CN102519595B - Optical system of satellite-borne differential absorption spectrometer - Google Patents
Optical system of satellite-borne differential absorption spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/021—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using plane or convex mirrors, parallel phase plates, or particular reflectors
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/18—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
- G02B27/1013—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths for colour or multispectral image sensors, e.g. splitting an image into monochromatic image components on respective sensors
Abstract
An optical system of satellite-borne differential absorption spectrometer comprises a relay optical system and an Offner imaging spectrometer system. The relay optical system is composed of a relay reflector, relay lenses and a color separation filter. The Offner imaging spectrometer system is composed of an incident slit, a convex grating, and a concave reflector. The relay optical system uses the color separation filter to split a detection waveband to form four channels, which are focused by four groups of relay lenses to the incident slit of the spectrometer. Light at each waveband entersthe spectrometer from the incident slit of the spectrometer, is split by the convex grating, and has the light path turned and focused on a detector. The invention utilizes a relay reflector to turn the light path, and utilizes the color separation filter to split the detection waveband into four channels, to therefore improve the detection resolution of the system, ensure measurement accuracy and realize compact volume of the whole optical system. The Offner imaging spectrometer has excellent imaging spectrum performance and reduced distortion. The invention facilitates miniaturization and weight reduction of the whole system, and is suitable for space technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of measuring method field, concrete is a kind of collection, converge the face of land and sky ultraviolet, the optical system of the spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument of visible scattered light, the hyperchannel difference absorption spectrum instrument that is mainly used in spaceborne or airborne platform is surveyed, and is made up of the relay optical system imaging spectrometer system two parts of unifying.
Background technology
Optical system spaceborne, airborne imaging spectrometer commonly used both at home and abroad mainly contains two classes: color dispersion-type and Fourier transform type.Wherein the color dispersion-type hyperspectral imager is divided into two kinds of prism chromatic dispersion and grating dispersions again.The overwhelming majority is to adopt chromatic dispersion light splitting mode, system's multiselect grating dispersion type of having relatively high expectations for spectral resolution simultaneously.Usually, based on the imaging spectrometer of the flat field concave reflection grating of aberration correction, because the visual field is little and the spectrum picture element is inhomogeneous, use limited.Require and must collimate because incide the light beam of plane grating, and also collimate from the light that the plane grating diffraction comes out, therefore the imaging spectrometer based on plane grating must connect a collimation and condenser system.For the spectrum picture element is improved, collimation and condenser system are often complicated, and the luminous energy loss increases, and spectral image often exists the residual aberration of bringing from colimated light system and focusing system, and direction in space and spectrum directional resolution are low, and image quality is difficult to raising.And the entire system resetting difficulty is big, cost is high.
Some external spaceborne spectrometer optical system uses preposition telescopic optical system with the direct lead-in light spectrometer of ambient light entrance slit, after the chromatic dispersion of incident light process concave grating, focuses on again.Overall spectrum instrument system volume is bigger than normal like this, is unfavorable for the space environment adaptability of system's development.
