CN101523975A - 加热元件 - Google Patents
加热元件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101523975A CN101523975A CNA2007800384067A CN200780038406A CN101523975A CN 101523975 A CN101523975 A CN 101523975A CN A2007800384067 A CNA2007800384067 A CN A2007800384067A CN 200780038406 A CN200780038406 A CN 200780038406A CN 101523975 A CN101523975 A CN 101523975A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- complex
- ptc
- zpz
- layered devices
- multilayer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 22
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
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- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 vinyl methoxyl group siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
- H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
- H01C17/06506—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
- H01C17/06513—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component
- H01C17/0652—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component containing carbon or carbides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
- H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
- H01C17/06506—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
- H01C17/06573—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the permanent binder
- H01C17/06586—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the permanent binder composed of organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/06—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49085—Thermally variable
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (39)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US82968006P | 2006-10-17 | 2006-10-17 | |
US60/829,680 | 2006-10-17 | ||
SE06021729 | 2006-10-17 | ||
SE0602172-9 | 2006-10-17 | ||
SE0602172A SE530660C2 (sv) | 2006-10-17 | 2006-10-17 | Värmeelement |
PCT/SE2007/050714 WO2008048176A1 (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2007-10-05 | Heating element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101523975A true CN101523975A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
CN101523975B CN101523975B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
Family
ID=39385814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2007800384067A Expired - Fee Related CN101523975B (zh) | 2006-10-17 | 2007-10-05 | 加热元件 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8367986B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2080414B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5657889B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101414200B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101523975B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2665391C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2080414T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2622067T3 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE530660C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008048176A1 (zh) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102511066A (zh) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 整合公司 | 正温度系数加热元件以及其制造 |
CN105794312A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-07-20 | 整合公司 | 具有指数温度依赖电阻率的复合物、这样的复合物在自调节加热元件中的使用、包括这样的复合物的自调节加热元件、以及形成这样的复合物的方法 |
CN106213586A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | 气溶胶生成装置及气溶胶生成方法 |
CN108349454A (zh) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-07-31 | 捷温有限责任公司 | 用于对确定区域进行温度调节并且用于识别其人员相关的和/或物体相关的占用的装置以及具有这种装置的座椅和/或躺卧件设备 |
CN109561526A (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-02 | E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 | 加热元件和加热装置 |
CN112312597A (zh) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏烯泰石墨烯应用技术研究院有限公司 | 高均匀性电加热膜及其制备方法 |
CN113080519A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 深圳市合元科技有限公司 | 加热器以及包含该加热器的烟具 |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2456003A1 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-23 | Saab Automobile Ab | Battery Pack |
CN102957360A (zh) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 热敏电阻装置 |
FR2984418B1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2014-01-24 | Valeol | Procede de degivrage de structures en materiaux composites, notamment de pales d'une eolienne, composition adaptee et dispositif adapte |
DE102013215781A1 (de) | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Ers Electronic Gmbh | Thermische Abschirmvorrichtung für eine Probecard und entsprechende Probecardanordnung |
WO2015084240A1 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-11 | Conflux Ab | Heating arrangement, method for heating, and arrangement and method for controlling an electric current |
DE112015000608T5 (de) | 2014-04-10 | 2016-12-01 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Heizung für Elektrofahrzeugbatterien |
US10350478B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2019-07-16 | Serneke Hybrid Ski Ab | Snow gliding device |
US10368394B2 (en) | 2016-09-01 | 2019-07-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | PTC heater with autonomous control |
US10775050B2 (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2020-09-15 | United States Gypsum Company | Sectionable floor heating system |
US11054149B2 (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2021-07-06 | United States Gypsum Company | Sectionable floor heating system |
SE1751188A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-12 | Serneke Hybrid Ski Ab | Motor vehicle with snowgliding device |
US20190143858A1 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-16 | The Endeavour Group, Inc. | Seat Heater |
SG11202010819QA (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-11-27 | Pelen Pte Ltd | Heating device and heating foil |
US11084593B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2021-08-10 | Goodrich Corporation | Additive manufactured heater elements for propeller ice protection |
US11044789B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2021-06-22 | Goodrich Corporation | Three dimensionally printed heated positive temperature coefficient tubes |
