CN104868846B - Solar photovoltaic assembly array data acquisition method based on wireless Internet of Things - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic assembly array data acquisition method based on wireless Internet of Things Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于太阳能光伏组件检测技术领域，具体涉及一种基于无线物联网的太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集方法。本发明采用低成本低功耗的433Mhz无线物联网组件作为物联通信基础，以嵌入式MCU核心组件小系统实现物联组网、数据采集、分布式计算、分组通信、防交叠冲突、接入互联网等功能，从而构成一个功能完整、可配置剪裁、可靠性强的数据采集系统实现太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集。
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic module detection, and in particular relates to a method for collecting data of a solar photovoltaic module array based on the wireless internet of things. The present invention uses low-cost and low-power 433Mhz wireless Internet of Things components as the basis of Internet of Things communication, and uses a small system of embedded MCU core components to realize Internet of Things networking, data collection, distributed computing, group communication, anti-overlap conflict, and connection Internet access and other functions, thus forming a data acquisition system with complete functions, configurable tailoring, and strong reliability to realize data acquisition of solar photovoltaic module arrays.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于太阳能光伏组件检测技术领域，具体涉及一种基于无线物联网的太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic module detection, and in particular relates to a method for collecting data of a solar photovoltaic module array based on the wireless internet of things.
背景技术Background technique
目前太阳能光伏发电系统的工作数据(包括光伏组件工作数据、逆变器工作数据、输变电设备工作数据)分别是由各离散设备采集产生并向上层计算机系统提交。因各设备种类不同、生产厂家不同，其数据规格、物理接口也不一样，造成上层计算机系统软硬件接口不统一，软件开发及维护工作量大，对既有设备做型号替换升级时还需修改上层应用软件，经济成本较大且对于正在运营的电站系统而言实施安全风险大、可行性不高。同时，目前采集太阳能光伏电池板阵列各节点工作数据时，普遍采用ZigBee无线网络，ZigBee无线网络的缺点是速度慢，实时性不高，存在“数据汇集—中继—节点”三层结构，汇集装置的节点接入数量有限。At present, the working data of the solar photovoltaic power generation system (including the working data of photovoltaic modules, the working data of the inverter, and the working data of the power transmission and transformation equipment) are collected and generated by each discrete device and submitted to the upper computer system. Due to the different types of equipment and different manufacturers, their data specifications and physical interfaces are also different, resulting in inconsistent software and hardware interfaces of the upper computer system, a large workload for software development and maintenance, and modifications are required when replacing and upgrading existing equipment. The upper-level application software has a large economic cost, and for the operating power station system, the implementation security risk is large and the feasibility is not high. At the same time, when collecting the working data of each node of the solar photovoltaic panel array, ZigBee wireless network is generally used. The disadvantages of ZigBee wireless network are slow speed and low real-time performance. There is a three-layer structure of "data collection-relay-node". The device has a limited number of nodes to access.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述背景技术存在的不足，提供一种结构简单、成本低的基于无线物联网的太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology, and to provide a data collection method for solar photovoltaic module arrays based on the wireless Internet of Things with simple structure and low cost.
