CN110186562B - Full-band large-relative-aperture Dyson spectrum imaging system - Google Patents
Full-band large-relative-aperture Dyson spectrum imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110186562B CN110186562B CN201910403010.2A CN201910403010A CN110186562B CN 110186562 B CN110186562 B CN 110186562B CN 201910403010 A CN201910403010 A CN 201910403010A CN 110186562 B CN110186562 B CN 110186562B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/14—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using refracting elements, e.g. prisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system applied to the fields of aerospace, aviation atmosphere remote sensing, earth observation and the like, and relates to a full-band large-relative-aperture novel Dyson spectrum imaging system which is formed by an off-axis three-mirror telescope, a dichroic mirror, an image plane beam splitter prism, a slit and a novel Dyson spectrometer. The off-axis telescope is utilized to receive light energy, the dichroic mirror splits light and the prism splits view field to image, and visible near infrared, short wave infrared, medium wave infrared and long wave infrared full-wave spectrum imaging can be realized through the slit and the novel Dyson spectrum structure. The off-axis three-reflection telescope can realize the imaging requirements of square view fields and large relative apertures, and the prism split view field imaging is utilized to improve the light energy utilization rate, and can enable the spectrometers with different wave bands to scan and gaze at the same time for imaging, so that the satellite load realization early warning, investigation and detection recognition efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric equipment and spectrum imaging, and relates to a novel Dyson spectrum imaging system with full-band and large relative aperture.
Background
With the wide application of the spectrum technology in the fields of modern security detection, environment monitoring and protection, cultural relic protection and identification and military target detection and intelligent identification under a complex background, the higher spectrum resolution ensures a certain spectrum fineness, and the energy on each spectrum section is also ensured to a certain extent, so that the full-band spectrometer becomes a hot spot for the development of the spectrum imaging technology.
In this context, a full-band large relative aperture new Dyson spectrometer capable of producing more spectral channels and higher spectral resolution has been developed. The full-band novel Dyson spectrometer has the functions of qualitative measurement and quantitative analysis while timing and positioning measurement, has unique advantages in the aspects of material detection, target identification, process detection and control, component analysis and the like, and enables the measurement mode to be developed from geometric measurement to geometric attribute measurement. And the spectral imaging technology can intelligently identify military targets under complex backgrounds from abnormal spectral dimensions through discrimination of spectral information, so that the detection, identification and tracking precision of an optical instrument on the targets is greatly improved.
The imaging wave band range of the current spectrometer is basically concentrated in the visible near infrared range (0.4-0.9 um), and mainly comprises an off-axis three-reflecting telescope system and an offner spectrometer, when the imaging view field is a square view field, the common off-axis three-reflecting telescope system cannot meet the requirements, and the offner spectrometer also adopts the design principle of the off-axis reflection system, so that the system has very large off-axis aberration and cannot be corrected, and the spectral resolution of the spectrometer is affected. And the detection or identification of the same target by a plurality of spectrum channels is difficult to realize by the traditional spectrometer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that an off-axis three-mirror telescope system cannot receive a target spectrum and the spectrum resolution of a spectrometer is low when a square large view field is formed, and simultaneously solve the technical problem that a plurality of spectrum channels are difficult to perform real-time dispersion imaging on the same target, the invention provides a novel Dyson spectrum imaging system with full-band large relative aperture, the expansion of the view angle of the off-axis telescope is performed by utilizing free curves, and the design idea of object plane-image plane separation is provided, so that the Dyson spectrometer imaging system is improved and optimized. The spectrum imaging system not only realizes the purposes of large-view-field investigation and detection, large relative aperture and high-resolution spectrum imaging, but also can realize simultaneous dispersion imaging of a plurality of spectral bands on the same target.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a full-band large-relative-aperture Dyson spectrum imaging system, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a front off-axis three-mirror telescopic system, a dichroic mirror, a first split-field prism, a visible near-infrared Dyson spectrometer, a short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer, a second split-field prism, a medium-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer and a long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer;
the front off-axis three-mirror telescopic system comprises an inclined eccentric entrance pupil, an off-axis main reflector, an off-axis secondary reflector and an off-axis three-reflector which are sequentially arranged along a light path, wherein the off-axis secondary reflector is a convex free-form surface reflector;
spectral information of an object target sequentially passes through the inclined eccentric entrance pupil, the off-axis main reflector, the off-axis secondary reflector and the off-axis tri-reflector and then enters the dichroic mirror; the dichroic mirror divides an incident full-wave band light beam into two paths, wherein the first path of light beam comprises visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light, and the second path of light beam comprises medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light;
the first path of light beams are incident to a first split-view prism, the first split-view prism divides the first path of light beams into visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light, and the visible near infrared light and the short-wave infrared light enter a visible near infrared Dyson spectrometer and a short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer respectively for imaging;
the second path of light beams are incident to a second split-view prism, the second split-view prism divides the second path of light beams into medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light, and the medium-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light respectively enter a medium-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer and a long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer for imaging.
