CN101522178B - 含有离子对-微贮库的透皮治疗系统 - Google Patents
含有离子对-微贮库的透皮治疗系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及透皮治疗系统,其包含活性物质不能渗透的背衬层,和可剥离的、活性物质不能渗透的保护层和至少一个由聚硅氧烷和/或者聚硅氧烷衍生物构成的、含有微贮库的基质层,所述微贮库含有至少一种分别由药理学活性的活性物质和添加剂构成的电子对,并且活性物质为亲核性和添加剂为亲电性,或者活性物质为亲电性和添加剂为亲核性。
Description
透皮治疗系统(TTS)是多年来已知的。这种系统例如用于活性物质如雌二醇、醋炔诺酮、尼古丁、芬太尼、Tolubuterol、乙酰水杨酸、丁丙诺啡和一系列其它活性物质而被引入治疗。对此人们可将适宜制药的活性物质分组为中性物质(醋炔诺酮、雌二醇、硝酸甘油等),酸性物质(乙酰水杨酸、酮洛芬、布洛芬等),和特别是碱性活性物质(尼古丁、芬太尼、Tolubuterol、丁丙诺啡、莫索尼定、司来吉兰、沙丁胺醇和很多其它物质)。
作为“酸性”活性物质或化合物应该在此这样地理解,其为亲电性的并由此可以作为电子对受体(阴离子形成剂)反应,作为“碱性”活性物质或化合物这样理解,其为亲核性的并由此可以作为电子对供体(阳离子形成剂)反应。前者的实例是中性酸(例如HCL),阳离子酸(例如NH4 +),或者阴离子酸(如HCO3 -)。碱性物质的实例是中性碱(例如NH3和有机胺),阳离子碱(例如NH2-NH3 +)和阴离子碱(例如CLO4 -)。
透皮治疗系统的构造通常是薄且分层的,以便其借助于直接面向皮肤的那侧(粘附层)对皮肤产生至少暂时的粘附结合,经此释放活性物质。为改善透过皮肤的活性物质渗透,除了使用聚合物、树脂和其它药用助剂以外,还使用液体的系统组分,更狭义地已知为渗透促进剂。该组分的目的是促进活性物质透过皮肤的递送。在此渗透促进剂可以纯物理地经如下产生作用,即改善活性物质在药物系统内的扩散或同时为增溶剂,并在扩散入皮肤之后,引发热力学活化(EP1191927B)或者(更狭义地为增强剂)通过直接影响在皮肤内的扩散性,使得能够提高对躯体的物质供给。在这些增强剂中,以化学方面划分为被描述为“离子对形成剂”的亚组。这在前文提及的酸性活性物质情况下,为生理上无问题的亲核性碱性添加剂,例如氨、丙胺、氨丁三醇(Tromethamol)、三乙醇胺,以及文献中已知的很多其它物质。在通常使用的碱性活性物质的情况下,使用酸性的即亲电性添加剂例如油酸、月桂酸、乙酰丙酸和其它脂肪酸,或者芳族酸如苯甲酸或者磺酸例如己烷磺酸来形成离子对。离子对是物理化学分子缔合物,其由两个带电分子构成,通过离子比例的有效中和,形成了一个外在显示近乎中性并由此亲脂性的缔合物。由此,始终作为该缔合物一部份的活性物质,向亲脂性、可扩散的并因此更适宜皮肤渗透的形态转变。出于该原因这种缔合物可以为两种活性物质的组合物,例如吗啡与双氯芬酸。大量专利文献以及一些市场产品都使用此种原理。示例性地提及:EP305726B和EP792145B。
在透皮系统内使用这种离子对的问题特别是在于,药物活性物质和用作离子对形成剂的添加剂都降低了基体聚合物的内聚性,并由此会降低粘附力。虽然可如下实现补救,即降低离子形成剂(添加剂)的浓度并降低药物活性物质的浓度。但是这样降低了决定活性物质通量的热力学活性,其未完全起作用,且活性物质通量保持低水平。
从现有技术出发的本发明的任务设定也在于提供透皮系统的基质,其含有由具有能带电的活性物质与生理上可接受的抗衡意义上的离子对形成添加剂构成的离子对,其中该基质不具有活性物质未充分饱和或聚合物不利的软化的缺点。
与该任务设定无关,一段时间以来有机硅和有机硅粘合材料已知为透皮基质的基础成分,并且特别是因其良好的相容性而被使用。然而它们在高扩散性的情况下,通常对活性物质具有较低的溶解度。因为其不利的溶解行为,将它们用作所谓的微贮库的分散介质,其中含有对于活性物质“双亲性(ambiphile)”的溶剂(EP1191927B)。根据该公开,在储存期间所述双亲性溶剂这样地溶解活性物质,使得其不结晶,在透皮治疗系统贴附后,所述溶剂通过迁移至皮肤中而离开基质并随即留下伴随随后提高热力学活性的过饱和的活性物质。离子对和离子对形成剂不是该公开的主题。
可比较的公开(DE10141651A1)涉及用于芬太尼和芬太尼衍生物的透皮给药系统,包括其中具有微贮库的有机硅基质,其中含有作为易于扩散的中性物质的溶剂,例如二丙二醇或1,3-丁二醇。在用这种基质制备的透皮治疗系统的一般描述中,表明可使用渗透促进剂作为其它内含物质。在该列举中除了甘油酯、脂肪醇和脂肪酸酯之外还有脂肪酸,没有表明该脂肪酸在透皮治疗系统内应该位于何处,以何种形态。
在DE3908047C2中描述了阳离子活性的离子对形成剂和阴离子活性的离子对形成剂的使用,其中所提及的物质之一是药物活性成分,另外一种是添加剂,以含水微乳液用于鼻腔、直肠和/或透皮用药。
但是上述现有技术并没有解决本发明的任务,即提供由活性物质和互补的带电的添加剂组成的具有高热力学活性并对在透皮系统中的聚合结构尽可能低的影响的离子对,所述透皮系统含有至少一种聚合物基质。
本发明的任务的解决方法在于提供透皮治疗系统,其包含作为至少一种系统组分的含有微贮库由聚硅氧烷聚合物-基础材料构成的基质,其特征在于,在所述微贮库中,以由能带电的活性物质和能带相反电子的生理上无问题的添加剂构成的离子对而无溶剂存在的形式包含活性物质,其中该能够形成离子对的添加剂以至少等摩尔量存在。
以下将进一步描述本发明。适宜的活性物质离子对原则上在配对中由首先以碱性存在的,即亲核反应性的活性物质部分与至少等摩尔添加的酸性的,即亲电反应性的添加剂部分构成。
为此适宜的活性物质是例如尼古丁、莫索尼定、可乐定、东莨菪碱、阿托品、丁丙诺啡、芬太尼、沙丁胺醇、美金刚以及其它高效的,特别是胺类活性物质。尤其优选日剂量不超过30mg的活性物质,因为由于有限的皮肤渗透性,在此显示特别的优点。用于形成离子对的适宜的亲电性添加剂是饱和和不饱和脂肪酸,其经支化或未经支化、未经修饰或经羟基化(蓖麻油酸、乙酰丙酸)或者以其它方式衍生化。然而完全适宜的添加剂还有芳族化合物,只要它们具有能够与活性物质构造阳离子离子对复合物的能力。在此示例性提及苯甲酸,庚烷磺酸,以及柠檬酸,酒石酸甚至还有无机酸,如磷酸或盐酸。由于离子对形成效率对于透皮吸收的促进以特别的方式通过亲液酸实现,优选具有辛醇/缓冲液(pH 5.5分配系数大于1)的酸添加剂。
