CN102541089B - Photovoltaic single-axis tracking system based on industrial wireless network and control method - Google Patents

Photovoltaic single-axis tracking system based on industrial wireless network and control method Download PDF

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CN102541089B
CN102541089B CN 201210008237 CN201210008237A CN102541089B CN 102541089 B CN102541089 B CN 102541089B CN 201210008237 CN201210008237 CN 201210008237 CN 201210008237 A CN201210008237 A CN 201210008237A CN 102541089 B CN102541089 B CN 102541089B
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angle
tracking
support
photovoltaic
sun
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CN102541089A (en
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潘秋娟
张云贵
王丽娜
张农
于立业
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Automation Research and Design Institute of Metallurgical Industry
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Automation Research and Design Institute of Metallurgical Industry
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Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic single-axis tracking system based on an industrial wireless network and a control method. The photovoltaic single-axis tracking system comprises a photovoltaic tracking bracket (21), a bracket tracking controller (22), a wireless gateway (24) and a centre monitoring computer (25), wherein the photovoltaic tracking bracket (21) is connected with the bracket tracking controller (22), and the bracket tracking controller (22) is connected with the centre monitoring computer (25) through the wireless gateway (24). The distributed control mode of industrial wireless communication is adopted in the photovoltaic single-axis tracking system, so that the orientation of a solar panel is automatically adjusted according to the direction of sunlight, the manual intervention is unnecessary during a tracking process, the mounting is convenient, the construction and wiring troubles are greatly reduced, the structure is simple and the cost is low. The adaptive ability of the system under a severe weather condition is increased by a fault detecting protection function. The solar energy is extremely utilized.

Description

Photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system and control method based on industry wireless network
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field and photovoltaic generating system technical field, particularly a kind of photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system and control method based on industry wireless network.
Background technology
Solar energy power generating has the positive effect of many economy, society and environmental protection, has become the fastest technology of global evolution.Wherein photovoltaic tracking system is by from motion tracking sun's motion track, keeps solar panel at any time over against the sun, makes the surface of photovoltaic battery panel obtain the greater power generation amount perpendicular to the radius of the sun as far as possible.According to statistics, the single-shaft tracking system power generation performance is than the low 3%-5% of twin shaft, overall power generation level increases more than 20% than fixed support, so uniaxiality tracking is than double-axis tracking cost performance height, have simple in structure, reliability is high, price economy and land use rate advantages of higher.
At present in large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic tracker, usually adopt the PLC tracking control, calculate the sun elevation angle, the position angle of every day according to the latitude and longitude information of laying a little, and related data is stored in the PLC software, this mode is fixed when dispatching from the factory mostly, is difficult for developing again with parameter setting.In addition, industry spot exists the region to disperse, the photovoltaic tracking number of devices is many, be worth problems such as high, that site environment is abominable, and photovoltaic generation enterprise need monitor in real time to field equipment state, in order in time report to the police and processing when going wrong.The industrial monitoring network that adopts generally is Industrial Ethernet and fieldbus, this dual mode all has shortcomings such as wiring trouble, wiring complexity, difficult in maintenance, cost height, even if adopt traditional data acquisition and transmission mode, also there are agreement complexity, systematic cost costliness and the big problem of power consumption.
