CN101484310B - 用于复合镶嵌玻璃的压印塑料薄膜 - Google Patents

用于复合镶嵌玻璃的压印塑料薄膜 Download PDF

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CN101484310B
CN101484310B CN200780025717XA CN200780025717A CN101484310B CN 101484310 B CN101484310 B CN 101484310B CN 200780025717X A CN200780025717X A CN 200780025717XA CN 200780025717 A CN200780025717 A CN 200780025717A CN 101484310 B CN101484310 B CN 101484310B
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H·斯滕泽尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于复合镶嵌玻璃的压印塑料薄膜，它至少在一面上具有由平行设置的隆起(a)行组成的表面结构，它们通过比隆起低至少10％高度的短臂(b)相互连接。所述薄膜可以用于加工复合玻璃层合体。

Description

用于复合镶嵌玻璃的压印塑料薄膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于加工复合镶嵌玻璃的塑料薄膜，它具有至少一个侧面，配有通过短臂连接的隆起的表面结构，本发明还涉及这种塑料薄膜的使用。
背景技术
在加工复合镶嵌玻璃时使用的塑料薄膜(中间层薄膜)通常具有有目的涂覆的粗糙度，因为由此在层合过程中可以去除夹杂在玻璃板与中间层薄膜之间的空气。
为了产生中间层薄膜的粗糙度大多使用中断熔液-挤出工艺。在EP0 185 863B1中公开了在中断熔液条件下挤出塑料薄膜并且提供具有不规则表面的薄膜。
在大批量加工复合镶嵌玻璃、例如汽车挡风玻璃时优选使用具有准直的、规则的表面结构的薄膜。通过压印工艺产生这种表面结构。
在大量由现有技术已知的压印工艺中使塑料薄膜单面或双面地在两个辊之间配有规则的或不规则的压印图形。EP 1 233 007A1公开了加工具有通过通道形成规则的表面结构的中间层薄膜。使通道通过筋相互分开，其中筋可以具有搭接通道的开孔。此外可以在通道中存在阻挡，它们防止层合体太快地排气。另一方面不允许夹杂的空气太快地并因此不可控地逸出，因为否则可能产生层合体的提前部分封闭。
在WO 95/19885中描述了类似的通道结构。在这里中间层薄膜的两个侧面具有一个通道结构，但是为了避免波纹图形使它们以＞25°的角度相互设置。在这里具有用于排气的中断的通道，它们在薄膜的长度上只在两个对置的边缘上提供排气可能性。由此尤其可以构成边缘封闭。
由US 6,093,471也描述了中间层薄膜，具有由V形、不中断的筋构成的表面结构，它们形成一个通道形的系统。为了抑制中间层薄膜的固有粘性使V形筋具有确定的曲率半径。
US 6,077,374公开了一个中间层薄膜，它在一面上具有不规则的、通过中断熔液挤出加工的表面并且在另一面上具有规则的、通过压印产生的表面结构。
US 4,452,840公开了具有岛状的隆起的薄膜，它们能够实现到薄膜所有侧面的快速排气。在太快熔化隆起时对于这种表面结构存在着层合体部分封闭的危险。
除了良好的排气特性以外在加工复合镶嵌玻璃时中间层薄膜不允许引起视觉的缺陷位置，即，表面结构必需在层合工艺中完全熔化。仍然必需使表面结构尽可能完全地逸出夹杂的空气，即，不允许它们太快地熔化，而是必需具有足够的机械和热稳定性。
在现有技术中描述的表面结构在这里还要进一步改进。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提供一个具有表面结构的塑料薄膜，它在加工复合镶嵌玻璃时显示出良好的排气特性。
因此本发明的内容是一个塑料薄膜，它至少在一面上具有一个由平行设置的隆起(a)行构成的表面结构，它们通过比隆起低至少10％高度的短臂(b)相互连接，其中使平行设置的行这样相互错开地设置，使一行的隆起邻接相邻行的短臂并且形成一个公共的谷底(c)。在最简单的情况下使两个相邻行的隆起和短臂交替地涂覆在薄膜上。
按照本发明的薄膜在加工复合镶嵌玻璃层合体时具有特别好的排气特性，因为空气不只通过隆起之间的谷底逸出而且也与其垂直地通过隆起之间的短臂逸出。这一点在层合体提前封闭时是有利的，因为夹杂的空气还可以通过其它的敞开的边缘位置逸出。
重要的是，使夹杂在层合体中的空气可以向着许多侧面以相同的方式逸出。通过按照本发明的表面结构避免按照US 4,52,840或EP 1 233007可能足够快地排气，同时不太快地熔化隆起，例如对于岛状的隆起。
按照本发明的薄膜隆起赋予表面结构一定的机械和热稳定性，因为在复合镶嵌玻璃的加工条件下首先熔化较高的隆起并且使玻璃板放置在较低的短臂上。因为空气总是还可以在短臂之间逸出，由此得到薄膜在层合工艺中突出的排气特性。
按照本发明的薄膜表面结构通过压印涂覆到塑料薄膜上。为此需要使要被压印的结构作为阴模涂覆压印辊上并且使塑料薄膜以足够的力顶压在压印辊上。适合的方法由专业人员所公知并且例如可以由EP 0741 640B1，US 5,972,280，US 4,671,913，US 2003/0022015，WO01/72509，0 US 6,077,374或US 6,093,471中得出。
在图1和2中示出按照本发明使用的结构。在俯视和侧视图中隆起以(a)表示而位于隆起之间的短臂以(b)表示。相邻行的隆起和短臂具有一个公共的谷底(c)，它几乎是不中断的。在图1和2中所示的结构仅仅示出按照本发明使用的结构的示例；本发明不局限于这个几何形状。图3示出具有按照图1结构的压印辊的表面照片。