Further, the off-axis main reflector and the off-axis three reflectors are concave even aspherical reflectors.
Further, the off-axis primary mirror, the off-axis secondary mirror, and the off-axis tertiary mirror are all made of SIC material.
Further, the surface of the dichroic mirror is plated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film, so that visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light can be transmitted, and medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light can be reflected;
or can reflect visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light and transmit medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light.
Further, the dichroic mirror is made of H-K9L.
Further, two reflecting surfaces of the first split-view field prism are respectively plated with a visible near infrared total reflection film and a short wave infrared total reflection film; the first sub-view field prism divides a primary imaging surface of the first path of light beam into two parts of visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light along a meridian plane;
the two reflecting surfaces of the second split-view prism are respectively plated with a medium-wave infrared total reflection film and a long-wave infrared total reflection film; the second split-view field prism divides the primary imaging surface of the second path of light beam into two parts of medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light along the meridian plane.
Further, the first and second split field prisms are each made of H-K9L.
Further, the visible near infrared Dyson spectrometer, the short wave infrared Dyson spectrometer, the medium wave infrared Dyson spectrometer and the long wave infrared Dyson spectrometer all comprise concave gratings and imaging lens groups which are sequentially arranged along the light path.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the full-band large-relative-aperture novel Dyson spectrum imaging system has the advantages of large relative aperture, compact structure, small volume, light weight and the like, and effectively eliminates the problems of spectral line bending, color distortion and the like while ensuring that an instrument realizes high signal to noise ratio.
2. According to the invention, the telescope secondary mirror is designed into a free-form surface, so that the degree of freedom of system optimization is increased, and the design requirement of large visual field and large relative aperture of the off-axis three-reflector system is realized.
3. The invention provides the design idea of object plane-image plane separation for the first time, improves and optimizes the imaging system of the Dyson spectrometer, and solves the problem of space component overlapping caused by compact structure of the traditional Dyson spectrometer.
4. The novel Dyson spectrometer effectively solves the problem that off-axis aberration caused by traditional Offren is difficult to correct, and greatly reduces the design difficulty and the adjustment difficulty of the spectrometer.
5. The invention has simple assembly process, and no special requirements on the spacing and the relative position between the optical elements, so long as the assembly process is satisfied.
6. The invention can realize the detection or identification of a plurality of spectrum channels to the same target;
7. the off-axis three-mirror telescope can realize the imaging requirements of square view fields and large relative apertures, and the prism split view field imaging is utilized to improve the light energy utilization rate, and can enable the spectrometers with different wave bands to scan and gaze at the same time for imaging, so that the satellite load realization early warning, investigation and detection recognition efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a full-band large relative aperture novel Dyson spectral imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system aberration evaluation chart;
the reference numerals in the drawings are: 1-front off-axis three-mirror telescopic system, 11-inclined eccentric entrance pupil, 12-off-axis main reflector, 13-off-axis secondary reflector and 14-off-axis three-reflector;
a 2-dichroic mirror;
3-a first sub-view field prism, wherein 01 is a visible near infrared coating reflecting surface, and 02 is a shortwave infrared coating reflecting surface;
4-visible near-infrared Dyson spectrograph, 41-visible near-infrared concave grating, 42-visible near-infrared relay imaging lens group, 43-visible near-infrared folding reflector; the system comprises a 5-short wave infrared Dyson spectrometer, a 51-short wave infrared concave grating, a 52-short wave infrared relay imaging lens group and a 53-short wave infrared folding reflector;
6-a second sub-view field prism, wherein 03 is a medium-wave infrared coating reflecting surface, and 04 is a long-wave infrared coating reflecting surface;
7-medium wave infrared Dyson spectrograph, 71-medium wave infrared concave grating, 72-medium wave infrared relay imaging lens group, 73-medium wave infrared folding reflector; 8-long-wave infrared Dyson spectrograph, 81-long-wave infrared concave grating, 82-long-wave infrared relay lens group and 83-long-wave infrared folding reflector.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the full-band large-relative-aperture novel Dyson spectrum imaging system comprises a front-mounted off-axis three-mirror telescopic system 1, a dichroic mirror 2, a first split-view field prism 3, a visible near-infrared novel Dyson spectrometer 4, a short-wave infrared novel Dyson spectrometer 5, a second split-view field prism 6, a medium-wave infrared novel Dyson spectrometer 7 and a long-wave infrared novel Dyson spectrometer 8;
the front off-axis three-mirror telescopic system 1 mainly receives spectrum information of a target of a remote object and mainly comprises an inclined eccentric entrance pupil 11, an off-axis main reflector 12, an off-axis secondary reflector 13 and an off-axis three-reflector 14 which are sequentially arranged along an optical path, wherein the off-axis main reflector 12 is a concave even aspherical reflector, the off-axis secondary reflector 13 is a convex free-form surface reflector, the off-axis three-reflector 14 is a concave even aspherical reflector, and the off-axis main reflector 12, the off-axis secondary reflector 13 and the off-axis three-reflector 14 are all made of SIC materials.
