CN204347620U - A kind of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system - Google Patents
A kind of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system Download PDFInfo
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- CN204347620U CN204347620U CN201420579351.8U CN201420579351U CN204347620U CN 204347620 U CN204347620 U CN 204347620U CN 201420579351 U CN201420579351 U CN 201420579351U CN 204347620 U CN204347620 U CN 204347620U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system, it take single-chip microcomputer as control core, utilize photoresistance to respond to intensity of illumination and then control the rotating of motor, under ensureing that the photovoltaic panel moment is in maximum intensity of illumination, improved the charge efficiency of accumulator simultaneously by MPPT technology, realize photovoltaic panel generating efficiency and maximize.The parameter such as reserve of electricity of real-time displaying time, generated energy and accumulator in this external LCD display, strengthens stability and the environment adaptability to changes of whole system, increases the service life.Therefore, single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model has fully demonstrated the theory of energy-conserving and environment-protective, has good social effect and economic benefit.Along with the increasing local sun power that uses is as clean energy resource, improving sun power conversion ratio has improvement to be performed with its charge efficiency, and application prospect of the present utility model is very wide.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to energy technologies field, particularly relates to a kind of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system.
Background technology
Along with world population sustainable growth and economic development, the demand of energy supply increases day by day, but in current energy consumption structure, is still based on the fossil fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas.According to up-to-date world energy sources survey report display; fossil fuel can only use about 200 years at most; and sun power is clean energy resource and be inexhaustible, nexhaustible compared to fossil fuel, can alleviating energy crisis effectively, by dominate in world energy sources structure in the future.Therefore, photovoltaic power generation technology is the important component part of new energy technology, the raising be familiar with regenerative resource along with people, and the exploitation of solar energy resources and application prospect will be very wide.
But in existing photovoltaic power generation apparatus, there is the problems such as generated energy is low, complex structure, floor area large, Maintenance Difficulty, solar energy utilization ratio are not high in traditional one-axis system.And the biaxial system tracking of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system needs to control Two Variables simultaneously, complicated control makes system operation reliability reduce, and cost improves.
Utility model content
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system, it take single-chip microcomputer as control core, utilize photoresistance to respond to intensity of illumination and then control the rotating of motor, under ensureing that the photovoltaic panel moment is in maximum intensity of illumination, improved the charge efficiency of accumulator simultaneously by MPPT technology, realize photovoltaic panel generating efficiency and maximize.The parameter such as reserve of electricity of real-time displaying time, generated energy and accumulator in this external LCD display, strengthens stability and the environment adaptability to changes of whole system, increases the service life.
Single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model, it comprises: single-chip computer control system, electric rotating machine, MPPT controller, accumulator, LCD display, photovoltaic panel six macrostructure;
Single-chip computer control system, utilizes sun altitude and azimuthal calculated with mathematical model solar azimuth, and combines the relation of light intensity and the system setting accepted from motion tracking inductor, sends the rotation that instruction controls electric rotating machine;
Electric rotating machine, carries out rotating according to the instruction of single-chip computer control system thus rotates adjustment photovoltaic panel, makes photovoltaic panel aim at the sun and follows the trail of it;
Accumulator, for laying in the electric energy that photovoltaic panel produces, the electric energy laid in by single-chip computer control system control accumulator when needing to use supplies user and uses;
Photovoltaic panel, electric rotating machine makes photovoltaic panel receive sunshine under optimum position, and changes sun power into electric energy, and part supply user directly uses, and another part deposit is in accumulator;
MPPT module, the way that employing disturbance observation method P & O, constant voltage control methods CVT two kinds of modes combine is to improve system power;
LCD display, for showing date, generated energy and reserve of electricity.
Further, from motion tracking inductor setting discontinuous operation, within every 5 minutes, a tracing detection is started.
Further, the support of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system is divided into base, girder and photovoltaic system three part, detachable and be bolted between three parts.
Further, the North and South direction angle of photovoltaic panel and east-west direction adjustable angle, according to seasonal adjustment North and South direction angle, rotate adjustment east-west direction angle according to the sun.
Effect is good, and the east-west direction rotary system of photovoltaic panel adopts and thickeies dishful steel ball universal rotary table, and universal rotary table is the link rotating sofa or rotary wardrobe.
