CN101521478B - Solar automatic tracking system - Google Patents
Solar automatic tracking system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101521478B CN101521478B CN2009100942948A CN200910094294A CN101521478B CN 101521478 B CN101521478 B CN 101521478B CN 2009100942948 A CN2009100942948 A CN 2009100942948A CN 200910094294 A CN200910094294 A CN 200910094294A CN 101521478 B CN101521478 B CN 101521478B
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- sunray
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar automatic tracking system comprising hardware which has a smart structural design with single-axle scaly solar panels (1) and a universal joint bearing seat (5), and the solar automatic tracking system is suitable for a shaft support with multiple pillars, is mounted in complex hilly lands, has down-moved gravity of the support and flexible turning and enables the system to adopt a single-axis tracking system to establish a solar power station in bumpy hilly lands, thereby ensuring that the solar panels always obtain solar radiation energy as much as possible inthe hilly lands, enhancing the tracking efficiency, effectively improving the anti-wind capability of the hardware, reducing the material breakage brought by windage resistance and strengthening the security and the adaptability. With a unique shadow elusion system processing function, the system prevents the solar panels on a stand from generating energy degradation because of being sheltered from mutual shadows and enables the solar panels to obtain the greatest energy output, thereby not only improving the solar electrical energy generation efficiency greatly, but also enhancing the adaptability of the solar tracking system and saving the limited resources by saving occupied space about 50 percent compared with the prior solar tracking system.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to solar energy generation technology, the solar automatic tracking system in the large-sized solar power station that particularly a kind of floor space is wider.
Two, background technology
We know that when having only sunray direct projection solar panel, cell panel could obtain maximum electric energy output.In order to improve the efficient of solar panel generating, using the solar energy tracking mounting system is an effectively selection.Its function is to make the solar battery array surface move on high along with the sun and rotate from motion tracking, makes it keep vertical plane to the sun as far as possible.At present, the single-shaft configuration that the solar-cell panel support of solar tracking system adopts usually, the solar panel mounting means of system is flat, promptly all cell panels all are fixed on the big horizontal frame.There is the problem of following three aspects in traditional one-axis system:
Problem one, because one-axis system can only rotate be followed the tracks of the sun in thing (longitude) direction, common single shaft flat-panel systems solar panel is a horizontal fixed, only in front and back best results in the Summer Solstice, can become gradually greatly other season owing to the deviation angle in sunlight north-south, and cause the loss of sunlight.Simultaneously, its roomy front face area will form very big wind load, for resisting the destruction of strong wind, must increase the requirement of strength of structural member, thereby consumptive material is risen, and cost increases.
When problem two, one-axis system are installed at the large tracts of land platoon, owing to consider the land seizure factor, therefore the interval that allows between the frame can not be too big, has shade in tracing process to block (See Figure), causes part solar energy group string open circuit and influence the output of electric weight.
Problem three, because one-axis system is a multi-column supporting structural, the fixed bearing pedestal that at present traditional one-axis system adopts usually can only be installed whole frame on the level land, can not adapt on the mountain area complex-terrain that is uneven with different gradient to install and use in a large number.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of solar automatic tracking system, not only can adapt to the mountain area complex-terrain that is uneven with different gradient, and can effectively improve solar energy generating efficiency, effectively resist strong wind and destroy, improve fail safe, save Limited resources.
Be specially:
A kind of solar automatic tracking system is to be made of solar panel, cell panel carriage, cardan axis bearing, frame, crossbeam, motor transmission shaft, electronic push rod, control circuit, automatic tracking Control module etc.
Wherein, the polylith solar panel is " fish scale shape " by the cell panel carriage of adjustable angle and is separately fixed on the frame.Make the solar panel and the angle of level equal sunray shines earth surface in the equinox time vertical drift angle (is 24 degree as stone forest area, Yunnan), because this angle has been looked after spring, winter, Qiu Sanji, the energy that its annual absorbs is maximum.Simultaneously, because cell panel carriage adjustable angle is whole, make frame can be installed in complicated ground with a slope (can make the solar panels angle reach best requirement) by the bracket angle.