按照本发明薄膜的表面结构在理想的情况下具有按照图1或2的质量。根据在压印工艺中的工艺参数(速度、薄膜温度、压印辊温度、压印压力)可以使按照本发明薄膜的表面结构的质量与其偏离。因此在本发明的范围内上述结构尺寸是平均值。平均值通过至少10个相同目标的测量值(例如10个隆起的高度)确定并接着算术地求得。高度数据涉及位于隆起之间的谷底，其中作为“零高度”求得在0.5cm间隔上的谷底平均高度。隆起或短臂的高度通过隆起或短臂的各两个最高和最低点的平均值确定。对于宽度数据类似地处理，其中要被确定的宽度在至少5个点上确定。
按照本发明薄膜的表面结构的隆起和短臂设置在平行的行里面。这些行的走向在本发明的范围内指的是这个方向，在该方向行延续，如同例如在图1中所示的方向(d)。而说明“不同走向”涉及垂直于走向的方向，例如图1中的(e)或(f)。
优选使隆起具有一个在行相同和/或不同走向上确定的宽度为在相同走向上确定的短臂宽度的110至400％、优选150至300％、尤其180至220％。如果在不同走向上确定隆起和短臂的宽度，则得到在图1中以(e)和(f)表示的宽度。
在行的相同和/或不同走向上确定的两个谷底之间的隆起(a)最大宽度为100至750μm，优选100至300μm，尤其150至250μm或300至750μm，优选500至750μm。
类似地使两个谷底之间的短臂(b)在行相同和/或不同走向上的最大宽度为50至250μm，尤其100至200μm.
短臂具有比隆起低至少10％的高度。太低的短臂高度不改进薄膜的排气特性。因此短臂的高度至少为隆起高度的51％、优选67％且尤其75％。这意味着，短臂的高度可以具有比隆起高度低10至49％、尤其10至33％、且特别优选10至25％的高度。
优选使在两行之间构成的谷底(c)几乎不中断，即，谷底具有在压印技术范围内能够实现的光滑的没有阻挡的走向。在行走向上确定的谷底宽度、即两行之间的最深点要尽可能小并且具有最大0至50μm、尤其1至40μm的宽度。
优选使隆起(a)具有60-250μm的高度，尤其100至200μm(图1中的h)。短臂(b)的宽度可以为30-225μm，尤其50至100μm(图1中的g)。
所述隆起(a)可以具有菱形或锥形的形状，它不仅可以对称而且可以非对称地构成。
所述隆起(a)的底面可以圆形、四角形、六角形或八角形地分别对称或非对称地构成。连接隆起的短臂(b)优选具有半圆形或屋顶形的形状。
按照本发明的塑料薄膜可以单面或双面通过上述的表面结构构成。
如果塑料薄膜的两个表面具有上述的表面结构，则它们相互间具有一个在行走向上确定的角度(例如通过隆起上的虚拟连接线)。在本发明的一个变化中优选0至45°的角度，尤其1至45°并且在另一变化中为45至90°的角度。通过不同于0°的角度可以避免在复合镶嵌玻璃中形成所谓的波纹图形。
按照本发明的塑料薄膜在实践中具有带状的长矩形形状。这一点尤其在通过挤出加工的薄膜中出现。在继续加工按照本发明的塑料薄膜时可以有利地使平行设置的薄膜结构行具有与薄膜走向不同于0°的角度。为了改善层合体的排气特性优选这个角度为10至80°。
按照本发明的塑料薄膜优选通过挤出聚合材料获得。所述塑料薄膜优选包括由含有增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛、含有增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯醇共聚物、部分缩醛化的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯醇共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚氯乙烯和/或聚氨酯组成的组的材料。这种材料对于专业人员是公知的并且无需详细描述。
压印工艺本身以公知的方式实行。在欧洲申请Nr.06112159或06112163中描述了适合的工艺。在实践中已经证实，使薄膜以尽可能低的粗糙度Rz1-30通过上述表面结构压印。这种薄膜可以通过挤出薄膜在熔化断开条件下例如按照EP 0185863获得。
按照本发明的薄膜在加工复合镶嵌玻璃时具有突出的排气特性。因此优选使用上述的薄膜用于加工由一个或多个塑料薄膜和至少两个玻璃板或塑料板制成的复合镶嵌玻璃层合体。这种复合体的加工由专业人员公知并且例如可以查阅WO 03/033583。
示例
在橡胶挤压辊与具有与图2反转薄膜加工的压印辊之间压印一个含有增塑剂的PVB薄膜，它由72.5重量百分比的PVB、25.0重量百分比的钾和镁盐的3G8制成，作为防粘附措施具有双面粗糙度Rz≤5μm。接着将这样获得的单面压印薄膜在第二压印级中以一致的特性在第二面上加工成双面压印的薄膜。
橡胶挤压辊：
橡胶辊硬度：70±5肖氏
橡胶辊直径：255mm
压印辊(按照图2反转的结构)：
压印辊直径：245mm
隆起高度约135μm
隆起宽度约310μm
隆起在走向上的距离约410μm
短臂高度约65μm
短臂宽度约130μm。
图4示出一个含有这种薄膜的表面照片。
接着将薄膜衬入到两个玻璃板之间并且在室温下超过20min并接着分别以25min在75℃或95℃下在200mbar绝对压力下的真空柜中加工成几乎透明的预复合物。将具有通过中断熔液产生的不规则薄膜结构(例如按照EP 0 185 863)的薄膜与相同的预复合工艺进行比较。
图5和6示出通过按照本发明的薄膜加工的预复合物，以75℃或95℃的预复合温度加工。预复合物几乎是透明的并且没有气泡或混浊。
相应地图7和8示出由具有中断熔液表面的薄膜加工的预复合物(75℃或95℃加工温度)。预混合物含有空气泡并且是相应混浊的。
夹杂的空气可能导致最终的复合玻璃的缺陷(例如气泡)。而在通过按照本发明的薄膜加工的预复合物中不再有空气，由此实际上可以排除形成气泡的危险。
压印的薄膜在加工复合玻璃时与具有不规则中断熔液表面的薄膜相比具有明显更好的排气特性。

