CN101503531B - 耐乙醇汽油的丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶胶管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

耐乙醇汽油的丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶胶管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101503531B
CN101503531B CN200810154526XA CN200810154526A CN101503531B CN 101503531 B CN101503531 B CN 101503531B CN 200810154526X A CN200810154526X A CN 200810154526XA CN 200810154526 A CN200810154526 A CN 200810154526A CN 101503531 B CN101503531 B CN 101503531B
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rubber
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CN101503531A (zh
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张洪起
孙佩祝
李风海
张桂林
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Tianjin Peng Ling group Limited by Share Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐乙醇汽油的丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶胶管及其制备方法。胶管有三层结构,由内至外依次是:橡胶层、增强层、橡胶层,采用挤出、蒸汽硫化罐硫化法生产胶管。制备过程如下:挤出半成品,首先选择橡胶挤出机(优先选用销钉机筒冷喂料挤出机),螺杆的长径比为11-15之间,挤出机各阶段的温度,机头温度为:70-90℃,挤出段温度为:65-85℃,塑化段温度为:65-85℃,喂料段温度为:60-80℃。并根据胶管的成品尺寸,选择合适的机针与口型,来保证胶管的尺寸;蒸汽硫化罐硫化成型,将半成品套在固定规格的芯棒上,推入蒸汽硫化罐硫化。硫化温度:150-170℃,硫化时间:15-40min。本发明兼具价廉和耐候性的特点,又解决了汽车燃料使用乙醇汽油后胶管出现溶胀的问题。