" fish scale " shape cell panel carrier structure can be bigger the resistance that brings of dispersion wind, thereby can reduce the requirement of strength of supporting construction significantly, effectively improve fail safe.
The cardan axis bearing is fixed in each column top of frame, and π font supporting cap and crossbeam on the cardan axis bearing are fixed, and crossbeam is flexible by electronic push rod, makes cell panel carriage along continuous straight runs follow the tracks of rotation.Because by the cardan axis holder structure, its connection angle and direction are arbitrarily within the specific limits.Therefore when whole frame was installed in rugged hillside fields, " soft " between the column of crossbeam and frame was connected and can adapts to automatically and without " firmly " modification of any structure.
Automatically the tracking Control module comprises " shade is evaded " system handles module, its operation principle:
Under the maximum spacing situation that allows between each frame array, take certain tracking control algorithm, make solar panels obtain solar energy to greatest extent, be solar battery panel width L's can give the ultimate range D that stays between the frame below
Doubly, when promptly allowing solar battery panel vertical with sunray, sunray and horizontal angle are that 45 degree are example, calculate tracking Control program every day;
Convenient for describing trace routine, being divided into 7 time points every day:
T
0: transit time; It is the sunray time vertical with the east-west direction horizontal line;
T
1: at sunrise;
T
2: the beginning shade is evaded the tracking Control time;
T
3: in the east sunray and horizontal angle are 45 to spend the time;
T
4: western sunray and horizontal angle are 45 to spend the time;
T
5: finish shade and evade the tracking Control track time;
T
6: sunset, beginning reefing time;
The control action of day part is described
T
1～T
2: control system attonity, solar battery panel still are in the reefing angle.The battery panel that this stage is respectively followed the tracks of support has some shades, but since in early morning every day about one hour this short time sunray very weak.Itself with regard to deficiency so that solar panel reaches the threshold value of output (output) electric weight of inverter.So the influence of the shade of this moment can be ignored.
T
2～T
3: start shade and evade control, T start-up time begins
2, this moment, solar panel and horizontal line angle were 11 degree (the reefing angle of the previous day); From T
2Time, solar battery panel is regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction at every turn, be adjusted to solar panel and horizontal line angle 45 degree since the 11 reefing states of spending, the time is to T
3This moment, sunray and horizontal line angle were 45 degree.
This period is regulated number of times K
1=(45-11) degree/2 is spent=17 times;
Each time interval P=2 degree/S=8 branch of regulating; S: the sun speed of service, as follows;
Just regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction every 8 minutes.
T
3～T
4: from T
3Time, solar battery panel will be followed the tracks of to clockwise direction.Solar panel is regulated 2 degree to clockwise direction at every turn, be adjusted to west 45 degree from the beginnings of east 45 degree always till, middle through transit time, until time T
4This moment, sunray and horizontal line angle were 45 degree.
This period is regulated number of times K
2=90 degree/2 degree=45 times
Each time interval P=2 degree/S=8 branch of regulating
Just regulated 2 degree to clockwise direction every 8 minutes.
T
4～T
5: from T
4Beginning, 45 degree beginnings are adjusted to 11 degree counterclockwise from the west; Solar battery panel is regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction at every turn, be adjusted to 11 degree (with the horizontal line angle), always until time T
5
This period is regulated number of times K
3=(45-11)/2=17 time
Each time interval P=2 degree/S=8 branch of regulating
Just regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction every 8 minutes.
T
5～T
6: T
5Time is to the sun time T that sets
6Middle this short time (about a hour) lining sunray is very weak, itself with regard to deficiency so that solar panel reaches the threshold value of output (output) electric weight of inverter.So the influence of the shade of this moment can be ignored.
T
6: T
6Begin reefing after time, 11 degree are adjusted to east 11 degree from the west.From T
6After, solar battery panel counterclockwise is adjusted to east 11 degree reefing states continuously from west 11 degree (with the horizontal line angle) till.Adjusting angle is 22 degree altogether.