以类似的方式,本发明的主题是透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,在微贮库中存在离子对,其由酸性的,即亲电性的具有用于阴离子负荷能力的活性物质和碱性的,即亲核反应性的具有用于阳离子负荷能力的添加剂构成,所述添加剂至少以等摩尔量添加。所述酸性的,即亲电反应性的活性物质的实例是双氯芬酸、酮洛芬、布洛芬、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸和很多其它活性物质,其中优选具有少于30mg的系统日剂量的那些。对于这样的离子对适宜的添加剂是所有的胺类,优选二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲氨基乙醇、氨丁三醇和任何其它生理相容的物质,其能够作为碱与阴离子性活性物质形成离子对。
本发明的离子对,在离散的物理相内作为半固体/固体或液体内相包埋在主要由聚硅氧烷构成的基质中。所述基质以及具有所述离子对的内相还可以含有其它物质,例如增强剂,软化剂,亲水或亲脂性聚合物等。但是特别优选本发明的基质,其内相完全由离子对(活性物质与至少一种等摩尔量添加的离子对形成剂的“物理/化学混合物”)构成。
以此方式,本发明的效果,即降低周围的有机硅基质间的内聚力和另一方面活性物质(活性物质-离子对)的饱和度(热力学活性)最大程度提高的效果,是可以达到的。
在最简单的情况下,本发明的基质设置通常活性物质不能渗透的,避免与织物粘结的背衬层,对此特别适宜的是聚酯材料。当使用的有机硅聚合物是有机硅粘合材料时,所述基质可以作为直接在皮肤上的粘贴形式设置。其它解决方法在于与控制性膜、其它粘附层或者贮库层结合,如本领域技术人员已知的。
本发明的系统的制备可以根据多种方法进行,也可以基于大量的、本领域技术人员已知的在基质系统中产生内相的方法。对于前述本发明的配方示例性并优选采用以下的方法。
为了实现流动性,将设置用于基质外相的聚硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷衍生物与在室温下挥发性的、通常不能与水混溶的溶剂混合,从而获得可涂展的物质。加入“阴离子形成剂”和“阳离子形成剂”,并在剧烈剪切和搅拌下,使越来越细分散的单个颗粒达到结合形成单个液滴,其归因于这两种添加物的反应。随即将该物质以对于透皮治疗系统适度的层厚涂覆到适宜的去粘性()处理的膜上,并且在加热的应用下这样地干燥,使得大部分亲脂性挑选的溶剂完全除去直至痕量。
该技术的一种变体基于,将已处于溶液中的聚硅氧烷或者聚硅氧烷衍生物与由其它溶剂、活性物质和至少等摩尔添加量的抗衡离子形成剂在事先完全溶解后构成的前溶液混合。随即剧烈搅拌,使得后来添加的内相均匀分布。
通过以下的实施例进一步解释本发明的透皮治疗系统的制备:
实施例1:
将2g莫索尼定和10g月桂酸于50g无水乙醇中在轻微加热下完全溶解。将该溶液添加至之前准备好的、200g固体聚硅氧烷于200g正庚烷中的溶液,并用搅拌桨搅拌器剧烈搅拌10分钟。将所得的二相溶液在搅拌下,以约50μm的层厚涂覆在经氟聚合物表面处理的PET-膜上,在室温下干燥3分钟。所得产品即为本发明的基质,其适合于进一步加工为透皮治疗系统。
实施例2:
将根据实施例1制成的物质与50g微粒化和交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮混合,并再搅拌约5分钟。在这种情况下,构造了在粒度方面通过添加的可膨胀的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-颗粒决定的内相-微贮库-大小,该大小在类似实施例1地进行涂层和干燥后,还继续保持。
Claims (9)
1.透皮治疗系统,其包含活性物质不能渗透的背衬层,至少一个由聚硅氧烷和/或聚硅氧烷衍生物构成的、含有微贮库的基质层,和可剥离的活性物质不能渗透的保护层,其特征在于,基质内的微贮库形成固体、半固体或液体内相,该内相由至少一种分别来自在药理学上有活性的活性物质和添加剂的离子对组成,其中所述添加剂以等摩尔的量存在,并且所述活性物质为阳离子形成剂和所述添加剂为阴离子形成剂,或者所述活性物质为阴离子形成剂和所述添加剂为阳离子形成剂,形成阳离子的添加剂为胺类活性物质,形成阴离子的添加剂为饱和或不饱和脂肪酸或其衍生物、苯甲酸、庚烷磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、磷酸或盐酸。
2.根据权利要求1的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,所述离子对以物理化学分子缔合物的形式存在。
3.根据权利要求1的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,所述内相为基质的0.2重量%。
4.根据权利要求1的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,其含有至少一个膜层。
5.根据权利要求1的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,其还含有粘附层。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,使用尼古丁、莫索尼定、可乐定、东莨菪碱、阿托品、丁丙诺啡、芬太尼及其衍生物、沙丁胺醇或美金刚作为形成阳离子的活性物质。
7.根据权利要求1-5之一的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,使用双氯芬酸、酮洛芬、布洛芬、乙酰水杨酸或水杨酸作为形成阴离子的活性物质。
8.根据权利要求1-5之一的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,使用二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲氨基乙醇和/或氨丁三醇作为形成阳离子的添加剂。