A kind of photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industrial wireless sensing network, employing is based on IEEE802.15.4 standard agreement WIA/ZigBee cordless communication network, it is big and can't guarantee the shortcoming of data in real time validity to overcome artificial work on the spot amount preferably, can effectively solve wired mode in rugged surroundings wiring difficulty and cost is higher, and the false alarm rate of the aging back of signal wire system and the shortcoming that failure rate constantly rises.The self-adaptation of wireless-transmission network and self organization ability characteristics are with the obvious advantage for the data acquisition monitoring system that the large tracts of land of photovoltaic generating system, point disperse.On same Wireless Personal Network (WPAN), can there be more than 6000 wireless node apparatus, can transmit information by the mode of multi-hop each other.This has solved the large-scale photovoltaic power house neatly and has carried out lightseeking missile and need consume a large amount of energy and cost problem.But existing control method generally adopts sunshine signal transmitting device with sunshine elevation angle, the position angle detected, again control information is sent to the control node, this mode depends on the optical signal detecting device, need to consume big energy, and on-the-spot photovoltaic tracking device quantity is huge, and this is to the energy and can cause very big waste economically.Even if adopt single optical signal detecting device, The whole control system is subjected to the influence of Changes in weather easily, the tracking control under incompatibility emergency mode and the manual mode.Conventional tracker is descended in inclement weather (as strong wind, rain, snow etc.) condition, and tracker is automatic fault protection in time, causes the damage of photovoltaic array easily; General tracker can not be in time blocked at photovoltaic array and is carried out shade under the situation and evade, and has also influenced the utilization ratio of sun power to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of easy for installation, simple in structure, cost is low and can maximally utilise photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system and the control method thereof based on industry wireless network of sun power, thereby overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network.Its formation comprises photovoltaic tracking support, support tracking control unit, radio network gateway and center monitoring computing machine, and the photovoltaic tracking support connects the support tracking control unit, and the support tracking control unit connects the center monitoring computing machine by radio network gateway.
The above-mentioned photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network also comprises the wireless relay route, and the support tracking control unit is connected the center monitoring computing machine by the wireless relay route with radio network gateway.
Aforesaid photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network, described radio network gateway have embedded sun angle track database and shade and evade algorithm, and radio network gateway and center monitoring computing machine adopt the RS232/RS485/TCP-IP protocol communication.
Aforesaid photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network, described center monitoring computing machine has monitoring software and database, monitoring software has the man-machine interaction picture, show the current control model of photovoltaic tracking array, tracking mode, failure message, and can generate form, data storage and data processing; Monitoring software has manual tracking, from motion tracking and urgent tracing mode.
Aforesaid photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network, described photovoltaic tracking support is made of actuating motor, gear train and sensor, and gear train adopts stepping trnasistion mechanism, adopts Passive Track, not light requirement fax sense signal; Sensor has photovoltaic tracking support left limit, right limit, the output of middle limit signal and feedback pulse output function, offers support tracking control unit related feedback information in real time.
Aforesaid photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network, described support tracking control unit is made of fault secure circuit, clock circuit, control relay circuit, spacing feedback pulse testing circuit, wireless communication module and microcontroller, clock circuit adopts clock chip, and it is synchronous to be used for system time; Wireless communication module adopts the communication protocol based on the WIA/ZigBee industrial wireless sensing network of IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
A kind of photovoltaic uniaxiality tracking control method based on industry wireless network.This method adopts automatic mode, manual mode and three kinds of tracing modes of emergency mode and adopts sun angle track algorithm and shade to evade algorithm and realize adaptive control, automatic mode wherein is after setting, obtain information from the radio network gateway database, make the attitude control data of 1 year different time solar panel, after data wireless sent to the support tracking control unit with these controls, the photovoltaic tracking support was in the automatic adjustment movement attitude of certain intervals; Manual mode is to carry out after hand/automatic switchover sets, and after the center monitoring computing machine will instruct and send to the support tracking control unit with wireless mode, all photovoltaic tracking supports were carried out corresponding actions, the adjustment athletic posture; Emergency mode is that Surveillance center adjusts to safest position by operating personnel's intervention with whole solar panels, alleviates the infringement that heavy weather brings to system after obtaining abominable meteorological warning special circumstances; Sun angle track algorithm and database are embedded in radio network gateway, be to calculate the sun at the sun set/raise time in somewhere according to astronomical algorithm, calculate the operation angle of solar panel again, obtain the position length of support arm and forward angle on target required pulse number to by how much computing method then, finish motor positive and inverse by the support tracking control unit so that photovoltaic array is in best generating efficiency position at last; Shade is evaded algorithm and is embedded in radio network gateway, it is the angle of regulating solar panel according to the position of the sun automatically, making between the adjacent tracker solar panel does not have shade, avoids because shade causes energy loss, to maximally utilise sun power.