Claims (16)

1.一种塑料薄膜，它至少在一面上具有由平行设置的隆起(a)行组成的表面结构，它们通过比隆起低至少10％高度的短臂(b)相互连接，其特征在于，使平行设置的行这样相互错开地设置，使一行的隆起邻接相邻行的短臂并且形成一个公共的谷底(c)，其中，在两行之间构成的谷底(c)是几乎不中断的。
2.如权利要求1所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，在行相同和/或不同的走向上确定的隆起(a)宽度为在相同走向上确定的短臂宽度的110至400％。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，在两行之间构成的谷底(c)具有朝着行走向确定的最大宽度0-50μm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述隆起(a)具有60-250μm的高度。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述隆起(a)具有两个谷底之间最大100-750μm的宽度。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述短臂(b)具有30-225μm的高度。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述短臂(b)具有一个在行相同和/或不同走向上确定的在两个谷底之间50-250μm的最大宽度。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述隆起(a)具有菱形或锥形的形状。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述隆起(a)具有圆形、四角形、六角形或八角形的底面。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述短臂(b)具有半圆形或屋顶形的形状。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，平行设置的行与薄膜的走向形成一个10至80°的夹角。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述塑料薄膜的两个表面具有表面结构。
13.如权利要求12所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述塑料薄膜两个表面的平行设置的行相互间具有一个在行走向上确定的0至45°的角度。
14.如权利要求13所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述塑料薄膜两个表面的平行设置的行相互间具有一个在行走向上确定的45至90°的角度。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料薄膜，其特征在于，所述塑料薄膜包括由含有增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛、含有增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯醇共聚物、部分缩醛化的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯醇共聚物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚氯乙烯和/或聚氨酯组成的组的材料。
16.使用如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的塑料薄膜加工复合镶嵌玻璃。
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