CN101483567A

CN101483567A - High voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on wireless communication and optical communication

Info

Publication number: CN101483567A
Application number: CNA2008101849763A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王炫; 张文柱; 刘扬; 周慧; 丛琳
Original assignee: Northwest China Grid Co Ltd
Current assignee: Northwest China Grid Co Ltd
Priority date: 2008-12-19
Filing date: 2008-12-19
Publication date: 2009-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2028-12-19
Also published as: CN101483567B

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-tension transmission line monitoring method on the basis of wireless communication and photo-communication for overcoming the faults of limited functions, small band width, high running cost and low reliability in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: 1. setting wireless monitoring nodes on the transmission line towers; selecting a particular tower along the line at an interval of 20-30 kilometers as a convergent point tower and simultaneously installing wireless monitoring nodes and photo-communication nodes on the convergent point tower and transforming plants on the two ends of the line; 2. the wireless monitoring nodes acquiring monitoring data, the wireless monitoring nodes of the towers in the area where the convergent point tower locates transmit the monitoring data to the photo-communication nodes on the convergent point tower by using a multi-hop forwarding method, each photo-communication node transmits the monitoring data to a monitoring center by using a multi-hop forwarding method. According to the invention, information monitored by thousands of sensors installed on towers of each level can be transmitted back to a junction centre for realizing the real-time monitoring of the whole high-tension transmission line.

Description

A kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication

Technical field

The present invention relates to high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method, relate in particular to a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication.

Background technology

Power industry is important foundation industry and the public utilities that involve the interests of the state and the people, and safe, the stable and sufficient supplies of electric power is the important leverage condition of national economy overall, concerted and sustainable development.

The transmission line especially overhead transmission line of voltage levels is the lifeblood of electric power system, the quality of its management had both directly affected safety, the stable operation of electrical network, influenced the power delivery quality again, so, strengthen most important to the operational management work of transmission line.Under present technical conditions, line data-logging is an element task that ensures transmission line and auxiliary device safe and stable operation thereof, its particular content is: grasp the variation of circuit operation conditions and surrounding environment by walkaround inspection, discovering device defective and the hidden danger that jeopardizes line security, concrete maintenance content is proposed, so that in time eliminate defective, the generation of preventing accident, or fault is limited in minimum zone, guarantee the safety and the power system stability of transmission line, reach the operational objective of electric power system " safety, economic, many " for, the few damage.

Patrolling and examining of present domestic supergrid circuit adopts usually that artificial patrolling method is investigated, maintenance safety hidden danger, ensures power circuit safety.The track walker makes an inspection tour by tower along the line on ground, sometimes needs to climb up iron tower or takes the coaster that hangs on the circuit and patrol and examine along the line, and this operating type has following shortcoming: 1) management difficulty is big, and is dumb, and scheduled overhaul needs to have a power failure; 2) need the professional personnel that ascend a height, require high peopleware and sense of responsibility; 3) the line walking cycle is long, labour intensity is big, dangerous height; 4) efficient is low, and the loss height has very big composition gambly.The patrolman who is carried out in the Beijing Olympic period of the protection of electricity with certain Utilities Electric Co. is as example, in order to patrol and examine 15 circuits (38.176 kilometers of length, iron tower 109 bases), whole set out altogether during the course of the Olympic Games track walker 9673 people/time, 1881/time on vehicle, detect 945/time of terminals, but real major hidden danger and the accident of finding and disposing has only 5 times; 5) expense height.According to the survey report of State Grid Corporation of China, be example with 500 kilovolt of 50,000 kilometers of total lengths, the expense that is used for conventional line walking is annual 2.1 hundred million yuan.In recent years, superhigh pressure and ultra high voltage large-capacity power circuit (500kV, 750kV, 1000kV) beginning are built in a large number, the geographical environment of various complexity need be passed through in the circuit corridor, as through depopulated zones such as marsh, jungle, Gobi desert and high and steep mountains, these all make the traditional circuit of power circuit patrol and examine work difficulty more.Particularly pass through geological disasters such as virgin forest border district, high height above sea level, the ice and snow area of coverage and the frequent landslide of existence along the line, mud-rock flow for power circuit, high slope, most of regional mountain is steep, when transport and communication was extremely undeveloped, the daily detection that how to solve power circuit became a great difficult problem of puzzlement power industry.Especially through after ice and snow in 2008, the earthquake disaster, it is especially outstanding that this problem seems.

In recent years, some electric power enterprise has been attempted the use helicopter and has been patrolled and examined, though operating efficiency is increased, but expense is higher, safety problem is outstanding, for example: between in March, 2008 ice and snow disaster phase, helicopter of capital, Beijing China General Aviation Corp falls when carrying out high-voltage line inspection task in Chenzhou, Hunan, causes very great society influence.

Because there are many deficiencies in the above-mentioned operating type of patrolling and examining, power department and some scientific research institutions have developed crusing robot system, and this system is made up of crusing robot and mobile base station, ground.Robot can walk and leaping over obstacles on extra high voltage network along the line, carry the degree of impairment that video camera detects transmission facility, and detected data and image are sent to ground base station by wireless transmitting system, so that the ground staff grasps the running status of transmission line timely and accurately, failure conditions such as the damage of discovery line facility, defective.Succeeding in developing of superelevation line ball crusing robot alleviated the labour intensity of artificial line walking, reduces the operation expense of high voltage power transmission, helps improving the quality and the scientific management technical merit of patrolling and examining operation.Therefore but robot still needs manually to control at the scene, is subjected to landform and traffic restriction, for example can not work well in the place that has barrier to block can't to communicate by letter.

In addition, there is a basic defective in routine inspection mode cited more than.That is, the problem that line data-logging solved has limitation, can only effectively find owing to the own defective of natural cause or system, through the fault that forms after the slow process of accumulating over a long period.And for short-term incident (as: heating of load circuit and joint when unusual, sag changes) or contingency event (as: manpower destroys, unexpected natural calamity etc.), be difficult to grasp field data by method for inspecting, and in time make a response.

On the other hand, because social and economic development is more and more higher to the requirement of supply of electric power quality, country has proposed to build the target of strong electrical network and the requirement of fine-grained management, also impel electric power enterprise to the management maintenance of transmission line to informationization and intelligent development.The technical staff begins to pay close attention to the more information of transmission line, and with the foundation of these information, for example as work such as Electric Power Network Planning design, science scheduling, operation maintenance: circuit operating mode under the various mode of operations (as: heating, sag change), operating mode under the various meteorological conditions (as: wind excited vibration, wave, icing) and when various accidents (as: geological disaster, accident, artificial destruction) field conditions etc. of transmission line.It should be noted that above-mentioned multiple information needs to obtain by long period or real-time monitored, and rely on traditional pattern of patrolling and examining to be difficult to satisfy these requirements, the amount of information of obtaining is very limited.