Description

耐乙醇汽油的丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶胶管及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及胶管技术领域,特别涉及一种耐乙醇汽油的丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)共混胶胶管及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对全球性能源危机和环境保护认识的不断深入,汽车中使用的燃料汽油逐步由乙醇部分替代。车用乙醇燃料也称为乙醇汽油,是指在不含MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)含氧添加剂的专用汽油组分油(由炼油厂或石油化工厂生产的用于调合车用乙醇汽油的调合油)中,按体积比加入一定比例(我国目前暂定为10%)的变性燃料乙醇,通过特定工艺混配而成的新一代清洁环保型车用燃料。它不影响汽车的行驶性能,还可以有效改善油品的性能和质量,同时降低一氧化碳、碳氢化合物等主要污染物排放(汽油中加入10%的燃料乙醇后,可使汽车尾气中一氧化碳排放量下降30%以上,碳氢化合物的排放量下降10%以上)。乙醇汽油作为一种新型清洁燃料,是目前世界上可再生能源的发展重点,符合我国能源替代战略和可再生能源发展方向,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。因此开发和制备一种耐乙醇汽油的胶管势在必行。
由于车用燃料汽油的组成发生了变化,对应的橡胶件必需适应乙醇汽油,原有的丁腈橡胶由于在乙醇汽油中出现明显的溶胀,已不能满足使用要求;虽然氟橡胶、氯醚橡胶耐乙醇汽油性能很好,但是加工工艺差,价格居高。由此可见,丁腈橡胶已不能满足现有燃料汽油的应用,而氟橡胶和氯醚橡胶价格太高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决汽车燃料使用乙醇汽油后胶管出现溶胀的问题,提出以丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯(NBR/PVC)为原材料并且采用挤出工艺,蒸汽硫化罐进行硫化,制作NBR/PVC胶管的制备方法;丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶由于具有耐乙醇汽油性能好,且价格低廉的特点,非常适合制备耐新型燃料汽油的胶管
本发明是依据不同的使用条件将NBR与PVC按85∶15~55∶45比例共混,在155℃~165℃的条件下在橡胶开炼机上机械共混而成的;所得的共混胶既有丁腈橡胶(NBR)良好的加工性能和弹性,又有聚氯乙烯优秀的化学稳定性和耐候性,而且还提高了NBR的耐油性,能够满足当前的使用要求。
本发明的胶管是三层结构,由内至外依次是:橡胶层1、增强层2、橡胶层3。胶管的规格尺寸和功能特性可根据各种汽车胶管的要求具体配置。
NBR/PVC胶管的制备方法如下:
1)、管胚制备过程
首先选择橡胶挤出机,螺杆的长径比为11-15之间,挤出机各阶段的温度控制为:机头温度为:70-90℃,挤出段温度为:65-85℃,塑化段温度为:65-85℃,喂料段温度为:60-80℃;
2)、冷却
将循环水温度控制在15±5℃之间,冷却定型,切割成规定长度,停放。
3)、蒸汽硫化罐硫化
将停放后的半成品,套在固定规格的芯棒上,进入蒸汽硫化罐硫化;硫化温度:150-170℃,硫化时间:15-40min。
NBR/PVC共混胶门尼粘度偏高,挤出时要求温度稍高,由于共混胶中混入了一定比例的聚氯乙烯,故产品表面光滑。选择橡胶挤出机,优先选用销钉机筒冷喂料挤出机,螺杆的长径比为11-15之间,并根据胶管的成品尺寸,选择合适的机针与口型,来保证胶管的尺寸。增强层:选择芳纶线或聚酯线,采用网状结构。
本发明解决了汽车燃料使用乙醇汽油后胶管出现的溶胀现象,且成本低,能够满足当前汽车行业发展的需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明耐乙醇燃油胶管。
图2为本发明耐乙醇燃油胶管的剖面图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
生产一种如图1和图2所示尺寸为41±0.5mm×51±0.5mm×230±3mm的NBR/PVC胶管,步骤如下:
1、胶料选择
该种胶管要求有中等的耐乙醇汽油性,选用70∶30的NBR/PVC共混胶在155℃~165℃的条件下在橡胶开炼机上机械共混。
2、管胚制造过程
选用长径比为12的销钉机筒冷喂料挤出机。
挤出内胶:机头温度为:85℃,挤出段温度为:75℃,塑化段温度为:70℃,喂料段温度为:60℃。
增强层选用芳纶线,采用针织结构。
挤出外胶:机头温度为:85℃,挤出段温度为:75℃,塑化段温度为:70℃,喂料段温度为:60℃。并选择50mm的机针与53mm的口型,来保证胶管的尺寸。
3、冷却
胶料从机头挤出后,温度较高,进行冷却,将循环水温度控制在15±5℃,冷却定型,切割长度230mm,停放。
4、蒸汽硫化罐硫化
将停放后的半成品,套在固定规格的芯棒上,进入蒸汽硫化罐硫化。
硫化温度:170℃  硫化时间:15min;
所制备的胶管是三层结构,由内至外依次是:橡胶层1、增强层2、橡胶层3。
将本产品的原始性能,耐臭氧性和耐乙醇汽油的变化与NBR胶管做对比,结果如下:
表1.NBR/PVC胶管与NBR胶管性能对比
  序号   项目   单位   NBR/PVC胶管   NBR胶管
  1   拉伸强度   Mpa   15.2   12.8
  2   扯断伸长率   %   362   374
  3   耐臭氧性50pphm×70h×20%无裂纹 无裂纹 有裂纹
  4   耐乙醇汽油23℃×24h
  4.1   硬度变化   HA   -11   -25
  4.2   体积变化   %   21.9   34.8
由表1可以得出,与NBR胶管相比NBR/PVC胶管的拉伸强度高,耐臭氧性能好,而且耐乙醇汽油性的硬度变化和体积变化都小,可见它对乙醇汽油的抗性更好,能够满足当前的使用要求。
实施例2:
生产一种尺寸为30±0.5mm×40±0.5mm×470±3mm的NBR/PVC胶管,方法步骤如实施例1所示,不同处是:
1、胶料选择
该种胶管要求有较高的耐乙醇汽油性,选用55∶45的NBR/PVC共混胶进行挤出。
2、管胚制造过程
选用长径比为11的橡胶挤出机。
挤出内胶:机头温度为:90℃,挤出段温度为:85℃,塑化段温度为:80℃,喂料段温度为:70℃。
增强层选用聚酯线,采用针织结构。
挤出外胶:机头温度为:90℃,挤出段温度为:85℃,塑化段温度为:80℃,喂料段温度为:70℃。并选择39mm的机针与41mm的口型,来保证胶管的尺寸。
3、冷却
胶料从机头挤出后,温度较高,进行冷却,将循环水温度控制在15±5℃,冷却定型,切割长度470mm,停放。
4、蒸汽硫化罐硫化
将停放后的半成品,套在固定规格的芯棒上,进入蒸汽硫化罐硫化。
硫化温度:160℃  硫化时间:25min;
所制备的胶管是三层结构,由内至外依次是:橡胶层1、增强层2、橡胶层3。
将本产品的原始性能,耐臭氧性和耐乙醇汽油的变化与NBR胶管做对比,结果如下:
表2.NBR/PVC胶管与NBR胶管性能对比
  序号   项目   单位   NBR/PVC胶管   NBR胶管
  1   拉伸强度   Mpa   16.3   12.7
  2   扯断伸长率   %   347   368
  3   耐臭氧性50pphm×70h×20%无裂纹 无裂纹 有裂纹
  4   耐乙醇汽油23℃×24h
  4.1   硬度变化   HA   -7   -24
  4.2   体积变化   %   13.6   33.3
由表2可以得出,与NBR胶管相比NBR/PVC胶管的拉伸强度高,耐臭氧性能好,而且耐乙醇汽油性的硬度变化和体积变化都小,可见它对乙醇汽油的抗性更好,能够满足当前的使用要求。
实施例3:
生产一种尺寸为8±0.4mm×16±0.4mm×530±3mm的NBR/PVC胶管,方法步骤如实施例1所示,不同处是:
1、胶料选择
该种胶管只要求较低的耐乙醇汽油性,选用80∶20的NBR/PVC共混胶进行挤出。
2、管胚制造过程
选用长径比为15的橡胶挤出机。
挤出内胶:机头温度为:80℃,挤出段温度为:70℃,塑化段温度为:60℃,喂料段温度为:60℃。
增强层选用芳纶线,采用编织结构。
挤出外胶:机头温度为:80℃,挤出段温度为:70℃,塑化段温度为:60℃,喂料段温度为:60℃。并选择15mm的机针与17mm的口型,来保证胶管的尺寸。
3、冷却
胶料从机头挤出后,温度较高,进行冷却,将循环水温度控制在15±5℃,冷却定型,切割长度530mm,停放。
4、蒸汽硫化罐硫化
将停放后的半成品,套在固定规格的芯棒上,进入蒸汽硫化罐硫化。
硫化温度:150℃  硫化时间:40min;
所制备的胶管是三层结构,由内至外依次是:橡胶层1、增强层2、橡胶层3。
表3.NBR/PVC胶管与NBR胶管性能对比
  序号   项目   单位   NBR/PVC胶管   NBR胶管
  1   拉伸强度   Mpa   14.1   13.0
  2   扯断伸长率   %   367   394
  3   耐臭氧性50pphm×70h×20%无裂纹 无裂纹 有裂纹
  4   耐乙醇汽油23℃×24h
  4.1   硬度变化   HA   -14   -25
  4.2   体积变化   %   25.2   34.6
由表3可以得出,与NBR胶管相比NBR/PVC胶管的拉伸强度高,耐臭氧性能好,而且耐乙醇汽油性的硬度变化和体积变化都小,可见它对乙醇汽油的抗性更好,能够满足当前的使用要求。

