CN101504316A - Color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system and method - Google Patents

Color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101504316A
CN101504316A CNA2008102397212A CN200810239721A CN101504316A CN 101504316 A CN101504316 A CN 101504316A CN A2008102397212 A CNA2008102397212 A CN A2008102397212A CN 200810239721 A CN200810239721 A CN 200810239721A CN 101504316 A CN101504316 A CN 101504316A
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imaging
scanning
window
optical filter
color filter
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CN101504316B (en
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廖宁放
崔德琪
赵达尊
吴文敏
楚建军
田立勋
谭博能
曹玮亮
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

The invention relates to a tuning window-scanning spectral imaging system for a light filter and a tuning window-scanning spectral imaging method for the light filter, and belongs to the field of spectral imaging. The invention is to add a scanning system into a tuning static spectral imaging system for the light filter to make the tuning window-scanning spectral imaging system capable of performing dynamic window-scanning imaging. Moreover, the invention adopts a data acquisition processing system which is matched with the scanning system to make the tuning window-scanning spectral imaging system be capable of completing data processing in the mode of window scanning and output correct spectral cubical result. The invention has high utilization rate of light energy, high spectral resolution and flexible and adjustable service band of spectrums, has both the image signal-to-noise ratio and the spectrum signal-to-noise ratio easy to reach high level, can only be operated in interested wavebands, reduces the data quantity, increases the regulating range of the integral time, can improve the detection level of weak signals, and is suitable to be widely applied in the fields of agricultural production, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention and reduction, substance identification, public safety and the like.

Description

Color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system and method, particularly its window is swept mode of operation (window is swept mode of operation, refers to have under the state of one dimension relative motion in target and instrument, carries out continuous two-dimensional imaging.Because as a window, sweep so custom is called window in the two-dimensional imaging zone), belong to the light spectrum image-forming field.
Background technology
Imaging spectrometer is the combination of imaging technique and spectral technique, its optical system generally is made up of imaging optical system and spectrometer system, and the light splitting technology that spectrometer system adopts directly affects the complexity, weight and volume of performance, the structure of whole imaging spectrometer etc.The spectrum light-splitting method of imaging spectral instrument mainly contains the optical filter type, prism, grating dispersion type and Fourier transform interfere type.Wherein, the optical filter type can be divided into traditional monochromatic filter formula and tunable optical filtering chip; Interfere type can be divided into again two kinds of slit and no slits.At present, the various principles of more than enumerating all can not satisfy the characteristics that window is swept the imaging mode of operation and had high spectral resolution, high multiband number, band selection flexibly, high light flux concurrently simultaneously.Below describe in detail respectively:
1, traditional monochromatic filter wave band is single, belongs to the principle of early using, and is difficult to reach the high band number.Chinese patent 200520040206.3 has been introduced the application of narrow band pass filter multidetector formation multispectral imaging, though it can be applied to light spectrum image-forming, knock off skill and structural limitations port number are less, and effectively the spectral band number is few, and wavelength is selected fixing, and is unadjustable.
2, tunable optical filtering chip imaging spectrometer adopts the ordinary two dimensional imaging system, and the spectral resolution height is on equal spectral resolution level, higher to the efficiency of light energy utilization.In addition, it is adjustable flexibly also to have a wave band, the characteristics of high band number.But unique shortcoming is that its principle of work only can be applicable to static mode of operation at present, can't satisfy the window of instrument and sweep application demand.Patent aspect at home and abroad, United States Patent (USP) 5216484 has been introduced acousto-optic tunable optical filtering chip quiescent imaging spectrum, but does not have the ability of working under window is swept pattern; United States Patent (USP) 6734962,6917423,7084972, Chinese patent 02290194.9 have been introduced the application of color filter tuning type imaging spectrometer aspect static micro-imaging, are quiescent operation equally, do not have window and sweep ability to work.
