CN101581284B - 兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱 - Google Patents

兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱 Download PDF

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CN101581284B
CN101581284B CN2009101523570A CN200910152357A CN101581284B CN 101581284 B CN101581284 B CN 101581284B CN 2009101523570 A CN2009101523570 A CN 2009101523570A CN 200910152357 A CN200910152357 A CN 200910152357A CN 101581284 B CN101581284 B CN 101581284B
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吴小杰
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Yancheng billion Connaught Machinery Co., Ltd.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/22—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H1/227—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts comprising two or more gearwheels in mesh with the same internally toothed wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/041—Combinations of toothed gearings only for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

本发明兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱，分别是“兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱”(200810134998)中准行星输入级和NGW+定轴中行星输入级的改进，其特征在于：(a)(准)行星轮内为滑动轴承；(b)(准)行星轮轴为外大里小的空心轴，轴上有5-10个小油孔，孔内装有过滤材料；(c)面对行星轮轴开口处有一集油壳；(d)机架输出端端面上有与轴齿轮、准行星轮相应的连环孔K，其中间小孔与两侧对称孔孔径分别比轴齿轮、准行星轮外径大0.03-0.10；本发明有益效果：(1)轴承润滑可靠、使用寿命长、价格低；(2)拆、装方便、因而可在高空中进行大修；(3)重量轻40-55％。

Description

兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱
技术领域 本发明涉及齿轮箱技术领域，一种兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱。
背景技术 预计2010年，风力发电量为1000万kW，需1.5MW齿轮箱6600台，2020年发电量预计达3000万kW，需1.5MW齿轮箱近20000台，产值约200个亿，在需求量如此庞大面前，齿轮箱必需是最先进的：尽可能小、尽可能轻、能在六、七十米高空完成大、小修。通过检索，背景技术分为三种类型：(a)输入级NGW行星+定轴的发明专利1项、实用新型12项；(b)输入级NGW准行星+定轴的实用新型2项，如重齿公司“行星传动风力发电齿轮箱”(03237681)；背景技术主要存在问题：(1)行星轮内满滚子轴承必需进口，价高、交货期长；(2)大修时拆、装困难、因而必需吊至地面。(c)准行星改进型：系发明人提出的“兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱”(200810134998)，比上述(a)、(b)重量可减轻40-55％，缺点在于：行星轮内滚子轴承寿命短。
发明内容 本发明目的：将背景技术输入级NGW行星或准行星传动的滚动轴承代之以滑动轴承，因而使用可靠、成本低、重量轻、拆装方便能在高空进行大修的兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱。技术方案是建立在下述理论基础上：
(一)王文斌《机械设计手册》卷3.21-4：普通滑动轴承结构简单、制造方便、承载能力大，但高速稳定性差，易差生油膜振荡；
(二)卜炎《实用轴承技术手册》492页：在正常状态下，滑动轴承磨损率是很低的，形成的磨屑颗粒尺寸很小，数量也少；
(三)徐灏《机械设计手册》卷4.27-227：不干净、有外耒颗粒是滑动轴承失效的重要原因
(四)卜炎《实用轴承技术手册》349：航空发动机主轴承采用一般滑动轴承，其参数：[p]＝12-22MPa，[v]＝8-10m/s，[pv]≤80
(五)成大先《机械设计手册》轴承6页：铸造锌合金适用于中、低速(≤7-10m/s)、重载(25-30MPa)、(许用接触应力σ＝550MPa)条件下工作的轴承。
技术方案：(1)行星或准行星轮轴承改为滑动轴承，因而：(a)拆、装方便；(b)重量轻、径向尺寸小；(c)制造工艺简单、成本低；(2)行星轮轴为内大外小空心轴，空腔内储油经小油孔充分润滑摩擦面，从而保证了使用寿命；(3)拆、装方便的另一措施：机架输出端端面上有与轴齿轮、准行星轮相应的连环孔K，其中：小孔b的孔径比轴齿轮外径大0.03-0.10；两侧对称孔a比准行星轮外径大0.03-0.10；连环孔盖板依靠两侧止口盘定位在机架连环孔K上，盖板上有一孔径与孔b相同的孔，孔中装一轴承座，轴承座中轴承支承轴齿轮。拆下轴承座的同时也拉出轴齿轮，接着用起顶螺钉拉出盖板，同时也拉出与盖板联在一起的星行轮，孔a与b与相应齿轮外径滑动配合，是装配或拆卸齿轮时的定位孔。“兆瓦级多分流……”行星轮滑动轴承的计算结果：
Figure GSB00000553676900021
本发明有益效果：(1)轴承润滑可靠、使用寿命长、价格低；(2)拆、装方便、因而可在高空中进行大修；(3)重量轻40-55％。
附图说明
图1，“兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱”(0810134998)准行星级改进结构图
图2，固定机架(5)输出端端面上对称连环孔K的示意图
图3，连环孔盖板(11)装上止口盘、轴承座(12)后的结构示意图
图4，NGW行星+定轴齿轮箱中输入级行星轮组件改进结构图
具体实施方式：下面结合附图对本发明详加描述：
参照图1、2与3，一种兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱，是“兆瓦级多分流风电增速箱”(200810134998)中准行星输入级的改进，包括机座(1)、输入轴(2)、轴承(3)(4)、固定机架(5)、内齿圈(6)、准行星轮(8)、轴齿轮(13)及由传动齿轮(14)通过一级或二级增速后输至发电机，其中：机架固定在机座上，双联齿轮由轴齿轮(13)及联结在轴伸上的传动齿轮(14)组成，其特征在于：(a)准行星轮(8)内为滑动轴承(9)；(b)行星轮轴(7)为外大里小的盲孔轴，轴上有5-10个小油孔，孔内装有过滤材料；(c)面对行星轮轴开口处有一集油壳(10)，集油壳开口向上。集油壳用耒集聚飞溅散落油滴，流入轴内孔经小油孔使滑动面得以充分润滑，大大提高了轴承的使用寿命。滑动轴承重量轻、拆、装方便、成本低。另外，根据力学计算空心轴具有大的空腔，使之可储存充分润滑油。
机架(5)输出端端面上有与轴齿轮、准行星轮相应的连环孔K，其中：(a)小孔b的孔径比轴齿轮外径大0.03-0.10；两侧对称孔a比准行星轮外径大0.03-0.10；(b)连环孔盖板(11)依靠两侧止口盘定位在机架连环孔K上，盖板上有一孔径与孔b相同的孔，孔中装一轴承座(12)，轴承座中轴承支承轴齿轮(13)。拆下轴承座的同时也拉出轴齿轮，接着用起顶螺钉拉出盖板，同时也拉出与盖板联在一起的星行轮，孔a与b与相应齿轮外径滑动配合，是装配或拆卸齿轮时的定位孔。
参照图4，一种兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱，是NGW行星+定轴的改进，其特征在于：(a)行星轮(15)内为滑动轴承(9)；(b)支承在行星架(16)上的行星轮轴(7)为两头小、中间大的空心轴，内孔有滤油材料，以提高轴承使用寿命。
“NGW行星+定轴”中行星轮滑动轴承的计算结果：
Figure GSB00000553676900031

