CN101539115B - 兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱 - Google Patents

兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱 Download PDF

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CN101539115B
CN101539115B CN2008101349989A CN200810134998A CN101539115B CN 101539115 B CN101539115 B CN 101539115B CN 2008101349989 A CN2008101349989 A CN 2008101349989A CN 200810134998 A CN200810134998 A CN 200810134998A CN 101539115 B CN101539115 B CN 101539115B
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gear
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CN101539115A (zh
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吴小杰
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/22—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H1/227—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts comprising two or more gearwheels in mesh with the same internally toothed wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/041—Combinations of toothed gearings only for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power

Abstract

本发明兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，涉及风力发电增速技术领域，以定轴传动理论为基础、动轴行星结构为框架的定轴式多分流增速箱，包括机座、输入轴、内齿圈、双联齿轮、中心轮或第三级增速齿轮副，其特征在于：固定机架上均布3-6只双联齿轮，每只双联齿轮中的轴齿轮与内齿圈间有二只介轮，而传动齿轮与中心轮啮合，于是分别形成6-12支分流与3-6分流。其有益效果：(1)重量比现有国内外产品轻35～45％，外形缩小40～50％；(2)单件轻，装、拆维修方便；(3)国产插齿机、磨齿机等设备可以加工3--5MW特大机型，从而大大降低制造成本。

Description

兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱 
[技术领域]
本发明涉及风电增速技术领域，一种兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱。 
[背景技术]
风能是一种取之不尽、用之不竭、无污染的可再生能源。预测至2020年，风电将成为我国第三大能源，因此风电增速箱蕴藏着几百亿大市场。增速箱是风力发电机组三大核心技术之一，目前世界主流机型为1.5～2MW。由于风电增速箱是在环境恶劣、偏远地区六七十米高空，因此对增速箱提出苛刻要求：使用寿命20年，轴承寿命130000小时，尽可能小尽可能轻、装拆维修方便。我国几家大型企业拥有下述专利：(一)南高齿“风力发电机增速齿轮箱(0620068477)；(二)重齿“行星平行轴传动风力发电齿轮箱”(02222633)；“行星传动风力发电增速箱”(03237681)；(三)东方汽轮机厂“风力发电装置的齿轮箱”(200610021443)。“行星传动风力发电增速箱”是三级定轴增速传动，其余均为行星加两级平行轴结构。显然，上述发明的承载能力主要取决于输入级行星传动。行星传动之所以承载能力高于硬齿面的关键在于三分流(因为只有三个行星轮)。上述发明均将内齿圈作为联接件之一，目的是减轻单件重量。联接件的最大缺点是机械强度差，增加了加工和安装误差，此外联接件之间温度差异，受力不同所产生的变形亦不尽相同。由于无法如国外大公司采用斜内齿+渗碳体火+磨齿工艺，使我们的产品与之有较大差距。创造最先进增速箱的重要价值在于：打碎阻碍我国风电事业发展的瓶颈，我国有能力自行制造3000-5000kw特大机型。 
[发明内容]
本发明目的在于提供一种体积、重量均小于国外产品、毋须采用斜内齿磨齿工艺、拆装方便的兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱。为实现上述目的必须解决的技术问题是如何使功率获得多分流，因为分流越多承载力越大，体积越小、重量越轻。 
技术方案：本发明提出了一种以定轴传动理论为基础、动轴行星结构为框架的定轴式多分流增速箱，包括机座、输入轴、内齿圈、机架、双联齿轮及中心轮及输出轴，其特征在于：(1)与机座联结的机架上均布3-6只双联齿轮；(2)双联齿轮由轴齿轮联接传动齿轮而成，内齿圈与每只轴齿轮之间有二只相同的介轮，形成二分流，而传动齿轮与中心轮啮合，于是构成内齿圈至介轮为6-12分流，传动齿轮到中心轮为3-6分流，最后由中心轮或者第三级输出齿轮轴增速输出。进一步技术方案还在于； 
(A)内齿圈轴向剖面两侧对称，因而可正、反向与输入轴圆盘联结，因而内齿圈使用寿命提高近一倍。联结方式有两种：(1)内齿圈外圆中段渐开线外花键与圆盘内花键联结；(2)内齿圈端面与圆盘用螺栓联结； 
(B)油面以上所有轴承均有集油装置，用以积聚飞溅散落油滴保证轴承润滑； 
(C)采用组装式传动齿轮以消除齿轮轴键槽加工误差引起的各传动齿轮相位角偏差，保证3-6只传动齿轮与中心轮啮合时处于均载状态。 
本发明有益效果：(1)内齿圈使用寿命可提高近一倍；(2)轴承润滑可靠；(3)维修方便；(4)国产设备可制造3-5MW特大机型；(5)与国内外先进机型重量比较如下表： 
[附图说明]
图1：本发明同轴式实施例一的结构原理图 
图2：本发明平行轴式实施例二的结构原理图 
图3：3a、3b分别为内齿圈(6)两种结构示意图 
图4：拆卸机架(5)前，机座三螺杆(17)支承输出轴圆盘原理图 
图5：轴齿轮(8)轴承飞溅集油装置及组装传动齿轮结构原理图 
图6：介轮(12)支承轴承飞溅集油装置结构原理图 
图7：内齿圈至介轮(12)十分流传动原理图 
[具体实施方式]
[具体实施方式]下面结合附图对本发明详加描述： 
参照图1与7实施例一、一种同轴式兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，包括机座(1)、输入轴(2)、轴承(3、4)、机架(5)、内齿圈(6)、双联齿轮、端盖(13)、中心轮(10)及与中心轮(10)联接的输出轴(9)，其中：机架固定在机座上，双联齿轮由轴齿轮(8)及联结在轴伸的传动齿轮(7)组成，其特征在于：机架上均布3-6只双联齿轮，其中：每只轴齿轮(8)与内齿圈之间有两只相同的介轮(12)，介轮由轴承支承在介轮心轴(11)上，心轴固定在机架相应孔中；传动齿轮(7)与中心轮(1)啮合，如此构成内齿圈至介轮6-12分 流，传动齿轮至中心轮为3-6分流。本实施例增速比i＝5-11，主要应用于低速永磁发电机。这是因为直驱式永磁发电机所需功率大，规模生产实施有难度，尤其对于大容量发电机更加难于实现。直驱式永磁发电机整机制造成本高、体大、笨重，约为普通风力发电机的6倍：1.5MW永磁发电机直径3.4米，重43t；2MW，φ3.9×2米，49t。因此，国内外研究者将一级增速配合低速永磁同步发电机作为未来的发展方向。 
参照图2，实施例二，一种平行轴式兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，是由实施例一的输出轴(9)上联结大齿轮(14)，大齿轮与输出齿轮轴(15)啮合得到的，此时增速比扩大为50-100，输出齿轮轴与输入轴相平行。输出齿轮轴由轴承分别支承在端盖(13)及与端盖联结的盖板(16)上。实施例一与二的进一步特征在于： 
参照图3a、3b，内齿圈(6)的特征在于：轴向剖面两侧对称，因而可以正、反向联结在输出轴(2)圆盘上，使内齿圈使用寿命提高近一倍。其联结方式有两种：(A)内齿圈外圆中段渐开线外花键与输入轴圆盘内花键联结，优点是：自动定心，对中性好，装、拆方便及花键侧隙有利于分流均载；(B)内齿圈端面用螺栓与圆盘联结。 
参照图4，机座(1)的顶部及底部两侧有螺杆(17)，形成三点支承结构。当维修必须拆下机架时，由于输入轴仅有轴承(3)一个支点，使输入轴圆盘因自重产生向下倾斜，增加了轴承(3)静压，及机架回装困难。因而检修时装上三螺杆支承输入轴圆盘，检修后再拿掉。 
参照图5，润滑油面以上轴齿轮(8)支承轴承的两端面装有半圆环状集油壳(18)，集油壳开口朝上，用以积聚飞溅散落的油滴，充分保证轴承润滑。 
参照图6，润滑油面以上介轮(12)的两端面装有圆环盖(19)，介轮心轴(11)两端面联结圆盖板(20)，盖板内侧铣一缺口，缺口朝上，缺口与心轴内孔相通，所述心轴内孔与心轴径向孔相通，飞溅散落油滴经圆盖板缺口流入内孔，由径向孔流出润滑轴承。 
参照图7，传动齿轮(7)为钢齿圈与铸铁盘的组装件。装配时，钢齿圈相对于铸铁盘微微转动，使3-6只传动齿轮相位角调整一致后再将组装件装实，于是便消除了齿轮轴加工键槽时所产生的误差，实现3-6只传动齿轮分流均载。 
工作原理：当风叶通过胀套联轴器驱动输入轴后，与之联结的内齿圈(6)经6-12只介轮(12)同向转动轴齿轮(8)及与之联结传动齿轮(7)，36只均布的传动齿轮带动中心轮(10)由输出轴(9)同轴输出。或者经大齿轮(14)由输出齿轮轴(15)平行轴输出。 
本发明当输入、输出方向互换时，便由增速机变成为减速机，因而可以取代各种大、中型硬齿面及NGW行星减速机等等。 