Further, comprise from motion tracking inductor: photosensitive module, one-chip computer module, clock chip module, driver module and tributary motor composition; Two kinds of patterns should be had from motion tracking sensing apparatus, one is automatic decision exterior light strong mode, the tracker that this pattern adopts photoresistance to form when illumination is strong carrys out real-time tracing, another kind is timing drive pattern, this pattern adopts clock module timing to drive when illumination is more weak, and these two kinds of patterns can switch in real time.
Further, single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system also comprises a standby power supply, and when accumulator cannot meet power demands, power change-over switch can automatically switch to standby power supply and power.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
Single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model has structure letter, and cost is low, safeguards easily, compatible strong, the powerful advantages that reliability is high.
Single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model is the solution that a kind of novel low-cost MPPT controls single shaft linkage, can realize twin shaft effect, and solar energy generating efficiency is maximized under single shaft condition, improves charge in batteries efficiency.
Single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model can promote that photovoltaic power generation apparatus constantly improves and development, reaches protection of the environment, economizes on resources, the object of decreasing pollution.
Single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model has fully demonstrated the theory of energy-conserving and environment-protective, has good social effect and economic benefit.Along with the increasing local sun power that uses is as clean energy resource, improving sun power conversion ratio has improvement to be performed with its charge efficiency, and application prospect of the present utility model is very wide.
The utility model has accomplished the tracking of stable maximum power point, solve the problems such as the large and algorithm of low precision is not rigorous, allow MPPT controller can track maximum power point more rapidly, and accurately measured by a comparatively microvariations amount, effectively reduce the concussion of method of perturbation near maximum power point.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 a is parts one structural representation of the support of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 b is parts two structural representation of the support of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 c is parts three structural representation of the support of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 d is the support stereographic map of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 e is the support schematic diagram of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is that the east-west direction of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model rotates schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the North and South direction of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model rotates schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 a is the celestial coordinate system schematic diagram of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 b is the skyborne elevation angle α of the sun and position angle γ position view in the celestial coordinate system of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 be single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model from motion tracking inductor schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the solar-tracking schematic flow sheet of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 8 is the Power supply current diagram of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Fig. 9 is the MPPT module diagram of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model;
Figure 10 be in automatic one day of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system of the present utility model average sunshine in the four seasons duration schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The utility model comprises single-chip computer control system, electric rotating machine, MPPT controller, accumulator, LCD display screen, photovoltaic panel six macrostructure.Utility model global design is as Fig. 1.The working method of this single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system is as follows:
1) when evening, the sun disappeared, the light intensity accepted from motion tracking inductor is less than system setting, and single-chip microcomputer sends instruction control motor makes photovoltaic panel turn to initial position, starts to carry out the tracking of photovoltaic panel during to ensure that the sun rose in second day.
2) when morning, the sun occurred, whether single-chip microcomputer starts analysis identical from two groups of photoresistance light of motion tracking inductor, when photoresistance light is identical, then illustrates that photovoltaic panel is just to the sun.If different, then control motor by Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system and rotate adjustment photovoltaic panel, until it aims at the sun.Because sun's motion is relatively slow, native system setting discontinuous operation, starts a tracing detection in every 5 minutes.Effectively can achieve the function of solar energy photovoltaic panel from the motion tracking sun.
3), when weak light or cloud, single-chip microcomputer is according to photosensitive module feedack, and timing drives photovoltaic panel to follow the trail of the sun.When outside recover comparatively intense light irradiation time, again can transfer to from motion tracking sun pattern from timing drive pattern.
Accumulator stocking system of the present utility model facilitates user, and the electricity that photovoltaic panel produces directly supplies user and uses, and remaining Power Reserve is in accumulator, and by Single-chip Controlling when needing to use, supply user uses.
Mounting system with reference to successive dynasties photovoltaic support structure, analyzes their structure thinking, summing up experience, then discard the dross and select the essential, weed out the old and bring forth the new, propose disassembling design scheme, achieve between base and girder detachable, and detachable between girder and top photovoltaic system support.Successive dynasties photovoltaic generating system forms by many separate components, and installation personnel needs on-the-spot a large amount of assembled part after goods reaches the destination, and causes that installation period is long, difficulty is large, cost is high, wasting manpower and material resources.The utility model, because having detachability, dispatches from the factory and only has three parts, and after material object transports destination to, only three parts need be connected can complete Installation and Debugging with bolt, installation effectiveness is significantly enhanced.On the basis ensureing stable, wind resistance, dirigibility, turn improve the high efficiency of portability and installation.Shown in supporting structure following Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 e.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the design of single-shaft-rotation system is divided into two parts, and one is North and South direction angular adjustment, and two is east-west direction angular adjustment.Achieve according to seasonal adjustment North and South direction angle, and the function that the east-west direction real-time follow-up sun rotates.Reach the regulating effect using dual-axis rotation system to realize, effectively reduce costs, simplify circuit, significantly improve economic benefit.