Owing to there being above reason, it is very necessary to develop new ultra-high-tension power transmission line monitoring technology.Information and electronics technology, the especially progress of communication and sensor technology in recent years also makes this effort become possibility, and some scientific research institutions and electric power enterprise have begun the exploration of correlation technique aspect.But, at present for as He Jianshe economy, be suitable for, ultra-high-tension power transmission line monitoring system efficiently, go back complete, the ripe solution of neither one.Existing solution general thought is: install transducer on circuit and iron tower at different levels, the information that monitors is sent back monitoring center by certain communication mode.Core difficult point wherein realizes the transmission of monitoring information adopting which kind of technique construction communication network.

Solution for this problem in the existing research is broadly divided into following a few class:

One, use the public network of telecom operators to carry out transfer of data.

As use public phone network add Modem data communication mode, use public network wired data communication mode, use the data communication mode of public wireless net.

The basic ideas of above scheme all are to use the public network of telecom operators to carry out transfer of data.When wherein using wire communication mode such as phone or ADSL, because can relate to the problem that lays subscribers feeder in the high-pressure area, security risk and economic cost are huge, are adding the restriction of network coverage, are not suitable for the high-tension line monitoring basically.Therefore most technical scheme all adopts wireless mode to solve communication issue, the data transport service of for example using the public network wireless system to provide, as: GSM, GPRS, CDMA, WiMAX, the information of finishing transmits.

More than use the mode of public network wireless service to have following shortcoming:

1) limited coverage area of public network mainly in densely populated areas, generally can't cover transmission line whole process.

2) at present the type service and the data rate that provide of public network is limited, can't satisfy the demand of high-rate services such as picture circuit video monitoring information transmission.For example: GSM data rate 9.6Kbps; The theoretic maximum transmission rate of GPRS is 171.2Kbps, actual flank speed is relevant with the channel assignment scheme that operator adopts, add user's public affairs in the public network and enjoy the intrinsic propesties of bandwidth, each user's mean data rate and can not guarantee service quality between 20～40kbps usually.

3) reliability of public network itself is difficult to satisfy the reliability requirement of power monitoring system.For example: in earthquake disaster in 2008, a lot of public networks can't use, and when needing monitoring system to play a role just this moment.

4) the public network service charge is higher.If long distance transmission line of complete monitoring, hundreds and thousands of monitoring point transmission bulk informations, these message transmission meeting expenses are very high.

5) network management difficulty.Electric power enterprise can't directly manage public network, in case supervisory control system need be changed or break down, must coordinate to solve with public network operator, and the time of handling problem can't guarantee, safe operation of power system is threatened.

Two, set up the wireless communication technology net that adopts special use, realize the transmission line monitoring.

Adopt the research of this method, following several mode arranged:

1, utilizes fibre optic temperature sensor that the terminal temperature acquisition is got off,, transfer data to 2km staff in addition again in conjunction with emerging wireless light communication technology.Its shortcoming is: 1) transmission range is limited, can't realize the transfer of data of monitoring point to Surveillance center; 2) free-space optical communication system is subjected to the meteorological condition restriction, for example can't use under thick fog, condition of raining; 3) do not have networking plan, also need artificial cooperation in the observation process.

2, information cascade load mode, be that radio transmission apparatus on the shaft tower removes and to be used for local fault message is sent, also be used to receive the information that a pin tower transmits, and information be forwarded on the transmission equipment of its next pin tower, up to the information back system terminal.But there is following shortcoming in this simple relay transmission means: 1) network does not have self organization ability, and capability to resist destruction is poor, as long as there is a node to break down, will cause other nodal information normally to transmit; 2) can't use on long circuit apart from multinode, reliability and transmission delay can't meet the demands.

3, the transmission of information from the monitoring point to the Surveillance center finished in the service of using public network CDMA or GPRS to provide.For the place that does not have the public network wireless coverage, then use the method for less radio-frequency multi-hop relay transmission.Be the combination of described public network load mode of preamble and radio relay communication transmission means in fact, do not break away from corresponding separately defective.

4, adopt wireless and wired mode that combines that the transmission line monitoring information is uploaded to data analysis master station.At every transmission line the base station is set, the data passes between data acquisition unit and the base station adopts the radio relay communication method to transmit information, and transfer of data is then carried out through wired mode to master station's data in the base station.Its shortcoming is: 1) need to build the base station; 2) wire transmission between base station and the master station need be by public network, and difficult wiring; 3) for the superhigh pressure that hundreds and thousands of nodes are arranged usually, the UHV transmission line of long distance, consider, be difficult to realize the whole piece path monitoring for aspects such as reliability and message transmission time delays.

5, the wireless sensor network of setting up based on the transmission of electricity corridor solves transmission line in monitoring information telecommunication problem.Do not possessing the place that mobile network covers, relying on the refile of wireless sensor network multi-hop to realize data communication; (the column foot number surpasses 100) need need to be provided with gateway or base station on certain distance when transmission line is very long, by means of common mobile communication network information is sent to the circuit monitoring center.Its shortcoming is: 1) be not completely free of the dependence to public network; 2) need to build gateway node; 3) wireless sensor network is applicable to the occasion of information one-way transmission in itself, be that information transmits to Surveillance center from the monitoring point, and for grid automation management, sometimes need the two-way transmission of the information that realizes, for example up remote measurement and remote signalling information and descending remote control and remote regulating information, this is relatively more difficult for wireless sensor network.

6, based on the grid intelligent monitor system of Mobitex wireless private network technology.According to this scheme, need set up the wireless cellular network of the special use of a similar GSM and CDMA public network wireless communication system, be used for carrying out the path monitoring transmission of Information.It has the following disadvantages: 1) it is a kind of arrowband packet communication network, about up-downgoing data rate 8kbps, can't support the demand of the business of high bandwidth; 2) need near prolonging transmission line, dispose a large amount of base stations, because superhigh pressure and UHV transmission line distance are very long, the regional geographical conditions of passing through and environmental condition more complicated all, build a Mobitex wireless base system that covers whole transmission lines, obvious in aspect defectives such as construction cost, engineering difficulty, power supply supply and later maintenance cost; 3) base station and monitoring node need possess the remote-wireless communication capacity, as: 20～30 kilometers, use powerful transmitting set, the equipment price height, the difficulty that power supply is supplied with during lowered in field environment work is big; 4) according to the experience of Maintenance of Electric Transmission Line, in place meagrely-populated, the social security difference, therefore the target that communication base station itself also becomes offender's theft easily and destroys exists serious potential safety hazard.