Time Calculation
In order to realize the control action of above definition, introduce concrete calculation procedure below:
A. calculate the sun speed of service:
Sun speed of service S=180 degree/720 minutes=0.25 degree/minute
B. calculate the startup shade and evade control time T
2
T
2=T
0-(45 degree/0.25)-(45-11) degree/0.25
=T
0-3 hours-136 minutes
=T
0-5 hours 16 minutes
C. computing time T
3
T
3=(45 degree/0.25)=T
0-3 hours
D. computing time T
4
T
4=T
0+ (45 degree/0.25)=T
0+ 3 hours
E. computing time T
5
T
5=T
0+ (45 degree/0.25)+(45-11) degree/0.25
=T
0+ 3 hours+136 minutes
=T
0+ 5 hours 16 minutes
F. time T
0: transit time; It is the sunray time vertical every day with the east-west direction horizontal line.
The time T of every day
0, T
1, T
6, can from the control system database, search in the chronometer data storehouse and upgrade automatically by control centre.
Cover Comprehensive Control Technology by above calculating forms and is compiled into shade avoidance system routine processes module therefrom.
The present invention is applicable to many boom shaft support by single shaft " fish scale shape " solar panel and " π font " supporting cap, the design of cardan axis holder structure cleverly, installs in complicated hillside landform, and support down-shift of working center, rotation are flexibly.Make system also can adopt single-shaft tracking system to build the solar power plant, can make solar panel obtain solar radiation energy as much as possible, improved tracking efficient thereby reach for complexity installation landform in height hillside fields, rugged mountain area.And, effectively improved the hardware wind loading rating for the requirement of single shaft " fish scale shape " solar panel corresponding construction, and reduce the spillage of material that windage is brought, strengthen fail safe and adaptability.Be equipped with unique " shade is evaded " system handles function again, avoid effectively that the mutual shade of cell panel blocks the energy loss that causes on the frame, make solar panel obtain maximum electric energy output, not only increase substantially solar energy generating efficiency, and significantly improved the adaptive capacity of solar tracking system, it is about about 50% to save land seizure than existing solar tracking system, has saved Limited resources.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a FB(flow block) of the present invention
Fig. 2 is single shaft of the present invention " fish scale shape " photovoltaic battery panel (a 1) mounting structure schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is cardan axis bearing of the present invention (a 5) structural representation
Fig. 4 is " shade is evaded " of the present invention know-why schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is the period action schematic diagram of " shade is evaded " of the present invention technology
Fig. 6 is a system principle schematic diagram of the present invention
Five, embodiment
A kind of solar automatic tracking system is made up of solar panel (1), cell panel carriage (3), pillar (2), electronic push rod (4), cardan axis bearing (5), crossbeam (6), control circuit and automatic tracking Control module.
Wherein, the cell panel carriage (3) of polylith solar panel (1) by adjustable angle is on each pillar (2) that " fish scale shape " be separately fixed at frame, constitutes " fish scale shape " solar automatic tracking system frame.
Cardan axis bearing (5) is fixed in each pillar (2) top of frame, and π font supporting cap on the cardan axis bearing (5) and crossbeam (6) are fixing, and crossbeam (6) is flexible by electronic push rod (4), makes cell panel carriage (3) along continuous straight runs follow the tracks of rotation.Thereby make system frame can under the shape of hillside fields, rugged mountain area, implement to install.
The execution mode of tracking Control:
Control system is made of control circuit, tracking Control module etc.
Wherein, control circuit is made up of control centre, branch area controller, front controller, electronic push rod again.Wherein control centre is the brain of whole solar automatic tracking system, can show the real-time status of whole each frame of sun matrix in the The whole control zone in real time.Comprise: the operation attitude, the real-time angle of current battery panel, the state constantly (illumination) of the sun, the same day sun set/raise time, the operating state of each hardware device of control system etc.Can will be according to the astronomical information of from database, obtaining, make the attitude control data of different time solar panels of spring, summer, autumn and winter, assign and respectively control front end and implement automatic tracking Control.Its minute, area controller was an effect of forming a connecting link in control system.The master control platform is regularly regularly published new control program and status poll order by it.Front controller is uploaded state and warning information by it; When minute area controller and control centre's communication disruption, can independently control the work of front controller.Its front controller is mainly as the front-end driven unit and the status information capture unit of tracking system.Specifically finish the motor of controlling and regulating electronic push rod; Collect the tracking system state information, in time alarm to control centre as finding fault.Its electronic push rod is finished the tracking Control to the solar energy tracking frame under front controller drives.