The above-mentioned photovoltaic uniaxiality tracking control method based on industry wireless network, it is position angle, the elevation angle that calculates the sun according to the astronomical algorithm of photovoltaic panel East and West direction spacing and sun angle that described shade is evaded algorithm, the recycling mathematical model method, make the angle on target that calculates control within the specific limits, avoid shade to produce, improve generating efficiency, its concrete computing method step is as follows:
Step 1: at first calculate from certain start time to certain concluding time N minute solar zenith angle position and azimuth position at interval according to the astronomical algorithm of sun angle, method is as follows:
Solar declination=0.3723+23.2567sin θ+0.1149sin2 θ-0.1712sin3 θ-0.758cos θ+0.3656cos2 θ+0.0201cos3 θ, θ claims a day angle in the formula, be θ=2 π t/365.2422, t is made up of two parts, be t=N-N0, N is day of year in the formula, is exactly date serial number within the year; N0=79.6764+0.2422 *-INT (/ 4);
Step 2: calculate the solar panels angle;
The position angle of the known sun and zenith angle or the angle of pitch calculate the angle of solar sail normal orientation and surface level, calculate the angle that requires solar panel to change, and method is as follows:
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, E is the sun angle of pitch in the formula, and A is solar azimuth, and Btar is the angle on target of solar panel;
Step 3: adjust later photovoltaic battery panel and the angle of surface level according to calculated with mathematical model, reach the effect that shade is evaded, do not have shade by calculating between the transmeridional photovoltaic battery panel of control, method is as follows:
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, in the formula, for sunray and surface level East and West direction angle, in 0~90 degree scope, change;
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Be the angle between cell panel and the sunray, calculate corresponding angle
Figure 307903DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, reach shade and evade the photovoltaic battery panel of effect and the angle of surface level
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Step 4: calculate the support pole axis.Method is as follows:
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
=sqrt (
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
-
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
), A is after pole axis changes,
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
With Angle, the A value is interval:
1.[0~+45°] A=45+ +A 0
2.[0~-45°] A=45-
Figure 378682DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
+A 0
Initial angle is calculated by following formula:
A 0=arccos(
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
-
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
)/(2
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
), A wherein 0Support pole axis support main shaft the most in short-term during for-45 °
Figure 649258DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
With the support crossbeam
Figure 463630DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Between initial angle,
Figure 286093DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
,
Figure 553126DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Be mark length, support crossbeam and pole axis intersection point are Y, and in the pole axis elongation the most in short-term, support crossbeam and pole axis intersection point are Y 0, support pole axis rotating fulcrum is Z,
Figure 60681DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Be Z to the length of X, value is by measuring or producer provides, Be support pole axis the most corresponding length;
Calculate different angle on targets by above-mentioned
Figure 729560DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The time, the absolute growth of support pole axis correspondence can obtain the long front and back length difference respective pulses counting that changes of pole axis by the support parameter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts the distributed control mode of sun angle track algorithm and wireless industrial communication, can not only be automatically according to the sunshine direction adjust cell panel towards, and needn't manual intervention in tracing process, easy for installation, can reduce greatly the to construct trouble of wiring, simple in structure, cost is low; The fault detect defencive function can improve the adaptive ability of system under severe weather conditions; Shade evade algorithm can avoid since shade cause energy loss, to maximally utilise sun power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structure principle chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of no line bracket tracking control unit;
Fig. 3 is solar panels angle calculation synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that support pole axis of the present invention calculates synoptic diagram.