In addition, transmission line monitoring node along the line is that wire is arranged, the wireless coverage area of actual needs service is a narrow band dress zone of road along the line trend, and the mode of beehive net normally provides service for being in the users in the plane domain, the wireless coverage of each base station is a huge cellular zone of area, can reach nearly hundred square kilometres, therefore this scheme is very disadvantageous to the spatial reuse rate that improves wireless frequency spectrum.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome in the prior art and to realize difficulty, functional limitation, deployment inconvenience, the defective that bandwidth is little, operating cost is high, reliability is low, management maintenance is inconvenient, thereby provide a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication, it combines wireless Ad Hoc network technology and Fibre Optical Communication Technology, the number installed on the iron towers at different levels can be sent back central station in 1,100 the information that transducer was monitored, to realize real-time monitoring to the whole piece ultra-high-tension power transmission line.

Technical solution of the present invention is:

A kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication, its special character is: comprise following steps:

1] a wireless monitor node is set on each iron tower of ultra-high-tension power transmission line extensions; The specific iron tower of selecting optical cable connecting box is arranged in 20～30 kilometers position at interval along the line is installed wireless monitor node and optical communication node simultaneously as the convergent point iron tower on the convergent point iron tower and in the transformer station at circuit two ends; In the transformer station of circuit one end, Surveillance center is set; The optical transport network that each optical communication node utilizes two fibre cores in the electric power special optical cable to form a multi-hop carries out optical transmission; The wireless network that each wireless monitor node is formed a multi-hop carries out wireless connections; Described wireless monitor node comprises data acquisition unit, data processing unit, wireless transmission unit and power supply unit; Described optical communication node comprises data processing unit, light delivery module and power supply unit;

2] when needs are monitored, the wireless monitor node is gathered Monitoring Data, the mode that wireless monitor node on each iron tower in the convergent point iron tower region adopts multi-hop to transmit is transferred to the optical communication node that is provided with on the convergent point iron tower with Monitoring Data, and the mode that each optical communication node adopts multi-hop to transmit is transferred to Surveillance center with Monitoring Data; When needs are controlled the wireless monitor node, Surveillance center generates control information, each optical communication node adopts mode that multi-hop transmits that control information is transferred to the optical communication node of corresponding convergent point iron tower, and the wireless monitor node on each iron tower convergent point iron tower region in adopts the mode of multi-hop forwarding control information to be transferred to the wireless monitor node that is provided with on each iron tower.

Above-mentioned monitoring method also comprises following steps: in the transformer station of circuit opposite end alternate route is set, the Surveillance center that is provided with in the VC-12 Virtual Concatenation passage that this alternate route provides by SDH equipment and the transformer station of circuit one end is connected.

Above-mentioned data acquisition unit comprises audio/video collecting unit and external data interface; Described wireless transmission unit comprises low-power wireless network interface card, antenna-switching device and both direction antenna at least.

Above-mentioned wireless monitor node comprises power control module and the omnidirectional antenna that is connected with wireless transmission unit; Described each wireless monitor node is formed a wireless Ad Hoc network and is carried out wireless connections; Described power control module is used to control the through-put power of wireless transport module under Ad Hoc network environment.

Above-mentioned optical communication node comprises two groups of optical branching devices and the optical combiner that is connected respectively with optical communication node two side optical fibers.

Above-mentioned optical communication node comprises external data interface; Described power supply unit comprises generator unit, power-supply controller of electric and storage battery; Described generator unit comprises too solar array, electromagnetic induction unit and/or the low small-sized wind power generator that starts wind speed.

Above-mentioned steps 2] comprise and determine whether data to be transmitted place iron tower is provided with the step of optical communication node; If any, then the data passes that the wireless monitor node is collected by the external data interface on wireless monitor node and the optical communication node is carried out transfer of data by the optical communication node that is located on the iron tower again to optical communication node; As do not have, then carry out transfer of data by the wireless monitor node that is located on the iron tower, when transfer of data when being provided with the iron tower of optical communication node, carry out transfer of data by the optical communication node that is located on the iron tower again.

Data processing unit in the above-mentioned wireless monitor node comprises memory; Described step 2] between comprise the step of storing data, being about to by step 2] storage that collects is in memory, wait is in predefined network free time section, or after receiving the query statement that monitoring center transmits, again data is sent to monitoring center.

Advantage of the present invention:

1, is easy to realize, dispose flexibly.Based on the wireless mode networking, engineering construction and later maintenance are easy.

2, be not subjected to the influence of public network coverage, be easy to realize that all fronts of transmission line cover.

3, channel strip is roomy.Radio node can use existing ripe WLAN technology, and traffic rate can reach 11Mbps～54Mbps, far surpasses the wireless communication ability that public network provides, and can effectively support the business of high bandwidth requirements such as video transmission.

4, operating cost is cheap.Need not to pay the public network service charge, systematic running cost is with cheap.

5, service quality height, maintenance management is simple.Utilize the communication resource of electric power enterprise self fully, and do not rely on the support of any public network operator.Owing to be the private network special use, the service quality height need not when system breaks down to coordinate to solve with public network operator, help dealing with problems fast and better guarantee to the safe operation of electric power primary system.

6, reliability height, anti-multiple spot lost efficacy.Adopt Ad Hoc self-organizing, adaptive group network technology, anti-multiple spot inefficacy ability is strong, has effectively improved the reliability of entire system.

7, powerful.Network configuration is suitable for carrying out two-way communication between control centre and iron tower monitor node, can carry out whole process to the long distance transmission line under the MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY, by the real-time monitoring of tower, can fine support to functions such as the remote measurement of line monitoring equipment, remote signalling, remote control, remote regulating, can also the support performance personnel near the transmission line extensions, utilize the private radio terminal to carry out voice, data, video communication, serve as the emergency communication means at special occasions such as line maintenance, rescue and relief works.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the wireless monitor network diagram of forwarded hop-by-hop mode.

Fig. 2 is the wireless monitor network diagram with Ad Hoc network characteristic.

Fig. 3 is the structure chart of wireless monitor node on the tower of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structure chart of optical communication node on the tower of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the networking diagram of electricity transmission line monitoring method of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the emergency communication application model schematic diagram of electricity transmission line monitoring method of the present invention.

Embodiment

The present invention installs special-purpose transducer and Wireless Telecom Equipment on the iron tower top of transmission line.Wireless Telecom Equipment on the iron towers at different levels is to form the wireless Ad Hoc network that possesses self-organizing, adaptive ability between the wireless monitor node.Utilize the multi-hop transfer capability of Ad Hoc network, the radio node on the iron towers at different levels in certain zone can carry out monitor message relay to be transmitted, and being sent at specific iron tower is the optical communication node that is provided with on the convergent point iron tower.These optical communication nodes are each other by the electric power special optical cable on the ultra-high-tension power transmission line, connect as two optical fiber among OPGW or the ADSS, form a similar Ad Hoc network, the mode that optical-fiber network with self-organizing characteristic, each optical communication node adopt multi-hop to transmit is equally carried out data communication.By the mode that above wireless Ad Hoc network and fiber optic network combine, Surveillance center can carry out information interaction with the monitor node on any iron tower, realizes real-time monitoring and control to circuit.