3, prism, grating dispersion type and have in the optical system of slit interfere type and all need slit, therefore the light signal strength that reaches detector more weak, has certain limitation aspect high light flux.Use for low-light (level), when particularly on the Aero-Space remote sensor, using, be subjected to the restriction of optical system and detector performance, relatively poor to the weak signal detectivity.
4, for no slit interfere type, in its data processing link, need recombinate to interferogram, because the Fourier transform processing that interference fringe is carried out is a phase sensitive, so the random phase errors of introducing during data recombination can cause reconstruction spectrum and have a strong impact on, and is difficult for reconstructing real spectrum.
In sum, except that the color filter tuning type imaging spectrometer, other principle all differs from one another, but all can not realize having concurrently the characteristics of high spectral resolution, high multiband number, band selection flexibly, high light flux.Though and for the more existing application processes of color filter tuning type imaging spectrometer, but all be to be applied in medical science or the static staring imaging field such as micro-, be that observed object is relative with instrument static,, gather the image of different-waveband at different time by regulating optical filter centre wavelength.Up to now, Shang Wuqi sweeps the document evidence of pattern work at dynamic window.
Summary of the invention
To the objective of the invention is the problem that realizes high spectral resolution, high multiband number, band selection flexibly, high light flux and window scanning optical spectrum imaging simultaneously in order solving, and to have proposed a kind of color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system and method.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
Color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system of the present invention and method, the imaging spectrometer of realizing this method comprises imaging optical system, focus planardetector, tunable optical filter, optical filter driver, data acquisition processing system, control system and scanning system, wherein:
Imaging optical system, its function are to make incident ray imaging on focus planardetector.It generally comprises preposition optical system and rearmounted optical system two parts.Preposition optical system is a lot of to the effect of looking in the distance, and rearmounted optical system is then mainly in order to be imaged on clear picture on the focus planardetector;
Focus planardetector, its function are to receive two-dimentional light signal, and carry out opto-electronic conversion;
Tunable optical filter, its function are that incident light is carried out narrow-band filtering;
Optical filter driver focus planardetector is regulated the tunable optical filter of control, changes it and sees through wavelength;
Data acquisition processing system, its function are the electric image signal of gathering focus planardetector output, and the line data of going forward side by side reorganization is handled, with output spectrum image cube;
Control system, its function are gated sweep system, optical filter driver and data acquisition processing system synchronous working;
Scanning system, its function are to make target incident ray and imaging spectrometer have relative motion, finish window and sweep work.
Principle of work of the present invention is: add scanning system in color filter tuning type static light spectrum imaging system, make it to carry out dynamic window and sweep imaging.And employing and the supporting data acquisition processing system of scanning system, make it and can under window is swept pattern, finish processing, export correct spectrum cube result.
Color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system method of the present invention is meant: when window is swept imaging, the instant scanning image-region generally all is a two-dimensional space, each object point wherein is after arriving detector by tunable optical filter, detector will be exported the strength information of this point, and this pixel will record in this wave band images acquired at the spectral information of current wave band representative.Because of optical filter is time dependent by the tuning of wave band, so the different image that will note different-waveband constantly; And in the inswept journey of window, because of there are relative motion in incident ray and imaging spectrometer, the different impact point information that constantly collect also are different in the position on image xy plane, and the pixel position of corresponding same impact point becomes one dimension to arrange among each wave band figure, as shown in Figure 2, T 1Constantly write down wave band 1, T 2Constantly write down wave band 2 ..., T nConstantly write down wave band n; Because the relative motion of target and imaging spectrometer, the pixel position of corresponding same impact point exists along the opposite displacement of direction of motion among the feasible different wave band figure constantly, so, the image that collects is carried out contrary direction of motion extraction reorganization can obtain correct image cube.Wherein, define as shown in Figure 3 in the image cube, the xy plane is the space dimensional plane of target image, and the λ dimension is the spectrum dimension.So each pixel in the cube is just represented the spectral information of this impact point at this wavelength.