Present domestic and international spaceborne spectrometer system, especially high-resolution imaging spectrometer is many based on visible light and near infrared spectrum passage, and is not wide relatively at ultraviolet/visible detecting band, generally all is that detection channels is less relatively about 310nm～500nm.At the atmospheric environment detection range, the research that utilizes Offner form spectrometer to carry out the detection of ultraviolet spectrum hyperchannel still belongs to blank.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the prior art deficiency, a kind of optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument is provided, color separation film technology, reflective and transmission-type technology are combined, and it is effectively that hyperchannel import optical system and Offner spectrometer is combined, realize the broadband Detection Techniques of ultraviolet passage and visible channel, problem such as solved spaceborne imaging spectrometer spectral resolution and spatial resolution is on the low side, the ultraviolet band detection channels is less, imaging spectral instrument system visual field is too small, the optical system overall volume is bigger than normal, weight lays particular stress on.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument comprises the relay optical system Offner imaging spectral instrument system of unifying; Described relay optical system comprises field stop, relay mirror, the first relaying camera lens, the second relaying camera lens, the 3rd relaying camera lens and the 4th relaying camera lens and first color separation film, second color separation film, the 3rd color separation film and the 4th color separation film; Described Offner imaging spectral instrument system comprises first entrance slit, second entrance slit, the 3rd entrance slit, the 4th entrance slit, first convex grating, second convex grating, the 3rd convex grating, the 4th convex grating and first concave mirror, second concave mirror, the 3rd concave mirror, the 4th concave mirror; Subsequent optical path in field stop is disposed with relay mirror, first color separation film, second color separation film, the 3rd color separation film and the 4th color separation film; (240nm～710nm) is divided into four passages successively, and the wavelength band of four passages is respectively the first ultraviolet passage (240nm～315nm), the second ultraviolet passage (311nm～403nm), first visible channel (401nm～550nm), second visible channel (545nm～710nm) with the optical band of detection of a target thing for first color separation film, second color separation film, the 3rd color separation film and the 4th color separation film; Object be the light of 240～710nm wave band from field stop incident, the light path turnover takes place and forms focused beam through relay mirror reflection back, through first color separation film, the light of 240nm～315nm wave band reflects at this moment, forms the first ultraviolet passage; The reflected light of 240～315nm wave band focuses on the follow-up Offner spectrometer first entrance slit place through the first relaying camera lens, behind light transmission first color separation film of all the other wave bands, carry out the secondary light splitting through second color separation film, the light of 311nm～403nm wave band reflects, form the second ultraviolet passage, this reflected light focuses on the second entrance slit place through the second relaying camera lens, behind light transmission second color separation film of all the other wave bands, through the light splitting again of the 3rd color separation film, the light of 401nm～550nm wave band reflects, form first visible channel, this reflected light focuses on the 3rd entrance slit place through the 3rd relaying camera lens, light transmission the 3rd color separation film of residue wave band focuses on the 4th entrance slit place through the reflection of the 4th color separation film by the 4th relaying camera lens;
(240nm～315nm) band of light information enters Offner imaging spectral instrument system from first entrance slit to the first ultraviolet passage, reflex to first convex grating by first concave mirror, turnover focuses on the corresponding detector to the first concave mirror place after the light splitting; (311nm～403nm) band of light information enters from second entrance slit second ultraviolet passage, reflexes to second convex grating by second concave mirror, and turnover focuses on the corresponding detector to the second concave mirror place after the light splitting; (401nm～550nm) band of light information enters from the 3rd entrance slit first visible channel, reflexes to the 3rd convex grating by the 3rd concave mirror, and turnover focuses on the corresponding detector to the 3rd concave mirror place after the light splitting; (545nm～710nm) band of light information enters from the 4th entrance slit second visible channel, reflexes to the 4th convex grating by the 4th concave mirror, and turnover focuses on the corresponding detector to the 4th concave mirror place after the light splitting.
Principle of the present invention comprises the two large divisions: the relay optical system Offner imaging spectral instrument system of unifying; Described relay optical system is made up of relay mirror, relaying lens group and color separation film; Described Offner imaging spectrometer optical system is made of entrance slit, convex grating and concave mirror; Described relay optical system utilizes color separation film, and (240nm～710nm) carries out light splitting with institute's detecting band, form four receiving cables, the field stop of relay optical system, be placed on focal plane place, preposition telescopical picture side, a slit is set as object, the light of detection of a target thing incides on the relay mirror through behind the slit of field stop, then by after the relay mirror turnover light path, color separation film and relaying camera lens by the respective channel entrance slit place that focuses on Offner imaging spectral instrument system respectively again, off-axis angle by control field stop position and relay mirror, and the deflection angle of each passage color separation film, the spacing of relaying camera lens and spectrometer entrance slit is adjusted the relay optical system imaging effect of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument, makes Offner imaging spectrometer entrance slit place that good picture element be arranged; The light of each band class information enters from Offner imaging spectral instrument system entrance slit, after concave mirror reflexes to the convex grating light splitting, focuses on the detector of respective channel through concave mirror again.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) optical system emittance utilization ratio height of the present invention.The present invention utilizes relay mirror that light path is transferred, utilize color separation film that detecting band is divided into four passages, simplify follow-up relaying lens group design, find by the unify MTF transport function of Offner imaging spectrometer of relay optical system of the present invention, the present invention has good resolution and contrast in certain spatial frequency range, thereby improve the detection resolution of system, guarantee the accuracy of measurement, satisfied the demand of imaging spectrometer relay optical system.Spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument optical system all can obtain good spectral resolution and spatial resolution in the ultraviolet of surveying, visible broadband in big field range.