Specifically, the present invention is a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication, and it comprises following steps:

In the transformer station of above-mentioned circuit opposite end alternate route can also be set, the Surveillance center that is provided with in the VC-12 Virtual Concatenation passage that this alternate route provides by SDH equipment and the transformer station of circuit one end is connected.

In wireless transmission unit, include low-power wireless network interface card, antenna-switching device and both direction antenna at least; Described data acquisition unit comprises audio/video collecting unit and external data interface.

Comprise power control module and the omnidirectional antenna that is connected with wireless transmission unit at the wireless monitor node; Described each wireless monitor node is formed a wireless Ad Hoc network and is carried out wireless connections; Described power control module is used to control the through-put power of wireless transport module under Ad Hoc network environment.

In optical communication node, comprise the two groups of optical branching devices and the optical combiner that are connected respectively with optical communication node two side optical fibers.

In optical communication node, also comprise external data interface; Described power supply unit comprises generator unit, power-supply controller of electric and storage battery; Described generator unit comprises too solar array, electromagnetic induction unit and/or the low small-sized wind power generator that starts wind speed.

Described step 2] comprise and determine whether data to be transmitted place iron tower is provided with the step of optical communication node; If any, then the data passes that the wireless monitor node is collected by the external data interface on wireless monitor node and the optical communication node is carried out transfer of data by the optical communication node that is located on the iron tower again to optical communication node; As do not have, then carry out transfer of data by the wireless monitor node that is located on the iron tower, when transfer of data when being provided with the iron tower of optical communication node, carry out transfer of data by the optical communication node that is located on the iron tower again.

Data processing unit in the wireless monitor node can also comprise memory; So can also comprise the step of store data, being about to by step 2] storage that collects is in memory, and wait is in predefined network free time section, or after receiving the query statement that monitoring center transmits, again data is sent to monitoring center.

Wireless monitor node, optical communication node on the tower in the performing step of the present invention are described below respectively:

One. wireless monitor node on the tower

The wireless monitor node is an important component part of the present invention on the tower, its major function is by the information on various types of transducers collection iron tower of power transmission line, after carrying out initial analysis and handling, the wireless monitor node around by wireless transmission means information being sent on other iron towers; Each wireless monitor node is also being born transmitting from the information of other wireless monitor nodes of task simultaneously.

The wireless monitor node is the elementary cell of network, and its basic structure mainly comprises: data acquisition unit, audio/video collecting unit, data processing unit, wireless transmission unit, directive antenna and major parts such as antenna-switching device, external data interface and power supply unit.The composition of node as shown in Figure 3.

Data acquisition unit is made up of all types of transducers and corresponding A/D converter.According to the difference of monitoring objective, the configuration of transducer is difference to some extent.

The audio/video collecting unit mainly comprises equipment such as microphone MIC, camera, The Cloud Terrace.Be used to gather emergent on-the-spot voice and image information, more fully understand the situation of the site of the accident for Surveillance center.At some special occasions, it is very important obtaining on-the-spot sound, video information, can recognize the environment around the transmission line, as vegetation coverage condition, bird pest situation etc., with accident prevention in possible trouble; Can recognize the operating state of circuit under the special meteorological condition, wave, the circuit ice coating state under the ice and snow weather etc. as the circuit under the strong wind situation; Can recognize that also circuit suffers the situation of artificial destruction, hang up cable, steal incidents such as cutting cable, theft tower material, carry out the scene evidence obtaining, so that fault restoration afterwards and responsibility investigation work etc. as vehicle or machinery.In order to improve the utilance of channel, can select to dispose sound, coding and decoding video unit, packed data speed.

The external data interface unit mainly provides USB, high speed serial ports, Ethernet interface, also can match blue tooth interface, and these interfaces provide the outside linkage function with camera, MIC; Be connected to realize the data forwarding function with the optical node communication equipment of special use; Also can be used for being connected, carry out data processing or equipment debugging with portable computer.

Data processing unit is made of embedded system, comprises microprocessor, memory, signal processing circuit etc.It is the major part of wireless monitor node.According to the feature of Ad Hoc network, with reference to classics 7 layer protocol stack models and the TCP/IP structure of OSI, the function that data processing unit is finished among the present invention relates to (software) functional module of following aspect.

1) application level function

Be used to provide user oriented various application service, comprise real-time application (emergency control information), use (Voice ﹠ Video) and the data service that guarantees without any service quality etc. based on the self adaptation of RTP/RTCP with the restriction of strict time delay and Loss Rate.The software of this layer at first is responsible for data record with sensor acquisition in memory, and carry out simple analysis and judge, exceed the threshold value that sets in advance if find a certain index, perhaps receive querying command from the path monitoring center, then should immediately related data be organized into the message of corresponding format, prepare it is sent to Surveillance center.

2) transport layer functionality

Be used for providing reliable end-to-end service, make upper strata and communication subnet (following three layers details) isolated, and utilize the characteristic of network layer to utilize Internet resources efficiently to application layer.Be in the technology maturity aspect and consider, the present invention adopts present based on the transport layer protocol in traditional cable network, other the specific transport layer protocols (as wap protocol) that comprise TCP and UDP and be applicable to wireless environment.

3) Network layer function

The major function that this part software is finished comprises functions such as neighbours' discovery, Route Selection and packet forward, congested control and the network interconnection.Neighbours find to be mainly used in the collection network topology information.The effect of Route Selection is discovery and safeguards the route of going to destination node promptly what path the wireless monitor node selects, and information is transmitted piecemeal, sends path monitoring center or other specific nodes back to.Because multi-hop is the principal character of Ad Hoc network, realize that the multi-hop of message is transmitted, the support of Routing Protocol must be arranged.Among the present invention, because monitoring node is along with transmission line is disposed, mainly become linear array, the fairly simple and node of topological structure can frequently not move, and is therefore strict unlike other occasions to the requirement of route agreement.Miscellaneous various Routing Protocols (as: DSR, AODV, TORA) among the existing Ad Hoc are waited to change a little can satisfy needs of the present invention, thus be easy to realization and technical risk low.

4) logical link control sublayer function

Logical link control sublayer is responsible for providing unified service to network, the different MAC method of shielding low layer.Specifically comprise multiplexing, the detection of Frame of data flow, forwarding affirmation, priority queueing, error control and the flow control etc. of grouping.