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种基于无线物联网的太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集方法，包括以下步骤：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a method for collecting data of solar photovoltaic module arrays based on the wireless internet of things, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在太阳能光伏组件阵列中心安装汇集装置，汇集装置通过标准网口和/或WiFi接口与上层应用管理系统连接；Step 1, install a collection device at the center of the solar photovoltaic module array, and connect the collection device to the upper application management system through a standard network port and/or WiFi interface;
步骤2，在太阳能光伏组件阵列的每个太阳能光伏组件上安装监测装置，所有监测装置分别通过通讯组件与汇集装置连接；Step 2, installing a monitoring device on each solar photovoltaic module of the solar photovoltaic module array, and all monitoring devices are respectively connected to the collection device through the communication module;
步骤3，汇集装置通过通讯组件从各个监测装置内获取汇集装置信号覆盖范围内所有太阳能光伏组件的设备编号，采用信标定位方式确定每个太阳能光伏组件的行列位置，并与其设备编号一一对应，将不同设备编号太阳能光伏组件对应的行列位置发送给上层应用管理系统；Step 3. The collection device obtains the equipment numbers of all solar photovoltaic modules within the signal coverage area of the collection device from each monitoring device through the communication component, and uses the beacon positioning method to determine the row and column position of each solar photovoltaic module, and corresponds to its equipment number one by one. , and send the row and column positions corresponding to solar photovoltaic modules with different equipment numbers to the upper application management system;
步骤4，监测装置采集并监测太阳能光伏组件的工作数据，根据接收的指令向汇集装置发送工作数据，所述工作数据包括工作电压、工作电流和工作温度；Step 4, the monitoring device collects and monitors the working data of the solar photovoltaic module, and sends the working data to the collection device according to the received instruction, and the working data includes working voltage, working current and working temperature;
步骤5，汇集装置接收到监测装置发送的工作数据后，根据工作数据进行积分发电量的计算和隐患判断，并将太阳能光伏组件的工作数据、积分发电量和隐患判断结果传递给上层应用管理系统，实现太阳能光伏组件阵列的数据采集。Step 5: After receiving the work data sent by the monitoring device, the collection device calculates the integral power generation and hazard judgment according to the work data, and transmits the work data, integral power generation and hidden danger judgment results of solar photovoltaic modules to the upper application management system , to achieve data collection of solar photovoltaic module arrays.
进一步地，所述汇集装置采用信标定位方式确定每个太阳能光伏组件的行列位置的方法为：测算太阳能光伏组件阵列中相邻两个太阳能光伏组件之间的信号衰减值作为标尺单位，选取太阳能光伏组件阵列中已知固定行列位置的至少三个监测装置作为信标向周围发送无线信号，其余监测装置接收不同信标发送的信号，在汇集装置中将每个监测装置所接收到的来自于不同信标的强弱不同的信号与标尺单位进行比对，得出每个监控装置相对于几个信标的相对位置，根据几个信标的已知行列位置即可得出每一个监测装置的行列位置，从而获得与之对应的每个太阳能光伏组件的行列位置。Further, the method for the collection device to determine the row and column position of each solar photovoltaic module by means of beacon positioning is: measure the signal attenuation value between two adjacent solar photovoltaic modules in the solar photovoltaic module array as the scale unit, and select the solar photovoltaic module At least three monitoring devices with known fixed row and column positions in the photovoltaic module array send wireless signals to the surroundings as beacons, and the rest of the monitoring devices receive signals sent by different beacons. In the converging device, the signals received by each monitoring device from The signals of different strengths and weaknesses of different beacons are compared with the scale unit to obtain the relative position of each monitoring device relative to several beacons, and the row and column position of each monitoring device can be obtained according to the known row and column positions of several beacons , so as to obtain the row and column position of each solar photovoltaic module corresponding to it.
进一步地，所述汇集装置通过组间错频、跳频扫描、相邻分时、信道监测、功率可调中的一种或多种方式组合使用防止监测装置所发送信号互相干扰，保证任意时刻网络中只有一个“汇集装置-监测装置对”交互应答。Further, the converging device prevents mutual interference of the signals sent by the monitoring device by using one or more methods of frequency error between groups, frequency hopping scanning, adjacent time-sharing, channel monitoring, and power adjustment to ensure that any time There is only one "sink-monitor pair" interaction reply in the network.
进一步地，所述汇集装置接收到的太阳能光伏组件工作数据中，出现电压波动超过安全阈值、电流波动超过安全阈值、温度值超过安全阈值中的任意一种或多种时，则判断太阳能光伏组件存在隐患。Further, when any one or more of the voltage fluctuation exceeds the safety threshold, the current fluctuation exceeds the safety threshold, and the temperature value exceeds the safety threshold in the solar photovoltaic module working data received by the collection device, it is judged that the solar photovoltaic module There are hidden dangers.