Being labeled as in the accompanying drawing: 13-fault secure circuit; the 14-control relay circuit, 15-wireless communication module, 16-clock circuit; the 17-actuating motor; the 18-gear train, 19-sensor, 21-photovoltaic tracking support; 22-support tracking control unit; 23-wireless relay route, 24-radio network gateway, 25-center monitoring computing machine.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but not as the foundation of the present invention being done any restriction.
Embodiments of the invention: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network, comprise photovoltaic tracking support 21, support tracking control unit 22, wireless relay route 23, radio network gateway 24 and center monitoring computing machine 25, photovoltaic tracking support 21 connects support tracking control unit 22, support tracking control unit 22 connects center monitoring computing machine 25 by radio network gateway 24, radio network gateway 24 has embedded sun angle track database and shade and evades algorithm, and radio network gateway 24 and center monitoring computing machine 25 adopt the RS232/RS485/TCP-IP protocol communication.System adopts the form of wireless self-networking, and radio network gateway 24 can determine whether allowing to add this network according to the MAC Address of no line bracket tracking control unit 22.Radio network gateway 24 is evaded the control information that algorithm calculates the tracking support according to embedded sun angle database and shade, send to no line bracket tracking control unit 22 then, support tracking control unit 22 is carried out corresponding control action, and information such as the current tracking mode of support, fault are outwards sent to radio network gateway 24 with certain frequency (10s/ time) by wireless protocols, radio network gateway 24 and center monitoring computing machine 25 are realized data communication by RS232/RS485/TCP-IP, and Surveillance center can check tracking mode and localization of fault at any time.When the distance of support tracking control unit 22 nodes and radio network gateway 24 is far away, can transmit by transistroute 23 nodes.
As shown in Figure 2: the formation of no line bracket tracking control unit 22 comprises wireless communication module 15, clock circuit 16, fault secure circuit 13, control relay circuit 14, spacing feedback pulse testing circuit 12 and microcontroller 11.Its principle of work is: wireless communication module 15 receives the control information that radio network gateway 24 sends, wireless communication module 15 sends to microcontroller 11 with these information by SPI mode or RS232 mode, and microcontroller 11 can will be worked as fore-stock tracking mode information, failure message sends to radio network gateway 24 by wireless communication module 15, antenna; Clock circuit 16 adopts clock chip, it is synchronous to be used for system time, microcontroller 11 receives the system time that radio network gateway 24 is sent, clock circuit 16 contrasts and adjusts local zone time accordingly, avoids the not high problem of tracking accuracy of the inconsistent appearance of time of time of center monitoring computing machine 25 and support tracking control unit 22; Fault secure circuit 13 tracking equipment break down or photovoltaic panel when in tracing process, running into barrier motor produce big electric current, microcontroller 11 cuts off motor power automatically within a certain period of time and the direct current generator of avoiding following the tracks of support burns with photovoltaic panel and damages, and information by wireless feedback to Surveillance center, make the maintainer in the very first time, can overhaul tracking equipment; Spacing feedback pulse testing circuit 12 realizes that backing positions detects (left limit, meta, right limit) and feedback pulse, in order to realize the real-time control of photovoltaic tracking support 21; Control relay circuit 14 is used for forward and reverse power supply of control support actuating motor, to realize motor positive and inverse, accepts the carriage motor dump signal of fault secure circuit 13 simultaneously.
Radio network gateway 24 is communicated by letter with also communicating by letter with Surveillance center by the no line bracket tracking control unit 22 of industry wireless network and each and is adopted the RS232/RS485/TCP-IP agreement; Use is based on IEEE802.15.4 standard agreement wireless network, at certain intervals to support tracking control unit 22 sending controling instructions and support control information, and receiving tray tracking control unit 22 is transmitted to Surveillance center by ICP/IP protocol with tracking mode, failure message again by tracking mode, failure message that wireless network sends.The transistroute that wireless relay route 23 is used between support tracking control unit 22 and the radio network gateway 24, a plurality of no line bracket tracking control units, a plurality of wireless relay route 23 and radio network gateway 24 can be formed the Mesh network of self-organization multi-hop, and no line bracket tracking control unit 22 itself can serve as routing function.Be furnished with monitoring software and database at center monitoring computing machine 25; Monitoring software has the man-machine interaction picture, is used for showing the current control model of photovoltaic tracking array, tracking mode, failure message, can generate form, data storage and data processing etc.Monitoring software can select manual tracking, from motion tracking, urgent tracing mode, send current control model and steering order to radio network gateway, radio network gateway is again to next stage support tracking control unit sending controling instruction.