5) MAC layer (MAC) function

This part software control monitoring node conducts interviews to wireless channel.Because the present invention is based on the network configuration of Ad Hoc, monitoring node is more special to the sharing mode of wireless channel.It is different from the shared broadcast channel of general network, point-to-point wireless channel and the cell mobile communication systems wireless channel by base stations control, but the wireless broadcast channel that multi-hop is shared.This multi-hop is shared the wireless broadcast channel mode can bring hidden terminal and exposed terminal problem, closely causes message collisions, the bandwidth resources of waste wireless channel preciousness.Therefore need come the visit of Control Node by mac-layer protocol, avoid as far as possible owing to sending the collision problem that wireless signal causes between the adjacent node simultaneously to channel.At present, the main flow MAC agreement in WLAN (wireless local area network) and the Ad Hoc network, it is very ripe to have developed ground as 802.11DCF etc., can be applied among the present invention, and technical risk is little.

Wireless transmission unit

Wireless transmission unit mainly is made up of the short-range radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of low-power consumption.Finish the monitoring and the functions (function that is equivalent to physical layer in the OSI7 layer protocol stack model) such as modulating/demodulating, single channel encryption/deciphering, signal transmission and reception of wireless signal.

Between the iron tower of high voltage transmission line the distance at hundreds of rice between the km, for superhigh pressure more than the 500V and extra high voltage line, between tower apart from 400～700 meters of average out to.Along with the development of wireless technology in recent years, the especially proposition of 802.1X series standard and ripe application, making realizes this goal can have multiple choices, the technical obstruction that do not exist.802.11 for example very ripe and cheap at present serial wireless network cards, volume is little, (maximum transmission power tens milliwatt to 200 milliwatts) low in energy consumption, maximum communication distance can reach about 300～1000 meters in clog-free spacious environment, improve a little and just can satisfy communication requirement between tower, and bandwidth can reach 10M～54Mbps, satisfies broadband connections (as: video monitoring etc.) demand fully.In addition, these equipment all are operated in the non-licence frequency range of 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz, do not have the problem of frequency application.Because the transmission line monitoring node is operated in wild environment, power supply is supplied with difficulty, and in order to reduce transmitted power under the condition that satisfies the communication distance requirement as far as possible, so wireless transport module should possess control function of power.Wireless module is connected with primary processor control bus line, increases corresponding control function of power in application software, the transmitted power of control wireless transport module.

Directive antenna and antenna-switching device

The present invention is in order to improve the ability of the anti-node failure of whole system, need wireless monitor node on each tower all possess with multi-hop outside the ability of wireless monitor node direct communication on other iron towers.If we are designed to 3 jumpings with the maximum hop count of node, for superhigh pressure and extra high voltage line, mean that the wireless transmission distance of node maximum will reach 2～3 kilometers, the low-power wireless network interface card of main flow is difficult to realize this goal at present.And if arbitrarily increase the radio transmitted power of network interface card, can be subjected to the restriction of radio spectrum management aspect again.Use the directive antenna of high-gain to solve this problem among the present invention.

According to antenna theory, the beam area of antenna is narrow more, and the antenna gain that provides is high more.Therefore, if use the narrower directive antenna of wave beam to replace omnidirectional antenna, under the prerequisite of the transmitted power that does not change transmitter, can effectively increase communication distance.The present invention is each node dispensing both direction antenna.In setting up the work progress of monitoring node, the main beam direction of an antenna is aimed at the neighbors (abbreviation positive direction) of iron tower upstream, the main beam of another antenna is then aimed at the neighbors in iron tower downstream, can guarantee that the wireless coverage between each iron tower is unimpeded, can utilize simultaneously the high-gain of directive antenna, greatly the transmission range of extended wireless signal.For the radio set device that is erected at the iron tower top, antenna distance ground, clear is blocked, and radio propagation conditions is good, and the empirical value of propagation loss index n generally about 3, means the transmission range that whenever doubles, and transmitting power should increase by 2 ³Doubly, i.e. 9dB.If the gain of the directive antenna that transmitting-receiving node was equipped with is 18dB, then total antenna gain is 36dB on the wireless transmission link, under the situation that does not increase wireless transmission power, can make transmission range increase by 16 times, transmit target thereby easily satisfy the information of striding multistage iron tower.The another one benefit of user tropism's antenna is, radio wave covers and is limited in certain angular range, reduced with other wireless communication systems between produce the possibility of mutual interference mutually, even there is other interference source around the transmission line, as long as it not in the beam area of receiving node, just can not cause interference.

Monitoring node among the present invention is erected on the iron tower of power transmission line, the arrangement because adjacent rank iron tower is in line substantially, the centre does not have the barrier occlusion issue, and the antenna installation position of wireless launcher is very high apart from ground, this provides suitable fine environment for wireless transmission, also created advantageous conditions for the use of directive antenna, when the installation direction antenna, the orientation problem of wave beam is easy to solve.

Because each node has been installed the both direction antenna, each antenna can only cover a direction, therefore needs to use antenna-switching device to switch between a plurality of antennas, to satisfy the needs that monitoring node is communicated by letter with the upstream and downstream neighbors.The control bus of primary processor links to each other with antenna-switching device in the node, when sending message, according to the definite transmitting antenna that will use in the position of destination node; When accepting message, can switch reception antenna according to maximum incoming level principle, also can be according to the high specific combination principle, the signal that two antennas are received carries out diversity merging processing, utilizes the principle of angle diversity further to improve the quality of reception.In addition, for strengthening monitoring system functional, except directive antenna, be equipped with an omnidirectional antenna can also for the wireless monitor node, be used for the transmission line near zone in other wireless devices (for example line walking staff carry Wireless Telecom Equipment of the same type) communicate.

Power supply unit

This module is made up of solar array, electromagnetic induction generator unit, power-supply controller of electric, storage battery.For some important node, can also select to dispose the low small-sized wind power generator that starts wind speed, to increase power supply reliability.

Solar array is electric energy by photoelectric effect with solar energy converting, and is stored in the storage battery, supplies with the power consumption of whole node.This technology has developed very ripe, and product category is various.Yet, owing to must could work,, or run into weather such as continuous rain, snow, dense fog if array is subjected to the dust covering by sunlight, battery can not get charging can be caused system capacity to exhaust and lost efficacy.For this reason, need multiple mode to cooperate and improve power supply reliability, and ultra-high-tension power transmission line provides advantageous conditions for head it off.The electromagnetic induction generator unit promptly is installed on electric power pylon, and this device is by being converted to electric energy with lead energy of electromagnetic field on every side, bears to charge in batteries and is the task of power devices.Adopted this technology among the present invention,, thereby can improve the reliability of power supply greatly because it is not subjected to the influence of factors such as contamination by dust, meteorology.

Power controller controls the charging to storage battery of solar array, electromagnetic induction generator unit, and storage battery is to the power supply of other device nodes.Cause damaging in order to prevent battery overdischarge, power-supply controller of electric also possesses the under-voltage protection function.In addition, electrical source consumption for further minimizing equipment, can consider to increase the State Control function, by allow node be in resting state as far as possible to save electric weight, the initiative work of this respect derives from PAMAS (Power-Aware Multi-Access with Signaling) MAC agreement, this agreement combines State Control with the MAC agreement, all dormancy in can dormancy.In fact the thought of State Control not only can with the mac-layer protocol combination, also can independently exist (for example: the GAF algorithm), can also and the Routing Protocol combination.