进一步地，所述汇集装置在判断太阳能光伏组件存在隐患时，控制太阳能光伏组件所对应的自动保护切换电路接通，直至太阳能光伏组件故障排除后再度控制自动保护切换电路断开。Further, when the collection device judges that there is a hidden danger in the solar photovoltaic module, it controls the automatic protection switching circuit corresponding to the solar photovoltaic module to turn on, and controls the automatic protection switching circuit to turn off again after the failure of the solar photovoltaic module is eliminated.
进一步地，所述积分发电量的计算包括：所述汇集装置根据接收的太阳能光伏组件工作数据中的工作电压和工作电流分别计算每个组串内的所有太阳能光伏组件的积分发电量，然后将每个组串内的所有太阳能光伏组件的积分发电量进行求和得到整个组串的积分发电量。Further, the calculation of the integrated power generation includes: the collection device respectively calculates the integral power generation of all solar photovoltaic modules in each string according to the working voltage and working current in the received solar photovoltaic module working data, and then calculates the The integral power generation of all solar photovoltaic modules in each string is summed to obtain the integral power generation of the entire string.
更进一步地，所述汇集装置通过有线物联网接口获取逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的工作数据，根据工作数据进行逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的隐患判断，并提交该工作数据和隐患判断结果至上层应用管理系统。Furthermore, the collection device obtains the working data of the inverter, power transmission and transformation equipment, and other peripherals through the wired Internet of Things interface, and judges the hidden dangers of the inverter, power transmission and transformation equipment, and other peripherals according to the working data, And submit the work data and hidden danger judgment results to the upper application management system.
本发明采用低成本低功耗的433Mhz无线物联网组件作为物联通信基础，以嵌入式MCU核心组件小系统实现物联组网、数据采集、分布式计算、分组通信、防交叠冲突、接入互联网等功能，从而构成一个功能完整、可配置剪裁、可靠性强的数据采集系统实现太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集。解决光伏阵列中各光伏组件数据采集需要敷设通信电缆，解决现有ZigBee无线数据采集方案成本高、网络结构复杂、无线电波衍射能力弱，通信质量易受地形及建筑物影响，实际组网难度大的问题。具有以下优点：The present invention uses low-cost and low-power 433Mhz wireless Internet of Things components as the basis of Internet of Things communication, and uses a small system of embedded MCU core components to realize Internet of Things networking, data collection, distributed computing, group communication, anti-overlap conflict, and connection Internet access and other functions, thus forming a data acquisition system with complete functions, configurable tailoring, and strong reliability to realize data acquisition of solar photovoltaic module arrays. Solve the need to lay communication cables for data collection of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array, and solve the problem of high cost, complex network structure, weak radio wave diffraction ability of the existing ZigBee wireless data collection scheme, communication quality is easily affected by terrain and buildings, and the actual networking is difficult The problem. Has the following advantages:
1、本发明采用有线(CAN总线、RS485总线、电力线载波通信)及无线(ISM-433Mhz，2.4Ghz)物联网组网功能，硬件成本低工程适用面广。1. The present invention adopts wired (CAN bus, RS485 bus, power line carrier communication) and wireless (ISM-433Mhz, 2.4Ghz) Internet of Things networking functions, and the hardware cost is low and the project is widely applicable.
2、本发明无线网络结构简单，易于组网。2. The wireless network of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to form a network.
3、本发明无线网络容纳性强，不限制下位节点接入数量(汇集装置信号覆盖范围内的所有节点均可接入)。3. The wireless network of the present invention is highly accommodating, and does not limit the number of lower nodes to access (all nodes within the signal coverage of the converging device can be accessed).
4、本发明采用组间错频、跳频扫描、相邻分时、信道监测、功率可调等方式避免互相干扰，具备无线网络交叠防冲突机制，适应信号交叠式组网架构。4. The present invention avoids mutual interference by means of frequency staggering between groups, frequency hopping scanning, adjacent time-sharing, channel monitoring, and power adjustment. It has a wireless network overlapping anti-collision mechanism, and is suitable for signal overlapping networking architecture.
