CN101484390A - 二卤代-羟基二苯醚作为抗微生物剂在水处理中的用途 - Google Patents
二卤代-羟基二苯醚作为抗微生物剂在水处理中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 2
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- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BYNQFCJOHGOKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BYNQFCJOHGOKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
- B01D65/022—Membrane sterilisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2321/168—Use of other chemical agents
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2325/48—Antimicrobial properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本发明提供了二卤代-羟基二苯醚在水纯化系统,尤其是膜过滤系统中,作为抗微生物剂的用途。所述抗微生物剂保护膜系统不受细菌和/或藻类的腐坏,并有助于维持膜过滤工艺的高效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般性地涉及抗微生物剂(antimicrobial)在水处理工艺(watertreatment process)中的用途;更具体地,涉及二卤代-羟基二苯醚在可能暴露于细菌污染的水纯化系统(water purification system)中的用途。
对在水处理中使用的用于制备例如饮用水、工艺用水或冷却水,或者改善它们的质量的设备进行净化(decontamination)是本发明的一个基本的实施方式。
背景技术
已经知道的是,聚合物和塑料,例如它们用作基质(substrate)上的涂层(coatings)时,如果时常暴露于水、潮湿(dampness)或湿气(moisture),那么聚合物和塑料可能会遭受细菌或藻类的腐坏(decay)。
细菌群落和藻类群落的生物被膜(biofilm)能够居留在这些基质的表面上从而增加了腐坏速度。已经提出了在空气过滤系统中使用某些抗微生物剂(AU-B-2001242108)。JP-A-2003-041293披露了用作排出口中的粘液去除剂(slime remover)的若干组分,该组分包括三氯生(triclosan)或二氯生(diclosan)。类似的组分已经显示出在皮肤消毒中有效地起作用(EP-A-259249),或者显示出可被完全地生物降解(Full Public report TinosanHP100,Natl.Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme,Sydney,AU,Oct.27,2004)。
在封闭的水系统(水的纯化、脱盐)中,使用例如塑料部件如管子、过滤器、阀门或容器能够遭受细菌或藻类的定殖(colonization)和生物被膜的形成,对过滤效率如膜透过性(流速)产生严重损害,接着导致物质的变质和环路液体(circuit liquid)的污染。
藻类或细菌的生物被膜形成能够使所述表面产生其它问题,导致流体动力学性质(hydrodynamic property)的不希望的改变,以及影响例如管子中的流速,或者还影响船舶、海洋应用或其它湖沼学应用的无故障使用。
现在已经发现,通过使用某些具有二卤代-羟基二苯醚基团的抗微生物化合物,例如通过将所述化合物结合到基质如聚合物涂层和/或塑料涂层中,或者任选地通过用含所述抗微生物化合物的漂洗液(rinsing liquor)漂洗所述基质(涂层)的表面,能够克服这些缺点。
发明内容
因此,本发明的基本目的是二卤代-羟基-二苯醚化合物在水处理系统,例如用于处理对饮用水和/或废水的纯化和净化系统中,作为抗微生物剂的用途。
在优选的实施方式中,所述水处理在膜过滤系统(membrane filtrationsystem)中进行。
本发明的另一目的是维持所述水处理系统的效率的方法,所述方法通过用卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物处理所述膜系统,保护膜本身和其它必需设备如进料管和排出管、阀门和容器(下文中称为:膜系统或膜过滤系统)不受细菌和藻类的腐坏。
本发明的又一目的是用含二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物的漂洗液漂洗水处理系统,以保护所述水处理系统不受细菌和/或藻类腐坏的方法,所述水处理系统优选为所述的膜系统。
下面将以更详细的方式描述本发明的这些和其它目的。
具体实施方式
所述创造性使用的二卤代-羟基二苯醚可以是具有通式(1)的已知化合物,
在(1)中
Y是氯或溴,
