A (ko) | 1989-04-19 |
US4925489A (en) | 1990-05-15 |
CN1032193A (zh) | 1989-04-05 |
EP0304413B1 (de) | 1993-03-10 |
CA1311618C (en) | 1992-12-22 |
ATE86674T1 (de) | 1993-03-15 |
ZA885829B (en) | 1989-04-26 |
DD282243A5 (de) | 1990-09-05 |
JPH01132713A (ja) | 1989-05-25 |
KR920004673B1 (ko) | 1992-06-13 |
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