CN101517105A - Cu-Ni-Sn copper base sintered alloy excellent in wear resistance and bearing member made of the alloy - Google Patents

Cu-Ni-Sn copper base sintered alloy excellent in wear resistance and bearing member made of the alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101517105A
CN101517105A CNA2007800314685A CN200780031468A CN101517105A CN 101517105 A CN101517105 A CN 101517105A CN A2007800314685 A CNA2007800314685 A CN A2007800314685A CN 200780031468 A CN200780031468 A CN 200780031468A CN 101517105 A CN101517105 A CN 101517105A
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grouped
phase
copper base
sintered alloy
base sintered
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原川俊郎
清水辉夫
丸山恒夫
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a Cu-Ni-Sn copper base sintered alloy having a chemical composition composed of 10-40% of Ni, 5-25% of Sn, and optionally if necessary, 0.1-0.9% of P, 1-10% of C, 0.3-6% of calcium fluoride and 0.3-6% of molybdenum disulfide, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities. A phase having a chemical composition of Cu(4-x-y)NixSny (with x being 1.7-2.3 and y being 0.2-1.3) is dispersed in the alloy matrix.

Description

The Cu-Ni-Sn of excellent in wear resistance is that copper base sintered alloy reaches the bearing material that is made of this alloy
Technical field
The bearing that the present invention relates to rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is that copper base sintered alloy reaches the bearing material that is made of this alloy with Cu-Ni-Sn.
The application based on June 27th, 2006 spy in Japanese publication be willing to advocate right of priority for 2006-176255 number, and its content is included.
Background technology
Always using Cu-Ni-Sn as the bearing material is copper base sintered alloy, because this Cu-Ni-Sn is particularly rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance under hot environment of copper base sintered alloy, therefore can be used to for example make stainless the steel back and forth internal wheel of the bearing (for example with reference to patent documentation 1) of axle and internal connecting type toothed gear pump and the outer rotor (for example with reference to patent documentation 2) etc. of the EGR gas flowrate control valve work of the EGR formula oil engine that requires rubbing characteristics and wearability under the hot environment.
In addition, in order to reduce by this Cu-Ni-Sn is that the frictional coefficient face of the bearing material that constitutes of copper base sintered alloy further improves oilness, known have solid lubricants such as adding molybdenumdisulphide, and the amount that is used to improve Cu-Ni-Sn and is the contained molybdenumdisulphide of the oilness of copper base sintered alloy is generally 1～5%.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens the 2004-68074 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2005-314807 communique
Described Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy because contain Ni more in large quantities, so have excellent intensity, erosion resistance and rubbing characteristics and wearability, particularly under hot environment, have excellent rubbing characteristics and wearability, but still further require higher rubbing characteristics and wearability.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, present inventors are that the rubbing characteristics of copper base sintered alloy and wearability further improve and study in order to make described Cu-Ni-Sn.Consequently drawn following result of study: making at Cu-Ni-Sn is in the body material of copper base sintered alloy, is dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitutes is grouped into generates, and rubbing characteristics and wearability further improve thus.
This invention is carried out based on this result of study,
(1) be that the Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, wherein, having at the Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Ni, Sn and Cu is in the body material of copper base sintered alloy, is scattered here and there by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into.More preferably x:1.7～2.2, y:0.8～1.3.
The Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Ni, Sn and Cu of described (1) record is a copper base sintered alloy, also can be that to have the Cu-Ni-Sn that following one-tenth is grouped into be copper base sintered alloy, it contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25% in quality %, also contains P:0.1～0.9% and/or C:1～10%, surplus in addition as required: be made of Cu and unavoidable impurities.Containing P:0.1～0.9% and/or C:1～10% o'clock, is in the body material of copper base sintered alloy at Cu-Ni-Sn, can generate by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and/or graphite phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
Therefore, this invention has following feature.
(2) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(3) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and in body material, be dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into and by Cu (4-z)P zThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(4) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4 -x-y)Ni xSn yPhase and graphite tissue mutually that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(5) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and graphite tissue mutually that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
Above-mentioned scope, more preferably Ni:15～30%, Sn:6～15%, P:0.1～0.5%, C:3～9%.z：0.9～1.2％。
In addition, be in the copper base sintered alloy at the Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Ni, Sn and Cu of aforementioned (2)～(5) record, also can also contain Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) as required in addition: 0.3～6%.In the body material that this Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is a copper base sintered alloy, be dispersed with the Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase.Therefore, this invention has following feature.
(6) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yPhase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(7) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(8) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and in body material, be dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, graphite phase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually.
(9) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into, graphite phase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually.
