CN111077338B - High-time-resolution medium-high atmosphere wind field measurement interferometer system for foundation - Google Patents
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- CN111077338B CN111077338B CN201911386116.2A CN201911386116A CN111077338B CN 111077338 B CN111077338 B CN 111077338B CN 201911386116 A CN201911386116 A CN 201911386116A CN 111077338 B CN111077338 B CN 111077338B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/001—Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-time-resolution interferometer system for measuring a high-rise atmospheric wind field in a foundation, which mainly solves the problem of low observation efficiency of the existing interferometer for measuring the high-rise atmospheric wind field in the foundation. The system comprises a first space scanning mechanism, a second space scanning mechanism, a first telescope, a second telescope, a zenith telescope, a field coupling component, a calibration module, an interferometer component, a color separation imaging component and a detector; the field coupling assembly is positioned on the emergent light paths of the first telescope, the second telescope and the zenith telescope, couples the field beams of the first telescope, the second telescope and the zenith telescope together and transmits the field beams into the interferometer assembly; the calibration module is positioned between the field coupling assembly and the interferometer assembly and used for providing a standard spectral line with the wavelength close to that of the observation spectral line; the interferometer assembly modulates the incident spectral radiation to produce an interferogram; the color separation imaging component comprises a wedge-shaped dichroic mirror and a mosaic filter which are sequentially arranged along the light path.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foundation interferometer system, in particular to a high-time-resolution foundation middle and upper atmosphere wind field measurement interferometer system which can realize high-time-resolution middle and upper atmosphere wind field measurement on the ground.
Background
The principle of the high-rise atmospheric wind field in the measurement of the ground interferometer is as follows: and (3) inverting the movement speed information of the atmosphere by utilizing Doppler frequency shift through observing middle and upper atmosphere component emission spectral lines. The earth atmosphere components are excited to a higher energy level after directly or indirectly absorbing solar electromagnetic radiation energy, and photons with a certain frequency are released when the earth atmosphere components are transited from the higher energy level to a lower energy level, so that weak light radiation is formed, and different energy level transitions correspond to spectral lines with different wavelengths. When these atmospheric components move with the atmosphere, the airglow spectrum will shift in frequency relative to the ground-based anemometry interferometer. According to the Doppler effect, when a transmitting object moves towards the observation direction, the observed central frequency of a spectral line moves towards the short wave direction; when moving away from the observation direction, the center frequency of the observed spectral line will shift toward the long wave direction. The amount of Doppler shift depends on the eigenfrequency σ of the spectral line0And the motion velocity v of the emission source, as shown in formula (1), where Δ σ is the Doppler frequency shift amount, σ0The eigenfrequency of the airglow spectral line when the speed v is 0m/s, and c is the speed of light;
Δσ＝σ0·v/c (1)
doppler differential interference spectrometers for atmospheric wind field detection invert atmospheric wind speed information primarily by detecting interference fringe phase changes, Doppler asymmetric spatial and iterative spectroscopy (DASH) concept and applied OPTICS Vol.46, No.29, pp7297,2007, the theoretical expression of the interference curve is:
wherein I (x) isIntensity of interferogram, B (σ) is spectral intensity, σ0Is the eigenwave number, σ, at a wind speed of 0LIs Littrow wave number, thetaLIs a Littrow angle, x is the corresponding position of the detector, and delta d is the asymmetry of the interferometer; when the incident line introduces a Doppler shift due to wind velocity v, the center wavenumber of the line becomes:
the above formula (1) becomes:
as can be seen from the equations (1) and (2), the following relationship exists at the position where x is 0 in the interferogram sampling center:
as above, an atmospheric wind speed measurement method based on a doppler differential interference spectroscopy technique has been proposed.
