CN101505612B - 淀粉直接模制 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包括可食淀粉的动物咬胶。本发明涉及一种模制动物咬胶的方法，其中将淀粉和其他添加剂直接引入注射模制机中，并模制为期望的形状。淀粉可包括发酵大豆产品、酶和/或辅酶。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求了2005年8月5日提交的美国发明专利申请No.11/198881的优先权，其公开的内容在此全部引入以作参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于可食淀粉的动物咬胶合成物的直接注射模制方法。可与添加剂量和水位一起对于包括料筒温度在内的工艺条件进行调节，以提供模制淀粉产品。淀粉可包括发酵大豆产品、酶和/或辅酶。
背景技术
大量现有公开文献涉及可食狗咬胶的发展，该可食狗咬胶是可消化的和/或有营养的，并具有可以单独调整为广泛适应多种狗的喜好或需要的结构。因此，关注涉及以示例性公开文献：美国专利61808161“Heat Modifiable Edible Dog Chew”；美国专利6159516“Method of Molding Edible Starch”；美国专利6126978“Edible Dog Chew”；美国专利6110521“Wheat and CaseinDog Chew with Modifiable Texture”；美国专利6093441“HeatModifiable Peanut Dog Chew”；美国专利6093427“Vegetable BasedDog Chew”；美国专利6086940“High Starch Content Dog Chew”；美国专利6067941“Animal Chew”；美国专利6056991“Turkey and RiceDog Chew With Modifiable Texture”；美国专利5941197“Carrot BasedDog Chew”；美国专利5827565“Process for Making an Edible DogChew”；美国专利5339771“Animal Chew Toy Containing AnimalMeal”；美国专利5240720“Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture”；美国专利5200212“Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture”。关注还涉及：美国专利6165474“Application for Patent for Nutriceutical Toy”；美国专利5419283“Animal Chew Toy of Starch Material and DegradableEthylene Copolymer”。这些公开文献提供了基于淀粉的模制合成物和模制方法的非限定性实施例。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中，本发明涉及一种用于在注射模制机中直接注射模制生淀粉以生产动物咬胶的方法。该注射模制机可包括螺杆、料筒和模子。生淀粉、水和可选的增塑剂可直接加入注射模制机的料筒中。淀粉、增塑剂和水可以在料筒中混合以形成淀粉合成物。然后可以形成淀粉合成物。淀粉可以包含发酵大豆产品、酶和/或辅酶。
附图说明
下面通过结合参考附图对本发明的实施例进行描述，在此示出本发明的特征和优点，其中：
图1示出注射模制机的一个优选实施例；
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种基于淀粉的可食动物咬胶合成物的直接注射模制方法。可将基于淀粉的合成物的添加剂可以直接加入注射模制机中，以在单个步骤中提供模制的基于淀粉的动物咬胶。
该淀粉合成物可包括任何源自天然或植物的碳水化合物。淀粉可包括直链淀粉和/或支链淀粉，并可从包括但不限于马铃薯、稻米、木薯、玉米和谷类(如黑麦、小麦和燕麦)的植物中提取。淀粉也可从水果、坚果和根茎，或者竹芋、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆、秘鲁胡萝卜、荞麦、香蕉、大麦、木薯、魔芋、野葛、酢浆草、西米、高粱、甘薯、芋头、洋芋、蚕豆、小扁豆和豌豆中提取。淀粉含量可在大约30-99％之间，包括之间全部的增量和值，例如超过大约50％、85％等的等级。
这里所使用的淀粉可以是生淀粉，该生淀粉可以理解是未经过预先热模制过程(如挤压或其他类型的熔化处理步骤)的淀粉。生淀粉本身也可以是天然的，可以理解是通过提取恢复原始形式并未通过物理或化学改性而获得的非改性淀粉。生淀粉也可以是颗粒大小变化的粉末状，可以理解是碾磨的和/或预筛的。应当理解生淀粉也可具有变化的含湿度。因此，应当理解这里所用到的关于注射模制的“直接”这一术语指的是，在注射模制之前未使淀粉经历预先热模制过程的淀粉模制。然而，举例来说，此处的淀粉可进行加热以使其干燥，这不等同于预先热模制过程。
淀粉合成物可包括纤维素。例如，该纤维素可以是多聚糖碳水化合物的长链聚合物。纤维素也可以从植物中衍生或提取。可以将纤维素并入淀粉合成物中，其重量占淀粉合成物重量的大约1-15％，以及之间的任意增量或值包括4％、10％、11％等。
乳化剂或者表面活性剂也可并入淀粉中。乳化剂可占淀粉合成物重量的大约1-10％，以及之间的全部增量或值包括3％、4％等。乳化剂可包括例如卵磷脂，其可从例如蛋黄或大豆中提取或衍生。
淀粉合成物也可包括增塑剂。增塑剂可包括例如甘油。可并入大约15-30％的增塑剂，包括之间的全部增量和值例如含量大于15％、21％、27％等。