Above-mentioned scope is Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) more preferably: 0.5～5%.
In addition, the Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Ni, Sn and Cu of aforementioned (2)～(5) record is in the copper base sintered alloy, also can also contain molybdenumdisulphide as required: 0.3～6%.In the body material that this Cu-Ni-Sn that contains molybdenumdisulphide is a copper base sintered alloy, be dispersed with the molybdenumdisulphide phase.Therefore, this invention has following feature.
(10) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yPhase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(11) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into.
(12) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, graphite phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually.
(13) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into, graphite phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually.
Above-mentioned scope, more preferably molybdenumdisulphide: 0.5～5%.
In addition, the Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Ni, Sn and Cu of aforementioned (2)～(5) records is in the copper base sintered alloy, also can also contain Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) as required: 0.3～6% and molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%.In the body material that this Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) and molybdenumdisulphide is a copper base sintered alloy, be dispersed with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) and molybdenumdisulphide mutually.Therefore, this invention has following feature.
(14) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually.
(15) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually.
(16) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, graphite phase, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually.
(17) Cu-Ni-Sn of a kind of rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, it has in quality % and contains Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: become to be grouped into unavoidable impurities constitutes by Cu, and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that (wherein, z:0.7～1.3) constitute is grouped into, graphite phase, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually.
Above-mentioned scope, more preferably Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.5～5%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.5～5%.
The Cu-Ni-Sn of described rubbing characteristics of the present invention in aforementioned (1)～(17) and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, bearing material as various electric components and mechanical part, particularly the oil bearing material is being brought into play more outstanding rubbing characteristics and wearability, particularly use, then can effectively obtain long-life bearing as if bearing material as the big axle of rotating speed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy.
Fig. 2 is that the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy.
Fig. 3 is that the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy.
Fig. 4 is that the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy.
Fig. 5 is that the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy.
Fig. 6 A is expression by the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the orthographic plan of an example of the embodiment of the bearing that constitutes of copper base sintered alloy.
Fig. 6 B is expression by the Cu-Ni-Sn of rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance is the sectional view of an example of the embodiment of the bearing that constitutes of copper base sintered alloy.
Embodiment
The Cu-Ni-Sn of described rubbing characteristics of the present invention in aforementioned in order to make (1)～(17) and excellent in wear resistance is a copper base sintered alloy, prepares following as raw material powder.
Contain Ni:5～45 quality %, the Cu-Ni powdered alloy that becomes to be grouped into that surplus is made of Cu and unavoidable impurities.
Have and contain Ni:25～60%, Sn:5～60%, surplus: the Cu-Ni-Sn powdered alloy that becomes to be grouped into that constitutes by Cu and unavoidable impurities.
The Sn powder.
Contain P:8 quality %, the Cu-P powdered alloy that becomes to be grouped into that surplus is made of Cu and unavoidable impurities.
Powdered graphite.
The Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) powder.
The molybdenumdisulphide powder.
Allotment mixes these raw material powders and makes mixed powder, makes it to become the described one-tenth in aforementioned (1)～(17) and is grouped into.The press-powder body that obtains for this mixed powder is carried out compression molding, than existing sintering temperature: the high temperature of 700～950 degree is carried out sintering.At once with than existing speed of cooling (15 degree/minute more than) speed of cooling slowly: 5～10 degree/minute sintered compact that obtains is carried out Xu Leng.
So the rubbing characteristics that obtains and the Cu-Ni-Sn of excellent in wear resistance are copper base sintered alloy, and the ratio discrete distribution with void content 5～25% in the body material has pore.
Above-mentioned sintering temperature is preferably 900～1080 degree, more preferably 900～980 degree.
Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B represent that the Cu-Ni-Sn by rubbing characteristics and excellent in wear resistance is orthographic plan, the sectional view of an example of the embodiment of the bearing that constitutes of copper base sintered alloy.
Next, for the Cu-Ni-Sn with rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance be copper base sintered alloy become to be grouped into and by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe one-tenth that (wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3) constitute be grouped into mutually in x and the reason that as above-mentioned, limits of y describe.
(A) the qualification reason that becomes to be grouped into
(a)Ni
Ni is the composition that intensity, rubbing characteristics and wearability under the hot environment are improved, but its content is lower than at 10% o'clock can not get desired effects, on the other hand, surpasses 40% if contain, then under the hot environment and the impedance between the slipping plane of axle big and wearing and tearing are increased rapidly, be not preferred therefore.Therefore, be that the contained Ni content of copper base sintered alloy is decided to be 10～40% with Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention.