9.根据权利要求1-5之一的透皮治疗系统,其特征在于,所述基质层含有渗透促进剂、软化剂和/或亲水或亲脂的聚合物。
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PCT/EP2007/009926 WO2008061677A1 (de) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-16 | Transdermales therapeutisches system mit ionenpaar-mikroreservoiren |
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DE102012213321A1 (de) | 2012-07-30 | 2014-01-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugs |
JP6559121B2 (ja) | 2013-06-04 | 2019-08-14 | エルテーエス ローマン テラピー−ジステーメ アーゲー | 経皮送達システム |
US9650338B1 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2017-05-16 | VDM Biochemicals, Inc. | Opioid antagonist compounds and methods of making and using |
US9901545B1 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2018-02-27 | Richard C. Fuisz | Method and composition for making an oral soluble film, containing at least one active agent |
US10238600B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2019-03-26 | Richard C. Fuisz | Package, system and methods for custody and control of drugs, and method and composition for making an oral soluble film, containing at least one active agent |
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CN112206222A (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-01-12 | 北京德默高科医药技术有限公司 | 含有布洛芬结构类似物的多层经皮给药系统 |
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EP2094250A1 (de) | 2009-09-02 |
KR101525369B1 (ko) | 2015-06-09 |
JP2014132020A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
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ES2340971T3 (es) | 2010-06-11 |
BRPI0719093B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
KR20140057398A (ko) | 2014-05-12 |
MX2009005342A (es) | 2009-06-01 |
DE102006054732B4 (de) | 2010-12-30 |
JP2010510264A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
IL198745A0 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
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CA2669308A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
US20100112064A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
EP2094250B1 (de) | 2010-04-28 |
WO2008061677A1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
BRPI0719093B1 (pt) | 2020-03-24 |
US9089527B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
KR101629516B1 (ko) | 2016-06-10 |
BRPI0719093A2 (pt) | 2013-12-03 |
KR20090082412A (ko) | 2009-07-30 |
ATE465724T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
DE102006054732A1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
CN101522178A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
AU2007323357A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
RU2009123366A (ru) | 2010-12-27 |
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