The ground wind measurement interferometer mainly uses OI630nm and OI557.7nm as detection sources to realize the detection of 250km and 90km high wind fields, the meridional and latitudinal wind vector data are obtained by measuring five azimuths of the zenith, southeast, northwest and oblique directions, the azimuth observation is mainly realized by a sky scanning mirror, firstly two channels need to work in series, secondly, single field scanning needs 5 times to scan 5 azimuths, so the observation efficiency is low, the existing ground wind measurement interferometer needs 40min for finishing the measurement accumulation of the two channel wind fields, and if the calibration and the time are added, the time of one observation period is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low observation efficiency of the existing ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer, and provides a high-time-resolution ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-time-resolution interferometer system for measuring a high-rise atmospheric wind field in a foundation comprises a first space scanning mechanism, a second space scanning mechanism, a first telescope, a second telescope, a zenith telescope, a field coupling assembly, a calibration module, an interferometer assembly, a color separation imaging assembly and a detector; the first space scanning mechanism is positioned on an incident light path of the first telescope, and is provided with a first reflector for reflecting light beams in different directions to the first telescope; the second space scanning mechanism is positioned on an incident light path of the second telescope, and a second reflecting mirror is arranged on the second space scanning mechanism and used for reflecting light beams in different directions to the second telescope; the field coupling assembly is positioned on the emergent light paths of the first telescope, the second telescope and the zenith telescope, couples field beams of the first telescope, the second telescope and the zenith telescope together and transmits the field beams into the interferometer assembly; the calibration module is positioned between the view field coupling assembly and the interferometer assembly and comprises a calibration light source, a first collimating mirror and a semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged, and light beams emitted by the calibration light source are reflected into the interferometer assembly after passing through the first collimating mirror and the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting mirror and are used for providing standard spectral lines with wavelengths close to those of observed spectral lines; the interferometer assembly modulates incident spectral radiation to produce an interferogram; the color separation imaging component comprises a wedge dichroic mirror and a mosaic filter which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and images an interference pattern generated by the interferometer component onto the detector.
Further, a first imaging mirror is arranged on an optical path between the wedge dichroic mirror and the mosaic filter.
Further, a second imaging mirror is arranged on an optical path between the interferometer assembly and the color separation imaging assembly.
Further, the calibration light source is Kr and Ne inert gas atomic discharge lamp.
Further, a second collimating mirror is arranged on a light path between the field coupling assembly and the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror.
Further, a relay imaging mirror is arranged on a light path between the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror and the interferometer component.
Further, the field coupling assembly comprises a first field coupling mirror, a second field coupling mirror and a zenith diaphragm.
Further, the transflective mirror has a transmittance and reflectance of 90: 10.
further, the detector is a CCD or a CMOS.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a high-time-resolution ground medium and high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system, which has the characteristics of simultaneous observation of two wave bands and three view fields and synchronous phase calibration monitoring through the principle advantages of a Doppler differential interferometer, the observation efficiency is improved by 4.5 times, and a complete observation period is less than 10 min.
2. The system adopts a front system structure of three groups of telescopes and a coupling relay imaging lens, and has simple structure and convenient measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the interferometer system for measuring the high-time-resolution medium-high atmospheric wind field in the foundation.
Reference numerals: 1-a first reflector, 2-a second reflector, 3-a first telescope, 4-a second telescope, 5-a zenith telescope, 6-a field coupling component, 7-a calibration module, 8-an interferometer component, 9-a color separation imaging component, 10-a detector, 11-a first imaging mirror, 12-a second imaging mirror, 13-a second collimating mirror, 14-a relay imaging mirror, 61-a first field coupling mirror, 62-a second field coupling mirror, 71-a calibration light source, 72-a first collimating mirror, 73-a dichroic mirror, 91-a wedge, 92-a mosaic filter.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
The invention provides a high-time-resolution ground middle and upper atmosphere wind field measurement interferometer system, which is an interferometer system based on a Doppler difference interferometer and provided with three observation view fields and capable of simultaneously measuring signals of 557.7nm and 630nm channels.
The invention provides a high-time-resolution ground medium-high atmosphere wind field measurement interferometer system which comprises a first space scanning mechanism, a second space scanning mechanism, a first telescope 3, a second telescope 4, a zenith telescope 5, a view field coupling assembly 6, a calibration module 7, an interferometer assembly 8, a color separation imaging assembly 9 and a detector 10, wherein the detector 10 can be a CCD or a CMOS.
The first space scanning mechanism is positioned on an incident light path of the first telescope 3, and is provided with a first reflector 1 for reflecting light beams in different directions to the first telescope 3; the second space scanning mechanism is positioned on an incident light path of the second telescope 4, and the second space scanning mechanism is provided with a second reflecting mirror 2 for reflecting light beams in different directions to the second telescope 4. The field coupling assembly 6 is positioned on the emergent light path of the first telescope 3, the second telescope 4 and the zenith telescope 5, couples the field beams of the first telescope 3, the second telescope 4 and the zenith telescope 5 together and transmits the field beams into the interferometer assembly 8.