(b)Sn
The effect that the Sn composition has is, sosoloid with Cu and Ni formation body material, having the intensity that makes bearing improves, and the effect that the wearability that helps bearing improves, but being lower than at 5% o'clock, its content can not get desired intensity raising effect, on the other hand if its content surpasses 25%, then for aggressive rapid increase of conduct to the stainless steel shaft of square bar, the wearing and tearing of stainless steel shaft are promoted, therefore its content is decided to be 5～25%.
(c)P
The effect that the P composition has is that coking property is improved, and make body material intensity, be that the intensity of bearing improves, therefore contain as required, but the content of P is lower than at 0.1% o'clock, can not bring into play sufficient coking property, therefore can't obtain full intensity, thus be not preferred, on the other hand, surpass 0.9% if make it to contain, then the intensity of crystal boundary portion sharply reduces, and the intensity of sintered alloy is reduced, so be not preferred.Therefore, the content with the P composition is decided to be 0.1～0.9%.
(d)C
C composition main body exists as the free graphite of discrete distribution in body material, the effect that has is that the oilness of bearing is improved, and help the wearability of bearing and stainless steel shaft to make progress, add as required, but its content is lower than at 1% o'clock, the discrete distribution ratio of free graphite is insufficient, can not guarantee the good lubricity expected, if its content surpasses 10%, the intensity of bearing sharply reduces on the other hand, wearing and tearing are sharply carried out, and therefore its content are decided to be 1～10%.
(e) Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan)
Because Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) has the effect that ablation resistance is significantly improved,,, its content can not get desired effects but being lower than at 0.3% o'clock so add as required, on the other hand, surpass 6% if contain, then intensity reduces, intensity, rubbing characteristics and wearability are reduced, and are not preferred therefore.Therefore, the content with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is decided to be 0.3～6%.
(f) molybdenumdisulphide
Molybdenumdisulphide has the effect that ablation resistance is improved, and therefore adds as required, can not get desired effects but its content is lower than 0.3%, surpass 6% if contain on the other hand, then intensity reduces, and intensity, rubbing characteristics and wearability are reduced, and is not preferred therefore.Therefore, the content with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is decided to be 0.3～6%.
(B) by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe qualification reason of the phase that constitutes
Aforementioned by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yConstitute mutually in, why x and y are decided to be x:1.7～2.3 respectively, y:0.2～1.3 are because by with than common high temperature: 900～1080 spend and carry out sintering, than cooling off usually slowly, thereby in body material, mainly can generate the CuNi of high rigidity 2The Sn phase, but CuNi completely all generated 2Sn mutually seldom, if Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn y, then can become and be in x:1.7～2.3, the phase in the scope of y:0.2～1.3, if having described x and y mutually, then rubbing characteristics and wearability improve.
Embodiment 1
The Cu-Ni-Sn that specifically describes rubbing characteristics of the present invention and excellent in wear resistance by embodiment is a copper base sintered alloy.Prepare following as raw material powder.
Median size: below the 150 μ m, contain Ni:15～42.5 quality %, the atomizing Cu-Ni powder that becomes to be grouped into that surplus is made of Cu and unavoidable impurities.
Median size: below the 150 μ m, have the Ni:25 of containing～60 quality %, Sn:5～60 quality %, the Cu-Ni-Sn powder that becomes to be grouped into that surplus is made of Cu and unavoidable impurities.
Median size: the atomizing Sn powder that 20 μ m are following.
Median size: Cu-P alloy (Cu-8.4%P eutectic alloy) powder that 150 μ m are following.
Median size: the powdered graphite of 20 μ m.
Median size: the CaF of 60 μ m 2Powder.
Median size: the MoS that 150 μ m are following 2Powder.
These raw material powders that at first will prepare are deployed into the ultimate constituent shown in table 1～2 to be formed, and adds stearic acid 1% usefulness V-Mixer and mixes 20 minutes.Afterwards, extrusion molding is made the press-powder body, with this press-powder body in decomposed ammonia body atmosphere, temperature with the regulation in the scope of temperature 900～1080 degree is carried out sintering, make thus by all having external diameter: the size of 18mm * internal diameter: 8mm * height: 8mm, having the Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention that becomes to be grouped into gentle porosity shown in table 1～2 is copper base sintered alloy 1～16, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn are the ring test sheet that copper base sintered alloy 1～3 constitutes.
Being within the ring test sheet that constitutes of copper base sintered alloy 1～16 by the above-mentioned Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention that obtains, also observe representational tissue by EPMA, this observation and the tissue of painting from life are presented in the mode chart 1～5.Fig. 1 is that Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy 1, Fig. 2 is that Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy 3, Fig. 3 is that Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy 4, Fig. 4 is that Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy 8, and Fig. 5 is that Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention is the mode chart of the tissue of copper base sintered alloy 16 in addition.