Two. optical communication node on the tower

The wireless monitor node of optical communication node and this iron tower interconnects by external data interface on the iron tower, the major function that realizes is: converge self in a big way on every side, for example in 20～30 kilometers on other iron towers the wireless monitor node transmit the message that transmits through multi-hop, after they are carried out analyzing and processing and light-to-current inversion, growing distance by optical fiber transmits, utilize this good communication media of optical fiber, increase substantially the speed and the reliability of message transmission.

In the electricity transmission line monitoring method of the present invention, at the iron tower of keep at a certain distance away (20～30 kilometers) optical communication node is set, two fibre cores in the electrification special optical cable are together in series these optical communication nodes, form the optical transport network of a multi-hop.In this network, the mode of transmitting by similar relay between between optical node is carried out the transmission of information.Simultaneously, cause whole system to lose efficacy in order to prevent the part of nodes fault, the optical transport network of this multi-hop need possess the self organization ability of similar Ad Hoc network.Promptly when certain optical node fault, its adjacent optical node can be known the malfunction of this node, can cross malfunctioning node when sending information, and information is directly sent to double bounce or other optical nodes outside the multi-hop more.

The composition of optical communication node comprises major parts such as data processing unit, light delivery module, optical branching device and mixer, external data interface and power supply unit as shown in Figure 4 on the tower.Wherein data processing unit, external data interface, and the structure of power supply unit part is basic identical with the similar unit of function and wireless monitor node, so detailed description no longer.

Light delivery module is one of optical communication node major part, it be similar to radio node in wireless transport module, mainly finish the function of physical layer, promptly the packet that the upper strata is ready for sending is converted to suitable optical signal sequence, and sends on fiber medium.At present, the technical development maturation of light delivery module is used in information network equipment in a large number.The single-mode optical module of common 100Mbps can easily realize being to the maximum the transmission about 120 kilometers, and transmitting optical power extremely low (not enough milliwatt).Therefore this technology is applied to not have difficulties among the present invention.

In common application, optical fiber communication is normally as the point-to-point transmission purposes, and among the present invention, the path of light signal is unlikely to interrupt in order to guarantee to lose efficacy down by part of nodes, and we wish that the signal that an optical node sends can be received by a plurality of optical nodes in adjacent several jumpings.Because optical-fibre channel itself do not possess the such broadcast characteristic of wireless channel, the present invention introduces the problem that optical branching device and mixer unit solve a plurality of nodes sharing fiber channels in optical communication node equipment.As shown in Figure 4, node device receiving terminal optical fiber and optical module between increase the optical branching device of a 1:2, between the optical fiber of node device output and optical module, increase the mixer of a 2:1.When received signal, the light signal that transmits on the circuit optical fiber at first enters the optical branching device of input, become two paths of signals through behind the splitter, one road light signal of splitter output is connected to the input (being called the I branch road) of optical module, handles for this node analysis; Another road light signal of splitter output then is directly connected to one of two inputs (being called the Q branch road) of the optical combiner of an other side behind one section auxiliary optical fiber, be connected with this side line road optical fiber through behind the mixer, so that continue to be transferred to multi-hop other optical communication nodes in addition.As can be seen, adopted this design after, light signal not only can receive be handled by this node, also can directly " penetrate " this node and is received and handle by other optical nodes.When data processor, light delivery module and the power supply unit etc. of this node partly break down, can not influence light signal and continue transmission.And optical branching device, mixer unit are passive components, the reliability height, and the probability that breaks down can be ignored.

Owing to the introducing of optical branching device, must shorten the transmission range of light signal.But the benefit of bringing like this is a light signal can be received and handle by more neighbors, thereby avoids the individual node fault to cause the problem that whole system can't be worked.In actual applications, the concrete attenuation of optical branching device two-way output signal with splitting ratio relevant, can select suitable splitting ratio according to requirement of engineering.In order to increase light signal maximum transmission distance (passing through optical node as much as possible) as far as possible, distribute bigger ratio should for the Q branch road in principle, make most light signal energy directly penetrate this node and continue to propagate to other nodes.For example, the beam split ratio of supposing Q branch road and I branch road is then compared with input signal for being respectively 80% and 20%, the decay of two branch output signals is respectively-1dB and-7dB.Calculate at the attenuation 0.2dB/km of 1550nm wavelength according to electric power special optical cable G..652 commonly used at present, every through an optical node, the I tributary signal loss that causes owing to beam split will cause the transmission range shortening to be approximately 5 kilometers.With respect to the transmission range of 60～120 kilometers of normal optical modules, little to the influence that whole system causes.

Monitoring system network-building method of the present invention and mode of operation are:

1. high voltage power transmission line monitoring system network-building method of the present invention

The wireless monitor node is installed on each iron tower top in the ultra-high-tension power transmission line extensions; The specific iron tower of selecting optical cable connecting box is arranged in 20～30 kilometers position at interval along the line is installed wireless monitor node and optical communication node simultaneously as convergent point on the convergent point iron tower and in the transformer station at circuit two ends.

Form the wireless Ad Hoc network that possesses self-organizing, adaptive ability between the wireless monitor node on the iron towers at different levels.Utilize the multi-hop transfer capability of Ad Hoc network, wireless monitor node on the iron towers at different levels in certain zone can carry out monitor message relay and transmit, be sent to the optical communication node that on the convergent point iron tower, is provided with, optical communication node on all convergent point iron towers connects by two optical fiber in the electric power special optical cable on the ultra-high-tension power transmission line (OPGW or ADSS) each other, the mode that the optical-fiber network with self-organizing characteristic of forming a similar Ad Hoc network, each optical communication node adopt multi-hop to transmit is equally carried out data communication.

Usually the Surveillance center of circuit is arranged in the transformer station of circuit one end, and the reliability for further enhanced system can be provided with alternate route in the transformer station of circuit opposite end.As shown in Figure 5, the signal of optical communication node in the transformer station of opposite end output through special-purpose protocol converter after, the VC-12 Virtual Concatenation passage that provides by SDH equipment is passed the transformer station at Surveillance center place back.

By the mode that above wireless Ad Hoc network and fiber optic network combine, Surveillance center can carry out information interaction with the monitor node on any iron tower, realizes real-time monitoring and control to circuit.

2. the function of the mode of operation of monitoring system and realization

1) path monitoring pattern

Under this pattern, the wireless monitor node on the line steel tower is collected the information of transmission line by various transducers.Data processing unit carries out judgment processing to these monitoring informations, for the stronger information of real-time, for example: some performance index Threshold Crossing Alert or real-time audio and video information transmit, begin repeating process immediately, mode by wireless Ad Hoc network and fiber optic network combine is sent to the path monitoring center with information.Information for the real-time no requirement (NR), for example: line state information that periodicity is gathered or still picture information etc., earlier it is stored in the memory, wait is in predefined network free time section, or after receiving the query statement that monitoring center transmits, again information is sent to the path monitoring center.