Automatically the tracking Control module comprises " shade is evaded " system handles module, its operation principle is at preceding detailed description, evade the control formula by shade and calculate a cover Comprehensive Control Technology that forms, and be compiled into shade avoidance system processing module therefrom, as the primary control program (PCP) of The whole control system, finish the tracking Control of system.
Claims (1)
1. a solar automatic tracking system is to be made of solar panel, frame, crossbeam, motor transmission shaft, control circuit, automatic tracking Control module, it is characterized in that:
Hardware also comprises: cell panel carriage (3), cardan axis bearing (5), and wherein, polylith solar panel (1) is on the crossbeam (6) that " fish scale shape " be separately fixed at frame by cell panel carriage (3); Cardan axis bearing (5) is fixed in each pillar (2) top of frame, and π font supporting cap on the cardan axis bearing (5) and crossbeam (6) are fixing, and crossbeam (6) is flexible by electronic push rod (4), makes cell panel carriage (3) along continuous straight runs follow the tracks of rotation;
Automatically the tracking Control module also comprises " shade is evaded " system handles module, its operation principle:
Under the maximum spacing situation that allows between each frame array, take certain tracking control algorithm, make solar panels obtain solar energy to greatest extent, be solar battery panel width L's can give the ultimate range D that stays between the frame below
Doubly, when promptly allowing solar battery panel vertical with sunray, sunray and horizontal angle are that 45 degree are example, calculate the tracking Control program of every day;
Convenient for describing trace routine, being divided into 7 time points every day:
T
0: transit time, i.e. the sunray time vertical with the east-west direction horizontal line;
T
1: at sunrise;
T
2: the beginning shade is evaded the tracking Control time;
T
3: in the east sunray and horizontal angle are 45 to spend the time;
T
4: western sunray and horizontal angle are 45 to spend the time;
T
5: finish shade and evade the tracking Control track time;
T
6: sunset, beginning reefing time;
The control action of day part is described
T
1～T
2: the control system attonity, solar battery panel still is in the reefing angle, the battery panel that this stage is respectively followed the tracks of support has some shades, but because about one hour of early morning every day, this following period of time sunray was very weak, itself with regard to deficiency so that solar panel reaches the threshold value of the output electric weight of inverter, so the influence of the shade of this moment can be ignored;
T
2～T
3: start shade and evade control, T start-up time begins
2, this moment, solar panel and horizontal line angle were 11 degree, i.e. the reefing angles of the previous day; From T
2Time, solar battery panel is regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction at every turn; Be adjusted to solar panel and horizontal line angle 45 degree since the reefing state of 11 degree, the time is to T
3This moment, sunray and horizontal line angle were 45 degree;
This period is regulated number of times K
1=(45-11) degree/2 is spent=17 times;
Each time interval P=2 degree/S=8 branch of regulating; S: the sun speed of service, as follows;
Just regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction every 8 minutes;
T
3～T
4: from T
3Time, solar battery panel will be followed the tracks of to clockwise direction; Solar panel is regulated 2 degree to clockwise direction at every turn, be adjusted to west 45 degree from the beginnings of east 45 degree always till, middle through transit time, until time T
4This moment, sunray and horizontal line angle were 45 degree;
This period is regulated number of times K
2=90 degree/2 degree=45 times
Each time interval P=2 degree/S=8 branch of regulating
Just regulated 2 degree to clockwise direction every 8 minutes;
T
4～T
5: from T
4Beginning, 45 degree beginnings are adjusted to 11 degree counterclockwise from the west; At every turn with solar battery panel to counter clockwise direction regulate 2 the degree, be adjusted to always with the horizontal line angle be 11 the degree, until time T
5
This period is regulated number of times K
3=(45-11)/2=17 time
Each time interval P=2 degree/S=8 branch of regulating
Just regulated 2 degree to counter clockwise direction every 8 minutes;
T
5～T
6: T
5Time is to the sun time T that sets