At the Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention by above-mentioned that obtains be copper base sintered alloy 1～16, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn flood synthetic oil on the ring test sheet that constitutes of copper base sintered alloy 1～3, use the Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention that is impregnated with this synthetic oil be copper base sintered alloy 1～16, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn be copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn be copper base sintered alloy 1～3 constitute the ring test sheet and carry out following test.
Crush test:
Be impregnated with synthetic oil by Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention be copper base sintered alloy 1～16, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn are that 1～3 of copper base sintered alloy constitutes the heating of ring test sheet and is controlled at 120 degree, to this ring test sheet that adds thermal control from radial direction load load, pressure break load when measuring ring test sheet destruction, its result is presented in table 1～2, in view of the above valence and toughness.
Abrasion test:
Is copper base sintered alloy 1～16 what be impregnated with synthetic oil by Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn are the axle that copper base sintered alloy 1～3 constitutes the 6S processing of inserting SUS304 in the ring test sheet, be copper base sintered alloy 1～16 by Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn are the radial direction (with respect to the direction that axially meets at right angles of axle) that copper base sintered alloy 1～3 constitutes the ring test sheet, one side is from the outer lateral load load of described ring test sheet, described ring test sheet is added thermal control on one side and make it to reach 120 degree, enforcement makes 30 minutes test of described axle rotation with 50m/min, the greatest wear degree of depth of the internal diameter of the test film behind the determination test, its result is presented in table 1～2, in view of the above valence, rubbing characteristics and wearability.
The ablation resistance test:
Is copper base sintered alloy 1～16 what be impregnated with synthetic oil by Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn are the axle that copper base sintered alloy 1～3 constitutes the 6S processing of inserting SUS304 in the ring test sheet, to be copper base sintered alloy 1～16 by Cu-Ni-Sn of the present invention, relatively Cu-Ni-Sn is that copper base sintered alloy 1～8 and existing Cu-Ni-Sn are that copper base sintered alloy 1～3 constitutes the temperature that the ring test sheet remains on 120 degree, the limit is in radial direction (with respect to the direction that axially meets at right angles of axle) the load load of ring test sheet, the limit makes described axle rotation 30 minutes with 50m/min, and interim described load is increased, load when measuring the ablation generation is as ablation load, its result is presented in table 1～2, estimates ablation resistance in view of the above.
[table 1]
Figure A20078003146800151
[table 2]
Figure A20078003146800152
* mark is represented the value outside the condition of the present invention.
Utilize possibility on the industry
The Cu-Ni-Sn of the described frictional behavior of the present invention in aforementioned (1)～(17) and excellent in wear resistance Be copper base sintered alloy, as the bearing material of various electric components and mechanical part, particularly oil-containing axle Corbel is being brought into play more outstanding frictional behavior and mar proof, if particularly as the big axle of rotating speed The bearing material uses, and then can effectively obtain long-life bearing.

Claims (18)

1. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, has in the Cu-Ni-Sn that contains Ni, Sn and Cu is the body material of copper base sintered alloy to be dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
2. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, has in what quality % contained that Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute to become to be grouped into and be dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
3. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in what quality % contained that Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute to become to be grouped into and in body material, be dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into and by Cu (4-z)P zThe tissue of the phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
4. a kind of Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in what quality % contained that Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute to become to be grouped into and in body material, be dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yPhase and graphite tissue mutually that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
5. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in what quality % contained that Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute to become to be grouped into and in body material, be dispersed with by Cu (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and graphite tissue mutually that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
6. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yPhase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
7. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x- Y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
8. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x- Y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, graphite phase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
9. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, graphite phase and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
10. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yPhase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
11. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zPhase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
12. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x- Y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, graphite phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
13. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, graphite phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
14. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
15. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
16. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, graphite phase, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3.
17. a Cu-Ni-Sn is a copper base sintered alloy, it is characterized in that, have in quality % and contain Ni:10～40%, Sn:5～25%, P:0.1～0.9%, C:1～10%, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan): 0.3～6%, molybdenumdisulphide: 0.3～6%, surplus: Cu and unavoidable impurities constitute becomes to be grouped into and is dispersed with by Cu in body material (4-x-y)Ni xSn yThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, by Cu (4-z)P zThe phase that the one-tenth that constitutes is grouped into, graphite phase, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) phase and molybdenumdisulphide tissue mutually, wherein, x:1.7～2.3, y:0.2～1.3, z:0.7～1.3.
18. a bearing material is that copper base sintered alloy constitutes by each described Cu-Ni-Sn in the claim 1～17.
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