Z是SO2H、NO2、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C6烷基羰基、苯基或C1-C3烷基取代的苯基,
p是0、1或2,
m是1或2,以及
n是0或1;
且更尤其是具有式(2)的二氯-2-羟基二苯醚,
特别优选的是具有式(3)的4,4’-二氯-2-羟基二苯醚,
式(1)至(3)的抗微生物剂也可以作为两种或两种以上化合物的混合物使用,并且它们还可以与其它抗微生物物质组合,以拓宽作用范围和/或得到协同效应。
抗微生物剂的作用扩展至例如大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)或绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)菌株的革兰氏阳性菌(gram-positive bacteria)和革兰氏阴性菌(gram-negative bacteria),和在含水环境中可能存在的其它细菌,以及扩展至酵母(yeast)、皮肤真菌(dermatophyte)、藻类和其它微生物。
其中使用了二卤代-羟基二苯醚的水处理工艺的一个具体实施方式是在膜系统中水的纯化(脱盐)和净化工艺。
主要由聚合有机材料制备的半透膜可以是已知用于反渗透、超滤、纳滤(nanofiltration)和/或微滤(microfiltration)的半透膜。
它们可以是流延膜(cast membrane)或复合膜,以及可以具有平板构型或中空纤维构型。
此外,它们可以是不对称的或对称的。不对称膜在膜的一面上的孔径尺寸(pore size)与在另一面上的孔径尺寸不同。对称膜在两面上具有相同的孔径尺寸。
用抗微生物的二卤代-羟基二苯醚处理膜材料(在膜形成前)或膜(完成的结构)包括例如将微生物剂结合(incorporation)到膜材料中或膜结构中,或者结合到膜的表面(涂层)中。所述结合包括例如沉淀法或模塑(挤出)法。
所述抗微生物剂通常良好地固定在聚合物质(polymeric material)中,即,它们通常是非浸出的(non-leachable)。
所述膜系统包括至少一个流延半透膜(cast semi-permeable membrane),该流延半透膜具有聚合结构(polymeric structure)和非浸出的抗微生物剂,该非浸出的抗微生物剂结合到聚合物质中并遍及所述材料分散,或者任选地,在涂层中分散。
用于膜的聚合物质可以选自乙酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚酰胺、聚酯、芳族聚砜、芳族聚亚苯基砜(aromatic polyphenylenesulfone)、芳族聚醚砜、双酚化合物(bisphenols)、聚醚酮、磺化聚醚酮、聚酰胺砜(polyamide sulfone)、聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride)、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯或其混合物。
优选的是乙酸纤维素膜、聚丙烯腈膜、聚酰胺砜膜和聚偏二氟乙烯膜,所述膜均结合有非浸出的抗微生物的二卤代-羟基二苯醚。
膜效率(例如关于过滤性质或流速的性能)通常不受结合的抗微生物剂的影响,该抗微生物剂防止细菌在膜的表面上形成生物被膜或破坏膜。
基于膜基质(membrane substrate)的重量,抗微生物剂的浓度可以为约0.01至2.0重量%,优选为0.1至2.0重量%。
包括抗微生物剂的半透膜的制备通常是本领域已知的。
乙酸纤维素膜例如由复合溶液(铸膜液(dope solution))在支撑物(support)(织物)上流延形成,所述复合溶液含例如二乙酸纤维素和三乙酸纤维素的混合物和如上所述的量的抗微生物剂。所用的溶剂是例如二氧六环/丙酮混合物,在该溶剂中抗微生物剂也易溶。
可以使它们在支撑物(聚酯织物)上流延并在较低温度沉淀。
在由例如聚丙烯腈聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酮、聚偏二氟乙烯或磺化聚偏二氟乙烯制备中空纤维膜中,所用的溶剂是例如非质子溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮,及其混合物。
抗微生物剂易溶于所述溶剂中,当例如通过使铸膜液通过喷丝头(spinneret),使非溶剂与铸膜液接触时,所述抗微生物剂将与聚合物一起沉淀,从而形成中空纤维。
复合膜如复合聚酰胺膜可以通过将聚砜和抗微生物剂的铸膜液流延到增强织物(聚酯)上制备。当与水接触时,所述聚砜和抗微生物剂沉淀到增强织物上并形成薄膜(film)。然后,在干燥后,将该聚砜薄膜(膜)用胺溶液浸湿,使得在聚砜膜上形成聚酰胺层。在干燥后,得到用于反渗透的复合膜。
在本发明的可选实施方式中,通过用漂洗液漂洗整个系统(膜、管子、容器等),可以使膜过滤系统具有抗微生物性能,基于液体重量,所述漂洗液含0.01至2.0重量%的抗微生物剂。通常抗微生物剂对膜(过滤)系统的聚合物质是耐用的(substantive),并且通过扩散至聚合物质的顶层(例如涂层)中,可以得到持久的保护,防止生物被膜的生长和细菌和藻类的腐坏。
漂洗法也适用于使抗微生物活性已耗尽了的膜过滤系统恢复抗微生物活性。