湿润剂也可并入淀粉合成物中。湿润剂可包括例如燕麦纤维。可并入占淀粉合成物重量的大约0.1-5％的湿润剂，包括之间的全部增量和值，包括1％、25％等。湿润剂可理解为为材料中可吸水的任何添加剂。
淀粉合成物中也可包括水。所引入的水可占淀粉合成物重量的大约1-40％，包括之间的任意增量或值，包括4％、20-40％、10-20％等。在产品形成后，水可占淀粉合成物重量的大约1-20％，包括之间的全部增量或值，例如低于20％、4％、5-10％等。
淀粉合成物中也可包括营养素。所述营养素可以是发酵大豆。发酵大豆营养素可从Bio Food，Ltd.，Pine Brook，N.J.获得，其通用商标名是Soynatto
。发酵大豆占淀粉合成物重量的大约1-40％，包括之间的全部增量和值，包括10％、20％等。对Soynatto产品进行更具体地描述以包含下列与其它可获得的合成物的对比。
由上表可知，Soynatto
产品可以以发酵大豆的形式提供蛋白质、矿物质以及维生素。发酵过程可以给产品注入酿酒酵母，通常已知为“面包酵母”或“啤酒酵母”。酿酒酵母更加传统已知使存在于面粉或面团中的糖发酵，产生二氧化碳和酒精。因此，应当理解的是淀粉合成物中可存在一份蛋白质、一份或多份矿物质、一份或多份维生素以及酿酒酵母。
所述发酵大豆产品可包括增加浓缩的黄豆黄素、大豆甙元和染料木黄酮，据报导其含量比其它普通大豆食物多百分之几百。黄豆黄素、大豆甙元和染料木黄酮属于异黄酮类黄烷醇，由于其为包含类雌激素生物活性的植物衍生非类固醇化合物，所以可归类为植物雌激素。
本发明的描述中，发酵大豆产品的直接注射模制提供了关于最终模制形状的大豆产品活性方面的优点。具体地说，直接注射模制使得发酵大豆产品不会充分地降解，使发酵大豆产品的营养价值保持基本不变。
淀粉合成物也可包括酶和/或辅酶，它们同样可通过Bio Foods，Ltd.，Pine Brook，N.J.获得，其商标名是BT-CoQ10
。据报导，其为生物转变(发酵)细胞线粒体辅酶，且包含辅酶Q10、抗氧化剂、植物营养素和辅助矿质营养素以及其他细胞组分。酶和/或辅酶可占淀粉合成物重量的大约0.1-10％，包括之间的全部增量和值，例如1％、5％等。
据报导，酶Q10是一种脂溶性化合物，主要由身体合成，也在日常食物中消耗，并且线粒体ATP合成酶中需要该酶。发酵辅酶据报导也属于公知的辅酶Q化合物一族，其为两个同分异构环状晶体化合物C6H4O2(二氢苯的二酮衍生物)之一。其还起到细胞膜和脂蛋白中的抗氧化剂的作用。
合成物中也可加入其他添加剂。这些添加剂可包括蔬菜物质、水果物质、生牛皮、坚果、坚果块或坚果粉(如花生粉)，以及动物或鱼产品、副产品、粉或消化物，等等。淀粉合成物中也可结合麸质。麸质可理解为从粮谷(如玉米和小麦)提取的非水溶性蛋白质组。这些添加剂可单独或累计占淀粉合成物重量的0.1-50％，包括之间的全部增量和值，包括0.1％-5.0％，15％，25％等。
另外，食用香料、香草、香草浸液、维生素、矿物质、着色剂、发酵产品、大豆产品、引诱剂等等，均可加入淀粉合成物中。发酵产品可包括营养酵母或啤酒酵母(如酿酒酵母)、牛奶酵母(如马克斯克鲁维酵母)或者果酒酵母(如发酵酵母)。大豆产品可包括发酵大豆或其他大豆产品，如上表中所列。引诱剂可包括此处所列举的化合物，如动物或鱼消化物，或者淀粉合成物中其它可增加动物兴趣的化合物。这些添加剂可单独或累计占淀粉合成物重量的0.01-25％以及之间的任意增量和值，包括0.01％-0.5％，10％，20％等。合成物中也可包括碳酸钙。碳酸钙可占大约5-10％。
淀粉合成物的添加剂可通过一个送料斗或其他送料设备102直接加入注射模制机100的料筒中，如附图1中所示。用于将添加剂加入注射模制料斗中的多种送料设备可预期包括失重重力式计量混料器/送料器、螺旋送料器、文丘里装料机等等。本领域技术人员理解注射模制机100通常包含具有送料部分106、螺杆108和输出喷嘴110的料筒104。所述料筒104中可包括多个温度控制区112、114、116、118，所述多个温度控制区112、114、116、118从送料部分106延伸至喷嘴110。注射模制机可包括模子120，其具有一个或多个模腔122。所述注射模制机也可为排气式的(vented)，包括排气式料筒和/或排气式模子。
每个区的温度调节可以变化。例如，在一个示例性实施例中，模制机料筒可包括4个区，第一区112最靠近送料部分106，第四区118最靠近喷嘴110。第一区112可设置为低于大约华氏150度，其中包括大约华氏35至150度之间的任意增量或值，包括大约华氏46至150度、华氏46至70度等等。同样地，第二区114可设置为大约华氏70至150度，其中包括之间的任意增量或值，第三区116可设置为华氏50至300度，其中包括之间的任意增量或值，第四区118可设置为大约华氏200至375度，其中包括之间的任意增量或值。喷嘴110可设置为大约华氏250至390度，其中包括之间的任意增量或值。模子120内的衬套124可设置为大约华氏250至425度，其中包括之间的任意增量或值，模子120也可设置为大约华氏35至65度，其中包括之间的任意增量或值。
一旦在模制机100的料筒104中加入添加剂，随着螺杆108向模子120运送材料，添加剂可以进行混合，模子120为形成淀粉合成物之处。模子120可冷却淀粉合成物。一旦模制并发生排气，淀粉合成物可包括的水占淀粉合成物重量的大约1-20％，包括之间的全部增量或值，如10％、15％等等。淀粉合成物可塑型成为能够在注射模制腔中制造的任何形状。
前面的描述详细阐述和解释了本发明。然而，上文的描述不应当认为限制了所附权利要求限定的本发明保护范围。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于在包括螺杆、料筒和模子的注射模制机中直接注射模制生淀粉以生产动物咬胶的方法，包括：