The dichroic mirror 2 of the embodiment is made of H-K9L, and the spectrum information received by the front off-axis three-mirror telescopic system 1 is split; the surface of the dichroic mirror is plated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film which transmits visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light and reflects medium-wave and long-wave infrared light, and the full-wave band light is subjected to color separation treatment, so that the visible near infrared light and the short-wave infrared light penetrate through the dichroic mirror 2, and the medium-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light are reflected on the surface of the dichroic mirror 2. In other embodiments, the mid-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light can transmit through the dichroic mirror 2, and the visible near-infrared light and the short-wave infrared light can be reflected on the surface of the dichroic mirror 2.
The first field prism 3 of this embodiment is made of H-K9L, and has a surface coated with a visible near infrared total reflection film 01 and a short-wave infrared total reflection film 02, and divides the visible near infrared light and the short-wave infrared light transmitted through the dichroic mirror 2 into two parts along a meridian plane, wherein one part is visible near infrared light, the light enters the visible near infrared Dyson spectrometer 4 for performing dispersion imaging, the other part is short-wave infrared light, and the light enters the short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 5 for performing dispersion imaging.
The second split-field prism 6 of this embodiment is made of H-K9L, and its surface (reflecting surface) is coated with a mid-wave infrared total reflection film 03 and a long-wave infrared total reflection film 04, and the mid-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light reflected by the dichroic mirror 2 are divided into two parts along the meridian plane, one part is mid-wave infrared light, light enters the mid-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 7 for dispersion imaging, the other part is long-wave infrared, and light enters the long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 8 for dispersion imaging.
In this embodiment, the near infrared Dyson spectrometer 4, the short wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 5, the medium wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 7 and the long wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 8 are all composed of a concave grating and a relay imaging lens group, the concave grating mainly disperses the spectrum, and the lens group converges and images the dispersed light. The visible near infrared light and the short-wave infrared light are reflected by the two reflecting surfaces of the first sub-field prism 3 respectively to enter the slit, dispersed by the visible near infrared concave grating 41 and the short-wave infrared concave grating 51 respectively, and focused and imaged by the visible near infrared relay imaging lens group 42 and the short-wave infrared relay imaging lens group 52 respectively. The mid-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light are reflected by the two reflecting surfaces of the second split-field prism 6 respectively, enter the slit, are dispersed by the mid-wave infrared concave grating 71 and the long-wave infrared concave grating 81 respectively, and are focused and imaged by the mid-wave infrared relay imaging lens group 72 and the long-wave infrared relay lens group 82 respectively.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the spectral information of the object target sequentially passes through the inclined eccentric entrance pupil 11, the off-axis main reflector 12, the off-axis secondary reflector 13 and the off-axis tri-reflector 14 and then enters the dichroic mirror 2; the dichroic mirror 2 divides an incident full-wave band light beam into two paths, wherein the first path of light beam comprises visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light, and the second path of light beam comprises medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light; the first path of light beams are incident to a first sub-field prism 3, the first sub-field prism 3 divides the first path of light beams into visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light, and the visible near infrared light and the short-wave infrared light respectively enter a visible near infrared Dyson spectrometer 4 and a short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 5 for imaging; the second path of light beam is incident to the second split-view prism 6, the second split-view prism 6 divides the second path of light beam into medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light, and the medium-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light respectively enter the medium-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 7 and the long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer 8 for imaging.
The front off-axis three-reflector telescopic system 1 is a common-caliber receiving group of the optical system, the common-caliber receiving group realizes the imaging requirement of large relative aperture and large field of view, can ensure ideal imaging of full-band spectrum, and bears the off-axis aberration correction balance of the optical system.
The visible near infrared, short wave infrared, medium wave infrared and long wave infrared Dyson spectrometer is mainly used for dispersing light through a concave grating and correcting off-axis aberration caused by object plane-image plane separation through a relay lens group.
The split view field prism is mainly used for carrying out split view field treatment on different light rays on a meridian plane. The video field can be randomly and flexibly segmented according to the size of the selected photosensitive surface of the camera.