Beneficial effect
1, color filter tuning type window of the present invention is swept imaging spectrometer and method had both had the spectral resolution height, can realize dozens of and even up to a hundred arrowband wave band filtering, and can make full use of the advantage that window is swept the pattern high light flux, can satisfy the job requirement that dynamic window is swept again, application advantage is obvious, is particularly reaching higher level aspect image and the spectral signal-noise ratio easily.
2, color filter tuning type window of the present invention is swept imaging spectrometer and other imaging spectrometer that has occurred of method and imaging spectral field and method and is compared and also have flexibly adjustable characteristics of spectrum channel, can be only at some certain spectral imaging according to the specific use needs.Can bring two aspect advantages in this case: on the one hand, under the same conditions, the range of adjustment of single band image integration time increases, and can improve the detection level to feeble signal; On the other hand, unwanted wave band is not carried out imaging, can reduce the processing pressure of data acquisition, processing and transmission system.
3, tunable optical filter imaging spectrum system is simple in structure, and has solved present imaging spectrometer and can not take into account the problem that high spectral resolution, high multiband number, band selection flexibly, high light flux characteristics and window are swept imaging work, more easily promotes instrument performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1-be system chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2-be scanning system of the present invention and data acquisition processing system mode of operation synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3-be the cubical definition synoptic diagram of data processed result image of the present invention;
Fig. 4-be the Lyot wave plate structural drawing of liquid crystal tunable optical filter in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5-be the narrow-band filtering principle schematic of liquid crystal tunable optical filter in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6-be that platform of the present invention carries synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7-be scanister synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8-be the system in combination block diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9-be the data processed result wave band figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10-sweep mode of operation (space-to-ground) for color filter tuning synchronous window of the present invention;
Figure 11-sweep mode of operation (ground is to ground) for color filter tuning synchronous window of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The tunable optical filter that uses among the present invention can have multiple choices, as liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF (Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter), acousto-optic tunable filter AOTF (Acoustic-OpticTunable Filter), magneto-optic is tunable optical filter MOTF (Magneto-Optical Tunable Filter).
Be example with liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF below, introduce the Principles of Regulation of color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system and method.LCTF is by the unit cascaded formation of some Leos (Lyot) wave plate, and as shown in Figure 4, it comprises polaroid, quartz, liquid crystal, constitutes phase delay chip.
By birefringence effect as can be known, when natural light passed through the Lyot wave plate, the phase delay that o light and e light produce was
Figure A200810239721D00071
In the formula, Γ=d Δ n is the optical path difference that o light and e light produce.Therefore for single group Lyot wave plate, as can be known
Γ AlwaysLiquid crystal+ Γ Quartzy
Its spectral-transmission favtor is
T 1 = I 1 I 0 = 0.5 ( 1 + cos δ )
= 0.5 [ 1 + cos ( 2 πdΔn / λ ) ]
Therefore, general LCTF uses the Lyot wave plate structure of many groups (as 6 groups) cascade, as shown in Figure 4.
Wherein, Γ N+1=2 Γ n, promptly the optical path difference of any one Lyot wave plate unit is the twice of its previous element optical path difference in the structure.Light by the spectral-transmission favtor of first Lyot unit is
T 1 = I 1 I 0 = 0.5 ( 1 + cos δ )
= 0.5 [ 1 + cos ( 2 πdΔn / λ ) ]
In the formula, I is the light intensity vector.Because Γ N+1=2 Γ n, so
T 2 = I 2 I 1 = 0.5 ( 1 + cos 2 δ )
T 3 = I 3 I 2 = 0.5 ( 1 + cos 4 δ )
In like manner, can get T 4, T 5, T 6
T Always=T 1* T 2* ... * T n
Work as T=1, i.e. (m round numbers) during m λ=Δ nd, wavelength is in the selected output of the wave band at λ place.Therefore, LCTF can be automatically controlled tuning in the visible near-infrared scope of very wide wave band.By changing size to voltage that liquid crystal applies, respectively the phase place of wavelength is modulated, select the output area of wave band, lock other wavelength simultaneously, thereby realize dynamic modulation optical filter, obtain high-precision narrow ripple output; As shown in Figure 5, wherein, horizontal ordinate is a wavelength direction, and ordinate is a reference amplitude, and Stage1-Stage6 represents that respectively ripple passes through the transmissivity of wave plate 1-wave plate 6; Near the 550nm wave band interferes reinforcement to obtain output, and other wave band is then cancelled out each other, and is locked by optical filter; Be applied to voltage on the liquid crystal by change, thereby change Δ n, can reach the purpose of selecting different-waveband output.