5、本发明ISM-433Mhz通信组件无线电波衍射性优越，通信可适应复杂地形，可穿透建筑物。5. The ISM-433Mhz communication component of the present invention has superior radio wave diffraction, and the communication can adapt to complex terrain and can penetrate buildings.
6、本发明可接入Internet网络，具备跨地域远程采集控制功能。6. The present invention can be connected to the Internet network, and has the function of cross-regional remote collection and control.
7、本发明具备分布式计算功能，适用于大规模光伏组件阵列数据采集。7. The present invention has a distributed computing function and is suitable for data collection of large-scale photovoltaic module arrays.
8、本发明数据采集系统可随意剪裁配置，既适用于大规模集中式光伏发电站，也适用于屋顶分布式光伏发电站。8. The data acquisition system of the present invention can be tailored and configured at will, and is not only suitable for large-scale centralized photovoltaic power stations, but also for rooftop distributed photovoltaic power stations.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的采集网络构架图。FIG. 1 is a frame diagram of the collection network of the present invention.
图2为本发明太阳能光伏组件阵列示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar photovoltaic module array of the present invention.
图3为本发明确定太阳能光伏组件行列位置的原理图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the present invention determining the position of the ranks of solar photovoltaic modules;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，便于清楚地了解本发明，但它们不对本发明构成限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not limit the present invention.
如图1、图2所示，本发明基于无线物联网的太阳能光伏组件阵列数据采集方法主要过程分为两步，分别为设备安装连接和数据采集。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the main process of the solar photovoltaic module array data collection method based on the wireless Internet of Things in the present invention is divided into two steps, which are respectively equipment installation and connection and data collection.
设备安装包括汇集装置的安装和监测装置的安装，以汇集装置为主，各监测装置为从，以433Mhz无线数传模块为媒介，构成一主多从的两级结构无线数据采集网络，免除中继转发或路由节点。汇集装置负责监听并记录新加入本网络的监测装置，为其分配通信地址后纳入本网络；同样，也可根据上位计算机的指令从本网络内剔除某个“监测装置”的地址信息，实现网络节点的配置剪裁功能。监测装置需执行入网登记与汇集装置建立绑定关系后才可提交光伏组件的工作数据，并且只向与其绑定的汇集装置发送数据，实现网络分组与归属功能。汇集装置所能容纳的监测装置无线接入数量仅受其无线信号覆盖范围限制，标准设计为1个汇集装置允许接入512个监测装置，数量可扩充、可剪裁。The equipment installation includes the installation of the collection device and the installation of the monitoring device. The collection device is the main part, and each monitoring device is the slave. With the 433Mhz wireless data transmission module as the medium, a two-level structure wireless data acquisition network with one master and multiple slaves is formed, eliminating the need for intermediate forwarding or routing nodes. The collection device is responsible for monitoring and recording the monitoring devices newly added to the network, assigning communication addresses to them and then incorporating them into the network; similarly, the address information of a "monitoring device" can also be removed from the network according to the instructions of the upper computer to realize network monitoring. Configuration pruning capabilities for nodes. The monitoring device needs to perform network registration and establish a binding relationship with the collection device before it can submit the working data of the photovoltaic module, and only send data to the collection device bound to it to realize the network grouping and attribution functions. The wireless access quantity of monitoring devices that can be accommodated by the concentrating device is only limited by its wireless signal coverage. The standard design is that one converging device allows access to 512 monitoring devices, and the number can be expanded and tailored.