The east-west direction rotational structure of any a photovoltaic sun tracking system is the core of support, and CQC authentication techniques specification is at the wind resistance of utility model, and antidetonation, the aspects such as resistance to compression all propose technical requirement.According to this requirement, single shaft tracking apparatus load-carrying requires as 20kg/m
2, following the tracks of angle is 110 °, and maximum safe instantaneous wind speed is 140km/h.East-west direction rotary system of the present utility model adopts and thickeies dishful steel ball universal rotary table, and universal rotary table is usually used in rotating sofa, the link of the large-scale high weight such as rotary wardrobe.Adopt this parts, load-bearing can reach 200kg/m
2, meet wind resistance in photovoltaic industry, the technical requirements such as antidetonation, and rotate smooth steady, follow the tracks of angle up to 360 °, and can intense adjustment be carried out.Fig. 5 a is celestial coordinate system schematic diagram, and Fig. 5 b is the skyborne elevation angle α of the sun and position angle γ position view in celestial coordinate system.
Suppose that observation station location and geocentric distance be the length of r, AB are L.Point A is positioned at latitude φ, and when noon 12, AB is parallel to Z axis, and in the plane of Z=0.Be respectively at the coordinate of coordinate system once A point and B point:
X(A1)＝rcos(φ+δ)，Y(A1)＝0，Z(A1)＝rsin(φ+δ)
X(B1)＝rcos(φ+δ)，Y(B1)＝0，Z(B1)＝rsin(φ+δ)+L
Be respectively at the coordinate of coordinate system two times A points and the coordinate of B point:
X(A2)＝rcosφ，Y(A2)＝0，Z(B2)＝rsinφ
X(B2)＝rcosφ+Lsin23.5°，Y(B2)＝0，Z(B2)＝rsinφ+Lcos23.5
By computing formula above, the rotation range of needs of the utility model east-west direction has been locked in 135.5 °, the utility model design rotating range is 360 °, as can be seen here, the rotary system of east-west direction is except meeting the required spinfunction of daily solar tracking generating, can also detect that high wind is interim, adjustment, to the angle parallel with wind direction, realizes wind resistance, stable, safe object.
The earth is in the process rotated around the sun, and by analyzing its orbit, the applicant finds from earth observation angle, and the corresponding throughout the year latitude of the sun is different.In order to increase photovoltaic panel luminous energy receiving ability, the North and South direction adjustable angle of photovoltaic panel must be allowed.Present application has been theory calculate, suppose existence celestial sphere, be an imaginary infinitely-great spinning ball, it is centered by the earth, and other celestial bodies are imagined as on celestial sphere, from motion tracking sensor structure as shown in Figure 6.
The south poles of celestial sphere is alignd with the south poles of the earth, and celestial equator and terrestrial equator are in same plane.Right ascension line connects the south poles of celestial sphere, and the right ascension angle (χ) when defining the Spring Equinox is 0 °, and now, the sun is positioned at directly over terrestrial equator.Right ascension angle is exactly little of 24 hours by 0 from West to East along celestial equator from the first point of Aries, when its unit is respectively, minute, second.One week 360 ° be divided into 24 parts after, can know that wherein 15 ° just equal 1 hour.Declination angle (δ) on celestial sphere and terrestrial latitude concept are just similar, the projection of latitude on celestial sphere, its unit degree of being, scope is between-90 ° to+90 °, the declination angle of celestial equator is 0 degree, the declination number of degrees in it Northern Hemisphere are positive number, and the number of degrees of the declination in the Southern Hemisphere, sky are negative.The earth is all revolving around the sun always, in celestial coordinate system, just as the sun on ecliptic plan around earth rotation, and its trajectory plane becomes the pitch angle of 23.45 ° with celestial equator plane.Its declination angular region is at-23.45 ° of < δ <23.45 °.In the winter solstice, δ=-23.45 °, in the summer solstice, δ=23.45 °, in day in the Spring Equinox and day in the Autumnal Equinox, δ=0 °
[4].