According to the invention, the free curved surface is introduced into the front-mounted off-axis three-mirror telescopic system 1, so that the expansion of the view field angle of the off-axis system and the correction of off-axis aberration are realized, and the structure of the system is more compact.
The resolution effect of the novel Dyson spectrometer with the full-band large relative aperture is described by a specific example:
the working environment temperature of the optical system is-40-60 ℃;
the relative aperture of the front-mounted off-axis three-mirror telescopic system is 1/2.5;
the visible near infrared Dyson imaging spectral range is (0.4-0.9 um), the short wave infrared spectral imaging range is (0.9 um-2.5 um), the medium wave infrared spectral range is (2.5-6.5 um), and the long wave infrared spectral range is (6.5-12.5 um);
the pixel size of the visible near infrared spectrum camera is 15um, the pixel size of the short wave infrared spectrum camera is 25um, the pixel size of the medium wave infrared spectrum camera is 30um, and the pixel size of the long wave infrared spectrum camera is 30um;
the visible near infrared spectrum resolution reaches 5nm, the short wave infrared spectrum resolution reaches 10nm, the medium wave infrared spectrum resolution reaches 40nm, and the long wave infrared spectrum resolution reaches 80nm. Meets the international high resolution requirement.
Claims (8)
1. Full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectrum imaging system, its characterized in that: the infrared spectrum analyzer comprises a front-mounted off-axis three-mirror telescopic system (1), a dichroic mirror (2), a first split-view prism (3), a visible near-infrared Dyson spectrometer (4), a short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (5), a second split-view prism (6), a medium-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (7) and a long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (8);
the front off-axis three-mirror telescopic system (1) comprises an inclined eccentric entrance pupil (11), an off-axis main reflector (12), an off-axis secondary reflector (13) and an off-axis three-reflector (14) which are sequentially arranged along a light path, wherein the off-axis secondary reflector (13) is a convex free-form surface reflector;
the spectral information of the object target sequentially passes through the inclined eccentric entrance pupil (11), the off-axis main reflector (12), the off-axis secondary reflector (13) and the off-axis tri-reflector (14) and then enters the dichroic mirror (2); the dichroic mirror (2) divides an incident full-wave band light beam into two paths, wherein the first path of light beam comprises visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light, and the second path of light beam comprises medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light;
the first light beam is incident to a first split-view prism (3), the first split-view prism (3) divides the first light beam into visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light, and the visible near infrared light and the short-wave infrared light respectively enter a visible near infrared Dyson spectrometer (4) and a short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (5) for imaging;
the second path of light beams are incident to a second split-view prism (6), the second split-view prism (6) divides the second path of light beams into medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light, and the medium-wave infrared light and the long-wave infrared light respectively enter a medium-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (7) and a long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (8) for imaging.
2. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the off-axis main reflector (12) and the off-axis three reflectors (14) are concave even aspherical reflectors.
3. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 2, wherein: the off-axis main reflector (12), the off-axis secondary reflector (13) and the off-axis three reflectors (14) are all made of SIC materials.
4. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 2, wherein: the surface of the dichroic mirror (2) is plated with a semi-transparent semi-reflective film, which can transmit visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light and reflect medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light;
or can reflect visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light and transmit medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light.
5. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 4, wherein: the dichroic mirror (2) is made of H-K9L.
6. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 4, wherein: the two reflecting surfaces of the first split-view prism (3) are respectively plated with a visible near infrared total reflection film and a short wave infrared total reflection film; the first sub-view field prism (3) divides a primary imaging surface of the first path of light beam into two parts of visible near infrared light and short-wave infrared light along a meridian plane;
the two reflecting surfaces of the second split-view prism (6) are respectively plated with a medium-wave infrared total reflection film and a long-wave infrared total reflection film; the second split-view field prism (6) divides the primary imaging surface of the second path of light beam into two parts of medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light along a meridian plane.
7. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 6, wherein: the first sub-field prism (3) and the second sub-field prism (6) are both made of H-K9L.
8. The full-band large relative aperture Dyson spectral imaging system of claim 6, wherein: the visible near-infrared Dyson spectrometer (4), the short-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (5), the medium-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (7) and the long-wave infrared Dyson spectrometer (8) comprise concave gratings and imaging lens groups which are sequentially arranged along a light path.
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| CN111929878B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Off-axis three-mirror short-focus front objective lens system of hyperspectral imager |
| CN113566965A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-10-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Compact type wide-spectrum polarization spectrum imaging system |
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| 星载扫描层析临边成像光谱仪光学设计;薛庆生;;光学学报(04);全文 * |
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