CN112672449B (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2024-06-14 | 阿尔特逆向工程民事合伙公司 | 用于机动车辆的表面部件的加热元件 |
US11425797B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2022-08-23 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Air data probe including self-regulating thin film heater |
IT201900022785A1 (it) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-03 | Irca Spa | Riscaldatore elettrico per riscaldare una sostanza in un autoveicolo |
US11745879B2 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2023-09-05 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Thin film heater configuration for air data probe |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4654511A (en) | 1974-09-27 | 1987-03-31 | Raychem Corporation | Layered self-regulating heating article |
US4330703A (en) | 1975-08-04 | 1982-05-18 | Raychem Corporation | Layered self-regulating heating article |
US4177376A (en) | 1974-09-27 | 1979-12-04 | Raychem Corporation | Layered self-regulating heating article |
US4543474A (en) | 1979-09-24 | 1985-09-24 | Raychem Corporation | Layered self-regulating heating article |
JPS63170902A (ja) | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-14 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 感温抵抗体 |
KR890702405A (ko) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-12-23 | 허버트 지. 버카드 | 도전성 폴리머로 구성되는 전기장치 |
NO880529L (no) | 1988-02-08 | 1989-08-09 | Ramu Int | Selvbegrensede elektrisk varmeelement. |
JP2810740B2 (ja) | 1989-12-27 | 1998-10-15 | 大東通信機株式会社 | グラフト化法によるptc組成物 |
EP0536165B1 (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1995-07-12 | Raychem Corporation | Elongated electrical resistance heater |
JPH0439814A (ja) | 1990-06-05 | 1992-02-10 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | 導電性シートの製造方法 |
US5250228A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-10-05 | Raychem Corporation | Conductive polymer composition |
JPH08102216A (ja) | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-16 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 導電性プラスチツクシート |
CN1049995C (zh) | 1994-12-15 | 2000-03-01 | 殷芳卿 | 高分子聚合物正温度系数热敏电阻 |
US5841111A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-11-24 | Eaton Corporation | Low resistance electrical interface for current limiting polymers by plasma processing |
US6104587A (en) | 1997-07-25 | 2000-08-15 | Banich; Ann | Electrical device comprising a conductive polymer |
CN1137185C (zh) | 2000-06-23 | 2004-02-04 | 吉林大学 | 橡胶类聚合物导电复合材料的制备 |
US6607679B2 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2003-08-19 | Tdk Corporation | Organic PTC thermistor |
JP2002241554A (ja) | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-28 | Fujikura Ltd | 半導電性混和物 |
TW543041B (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-21 | Polytronics Technology Corp | Manufacturing method of over current protection device |
JP3882622B2 (ja) | 2002-01-25 | 2007-02-21 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Ptc抵抗体 |
JP2005064090A (ja) | 2003-08-08 | 2005-03-10 | Nec Tokin Corp | 高分子ptc素子及びその製造方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-10-17 SE SE0602172A patent/SE530660C2/sv unknown
-
2007
- 2007-10-05 DK DK07835299.4T patent/DK2080414T3/en active
- 2007-10-05 CN CN2007800384067A patent/CN101523975B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-05 JP JP2009533279A patent/JP5657889B2/ja active Active
- 2007-10-05 KR KR1020097007706A patent/KR101414200B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-10-05 ES ES07835299.4T patent/ES2622067T3/es active Active
- 2007-10-05 CA CA2665391A patent/CA2665391C/en active Active
- 2007-10-05 WO PCT/SE2007/050714 patent/WO2008048176A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-05 EP EP07835299.4A patent/EP2080414B1/en active Active
- 2007-10-05 US US12/446,187 patent/US8367986B2/en active Active
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102511066A (zh) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 整合公司 | 正温度系数加热元件以及其制造 |
US9392645B2 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2016-07-12 | Conflux Ab | Positive temperature coefficient heating elements and their manufacturing |
CN105794312A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-07-20 | 整合公司 | 具有指数温度依赖电阻率的复合物、这样的复合物在自调节加热元件中的使用、包括这样的复合物的自调节加热元件、以及形成这样的复合物的方法 |
CN105794312B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2019-11-08 | 整合公司 | 复合物、自调节加热元件、以及形成这样的复合物的方法 |
CN108349454A (zh) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-07-31 | 捷温有限责任公司 | 用于对确定区域进行温度调节并且用于识别其人员相关的和/或物体相关的占用的装置以及具有这种装置的座椅和/或躺卧件设备 |
CN106213586A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | 气溶胶生成装置及气溶胶生成方法 |
CN109561526A (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-04-02 | E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 | 加热元件和加热装置 |
CN112312597A (zh) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏烯泰石墨烯应用技术研究院有限公司 | 高均匀性电加热膜及其制备方法 |
CN113080519A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 深圳市合元科技有限公司 | 加热器以及包含该加热器的烟具 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2665391A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EP2080414A1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
JP5657889B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
US8367986B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
SE530660C2 (sv) | 2008-08-05 |
ES2622067T3 (es) | 2017-07-05 |
WO2008048176A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
JP2010507247A (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
EP2080414A4 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
CN101523975B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
CA2665391C (en) | 2016-08-02 |
SE0602172L (sv) | 2008-04-18 |
EP2080414B1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
KR101414200B1 (ko) | 2014-07-18 |
US20100320191A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
DK2080414T3 (en) | 2017-05-01 |
KR20090080040A (ko) | 2009-07-23 |
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