Photovoltaic bracket tracking and controlling method based on wireless network of the present invention specifically is to adopt sun angle track algorithm and shade to evade the attitude control data that algorithm calculates solar panel by radio network gateway.The center monitoring computing machine sends from motion tracking, manually follows the tracks of and urgent tracing mode switching and clock information to radio network gateway according to operational requirements.Under the automatic control mode, radio network gateway will be controlled the data periodic broadcasting and be sent to the support tracking control unit, and support tracking control unit realization certain hour is adjusted support once at interval.Under the manual mode, the support tracking control unit is according to the setting of supervisory control comuter, can divide into groups or adjusts the athletic posture of single tracking support arbitrarily.Under the emergency mode, abominable meteorological report to the police in particular cases (strong wind, heavy snow, hail etc.), supervisory control comuter with operating personnel's operational order by being wirelessly transmitted to the support tracking control unit of terminal, the control photovoltaic bracket is adjusted to safest position with whole photovoltaic battery panels, alleviates the infringement that heavy weather brings to system.Wherein the astronomical algorithm of sun angle and shade bypassing method are embedded in radio network gateway.The astronomical algorithm of sun angle specifically is according to local longitude and latitude, calculate the sun in position angle, the elevation angle of sun set/raise time and the sun of locality, calculate the operation angle of photovoltaic battery panel again, obtain the position length of support pole axis and forward target length required pulse number to by method of geometry then, finish motor positive and inverse by the support tracking control unit so that photovoltaic array is in best generating efficiency position at last.The shade bypassing method is according to the position angle of photovoltaic panel East and West direction spacing and the sun, elevation angle, utilizes mathematical model method, makes the angle on target that calculates control within the specific limits, avoids shade to produce, and improves generating efficiency.Obtain the photovoltaic battery panel shade by the astronomical algorithm of sun angle and mathematical model method and evade algorithm, concrete calculation procedure is as follows:
Step 1: at first calculate from certain start time to certain concluding time N minute solar zenith angle position and azimuth position at interval according to the astronomical algorithm of sun angle.Method is as follows:
Solar declination=0.3723+23.2567sin θ+0.1149sin2 θ-0.1712sin3 θ-0.758cos θ+0.3656cos2 θ+0.0201cos3 θ
θ claims a day angle in the formula, i.e. θ=2 π t/365.2422.
Here t is made up of two parts again, namely
t=N-N0
N is day of year in the formula, and so-called day of year is exactly date serial number within the year, and for example, January 1, its day of year was 1, and the day of year in Dec 31 non-leap year is 365, and the leap year then is 366, etc.
N0=79.6764+0.2422 * (time-1985)-INT ((time-1985)/4).
Step 2: calculate the solar panels angle.
The position angle of the known sun and zenith angle or the angle of pitch can calculate the angle of solar sail normal orientation and surface level, can calculate the angle that requires solar panel to change like this, and method is as follows:
Figure 785240DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein E is the sun angle of pitch, and A is solar azimuth, and Btar is the angle on target of solar panel.