Scanning system of the present invention can be divided into two big class modes again and implement: carry or use scanister by platform.
Platform carries can two kinds of implementation methods, and its principle as shown in Figure 6.Wherein, a) imaging spectrometer is fixed on the translation platform,,, drives imaging spectrometer and finish scanning motion by the parallel motion of platform as satellite, aircraft; B) imaging spectrometer is fixed on the rotatable platform,,, drives imaging spectrometer and finish scanning motion by rotatablely moving of platform as rotation platform.
The scanister principle adds the pendulum mirror at imaging spectrometer imaging optical system front end as shown in Figure 7, changes over image optical system entrance pupil visual field by the rotation of putting mirror, finishes scanning motion.
Embodiment
According to the specific design needs, it is available that system architecture of the present invention has three kinds of embodiments, as shown in Figure 8, wherein (a) is tunable optical filter preposition structure, and tunable optical filter preposition structure refers to tunable optical filter is placed on imaging optical system entrance pupil front end.(b) be interposed structure in the tunable optical filter, tunable optical filter is inserted in the imaging optical system near the diaphragm; (c) be interposed structure behind the tunable optical filter, tunable optical filter is placed on imaging optical system emergent pupil rear end, focus planardetector front end; Insufficient space in imaging optical system when being unfavorable for inserting tunable optical filter filtering system, can adopt (a) scheme.
Tunable optical filter preposition structure image-forming principle is as follows, as shown in Figure 1, color filter tuning type window of the present invention is swept imaging spectrometer, comprise imaging optical system, focus planardetector, tunable optical filter, optical filter driver, data acquisition processing system, control system and scanning system, wherein, imaging optical system comprises preposition optical system and rearmounted optical system.Target light at first enters tunable optical filter, and tunable optical filter passband width under 500nm arrowband duty is 7nm, can play the effect to the incident light narrow-band filtering, is single band imaging signal through filtered light signal; Single band imaging signal then enters front end optical system, and outgoing is after arrive imaging (the focus planardetector pixel size is 18um) on the focus planardetector image planes after putting optical system later.At this moment, focus planardetector carries out opto-electronic conversion to it, then the two dimensional image electric signal is exported, and is recombinated by data acquisition processing system and handles and output, so far, finishes the collecting work of a wave band data.
Control system is according to the speed of related movement 180um/s of image planes on focus planardetector of target in the inswept journey of window (the inswept journey embodiment of window sees below), send wave band and adjust signal to the optical filter driver, the driver control liquid crystal is tuning, tunable optical filter is operated under the 507nm wavelength state, continue foregoing imaging acquisition process process, then can finish the collecting work of another wave band data; In like manner, so periodic duty just can be finished the collecting work of imaging spectrometer data cube; After reorganization, obtain correct data cube volume data, as shown in Figure 9.
The mid-structure imaging principle of tunable optical filter is as follows, as shown in Figure 1, color filter tuning type window of the present invention is swept imaging spectrometer, comprise imaging optical system, focus planardetector, tunable optical filter, optical filter driver, data acquisition processing system, control system and scanning system, wherein, imaging optical system comprises preposition optical system and rearmounted optical system.Target light is entered by front end optical system, arrive tunable optical filter after the outgoing, tunable optical filter passband width under 500nm arrowband duty is 7nm, can play the effect to the incident light narrow-band filtering, is single band imaging signal through filtered light signal; This signal is through arriving imaging (the focus planardetector pixel size is 18um) on the focus planardetector image planes after the rearmounted optical system.At this moment, focus planardetector carries out opto-electronic conversion to it, then the two dimensional image electric signal is exported, and is recombinated by data acquisition processing system and handles and output, so far, finishes the collecting work of a wave band data.