Claims (7)

1.一种兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，包括机座(1)、输入轴(2)、轴承(3)(4)、机架(5)、内齿圈(6)、双联齿轮、端盖(13)、中心轮(10)及与中心轮(10)联接的输出轴(9)，其中：机架固定在机座上，双联齿轮由轴齿轮(8)及联结在轴伸上的传动齿轮(7)组成，其特征在于：机架上均布3-6只双联齿轮：每一只轴齿轮(8)与内齿圈之间有两只相同的介轮(12)，介轮由轴承支承在介轮心轴(11)上，心轴固定在机架相应孔中；传动齿轮(7)与中心轮(10)啮合，如此构成内齿圈至介轮为6-12分流，传动齿轮至中心轮为3-6分流。
2.根据权利要求1所述兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，其特征在于：输出轴(9)上联接大齿轮(14)，大齿轮与输出齿轮轴(15)啮合，输入轴线与输出轴线相平行。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，其特征在于：内齿圈(6)轴向剖面两侧对称，可以正、反向联结在输入轴(2)圆盘上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，其特征在于：内齿圈(6)外圆中段渐开线外花键与输入轴圆盘内花键联结。
5.根据权利要求4所述的兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，其特征在于：机座(1)的顶部及底部两侧有螺杆(17)，构成三点支承。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，其特征在于：
(a)润滑油面以上的轴齿轮(8)支承轴承两端面装有半圆环状集油壳(18)，集油壳开口朝上；
(b)润滑油面以上的介轮(12)两端面装有圆环盖(19)，介轮心轴(11)两端面上联结圆盖板(20)，盖板内侧铣一缺口，缺口朝上，缺口与心轴内孔相通，所述心轴内孔与心轴径向孔相通。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱，其特征在于：传动齿轮(7)为钢齿圈与铸铁盘的组装件。
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CN105370863A (zh) * 2015-10-21 2016-03-02 陈伟 油温报警差动行星内啮合四分流桩机减速机
CN105240508A (zh) * 2015-10-21 2016-01-13 陈伟 油温报警nbd行星内啮合四分流桩机减速机
CN106894939B (zh) * 2017-03-31 2019-07-05 浙江大学 水平轴海流能发电机组及其增速箱

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