According to researching and analysing above, the passable photovoltaic panel drawing each city domestic at present installs best angle all between 20 ° to 50 °, pitch angle.And the angular adjustment of our utility model at North and South direction pitch angle is between 15 ° to 55 °, structural drawing as shown in Figure 5.Our utility model visible meets domestic all cities, the user demand of all regions.
From motion tracking sensor structure block diagram as shown in Figure 6, primarily of photosensitive module, one-chip computer module, clock chip module and driver module composition.Its working method is mainly judged light intensity by photosensitive module, then transmits signals to single-chip microcomputer and processes, and through single-chip microcomputer process rear drive motor, thus realize the function of following the trail of the sun, the sun power that photovoltaic panel is absorbed reaches maximal value.Can postpone for some time when luminance signal imports into, and carry out second time judgement by photosensitive module, if next signal is identical, executive routine, if difference, does not perform, and effectively avoids unexpected evanescent light according to the problem of drive system.
When four photoresistance are simultaneously by naturally effect of light, if intensity of illumination difference, resistance will change, therefore between the light activated element of left and right, voltage also changes thereupon, give normal phase input end by the magnitude of voltage between the photoresistance of left and right simultaneously, two series connection 100k resistive voltages give inverting input, compared by LM358 comparer and obtain low and high level through single-chip microcomputer process drive motor, thus realize the function focused automatically of photovoltaic panel.Solar-tracking flow process of the present utility model is illustrated in fig. 7 shown below.
As shown in Figure 8, it forms primarily of photovoltaic panel and accumulator system power supply integrated circuit structured flowchart.Effectively can ensure the power supply of following the trail of rotating mechanism, motor-driven mechanism and MPPT controller.For ensureing for electrical stability, power unit also add the standby power supply that a specification is 200V/50HZ alternating current, it adopts LS01-15B12S electric power source pair of module commercial power rectification to export the direct current of 12V, when accumulator cannot meet power demands, power change-over switch can automatically switch to standby power supply and power, thus the stable and power supply of the system of guarantee is reliable.
The design of each modular circuit of hardware circuit completes, and carries out the welding of integrated circuit plate after a test.
In order to improve solar absorption and utilization ratio, we introduce MPPT maximum power point tracking technology (MPPT), and this technology effectively can improve the output efficiency of solar panel.We devise the circuit of comprehensive MPPT maximum power point tracking on this original basis: adopt disturbance observation method (P & O), constant voltage control methods (CVT)
[7]the way that two kinds of modes combine improves power further, makes final efficiency improve 20%-30%.MPPT block process as shown in Figure 9.
Circuit design is quoted disturbance observation method and constant voltage control methods, accomplish the tracking of stable maximum power point, solve the problems such as the large and algorithm of low precision is not rigorous, allow MPPT controller can track maximum power point faster, and accurately measured by a comparatively microvariations amount, effectively reduce the concussion of method of perturbation near maximum power point.
Follow the trail of as reference with existing fixed and existing single shaft, with geographically solar motion orientation
[8]for foundation, to analyze in automatic one day of the utility model single shaft duration at average sunshine in the four seasons, as shown in Figure 10.
Analyzed from Figure 10, fixed tracking is fixed due to photovoltaic panel, and the sunshine-duration is determined by physical geography weather, and solar day is very little according to utilization factor, and the light energy that photovoltaic panel absorbs is few, and generated energy is few; Although single shaft can be followed the trail of, but can only control east-west direction, angle cannot regulate, and therefore solar day is still very low according to utilization factor, and generating efficiency is low.Our utility model can reach comprehensive tracking, and make sunlight angle reach maximum, generating efficiency is high.And in the charging process of accumulator, common " syllogic " charging modes of the utility model contrast additionally provides the utilization rate of electrical of about about 30%.
For 75kW photovoltaic solar electricity generation system.We are the contrast through a row economic benefit of different trace modes and our utility model, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Note: year, power cost saving was with reference to Wuhan City ordinarily resident the charge of electricity standard: 0.87/ degree.Suppose that the benefit that 2 megawatt systems all use our utility model to produce is as follows:
1) amount of electricity saving: the utility model using us every year can electrogenesis 277.33 ten thousand degree electricity, produces larger economic benefit, economizes on resources, protection of the environment.
2) coal conservation: produce 277.33 ten thousand degree of electricity every year according to use the utility model, can save and use 112.04 ten thousand tons, coal.2773300kwh × 0.404kg/kwh=112.04 ten thousand tons.