优选地,所述漂洗液(其是本发明的另一目的)是含抗微生物剂和常规组分的水性制剂(aqueous formulation),所述常规组分例如是表面活性剂(其可以是非离子化合物、阴离子化合物或两性离子化合物)、多价螯合剂(sequestering agent)、水溶助剂(hydrotrope)、碱金属氢氧化物(碱性的来源)、防腐剂、填料、染料、香料和其它组分。
所述组分及其在漂洗液中的用途是本领域技术人员公知的。
所述抗微生物剂对于防止存在于水中的几乎所有种类的细菌的生长是非常有效的,不从膜浸出,对人类和动物皮肤安全和无毒,并且显示良好的生物降解性,总而言之,与例如三氯-羟基二苯醚(其也用作抗微生物剂)相比,所述抗微生物剂在含水环境中显示更加良好的生态特性(ecologicalprofile)。
下列实施例将用于说明本发明,但不限制本发明范围。
如果没有另外说明,份数和百分数均是以重量数给出。温度以摄氏度给出。
实施例
乙酸纤维素膜由铸膜液流延形成,所述铸膜液含约20重量%的二乙酸纤维素和三乙酸纤维素的混合物,以及分别0.5重量%和2.0重量%的式(3)的抗微生物剂。溶剂是二氧六环和丙酮(2:1;重量/重量)的混合物。
然后分析流延膜,结果显示,超过90%的抗微生物剂与乙酸纤维素聚合物一起沉淀并保留在膜中。
而且,将所述乙酸纤维素膜用于脱盐工艺(desalination process)中的反渗透组件(reverse osmosis module)中。
测试所述反渗透组件以测定存在于渗透物(permeate)中的任何细菌。
在一个月的运转时间之后,在渗透物中和在膜上没有能够发现细菌,并且流速和高脱盐率(超过96%)没有受到任何影响。
Claims (17)
1.二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物在水处理工艺中作为抗微生物剂的用途。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述水处理工艺包括对饮用水和/或废水的纯化和净化。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述水处理工艺是在膜过滤系统中进行的。
6.一种维持膜水过滤系统效率的方法,所述方法包括通过利用二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物处理所述膜水过滤系统来保护所述系统不受细菌和/或藻类的腐坏。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述处理包括将所述二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物结合到膜结构中或者任选地结合到膜结构的表面层(涂层)中。
8.如权利要求6或7的任意一项中所述的方法,其中所述膜由有机聚合物制备,所述有机聚合物优选选自:乙酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚酰胺、聚酯、芳族聚砜、芳族聚亚苯基砜、芳族聚醚砜、双酚化合物、聚醚酮、磺化聚醚酮、聚酰胺砜、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯,或者它们的混合物。
11.如权利要求6至10中任意一项所述的方法,其中利用卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物的处理是通过利用沉淀法或模塑(挤出)法而进行的。
12.如权利要求7至11中任意一项所述的方法,其中所述二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物的量占膜物质重量的0.01至2.0重量%。
13.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述处理是通过用含水漂洗液漂洗所述膜过滤系统进行的,所述含水漂洗液包含二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物,优选为式(1)至(3)的二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中基于所述含水漂洗液的重量,所述含水漂洗液包含0.01至2.0重量%的所述二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物。
15.一种在膜过滤系统中水处理的方法,该方法包括将二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物结合到膜中和/或用二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物对膜过滤系统进行抗微生物处理的步骤。
16.如权利要求1所述的二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物在含水抗微生物漂洗液中的用途。
17.如权利要求16所述的用途,其中基于所述含水抗微生物漂洗液重量,所述含水抗微生物漂洗液包括0.01至2.0重量%的所述二卤代-羟基二苯醚化合物。
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