2) distance control mode

Under this pattern, the staff can the particular device on the omnidistance iron tower arbitrarily carries out Long-distance Control to circuit in circuit monitoring center, for example: the unlatching of control transducer, the setting of modification parameter, inquire about some history information, the focal length variations of control camera and the angle of The Cloud Terrace are taken pictures to specific objective, or control the intelligent machine that some carries private radio communication equipment, as the motion state of inspection robot and monitoring project etc.

3) emergency communication pattern

Since ultra-high-tension power transmission line some areas of process remote, do not have the public network communication mode to utilize, emergency communication becomes a difficult problem.Among the present invention, basic communication network along transmission line construction optical fiber and wireless Ad Hoc, can realize the wireless access of equipment flexibly, and can carry out self adaptation to the variation of network topology, the data bandwidth of network is very big, can reach tens Mbps～Mbps up to a hundred, class of business that can network enabled is various, and these characteristics are fit to emergency communication and use very much.For example: give circuit patrolman or repairing staffing and the similar wireless Ad Hoc network communication equipment of wireless monitor node, near transmission line, they can add wireless Ad Hoc network by the connection of wireless monitor node on the iron tower, and near the staff that the basic communication network by optical fiber and wireless Ad Hoc and Surveillance center or other are in the transmission line communicates.The repairing personnel can send it back the path monitoring center by monitoring network with information such as the on-the-spot voice of meeting an urgent need, image, videos, make a strategic decision for the commanding; The rear personnel also can be on-the-spot to meeting an urgent need with data transmissions such as drawing, file, processing schemes, and can command work on the spot by the mode of network audio, video.Above mode of operation as shown in Figure 6.As can be seen, the designed transmission line monitoring network of the present invention can be supported the emergency communication purposes well.

Principle of the present invention is:

Because the transmission line electric pressure is very high, it is very abominable usually that the regional nature environment is passed through in the transmission of electricity corridor.Have a lot of difficulties if use the mode of laying cable on iron tower to set up monitor network: difficulty of construction is big, security risk is high, poor reliability, repair and maintenance inconvenience etc.Therefore, use wireless transmission method to become good selection in this case.

According to the transmission characteristic of wireless channel, when the transmitted power of sending node was constant, the power that receiving node receives was inversely proportional to the n power of distance between the two.Wherein the value of n is generally between 3～6, and is relevant with the environment of concrete use.If receiver and transmitter all are in the position very high apart from ground, and zone of living in is smooth open ground, then the radio wave propagation meets the two-wire propagation model substantially, and under transmitting-receiving node distance situation far away, 4 powers of radio wave propagation loss and propagation distance are inversely proportional to.According to this theory, in order to increase by 1 times transmission range, the transmitted power of sending node need increase about 16 times, and the energy consumption cost that visible node is paid is huge, this is for working in the open air, and the monitoring node that power supply is supplied with difficulty is very disadvantageous.In addition, along with the increase of transmission range, surrounding environment is can be more complicated, occurs between the transmitting-receiving node that barrier blocks or the possibility of other interference sources increases, and this will cause the communication quality rapid deterioration, even can't communicate by letter.Based on above reason, it is considered herein that the scheme that monitoring node uses wireless means directly information to be mail to outer at a distance acceptance point is infeasible.

On the other hand, as the overhead transmission line of electric power system lifeblood, basic structure is to rely on various types of iron towers to bear lead step by step, and transmission line is extended to a distant place.Distributed pole between the iron tower is regular, and for extra high voltage network, average tower is apart between 400～700 meters.This provides natural condition for short-distance wireless relay transmission.Therefore can be at the installation Wireless Telecom Equipment on the iron towers at different levels, wireless device on each tower is by the directional antenna of high-gain, use extremely low transmitted power, information is sent to contiguous next stage iron tower, by the wireless device on this iron tower information is continued to pass toward subordinate iron tower again, so repeat to be sent to the path monitoring central station up to information.As shown in Figure 1.

Yet there is a problem in the pattern that this simple pointwise is transmitted, if there is the equipment of a node to break down, will cause the whole piece chain to interrupt.For example, in Fig. 1, if the equipment on the M iron tower breaks down, all nodes that then are in its downstream can't return Surveillance center to message transmission.Supposing that the probability that each node breaks down is identical, all is p, and then for the transmission line of being made up of N iron tower, the probability that breaks down a little on the whole piece radio relay communication chain circuit is (1-(1-p) ^N), under the situation of N*p＜＜1, the following formula approximate representation is N*p, promptly along with the increase of iron tower quantity, the probability straight line of the node that breaks down rises.In fact because work under bad environment in the open air,, make the situation that radio node might break down or be damaged as thunder and lightning, low temperature, sleety weather and various interference.Therefore the present invention introduces Ad Hoc networking technology and solves the problems referred to above, dwindling the coverage of fault as far as possible, and does not cause the monitoring node of other operate as normal on the transmission line can't transmit information.

Ad Hoc network is a kind of special mobile radio networks, the autonomous system of the multi-hop that it is made up of one group of portable terminal that has a wireless transmitter.All nodes is equal in the Ad Hoc network, need not to be provided with any center control nodes, has very strong survivability.This network can work alone, and also can insert Internet or cellular radio.Each portable terminal in the Ad Hoc network has both router and two kinds of functions of main frame: as main frame, terminal needs running face to application program of user, for example: the various sensor informations on detection and the judgement iron tower of power transmission line etc.; As router, terminal need be moved corresponding Routing Protocol, participates in packet forward and route maintenance work according to routing policy and routing table.In Ad Hoc network, internodal route is made up of multi-hop (Hop) usually.Because networking fast, flexibly, easy to use, Ad Hoc network has obtained the extensive concern of international academic community and industrial quarters at present, and more and more widely used, become the important directions that mobile communication technology advances, and will in the future communications technology, occupy critical role.

Self-organizing, the adaptation function that the present invention uses Ad Hoc network improves the ability of the anti-node failure of whole transmission line monitoring system.Specific practice is: radio node is not only communicated by letter with own nearest neighbors on each iron tower of transmission line, and possesses the ability of other iron tower direct communication in jumping with M around self, and can detect their operating state, according to specific routing plan, adaptive selection certain node wherein is as the information receiver.With Fig. 2 is example, suppose that wireless monitor node on the i iron tower under normal circumstances is (hereinafter to be referred as node i, or i node) information is sent to the own nearest vicinity i-1 node of distance, in case this node breaks down, the i node can be adjusted route automatically, increase transmitting power, information is directly mail to the i-2 node, pass monitor message back monitoring system center thereby cross the fault point; If node i-1 and node i-2 simultaneous faultss in like manner, then node i (if maximum transmission power permission) can continue to increase power, directly with i-3, i-4 ... the communication of i-M iron tower.