Claims (1)

1.一种兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱，包括机座(1)、输入轴(2)及两支承轴承(3、4)、固定机架(5)、内齿圈(6)、行星轮轴(7)、准行星轮(8)、轴齿轮(13)及联结在轴齿轮(13)轴伸端的传动齿轮(14)，所述的轴齿轮(13)用轴承支承在固定机架(5)上，所述的固定机架(5)固定在机座(1)上，所述的轴齿轮(13)与内齿圈(6)之间有两只相同的准行星轮(8)，所述的传动齿轮(14)通过一级或二级增速输至发电机，双联齿轮由轴齿轮(13)及传动齿轮(14)组成，其特征在于：准行星轮(8)用滑动轴承(9)支承在行星轮轴(7)上，所述的行星轮轴(7)为外大里小的盲孔轴，轴上有5-10个小油孔，孔内装有过滤材料，所述的行星轮轴(7)开口处有一集油壳(10)，集油壳开口向上。
CN2009101523570A 2009-06-23 2009-06-23 兆瓦级滑动轴承风电增速箱 Expired - Fee Related CN101581284B (zh)

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CN101846155B (zh) * 2010-03-01 2012-05-23 吴声震 兆瓦级准行星半直驱风电增速箱
AT509624B1 (de) 2010-04-14 2012-04-15 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Windkraftanlage
DK2383480T3 (da) 2010-04-30 2013-01-21 Winergy Ag Planetgear til et vindkraftanlæg
WO2012029121A1 (ja) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-08 三菱重工業株式会社 遊星歯車機構、軸受構造、風力発電装置、及び遊星歯車の製造方法
EP2805047B1 (de) * 2012-01-16 2019-02-27 Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH Windkraftanlage
CN106481739A (zh) * 2015-08-26 2017-03-08 青岛天兴风能有限公司 一种行星齿轮加速器
DE102016219002A1 (de) 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Flender Gmbh Planetengetriebe mit Anlaufscheiben
DE102016219008A1 (de) 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Flender Gmbh Planetengetriebe mit Anlaufscheiben
AT15975U1 (de) * 2017-05-23 2018-10-15 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Windkraftanlagengetriebe
CN110375058B (zh) * 2019-01-09 2020-12-18 合肥晞隆光电有限公司 减速器装配方法、及中心调整装置
CN113864404A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2021-12-31 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 行星齿轮传动箱和星型齿轮传动箱

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Granted publication date: 20120215

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