Control system is according to the speed of related movement 180um/s of image planes on focus planardetector of target in the inswept journey of window (the inswept journey embodiment of window sees below), send wave band and adjust signal to the optical filter driver, the driver control liquid crystal is tuning, tunable optical filter is operated under the 507nm wavelength state, continue foregoing imaging acquisition process process, then can finish the collecting work of another wave band data; In like manner, so periodic duty just can be finished the collecting work of imaging spectrometer data cube; After reorganization, obtain correct data cube volume data, with tunable optical filter preposition structure result.
The rearmounted structure imaging principle of tunable optical filter is as follows, as shown in Figure 1, color filter tuning type window of the present invention is swept imaging spectrometer, comprise imaging optical system, focus planardetector, tunable optical filter, optical filter driver, data acquisition processing system, control system and scanning system, wherein, imaging optical system comprises preposition optical system and rearmounted optical system.Target light at first enters front end optical system, outgoing is after enter tunable optical filter after putting optical system later, tunable optical filter passband width under 500nm arrowband duty is 7nm, can play the effect to the incident light narrow-band filtering, be exactly a single band imaging signal through filtered light signal; Then, single band imaging signal arrives imaging (the focus planardetector pixel size is 18um) on the focus planardetector image planes.At this moment, focus planardetector carries out opto-electronic conversion to it, then the two dimensional image electric signal is exported, and is recombinated by data acquisition processing system and handles and output, so far, finishes the collecting work of a wave band data.
Control system is according to the speed of related movement 180um/s of image planes on focus planardetector of target in the inswept journey of window (the inswept journey embodiment of window sees below), send wave band and adjust signal to the optical filter driver, the driver control liquid crystal is tuning, tunable optical filter is operated under the 507nm wavelength state, continue foregoing imaging acquisition process process, then can finish the collecting work of another wave band data; In like manner, so periodic duty just can be finished the collecting work of imaging spectrometer data cube; After reorganization, obtain correct data cube volume data, with tunable optical filter preposition structure result.
The present invention can use two kinds of windows to sweep mode of operation, is respectively that space-to-ground observation and ground are to ground observation.Wherein, the space-to-ground observation process can be used dynamic window of the present invention and sweep in the principle of work platform and carry implementation method and realize that a) promptly the imaging spectrometer is fixed on the translation platform, shown in Fig. 3 (a).Be that example describes below with the satellite platform, satellite orbital altitude 680km, the polar region near-circular orbit, when the target being observed transfixion of ground, satellite platform orbits the earth along the one dimension directional ring, the while imaging spectrometer carries out window to ground and sweeps imaging, carry out the imaging of different-waveband at different time, as 0s imaging constantly wave band 500nm, 0.1s imaging constantly wave band 507nm, 1s imaging constantly wave band 570nm, as shown in figure 10.
Ground can be used dynamic window of the present invention to the ground observation process and be swept platform lift-launch implementation method b in the principle of work) be that the imaging spectrometer is fixed on the rotatable platform, perhaps scanning system realizes.Illustrate respectively below:
1) imaging spectrometer is fixed on the rotatable platform, shown in Fig. 3 (b), at this moment, observed object is static, and rotatable platform and target do not have relative displacement, and imaging spectrometer instantaneous field of view angle IFOV is 0.2mrad, the rotatable platform rotating speed is 2mrad/s, when platform rotated, imaging spectrometer carried out window to target and sweeps imaging, carries out the imaging of different-waveband at different time, as 0s imaging constantly wave band 500nm, 0.1s the wave band of imaging constantly 507nm, 1s imaging constantly wave band 570nm, as shown in figure 11.