Obviously in this case, for node i, have only under the situation that m node when its upstream break down simultaneously, the monitor message transmission link just can thoroughly interrupt.If the probability of single node fault is p, then the probability that breaks down simultaneously of this m node is p ^mCause the index decreased of whole piece radio relay communication transmission link interrupt probability because of the individual nodes fault, suppose p=0.01 with m, m=3, then this probability reduces by 10000 times, and visible monitor network whole reliability strengthens greatly.

But, although can do so still and can produce a lot of adverse effects using the mode of radio relay communication to transmit the information of all iron towers of transmission line in theory.At first be the transmission delay problem, existing extra high voltage network distance can reach more than 200 kilometers, extra high voltage line even can reach on 500 kilometers.Iron tower quantity can reach hundreds of even thousands of on the circuit of length like this, and time-delay is excessive if the mode of using radio relay communication to transmit fully can cause message transmission; Next is an integrity problem, along with the increase of information hop count, occurs wrong and causes the probability and the increase of hop count exponent function relation of packet loss; Will transmit the business that all nodes of downstream transmit owing to be in the node of upstream in addition, so energy consumption is very big, forms bandwidth bottleneck simultaneously easily.For overcoming the above problems the method that the present invention has adopted optical fiber communication to combine with wireless Ad Hoc network.

At present, the above ultra-high-tension power transmission line of nearly all 110kV has all set up the electric power special optical cable, is mainly OPGW and ADSS.And, a large amount of idle fibre cores is arranged all wherein from using present situation.The present invention has utilized this exclusive communication resource of transmission line, builds the circuit monitoring system.Specific practice is: the radio node on the iron tower is hived off, tens adjacent or node up to a hundred is a group, its length is about 20～30 kilometers, in each group, select one of them the iron tower of optical cable connecting box to be arranged as the information aggregation node, on this iron tower, except Wireless Telecom Equipment is installed, the optical communication equipment that a cover uses packet mode to communicate is installed again.By the electric power special optical cable on the transmission line, the monitor terminal at optical communication equipment on each aggregation node and circuit monitoring center is coupled together.In this network, the monitor message of iron tower is forwarded to apart from its nearest aggregation node through multi-hop by wireless mode, again with optical communication mode, transmits message transmission loop line road Surveillance center through multi-hop between each aggregation node.Because the fibre circuit attenuation is little, antijamming capability is strong, communication bandwidth is high, therefore can guarantee the passback that path monitoring information is quick, safe.Equally, can't work in order to prevent the whole piece link that the optical communication node fault causes, optical communication system among the present invention has the self organizing function of similar wireless Ad Hoc network, be not to be the neighbors that simply information is sent to oneself between each optical node, but can obtain the operating state of other optical nodes, automatically calculate route, avoid malfunctioning node information is sent it back Surveillance center, so the reliability of whole system improves greatly.In order to realize this self organizing function, the optical transmission device (SDH/PDH) of the structure of optical communication equipment and working method and traditional TDMA mode or the equipment such as router of band optical interface have obvious difference among the present invention.

In sum, the network-building method that the present invention combines by above wireless Ad Hoc network and fiber optic network is realized the two-way information interaction between the monitor node on Surveillance center and any iron tower, and circuit is monitored in real time and controlled.

The monitoring method that the present invention proposes has been broken away from the drawback of traditional line walking mode; in the variation that just can effectively grasp circuit operation conditions and surrounding environment away from the monitoring center at scene; the hidden danger of discovering device defective and crisis line security; so that in time eliminate defective; the generation of preventing accident; or fault is limited in minimum zone, and guarantee the safety and the power system stability of transmission line, realize the target of power system security, economy, high-quality operation.Simultaneity factor can also the support performance personnel utilize the private radio terminal to insert monitoring network near the transmission line extensions, carries out voice, data, video communication, realizes the emergency communication function effectively at special occasions such as line maintenance, rescue and relief works.

Claims

1, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication is characterized in that: comprise following steps:

2, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method according to claim 1 based on radio communication and optical communication, it is characterized in that: also comprise following steps: in the transformer station of circuit opposite end alternate route is set, the Surveillance center that is provided with in the VC-12 Virtual Concatenation passage that this alternate route provides by SDH equipment and the transformer station of circuit one end is connected.

3, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method according to claim 1 and 2 based on radio communication and optical communication, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition unit comprises audio/video collecting unit and external data interface; Described wireless transmission unit comprises low-power wireless network interface card, antenna-switching device and both direction antenna at least.

4, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method according to claim 1 and 2 based on radio communication and optical communication, it is characterized in that: described wireless monitor node comprises power control module and the omnidirectional antenna that is connected with wireless transmission unit; Described each wireless monitor node is formed a wireless Ad Hoc network and is carried out wireless connections; Described power control module is used to control the through-put power of wireless transport module under Ad Hoc network environment.

5, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method according to claim 3 based on radio communication and optical communication, it is characterized in that: described wireless monitor node comprises power control module and the omnidirectional antenna that is connected with wireless transmission unit; Described each wireless monitor node is formed a wireless Ad Hoc network and is carried out wireless connections; Described power control module is used to control the through-put power of wireless transport module under Ad Hoc network environment.

6, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described optical communication node comprises two groups of optical branching devices and the optical combiner that is connected respectively with optical communication node two side optical fibers.

7, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described optical communication node comprises two groups of optical branching devices and the optical combiner that is connected respectively with optical communication node two side optical fibers.

8, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method according to claim 7 based on radio communication and optical communication, it is characterized in that: described optical communication node comprises external data interface; Described power supply unit comprises generator unit, power-supply controller of electric and storage battery; Described generator unit comprises too solar array, electromagnetic induction unit and/or the low small-sized wind power generator that starts wind speed.

9, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method based on radio communication and optical communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 2] comprise and determine whether data to be transmitted place iron tower is provided with the step of optical communication node; If any, then the data passes that the wireless monitor node is collected by the external data interface on wireless monitor node and the optical communication node is carried out transfer of data by the optical communication node that is located on the iron tower again to optical communication node; As do not have, then carry out transfer of data by the wireless monitor node that is located on the iron tower, when transfer of data when being provided with the iron tower of optical communication node, carry out transfer of data by the optical communication node that is located on the iron tower again.

10, a kind of high voltage electricity transmission line monitoring method according to claim 9 based on radio communication and optical communication, it is characterized in that: the data processing unit in the described wireless monitor node comprises memory; Described step 2] between comprise the step of storing data, being about to by step 2] storage that collects is in memory, wait is in predefined network free time section, or after receiving the query statement that monitoring center transmits, again data is sent to monitoring center.