汇集装置的安装：在太阳能光伏组件阵列中心安装汇集装置，其信号覆盖范围能囊括太阳能光伏阵列中的所有太阳能光伏组件，然后将汇集装置通过标准网口和/或WiFi接口与上层应用管理系统连接，实现汇集装置入网，汇集装置首先向其默认的配置工作站(IP地址固定)发连接请求，用户通过配置工作站向已连接的汇集装置写各项配置数据，并统一汇集装置内应用软件版本，装载新的配置参数，进入数据汇集状态，可与上层应用管理系统互联实现数据交互与控制指令响应。Installation of concentrating device: Install a concentrating device in the center of the solar photovoltaic module array, whose signal coverage can cover all solar photovoltaic modules in the solar photovoltaic array, and then connect the converging device to the upper application management system through a standard network port and/or WiFi interface , to realize the connection of the collection device to the network, the collection device first sends a connection request to its default configuration workstation (IP address is fixed), the user writes various configuration data to the connected collection device through the configuration workstation, and unifies the version of the application software in the collection device, loads The new configuration parameters enter the data collection state, which can be interconnected with the upper application management system to realize data interaction and control command response.
监测装置的安装：在太阳能光伏组件阵列的每个太阳能光伏组件上安装监测装置，所有监测装置分别通过通讯组件与汇集装置连接，通讯组件可以为ISM-433Mhz/2.4Ghz无线通讯模块、RS485通信模块、CAN通信模块、电力线载波通信模块中的一种或多种，连接好后进行监测装置入网操作，从而确定与之对应的每个太阳能光伏组件的行列位置，监测装置入网有两种方法分别为：Installation of monitoring devices: install monitoring devices on each solar photovoltaic module of the solar photovoltaic module array, and all monitoring devices are connected to the collection device through communication components. The communication components can be ISM-433Mhz/2.4Ghz wireless communication modules and RS485 communication modules , CAN communication module, power line carrier communication module or one or more, after the connection is completed, the monitoring device is connected to the network, so as to determine the position of each solar photovoltaic module corresponding to it. There are two ways for the monitoring device to connect to the network. :
1、人工入网登记：借助维护工具，在监测装置安装时即设置其行列信息、分组编号，此信息经维护工具通过网络或移动式存储媒介提交到配置工作站上，在配置工作站上为其绑定汇集装置，完成入网登记工作。1. Manual network registration: With the help of the maintenance tool, the rank information and group number of the monitoring device are set when the monitoring device is installed. This information is submitted to the configuration workstation through the maintenance tool through the network or mobile storage media, and bound to it on the configuration workstation Gather the device and complete the network registration work.
2、自动化入网登记：本发明采用两种模式完成自动化入网工作2. Automatic network access registration: the present invention uses two modes to complete the automatic network access work
逐一登记模式：此模式不需要人工操作维护工具，只是在安装监测装置时按固定顺序采用逐一上电的模式，由监测装置收取汇集装置定时发送的入网登记码并做出应答，双方经二次确认后，完成入网登记工作。One-by-one registration mode: This mode does not require manual operation and maintenance tools, but adopts the mode of powering on one by one in a fixed order when installing the monitoring device. The monitoring device receives the network registration code sent by the collection device regularly and responds. After confirmation, complete the network registration work.
信标定位模式：此模式不对安装做任何要求，进一步简化了人工操作，在阵列内所有监测装置安装完毕后，汇集装置通过通讯组件从各个监测装置内获取汇集装置信号覆盖范围内所有太阳能光伏组件的设备编号，各监测装置均可得到阵列内不同固定位置的信标(最少3个)发出的信号强度(即RSSI值)，分别是Rssi1～n，距离越近其RSSI值越大，反之越小；并将数据发送给汇集装置，由汇集装置据此计算出各监测装置的相对关系，从而得到太阳能光伏组件行列位置与设备编号的对应关系，完成入网登记工作。Beacon positioning mode: This mode does not make any requirements for installation, which further simplifies the manual operation. After all the monitoring devices in the array are installed, the collection device obtains all the solar photovoltaic modules within the signal coverage of the collection device from each monitoring device through the communication component. Each monitoring device can get the signal strength (RSSI value) sent by beacons (at least 3) at different fixed positions in the array, which are Rssi1~n respectively. The closer the distance is, the larger the RSSI value is, and vice versa. Small; and send the data to the collection device, which calculates the relative relationship of each monitoring device based on the collection device, so as to obtain the corresponding relationship between the position of the solar photovoltaic module and the equipment number, and complete the network registration work.