(2) the present invention's minimal distortion that can obtain.What adopt in the Offner spectrometer of the present invention is convex grating, and the imaging spectrometer of this structure is compared with the imaging spectrometer of original employing plane grating or concave grating structure, has tangible advantage.At first, spectrum property substantially exceeds the spectrometer of other types.A miniature Offner structure Design scheme can make distortion less than 0.1% of a pixel, and in original imaging spectrometer, as adopting the Dyson structure imaging spectrometer of concave grating, the minimal distortion that can obtain under same case is tens times of Offner spectrometer at least.Secondly the Offner spectrometer is realized instrument miniaturization and lightness easily, is fit to the development need of space technology.In spaceborne spectrometer measurement, especially use in the ultraviolet detection field and survey based on the Offner spectrometer system of convex grating, at home and abroad still belong to the first time.
(3) volume of the present invention is little, and is in light weight.The present invention adopts being connected of relay mirror, four-way color separation film, four-way relaying lens group and four-way Offner spectrometer to make whole optical system greatly reduce, whole optics volume compact, weight other spaceborne like products relatively greatly alleviates, and can satisfy big visual field demand by field stop and preposition telescopical coupling, adapt to different demands spaceborne and airborne platform.
(4) the present invention combines the relay optical system that multi-channel spectral the is surveyed Offner spectrometer of unifying.The relay mirror of relay optical system has played very crucial effect, not only will focus on the divergent beams that form behind the slit by the relaying telescope and become converging beam, for follow-up relaying camera lens optimization brings convenience, itself also participated in simultaneously the relaying camera lens optimization of follow-up light path, the relaying lens design can comparatively simply just can reach request for utilization.In addition, relay mirror has also played the light path steering-effecting, and relay mirror and four component color chips all are off-axis designs, further make whole relay optical system design comparatively compact, overall volume is little, satisfy the request for utilization of the environmental suitability of spaceborne spectrometer system, and it is better to make that the radiant light of detection of a target thing enters into the entrance slit picture element of spectrometer.
(5) in addition; relay mirror among the present invention and the catoptron in the spectrometer be with structural behaviour and thermal behavior all microcrystal glass material (Zerodur) and ULE glass material preferably, aluminizes and add the monox diaphragm and guarantee that instrument work spectral range has the reflectivity more than 90% in the surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is relay optical system structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is Offner imaging spectrometer optical system diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, the system that relay optical system of the present invention adopts is reflective, color separation film light splitting and relaying lens group combine comprises the relay optical system Offner imaging spectral instrument system of unifying.Relay optical system comprises field stop 1, relay mirror 2, the first relaying camera lens 7, the second relaying camera lens 8, the 3rd relaying camera lens 9 and the 4th relaying camera lens 10 and first color separation film 3, second color separation film 4, the 3rd color separation film 5 and the 4th color separation film 6.Offner imaging spectral instrument system comprises first entrance slit 11, second entrance slit 14, the 3rd entrance slit 17, the 4th entrance slit 20, first convex grating 13, second convex grating 16, the 3rd convex grating 19, the 4th convex grating 22 and first concave mirror 12, second concave mirror 15, the 3rd concave mirror 18, the 4th concave mirror 21.Subsequent optical path in field stop 1 is disposed with relay mirror 2, first color separation film 3, second color separation film 4, the 3rd color separation film 5 and the 4th color separation film 6; (240nm～710nm) is divided into four passages successively, and the wavelength band of four passages is respectively the first ultraviolet passage (240nm～315nm), the second ultraviolet passage (311nm～403nm), first visible channel (401nm～550nm), second visible channel (545nm～710nm) with the optical band of detection of a target thing for