Claims (3)

1.一种耐乙醇汽油的丁腈橡胶和聚氯乙烯共混胶胶管的制备方法,其特征是将丁腈橡胶和聚氯乙烯按重量百分比85∶15~55∶45比例,在155℃~165℃的条件下在橡胶开炼机上机械共混而成的,步骤如下:
1)、管胚制备过程
首先选择橡胶挤出机,螺杆的长径比为11-15之间,挤出机各阶段的温度控制为:机头温度为:70-90℃,挤出段温度为:65-85℃,塑化段温度为:65-85℃,喂料段温度为:60-80℃;
2)、冷却
将循环水温度控制在15±5℃之间,冷却定型,切割成规定长度,停放;
3)、蒸汽硫化罐硫化
将停放后的半成品,套在固定规格的芯棒上,进入蒸汽硫化罐硫化;硫化温度:150-170℃,硫化时间:15-40min。
2.如权利要求1所述的胶管的制备方法,其特征是所述的橡胶挤出机为销钉机筒冷喂料挤出机。
3.如权利要求1所述的胶管的制备方法,其特征是所述的胶管为三层结构,由内至外依次是:橡胶层(1)、增强层(2)、橡胶层(3)。
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CN101805467B (zh) * 2009-12-08 2012-10-10 天津鹏翎胶管股份有限公司 丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶耐乙醇汽油的胶管
CN101724183B (zh) * 2009-12-10 2011-11-30 天津鹏翎胶管股份有限公司 用于负压波纹管的配方
CN102095028A (zh) * 2010-12-08 2011-06-15 天津鹏翎胶管股份有限公司 动力转向回油软管及制备方法
CN102219945B (zh) * 2011-05-24 2016-08-03 天津市天宇胶管有限公司 一种燃气胶管用的橡胶的制备方法和制品
CN103554579A (zh) * 2013-11-05 2014-02-05 天津鹏翎胶管股份有限公司 低渗透加油软管组合物及制备方法
CN104494110A (zh) * 2014-12-03 2015-04-08 东莞日进电线有限公司 一种硅胶异型管二次成型的方法
CN105017593A (zh) * 2015-06-30 2015-11-04 临海市四通制管有限公司 一种用于输送压缩天然气的氢化丁腈橡胶及其制备方法
CN114773741A (zh) * 2022-06-01 2022-07-22 徐州市华为工程机械有限公司 一种热塑性胶管及其制备工艺

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