The calibration module 7 is located between the field-of-view coupling assembly 6 and the interferometer assembly 8, and comprises a calibration light source 71, a first collimating mirror 72 and a half-mirror 73, which are sequentially arranged, wherein the transmittance-reflectance ratio of the half-mirror 73 is 90: 10, reflecting a light beam emitted by the calibration light source 71 into the interferometer assembly 8 after passing through the first collimating mirror 72 and the half-mirror 73, and providing a standard spectral line with a wavelength close to that of an observation spectral line; the interferometer assembly 8 modulates the incident spectral radiation to produce an interferogram; the dichroic imaging assembly 9 includes a wedge dichroic mirror 91, a first imaging mirror 11, and a mosaic filter 92, which are sequentially disposed along the optical path, and images the interference pattern generated by the interferometer assembly 8 onto the detector 10. A second imaging mirror 12 is arranged on the light path between the interferometer assembly 8 and the color separation imaging assembly 9, a second collimating mirror 13 is arranged on the light path between the field coupling assembly 6 and the half mirror 73, and a relay imaging mirror 14 is arranged on the light path between the half mirror 73 and the interferometer assembly 8.
The system work flow is as follows: the two space scanning mechanisms and the telescope collect the airglow spectrum radiation of atoms of 557.7nm and 630nm in the atmosphere with the heights of 90km and 250km in three observation visual fields into the system at the same time, the visual field coupling assembly 6 couples and inputs two oblique visual fields and a zenith visual field into the interferometer assembly 8, the calibration light source 71 is introduced into the relay imaging mirror 14, the calibration light source 71 provides a standard spectral line with the wavelength close to that of the observation spectral line, and the interferometer assembly 8 modulates the incident spectral radiation to generate an interference pattern and images the interference pattern on the area array CCD detector through the color separation imaging assembly 9.
The components of the system of the present invention are described in detail below.
The first scanning mechanism and the second scanning mechanism are used for enabling the visual axis of the telescope to point to different sky directions, the first scanning mechanism and the second scanning mechanism are completely the same in structure, each scanning mechanism consists of two shafts, synchronous control is adopted, two working modes of simultaneously pointing to east and west respectively and simultaneously pointing to south and north respectively are adopted, a controller is connected with a main control computer, the telescope objective is used for imaging a detection target to an image surface, and then parallel light beams are generated after collimation of a collimating lens.
The calibration light source 71 provides stable standard spectral lines with wavelengths close to 557.7nm for the green line of oxygen atoms and 630nm for the red line, generated by Kr and Ne inert gas atomic discharge lamps, respectively, at 557.029nm and 630.479nm, respectively, for monitoring the minor phase drift of the system during the entire observation.
The field coupling assembly 6 is responsible for coupling the oblique field of view FOV1, FOV2, and zenith field of view FOV3 together for transmission into the interferometer, with FOV1, FOV3, FOV2 arranged above, in, and below, with the targeting optical path filling the entire combined field of view. The field coupling assembly 6 comprises two reflectors and a diaphragm, and specifically comprises a first field coupling mirror 61, a second field coupling mirror 62 and a zenith diaphragm.
The interferometer component 8 generates interferograms of 557nm and 630nm wave bands, the interferometer utilizes echelle grating multi-level diffraction to realize synchronous generation of the two wave bands interferograms, and the spectral resolution is 1.5cm-1The asymmetry quantity is more than 25mm, so that the high phase sensitivity is better than 5 mrad; dual band field broadening, interference beam apertureThe angle is larger than 3 degrees, so that the high light collecting capability of the system is ensured; the thermal compensation design ensures that the phase stability of the interferometer is better than 0.25 rad/DEG C. The interferometer assembly 8 also has an autonomous temperature control capability, and provides a stable temperature working condition of 0.1K for the physical interferometer. The interferometer component 8 can be specifically a satellite-borne wind measurement wide-spectrum asymmetric space heterodyne interferometer, ZL 201318000167.4.