3) CER: the utility model using us, the annual coal saving use 112.04 ten thousand tons, can reduce CO2 emission 112.04 ten thousand tons of * 2.66=298.02 ten thousand tons, sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions 112.04 ten thousand tons of * 8.46%=9.48 ten thousand tons.
Can be calculated, if use our Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), maximum economic benefit can be produced, economize on resources, protection of the environment.
In sum, innovative point of the present utility model is specific as follows:
1) utility model adopts single-axle units, compares with stationary shaft with existing single shaft, can the tracking sunshine of greater angle, and solar radiation is arrived maximum, generating efficiency is high; Compared with twin shaft, do not need to have two independently powered actuation mechanism, control system is simple, and design cost is low, long service life, and maintenanceability is good, high financial profit.
2) angle real-time, tunable, different places, the direct projection angle of sunshine is different, we utilize sun altitude and azimuthal mathematical model, calculate sun orientation with this understanding, thus photovoltaic system is effectively followed the tracks of it towards sunlit optimum position, solar energy photovoltaic panel is remained and can absorb maximum sun light intensity, greatly improve photovoltaic power generation quantity, improve the generating efficiency of system.
3) maximum power tracing method (MPPT), because the cost of current photovoltaic cell is high, conversion efficiency is low, and its output power is subject to the impact of the factor such as intensity of illumination, battery temperature, therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic system, the utility model system of our design follows the tracks of the maximum power point of photovoltaic cell in real time, makes the output power of photovoltaic cell remain maximum.
Only as described above, be only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, such as professional who are familiar with this art.After understanding technological means of the present utility model, natural energy, according to actual needs, is changed under instruction of the present utility model.Therefore all equal changes of doing according to the utility model claim and modification, all still should belong to the scope that the utility model patent contains.
Claims (7)
1. a single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system, is characterized in that, comprising: single-chip computer control system, electric rotating machine, MPPT controller, accumulator, LCD display, photovoltaic panel six macrostructure;
Single-chip computer control system, utilizes sun altitude and azimuthal calculated with mathematical model solar azimuth, and combines the relation of light intensity and the system setting accepted from motion tracking inductor, sends the rotation that instruction controls electric rotating machine;
Electric rotating machine, carries out rotating according to the instruction of single-chip computer control system thus rotates adjustment photovoltaic panel, makes photovoltaic panel aim at the sun and follows the trail of it;
Accumulator, for laying in the electric energy that photovoltaic panel produces, the electric energy laid in by single-chip computer control system control accumulator when needing to use supplies user and uses;
Photovoltaic panel, electric rotating machine makes photovoltaic panel receive sunshine under optimum position, and changes sun power into electric energy, and part supply user directly uses, and another part deposit is in accumulator;
MPPT module, the way that employing disturbance observation method P & O, constant voltage control methods CVT two kinds of modes combine is to improve system power;
LCD display, for showing date, generated energy and reserve of electricity.
2. single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
From motion tracking inductor setting discontinuous operation, within every 5 minutes, start a tracing detection.
3. single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
The support of single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system is divided into base, girder and photovoltaic system three part, detachable and be bolted between three parts.
4. single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
The North and South direction angle of photovoltaic panel and east-west direction adjustable angle, according to seasonal adjustment North and South direction angle, rotate adjustment east-west direction angle according to the sun.
5. single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that,
The east-west direction rotary system of photovoltaic panel adopts and thickeies dishful steel ball universal rotary table, and universal rotary table is the link rotating sofa or rotary wardrobe.
6. single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Comprise from motion tracking inductor: photosensitive module, one-chip computer module, clock chip module, driver module and tributary motor;
Further, two kinds of patterns should be had from motion tracking sensing apparatus, one is automatic decision exterior light strong mode, the tracker that this pattern adopts photoresistance to form when illumination is strong carrys out real-time tracing, another kind is timing drive pattern, this pattern adopts clock module timing to drive when illumination is more weak, and these two kinds of patterns can switch in real time.
7. single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Single shaft photovoltaic sun tracking system also comprises a standby power supply, and when accumulator cannot meet power demands, power change-over switch can automatically switch to standby power supply and power.
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| CN112180993A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-05 | 上海电子信息职业技术学院 | Solar energy automatic tracking device |
| CN110297506B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2022-12-30 | 西安隆基清洁能源有限公司 | Tracking method, device and equipment for double-sided single-shaft assembly photovoltaic system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105785806A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-07-20 | 成都职业技术学院 | Photovoltaic power generation controller based on Siemens LOGO controller |
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