first color separation film 3, second color separation film 4, the 3rd color separation film 5 and the 4th color separation film 6; Object be the light of 240～710nm wave band from field stop 1 incident, the light path turnover takes place and forms focused beam through relay mirror 2 reflection backs, through first color separation film 3, the light of 240nm～315nm wave band reflects at this moment, forms the first ultraviolet passage; The reflected light of 240～315nm wave band focuses on follow-up Offner spectrometer first entrance slit 11 places through the first relaying camera lens 7, behind light transmission first color separation film 3 of all the other wave bands, carry out the secondary light splitting through second color separation film 4, the light of 311nm～403nm wave band reflects, form the second ultraviolet passage, this reflected light focuses on second entrance slit, 14 places through the second relaying camera lens 8, behind light transmission second color separation film 4 of all the other wave bands, through the 3rd color separation film 5 light splitting again, the light of 401nm～550nm wave band reflects, form first visible channel, this reflected light focuses on the 3rd entrance slit 17 places through the 3rd relaying camera lens 9, light transmission the 3rd color separation film 5 of residue wave band focuses on the 4th entrance slit 20 places through 6 reflections of the 4th color separation film by the 4th relaying camera lens 10.
(240nm～315nm) band of light information enters Offner imaging spectral instrument system from first entrance slit 11 to the first ultraviolet passage, reflex to first convex grating 13 by first concave mirror 12, turnover is to first concave mirror, 12 places after the light splitting, focus on that (figure does not draw on first detector of the top that is arranged in first entrance slit 11, this first detector is positioned at the top of first entrance slit 11, and other detector in like manner); (311nm～403nm) band of light information enters from second entrance slit 14 the second ultraviolet passage, reflex to second convex grating 16 by second concave mirror 15, turnover focuses on second detector of the top that is positioned at second entrance slit 14 to second concave mirror, 15 places after the light splitting; (401nm～550nm) band of light information enters from the 3rd entrance slit 17 first visible channel, reflex to the 3rd convex grating 19 by the 3rd concave mirror 18, turnover focuses on the 3rd detector that is positioned at the 3rd entrance slit 17 tops to the 3rd concave mirror 18 places after the light splitting; (545nm～710nm) band of light information enters from the 4th entrance slit 20 second visible channel, reflex to the 4th convex grating 22 by the 4th concave mirror 21, turnover focuses on the 4th detector of the 4th entrance slit 20 tops to the 4th concave mirror 21 places after the light splitting.
The spacing (rear cout off distance) of the color separation film deflection angle by the position of controlling described field stop 1, the off-axis angle of relay mirror 2, four passages, four relaying camera lenses and four entrance slits of Offner spectrometer, and the uniting and adjustment of said system make the relay optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument reach optimal imaging effect, thereby at Offner spectrometer entrance slit place good picture element are arranged.Here, optimal design by the setting of off-axis angle and relaying camera lens, make the hot spot RMS value at spectrometer entrance slit place reach ideal state as far as possible, thereby be the design simplification of follow-up Offner spectrometer, also make the spectral resolution of Offner imaging spectrometer and spatial resolution acquisition high resolving power become possibility.
Shown in Fig. 2,3, relay mirror 2 in the relay optical system of the present invention, the first relaying camera lens 7, the second relaying camera lens 8, the 3rd relaying camera lens 9 and the 4th relaying camera lens 10 and first color separation film 3, second color separation film 4, the 3rd color separation film 5 and the 4th color separation film 6, and first convex grating 13, second convex grating 16, the 3rd convex grating 19, the 4th convex grating 22 and first concave mirror 12, second concave mirror 15, the 3rd concave mirror 18, the 4th concave mirror 21 are the off-axis design in the Offner imaging spectral instrument system.Relay mirror 2 off-axis angles in the present embodiment are 5 °, and the off-axis angle of first color separation film, second color separation film, the 3rd color separation film, the 4th color separation film is followed successively by 5 °, 13 °, 26 °, 47 °, 68.5 °.