2) use scanning system to realize, as shown in Figure 4, at this moment, observed object is static, and rotatable platform and target do not have relative displacement, and imaging spectrometer instantaneous field of view angle IFOV is 0.2mrad, add the pendulum mirror before the imaging spectrometer optical system, pendulum mirror velocity of rotation is 2mrad/s, and when the pendulum mirror rotated, imaging spectrometer carried out window to target and sweeps imaging, carry out the imaging of different-waveband at different time, as 0s imaging constantly wave band 500nm, 0.1s imaging constantly wave band 507nm, 1s imaging constantly wave band 570nm.

Claims (7)

1. color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system realizes that the system of this method comprises imaging optical system, tunable optical filter, focus planardetector, optical filter driver, data acquisition processing system and control system; It is characterized in that: also comprise scanning system, be used to finish window and sweep work;
This scanning system and imaging optical system, tunable optical filter, focus planardetector, optical filter driver, data acquisition processing system and control system combine the realization window and sweep mode of operation;
In the quiescent operation system of color filter tuning type imaging spectrometer, add scanning system, make it to carry out dynamic window and sweep imaging; And employing and the supporting data acquisition processing system of scanning system, make it and can under window is swept pattern, finish processing, export correct spectrum cube result.
2. color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: tunable optical filter is the narrow-band spectrum wave filter, can use liquid crystal tunable optical filter, acousto-optic tunable filter, the tunable optical filter of magneto-optic.
3. color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is selective that scanning system can be divided into two big class modes: carry or use scanister by platform;
Platform carries can two kinds of implementation methods: one, imaging spectrometer is fixed on the translation platform, and as satellite, aircraft,, drive imaging spectrometer and finish scanning motion by the parallel motion of platform; Its two, imaging spectrometer is fixed on the rotatable platform, as rotation platform,, drive imaging spectrometer and finish scanning motion by rotatablely moving of platform;
Scanister is meant at imaging spectrometer imaging optical system front end and adds the pendulum mirror, changes over image optical system entrance pupil visual field by the rotation of putting mirror, finishes scanning motion.
4. color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the total system structure comprises three kinds of implementations:
Tunable optical filter preposition structure, tunable optical filter preposition structure refer to tunable optical filter is placed on imaging optical system entrance pupil front end;
Interposed structure in the tunable optical filter, tunable optical filter are inserted in the imaging optical system near the diaphragm;
Interposed structure behind the tunable optical filter, tunable optical filter are placed on imaging optical system emergent pupil rear end, focus planardetector front end.
5, color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum formation method, it is characterized in that: when window is swept imaging, the instant scanning image-region generally all is a two-dimensional space, each object point wherein can be exported the strength information of this point after arriving focus planardetector by tunable optical filter, this pixel will record in this wave band images acquired at the spectral information of current wave band representative; Because optical filter is time dependent by the tuning of wave band, so the different image that will note different-waveband constantly; And in the inswept journey of window, because of there are relative motion in incident ray and imaging spectrometer, the different impact point information that constantly collect also are different in the position on image xy plane, and the pixel position of corresponding same impact point becomes one dimension to arrange T among each wave band figure 1Constantly write down wave band 1, T 2Constantly write down wave band 2 ..., T nConstantly write down wave band n; Because the relative motion of target and imaging spectrometer, the pixel position of corresponding same impact point exists along the opposite displacement of direction of motion among the feasible different wave band figure constantly, so, the image that collects is carried out contrary direction of motion extraction reorganization can obtain correct image cube.
6. color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system as claimed in claim 5 and method is characterized in that: the color filter tuning synchronous window is swept mode of operation for when the dynamic tuning optical filter is selected wavelength, carries out window synchronously and sweeps collecting work.
7. color filter tuning type window scanning optical spectrum imaging system as claimed in claim 5 and method is characterized in that: the color filter tuning synchronous window is swept mode of operation and is comprised air to surface observed pattern and observed pattern ground-to-ground.
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