Step 3: adjust later photovoltaic battery panel and the angle of surface level according to calculated with mathematical model, to reach the effect that shade is evaded.There is not shade by calculating between the transmeridional photovoltaic battery panel of control.As shown in Figure 3.Method is as follows:
Wherein,
Figure 2012100082375100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Be sunray and surface level East and West direction angle, change in 0~90 degree scope;
Figure 89631DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Be the angle between cell panel and the sunray, can calculate corresponding angle
Figure 613016DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, reach shade and evade the photovoltaic battery panel of effect and the angle of surface level
Figure 42860DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Step 4: calculate the support pole axis.With reference to the accompanying drawings 4, method is as follows:
Figure 284486DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
= sqrt(
Figure 621926DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 265397DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
)
A is after pole axis changes,
Figure 600564DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
With Angle.The A value is interval:
1.[0~+45°] A=45+
Figure 719884DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
+A 0
2.[0~-45°] A=45-
Figure 217862DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
+A 0
Initial angle is calculated by following formula:
A 0=arccos(
Figure 51825DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Figure 2464DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
)/(2
Figure 884969DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
)
A wherein 0During for-45 ° the support pole axis the most in short-term, the support main shaft
Figure 237453DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
With the support crossbeam
Figure 993051DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Between initial angle.
Wherein
Figure 430985DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
,
Figure 851602DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Mark length is (being definite value) as shown in Figure 4, and support crossbeam and pole axis intersection point are Y, and in the pole axis elongation the most in short-term, support crossbeam and pole axis intersection point are Y 0, support pole axis rotating fulcrum is Z,
Figure 386489DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Be Z to the length of X, value is by measuring or producer provides.
Figure 499938DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Be support pole axis the most corresponding length.
Calculate different angle on targets by above-mentioned
Figure 425169DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The time, the absolute growth of support pole axis correspondence.
Can obtain the long front and back length difference respective pulses counting that changes of pole axis by support parameter (resolution 1.99Pulse/mm).

Claims (5)

1. photovoltaic uniaxiality tracking control method based on industry wireless network, it is characterized in that: adopt automatic mode, manual mode and three kinds of tracing modes of emergency mode and adopt sun angle track algorithm and shade to evade algorithm realization adaptive control, automatic mode wherein is after setting, obtain information from the radio network gateway database, make the attitude control data of 1 year different time solar panel, after data wireless sent to the support tracking control unit with these controls, the photovoltaic tracking support was in the automatic adjustment movement attitude of certain intervals; Manual mode is to carry out after hand/automatic switchover sets, and after the center monitoring computing machine will instruct and send to the support tracking control unit with wireless mode, all photovoltaic tracking supports were carried out corresponding actions, the adjustment athletic posture; Emergency mode is that Surveillance center adjusts to safest position by operating personnel's intervention with whole solar panels, alleviates the infringement that heavy weather brings to system after obtaining abominable meteorological warning special circumstances; Sun angle track algorithm and database are embedded in radio network gateway, be to calculate the sun at the sun set/raise time in somewhere according to astronomical algorithm, calculate the operation angle of solar panel again, obtain the position length of support arm and forward angle on target required pulse number to by how much computing method then, finish motor positive and inverse by the support tracking control unit so that photovoltaic array is in best generating efficiency position at last; Shade is evaded algorithm and is embedded in radio network gateway, it is the angle of regulating solar panel according to the position of the sun automatically, making between the adjacent tracker solar panel does not have shade, avoids because shade causes energy loss, to maximally utilise sun power;
It is position angle, the elevation angle that calculates the sun according to the astronomical algorithm of photovoltaic panel East and West direction spacing and sun angle that described shade is evaded algorithm, the recycling mathematical model method, make the angle on target that calculates control within the specific limits, avoid shade to produce, improve generating efficiency, its concrete computing method step is as follows:
Step 1: at first calculate from certain start time to certain concluding time N minute solar zenith angle position and azimuth position at interval according to the astronomical algorithm of sun angle, method is as follows:
Solar declination=0.3723+23.2567sin θ+0.1149sin2 θ-0.1712sin3 θ-0.758cos θ+0.3656cos2 θ+0.0201cos3 θ, θ claims a day angle in the formula, be θ=2 π t/365.2422, t is made up of two parts, be t=N-N0, N is day of year in the formula, is exactly date serial number within the year; N0=79.6764+0.2422 *-INT (/ 4);
Step 2: calculate the solar panels angle;
The position angle of the known sun and zenith angle or the angle of pitch calculate the angle of solar sail normal orientation and surface level, calculate the angle that requires solar panel to change, and method is as follows:
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, E is the sun angle of pitch in the formula, and A is solar azimuth, and Btar is the angle on target of solar panel;
Step 3: adjust later photovoltaic battery panel and the angle of surface level according to calculated with mathematical model, reach the effect that shade is evaded, do not have shade by calculating between the transmeridional photovoltaic battery panel of control, method is as follows:
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, in the formula,
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
For sunray and surface level East and West direction angle, in 0~90 degree scope, change;
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Be the angle between cell panel and the sunray, calculate corresponding angle , reach shade and evade the photovoltaic battery panel of effect and the angle of surface level
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Step 4: calculate the support pole axis, method is as follows:
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
=sqrt ( -
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
), A is after pole axis changes
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
With Angle, the A value is interval:
1.[0~+45°] A=45+
Figure 516563DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
+A 0
2.[0~-45°] A=45-
Figure 358617DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
+A 0
Initial angle is calculated by following formula:
A 0=arccos(
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
- )/(2
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
), A wherein 0Support pole axis support main shaft the most in short-term during for-45 °
Figure 629193DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
With the support crossbeam
Figure 443565DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Between initial angle, , Be mark length, support crossbeam and pole axis intersection point are Y, and in the pole axis elongation the most in short-term, support crossbeam and pole axis intersection point are Y 0, support pole axis rotating fulcrum is Z,
Figure 545010DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Be Z to the length of X, value is by measuring or producer provides,
Figure 2012100082375100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Be support pole axis the most corresponding length;
Calculate different angle on targets by above-mentioned
Figure 276206DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The time, the absolute growth of support pole axis correspondence can obtain the long front and back length difference respective pulses counting that changes of pole axis by the support parameter.
2. photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system of realizing the described photovoltaic uniaxiality tracking control method based on industry wireless network of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise photovoltaic tracking support (21), support tracking control unit (22), radio network gateway (24) and center monitoring computing machine (25), photovoltaic tracking support (21) connects support tracking control unit (22), and support tracking control unit (22) connects center monitoring computing machine (25) by radio network gateway (24);
Comprise wireless relay route (23), support tracking control unit (22) is connected center monitoring computing machine (25) by wireless relay route (23) with radio network gateway (24);
Described support tracking control unit (22) is made of fault secure circuit (13), clock circuit (16), control relay circuit (14), spacing feedback pulse testing circuit (12), wireless communication module (15) and microcontroller (11), and clock circuit (16) adopts clock chip; Wireless communication module (15) adopts the communication protocol based on the WIA/ZigBee industrial wireless sensing network of IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
3. the photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described radio network gateway (24) has embedded sun angle track database and shade and evades algorithm, and radio network gateway (24) and center monitoring computing machine (25) adopt the RS232/RS485/TCP-IP protocol communication.
4. the photovoltaic single-shaft tracking system based on industry wireless network according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described center monitoring computing machine (25) has monitoring software and database, monitoring software has the man-machine interaction picture, show the current control model of photovoltaic tracking array, tracking mode, failure message, and can generate form, data storage and data processing; Monitoring software has manual tracking, from motion tracking and urgent tracing mode.
5. according to right 2 described photovoltaic single-shaft tracking systems based on industry wireless network, it is characterized in that: described photovoltaic tracking support (21) is made of actuating motor (17), gear train (18) and sensor (19), gear train (18) adopts stepping trnasistion mechanism, adopt Passive Track, not light requirement fax sense signal; Sensor (19) has photovoltaic tracking support left limit, right limit, the output of middle limit signal and feedback pulse output function, offers support tracking control unit related feedback information in real time.
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