As shown in Figure 2, relay mirror 2 among the present invention is made up of concave mirror, can design with spherical mirror, also can design for aspheric surface, in order to debug conveniently, the invention process intends selecting for use the spherical mirror design, and material is microcrystal glass material (Zerodur), the minute surface aluminizer of relay mirror 2, aluminium film bandwidth is 240nm～710nm.The relay mirror 2 of the embodiment of the invention is that off-axis is placed, and the off-axis angle is 5 °.
The first relaying camera lens 7 among the present invention, the second relaying camera lens 8, the 3rd relaying camera lens 9 and the 4th relaying camera lens 10 can be respectively be made up of two or three spherical mirrors.The first relaying camera lens 7, the second relaying camera lens 8 all are made up of three spherical mirrors in the present embodiment, and material is that the glass material that ultraviolet band sees through constitutes, and specifically can be fused quartz and calcium fluoride.The 3rd relaying camera lens 9 and the 4th relaying camera lens 10 are made up of two spherical mirrors, and the 3rd relaying camera lens 9 is respectively BK7 and ZF3 material, the gummed mirror of the 4th relaying camera lens 10 for being made of BK7 and two kinds of glass materials of ZF12.The first relaying camera lens 7, the second relaying camera lens 8, the 3rd relaying camera lens 9 and the 4th relaying camera lens 10 plate anti-reflection film respectively in 240～315nm, 311～403nm, 401～550nm, 545nm～710nm wave band.First color separation film 3 among the present invention, second color separation film 4, the 3rd color separation film 5 and the 4th color separation film 6 plating dichroic coatings, guarantee the reflection of respective channel wave band, all the other wave band transmissions, namely in 240～710nm wavelength band, first color separation film, 3 plating dichroic coatings, satisfy the light total reflection of 240～315nm wave band, the whole transmissions of the light of the above wave band of 315nm; Second color separation film, 4 plating dichroic coatings, the light total reflection of satisfied 311～403nm wave band, the light of the above wave band of 403nm is total transmissivity as far as possible; The 3rd color separation film 5 plating dichroic coatings, the light total reflection of satisfied 401～550nm wave band, the light of the above wave band of 550nm is total transmissivity as far as possible; The 4th color separation film 6 plates the film that is all-trans.Because the wave band crossover location, dichroic coating is difficult to accomplish simultaneously very high reflection and transmission, when especially the angle of incidence of light degree is bigger than normal, need partly avoid institute's detecting material absorption bands by consideration halved belt wave band when design as far as possible.
As shown in Figure 3, first convex grating 13, second convex grating 16, the 3rd convex grating 19, the 4th convex grating 22 can be the Rowland gratings of convex surface in the Offner imaging spectral instrument system of the present invention, also can be the aberration correction gratings of convex surface.Convex grating among the present invention is the key component of Offner imaging spectrometer.Utilize the Offner imaging spectrometer of convex grating in space and spectrum direction The better resolution to be arranged, be used to widely in the image spectroscope of low chromatic dispersion, big visual field.The convex grating here all is the basis independent designing technique parameter of passage characteristics separately, as delineating line etc., to reach higher diffraction efficiency as far as possible.-1 grade of diffraction often is used to imaging.When the fringe number increase of grating, the diffraction light of long wavelength X 1 was stopped by convex grating after the reflection through the second time of concave mirror, so the chromatic dispersion of grating can not be excessive.If the fringe number of grating is enough big on the other hand, make the diffraction light directive concave mirror that makes progress, this has just become the Littrow form of Offner.Because convex grating fringe number height, chromatic dispersion is big, and this system for the high chromatic dispersion of needs provides possibility.Because spectral coverage difference, each is different for the convex grating parameter of four-way Offner spectrometer, the embodiment of the invention is according to the wave band difference, the actual first ultraviolet passage (240～315nm) that is set to, be scribed ss 2830l/mm, the second ultraviolet passage (311～403nm) quarter, be scribed ss quarter 2272l/mm, first visible channel (401～550nm), carve be scribed ss 1762l/mm, second visible channel (545～710nm), carve and be scribed ss 1379l/mm.