6Sunray is very weak in middle this about one hour short time, itself with regard to deficiency so that solar panel reaches the threshold value of the output electric weight of inverter, so the influence of the shade of this moment can be ignored;
T
6: T
6Begin reefing after time, 11 degree are adjusted to east 11 degree from the west, from T
6After, till counterclockwise be adjusted to east 11 degree reefing states continuously with horizontal line angle west 11 degree, adjusting angle is 22 degree altogether with solar battery panel;
Time Calculation
In order to realize the control action of above definition, introduce concrete calculation procedure below:
A. calculate the sun speed of service:
Sun speed of service S=180 degree/720 minutes=0.25 degree/minute
B. calculate the startup shade and evade control time T
2
T
2=T
0-(45 degree/0.25)-(45-11) degree/0.25
=T
0-3 hours-136 minutes
=T
0-5 hours 16 minutes
C. computing time T
3
T
3=(45 degree/0.25)=T
0-3 hours
D. computing time T
4
T
4=T
0+ (45 degree/0.25)=T
0+ 3 hours
E. computing time T
5
T
5=T
0+ (45 degree/0.25)+(45-11) degree/0.25
=T
0+ 3 hours+136 minutes
=T
0+ 5 hours 16 minutes
F. time T
0: the transit time of every day; It is the sunray time vertical every day with the east-west direction horizontal line;
The time T of every day
0, T
1, T
6, can from the control system database, search in the chronometer data storehouse and upgrade automatically by control centre;
Cover Comprehensive Control Technology by above calculating forms and is compiled into shade avoidance system routine processes module therefrom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100942948A CN101521478B (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | Solar automatic tracking system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100942948A CN101521478B (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | Solar automatic tracking system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101521478A CN101521478A (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| CN101521478B true CN101521478B (en) | 2010-09-22 |
Family
ID=41081889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100942948A Expired - Fee Related CN101521478B (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | Solar automatic tracking system |
Country Status (1)
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| CN (1) | CN101521478B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102244481A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 上海超日太阳能科技股份有限公司 | Solar orientation biaxial fully-automatic tracking control power generation equipment |
| CN102109851A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-06-29 | 中山市恒美风力能源科技有限公司 | Mechanical positioning and tracking device |
| CN102163341B (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-03 | 河北省电力勘测设计研究院 | Method for building solar power station model through shade analysis |
| CN103453672A (en) * | 2011-04-30 | 2013-12-18 | 张其明 | Condenser |
| CN102354222A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-02-15 | 上海聚恒太阳能有限公司 | Shadow-free tracking method for double-axis solar photovoltaic array power generation system |
| CN102508497A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-06-20 | 江苏东升光伏发电设备有限公司 | Single-shaft tracking bracket redundancy control method based on finite states |
| CN103197613B (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | A kind of photovoltaic power station monitoring system based on industry wireless network |
| CN102541089B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-10-02 | 冶金自动化研究设计院 | Photovoltaic single-axis tracking system based on industrial wireless network and control method |
| CN102748696B (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-11-05 | 戴忠 | LED (Light-Emitting Diode) solar street lamp capable of tracking sun position |
| CN103149947B (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2015-02-25 | 杭州帷盛科技有限公司 | Solar energy tracking method with umbra versa tracking |
| CN103365305B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-10-28 | 苏州聚晟太阳能有限公司 | A kind of solar tracking device and sun power antitracking method |
| TWI776414B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-01 | 許勝峯 | Simplified adjustment operation method and system for photovoltaic panels |
| CN114859955B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-09 | 青岛海舟科技有限公司 | Wave glider positioning method and system based on solar cell panel |
-
2009
- 2009-04-03 CN CN2009100942948A patent/CN101521478B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101521478A (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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