将合成物的成分直接引入注射模制机的排气式料筒中，所述螺杆向所述模子运送材料，所述合成物的所述成分包括未经过包括挤压和熔化处理步骤的预先热模制过程的生淀粉、增塑剂和水，其中所述生淀粉含量大于等于合成物的重量的30％，所述水含量为合成物的重量的1-40％，所述增塑剂含量大于等于合成物的重量的15％；其中所述生淀粉是通过提取恢复原始形式并未通过物理或化学改性而获得的非改性淀粉，
将一种或多种添加剂直接引入注射模制机的排气式料筒中，所述添加剂选自由乳化剂、表面活性剂、湿润剂、营养素、酶和/或辅酶、蔬菜物质、水果物质、生牛皮、坚果、动物产品、麸质、食用香料、着色剂、发酵产品、大豆产品、引诱剂构成的组；
将所述成分和所述添加剂在所述料筒中混合以制成所述合成物；
将所述合成物在所述模子中形成模制形状。
2.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述增塑剂包括甘油。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述乳化剂包括卵磷脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述营养素包括发酵大豆产品。
5.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述料筒进一步包括送料部分和喷嘴，所述料筒中包括多个从所述送料部分延伸至所述喷嘴的温度控制区。
6.根据权利要求5所述方法，其特征在于，邻近所述送料部分的所述料筒的温度被保持在低于华氏150度。
7.根据权利要求5所述方法，其特征在于，所述料筒中的所述多个温度控制区的温度被设置在下列温度范围内：
第一区设置在华氏35至150度之间；
第二区设置在华氏70至150度之间；
第三区设置在华氏50至300度之间；以及
第四区设置在华氏200至375度之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述模子的温度设置在华氏35至65度之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述模子包括衬套，所述衬套的温度设置在华氏250至425度之间。
10.根据权利要求5所述方法，其特征在于，所述喷嘴的温度设置在华氏250至390度之间。
11.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述模子为排气式的。
12.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述营养素包括维生素、矿物质。
13.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述动物产品包括动物副产品。
14.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述动物产品包括动物消化物、动物粉。
15.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述动物产品包括鱼产品。
16.根据权利要求15所述方法，其特征在于，所述鱼产品包括鱼副产品。
17.根据权利要求15所述方法，其特征在于，所述鱼产品包括鱼消化物、鱼粉。
18.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述坚果包括坚果块、坚果粉。
19.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述食用香料包括香草。
20.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述食用香料包括香草浸液。
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- 2006-08-04 AU AU2006278387A patent/AU2006278387B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2618400C (en) | 2013-10-01 |
| CN101505612A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
| US20070031555A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
| EP1916909A4 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
| WO2007019407A2 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| EP1916909B1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| AU2006278387B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
| EP1916909A2 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
| WO2007019407A3 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
| AU2006278387A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| CA2618400A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
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