As shown in Figure 3, first concave mirror 12 of the Offner imaging spectrometer among the present invention, second concave mirror 15, the 3rd concave mirror 18, the 4th concave mirror 21 all adopt ULE optical glass; And first concave mirror 12, second concave mirror 15, the 3rd concave mirror 18, the 4th concave mirror 21 plate the reflective aluminum film of respective channel wave band respectively.Above-mentioned each concave mirror can be one, also can be two, and can have different radius-of-curvature.
In a word, the present invention utilizes relay mirror that light path is transferred, utilize color separation film that detecting band is divided into four passages, combine very dexterously with relay optical system and the Offner imaging spectrometer of reflection in conjunction with transmission simultaneously, can simplify follow-up relaying lens group design, thereby improve the detection resolution of system, guarantee the accuracy measured, and make the whole optical system volume compact.Offner spectrometer light spectrum image-forming excellent performance, especially Ji Bian improvement, and be easy to miniaturization and the lightness of total system have realized that ultraviolet/visible broadband surveys the requirement of high spectral resolution and spatial resolution, are particularly suitable for space technology and use.
The non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to those skilled in the art's known technology.
Claims (10)
1. the optical system of a spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument is characterized in that: described optical system comprises the relay optical system Offner imaging spectral instrument system of unifying; Described relay optical system comprises field stop (1), relay mirror (2), the first relaying camera lens (7), the second relaying camera lens (8), the 3rd relaying camera lens (9) and the 4th relaying camera lens (10) and first color separation film (3), second color separation film (4), the 3rd color separation film (5) and the 4th color separation film (6); Described Offner imaging spectral instrument system comprises first entrance slit (11), second entrance slit (14), the 3rd entrance slit (17), the 4th entrance slit (20), first convex grating (13), second convex grating (16), the 3rd convex grating (19), the 4th convex grating (22) and first concave mirror (12), second concave mirror (15), the 3rd concave mirror (18), the 4th concave mirror (21); Subsequent optical path in field stop (1) is disposed with relay mirror (2), first color separation film (3), second color separation film (4), the 3rd color separation film (5) and the 4th color separation film (6); First color separation film (3), second color separation film (4), the 3rd color separation film (5) and the 4th color separation film (6) are divided into four passages successively with the optical band 240nm～710nm of detection of a target thing, and the wavelength band of four passages is respectively first ultraviolet passage 240nm～315nm, second ultraviolet passage 311nm～403nm, first visible channel 401nm～550nm, second visible channel 545nm～710nm; Object is that the light of 240～710nm wave band is from field stop (1) incident, the light path turnover takes place after relay mirror (2) reflection and form focused beam, through first color separation film (3), this moment, the light of 240nm～315nm wave band reflected, and formed the first ultraviolet passage; The reflected light of 240～315nm wave band focuses on follow-up Offner spectrometer first entrance slit (11) through the first relaying camera lens (7) and locates, behind light transmission first color separation film (3) of all the other wave bands, carry out the secondary light splitting through second color separation film (4), the light of 311nm～403nm wave band reflects, form the second ultraviolet passage, this reflected light focuses on second entrance slit (14) through the second relaying camera lens (8) and locates, behind light transmission second color separation film (4) of all the other wave bands, through the 3rd color separation film (5) light splitting again, the light of 401nm～550nm wave band reflects, form first visible channel, this reflected light focuses on the 3rd entrance slit (17) through the 3rd relaying camera lens (9) and locates, light transmission the 3rd color separation film (5) of residue wave band focuses on the 4th entrance slit (20) through the 4th color separation film (6) reflection by the 4th relaying camera lens (10) and locates;
The first ultraviolet passage 240nm～315nm band of light information enters Offner imaging spectral instrument system from first entrance slit (11), reflex to first convex grating (13) by first concave mirror (12), turnover is located to first concave mirror (12) after the light splitting, focuses on the corresponding detector; The second ultraviolet passage 311nm～403nm band of light information enters from second entrance slit (14), reflex to second convex grating (16) by second concave mirror (15), turnover is located to second concave mirror (15) after the light splitting, focuses on the corresponding detector; First visible channel 401nm～550nm band of light information enters from the 3rd entrance slit (17), reflex to the 3rd convex grating (19) by the 3rd concave mirror (18), turnover is located to the 3rd concave mirror (18) after the light splitting, focuses on the corresponding detector; Second visible channel 545nm～710nm band of light information enters from the 4th entrance slit (20), reflex to the 4th convex grating (22) by the 4th concave mirror (21), turnover is located to the 4th concave mirror (21) after the light splitting, focuses on the corresponding detector.
2. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: four concave mirrors and four convex gratings in the relay mirror in the described relay optical system, four color separation films and the Offner spectrometer are the off-axis design.
3. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the position by controlling described field stop (1) and select relay mirror (2) with suitable off-axis angle, and the spacing of the deflection angle of four passage color separation films, four relaying camera lenses and four entrance slits of Offner spectrometer adjusts the relay optical system imaging effect of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument, makes Offner spectrometer entrance slit place that good picture element be arranged.
4. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described relay mirror (2) is made up of concave mirror, can design or the aspheric surface design for spherical mirror, and catoptron (2) aluminizer is as reflectance coating; Described relay mirror (2) adopts micro crystal material.
5. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described first relaying camera lens (7), the second relaying camera lens (8), the 3rd relaying camera lens (9) and the 4th relaying camera lens (10) are made up of two or three spherical mirrors respectively.
6. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: the described first relaying camera lens (7), the second relaying camera lens (8) are that two spherical mirrors are formed, the glass material that sees through by ultraviolet band constitutes, and is fused quartz and calcium fluoride material; The 3rd relaying camera lens (9) is that two spherical mirrors are formed, and uses BK7 and ZF3 optical glass; The 4th relaying camera lens (10) is that two spherical mirror gummeds form, and uses BK7 and ZF12 optical glass material.
7. according to the optical system of claim 1 or 4 described spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument, it is characterized in that: described first convex grating (13), second convex grating (16), the 3rd convex grating (19) and the 4th convex grating (22) are the Rowland gratings of convex surface, or the aberration correction grating of convex surface.
8. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first concave mirror (12), second concave mirror (15), the 3rd concave mirror (18) and the 4th concave mirror (21) all adopt ULE optical glass.
9. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first color separation film (3), second color separation film (4), the 3rd color separation film (5) and the 4th color separation film (6) plating dichroic coating, guarantee the reflection of respective channel wave band, all the other wave band transmissions, namely in 240～710nm wavelength band, first color separation film (3) plating dichroic coating, the as far as possible all transmissions of the light total reflection of satisfied 240～315nm wave band, the light of the above wave band of 315nm; Second color separation film (4) plating dichroic coating, the light total reflection of satisfied 311～403nm wave band, the light of the above wave band of 403nm is total transmissivity as far as possible; The 3rd color separation film (5) plating dichroic coating, the light total reflection of satisfied 401～550nm wave band, the light of the above wave band of 550nm is total transmissivity as far as possible; The 4th color separation film (6) plates the film that is all-trans; The described first relaying camera lens (7), the second relaying camera lens (8), the 3rd relaying camera lens (9) and the 4th relaying camera lens (10) plate anti-reflection film respectively in 240～315nm, 311～403nm, 401～550nm, 545nm～710nm wave band.
10. the optical system of spaceborne difference absorption spectrum instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first concave mirror (12), second concave mirror (15), the 3rd concave mirror (18) and the 4th concave mirror (21) plate the reflective aluminum film of respective channel wave band respectively.
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