The dichroic imaging component 9 is used for imaging an interference pattern generated by the interferometer onto the detector 10, and comprises a wedge dichroic mirror 91 and a mosaic filter 92, so that the interference patterns generated by 557.7nm and 630nm bands can be separated and arranged on the left side and the right side of the area array detector 10, the upper part and the lower part of the detector 10 respectively correspond to three observation fields, and thus six independent line-of-sight wind speed values can be obtained by one frame of detector 10 image, and respectively correspond to 90km and 250km high atmospheric regions in the three directions of FOV1, FOV2 and FOV 3.
The detector 10 is used for receiving the interference pattern and performing photoelectric conversion, and is specifically a CCD or a CMOS.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high atmospheric wind field measures interferometer system in high time resolution ground which characterized in that: the device comprises a first space scanning mechanism, a second space scanning mechanism, a first telescope (3), a second telescope (4), a zenith telescope (5), a view field coupling component (6), a calibration module (7), an interferometer component (8), a color separation imaging component (9) and a detector (10);
the first space scanning mechanism is positioned on an incident light path of the first telescope (3) and has two working modes of simultaneously and respectively pointing to east and west and simultaneously and respectively pointing to south and north, and the first space scanning mechanism is provided with a first reflector (1) for reflecting light beams in different directions to the first telescope (3);
the second space scanning mechanism is positioned on an incident light path of the second telescope (4), and has two working modes of simultaneously and respectively pointing to east and west and simultaneously and respectively pointing to south and north, and the second space scanning mechanism is provided with a second reflecting mirror (2) for reflecting light beams in different directions to the second telescope (4);
the field coupling assembly (6) is positioned on an emergent light path of the first telescope (3), the second telescope (4) and the zenith telescope (5), couples field beams of the first telescope (3), the second telescope (4) and the zenith telescope (5) together and transmits the field beams into the interferometer assembly (8); the field coupling assembly (6) comprises a first field coupling mirror (61), a second field coupling mirror (62) and a zenith diaphragm;
the calibration module (7) is positioned between the field coupling assembly (6) and the interferometer assembly (8) and comprises a calibration light source (71), a first collimating mirror (72) and a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror (73) which are sequentially arranged, and light beams emitted by the calibration light source (71) are reflected into the interferometer assembly (8) after passing through the first collimating mirror (72) and the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror (73) and are used for providing standard spectral lines with wavelengths close to the wavelength of observation spectral lines;
the interferometer component (8) modulates the incident spectrum radiation to generate an interference pattern, and the synchronous generation of the two-waveband interference pattern is realized by utilizing the echelle grating multi-level diffraction;
the color separation imaging component (9) comprises a wedge dichroic mirror (91) and a mosaic filter (92) which are sequentially arranged along a light path, an interference pattern generated by the interferometer component (8) is imaged on the detector (10), the color separation imaging component (9) enables the interference patterns generated by two wave bands to be separately arranged on the left side and the right side of the detector (10), and six independent sight line wind speed values are obtained by detector images.
2. The high temporal resolution in-ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 1, wherein: and a first imaging mirror (11) is arranged on a light path between the optical wedge dichroic mirror (91) and the mosaic filter (92).
3. The high temporal resolution in-ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 2, wherein: and a second imaging mirror (12) is arranged on a light path between the interferometer component (8) and the color separation imaging component (9).
4. The high time resolution on-ground medium-high atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the calibration light source (71) is Kr and Ne inert gas atomic discharge lamp.
5. The high temporal resolution in-ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 4, wherein: and a second collimating mirror (13) is arranged on a light path between the field coupling assembly (6) and the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror (73).
6. The high temporal resolution in-ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 5, wherein: and a relay imaging mirror (14) is arranged on a light path between the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting mirror (73) and the interferometer component (8).
7. The high temporal resolution in-ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 6, wherein: the transmission reflectance of the half-transmitting and half-reflecting mirror (73) is 90: 10.
8. the high temporal resolution in-ground high-rise atmospheric wind field measurement interferometer system of claim 7, wherein: the detector (10) is a CCD or a CMOS.
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| CN111693733A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-22 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Double-view-field near-infrared Doppler differential interferometer |
| CN113156454B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-09-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Direct illumination and global illumination separation method based on field coupling constraint |
| CN114384539B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-30 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Absorption spectrum line phase shift speed measurement method based on background light synchronous difference |
| CN114705881B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-28 | 长春理工大学 | Thermally stable wide-spectrum achromatic Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer |
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