如图3所示，信标定位模式的详细过程为：As shown in Figure 3, the detailed process of the beacon positioning mode is:
测算相邻两个太阳能光伏组件之间的信号衰减值作为标尺单位，利用此标尺单位可将信号强弱值转换成行列位置信息，选取太阳能光伏组件阵列中已知固定行列位置的三个监测装置作为信标(为使定位更准确，也可以选取第4个信标作为备用信标使用)，三个信标均将各自的行列位置和所对应的设备编号发送给汇集装置内，则有信标P1(x1，y1)、P2(x2，y2)、P3(x3，y3)。由于太阳能光伏组件阵列中每个太阳能光伏组件背后均固定有一个监测装置，当汇集装置控制三个信标轮流向四周发送无线信号时，其余每个监测装置均能接收到来自于三个信标的三个强弱不同的信号，本实施例中采用监测装置P(x，y)举例说明，则监测装置P将接收到Rssi-1、Rssi-2、Rssi-3三个信号。汇集装置将这三个信号与标尺单位进行比对换算，得出监测装置P与三个信标的相对距离值r1、r2、r3(该值的单位为行或列)，根据r1、r2、r3和已知的信标P1(x1，y1)、P2(x2，y2)、P3(x3，y3)，则可得出关于监测装置P的x，y关系式：Calculate the signal attenuation value between two adjacent solar photovoltaic modules as the scale unit, use this scale unit to convert the signal strength value into row and column position information, and select three monitoring devices with known fixed row and column positions in the solar photovoltaic module array As a beacon (in order to make the positioning more accurate, the fourth beacon can also be selected as a backup beacon), the three beacons will send their respective row and column positions and corresponding equipment numbers to the converging device, and then there will be a signal Mark P1 (x1, y1), P2 (x2, y2), P3 (x3, y3). Since there is a monitoring device fixed behind each solar photovoltaic module in the solar photovoltaic module array, when the converging device controls the three beacons to send wireless signals to the surroundings in turn, each of the other monitoring devices can receive signals from the three beacons. Three signals with different strengths are used in this embodiment to illustrate by using the monitoring device P(x, y) as an example, then the monitoring device P will receive three signals Rssi-1, Rssi-2, and Rssi-3. The collection device compares and converts these three signals with the scale unit, and obtains the relative distance values r1, r2, and r3 between the monitoring device P and the three beacons (the unit of the value is row or column), according to r1, r2, r3 and the known beacons P1(x1, y1), P2(x2, y2), P3(x3, y3), then the relationship between x and y of the monitoring device P can be obtained:
根据该关系式即可求解出P(x，y)的值，从而得出监测装置P的行列位置，由于监测装置与太阳能光伏组件一一对应，故采用此方式则可以获取不同设备编号的每一个太阳能光伏组件的行列位置，并上传至上层应用管理系统，完成监测装置和太阳能光伏组件编号与行列位置对应关系的入网登记。According to this relational expression, the value of P(x, y) can be solved to obtain the row and column position of the monitoring device P. Since the monitoring device is in one-to-one correspondence with the solar photovoltaic modules, using this method can obtain each The row and row position of a solar photovoltaic module is uploaded to the upper application management system, and the network registration of the corresponding relationship between the monitoring device and the solar photovoltaic module number and the row and row location is completed.
数据采集过程为：The data collection process is:
1)监测装置采集并监测太阳能光伏组件的工作数据，根据接收的指令向汇集装置发送工作数据，工作数据包括工作电压、工作电流和工作温度。所有监测装置在发射无线信号前，均需要监听当前使用频道是否被占用；若信道被占用，则需随机延迟一段时间再次启动监听，若此时信道空闲则启动信号发射；若此时信道仍然被占用则再次重复延迟和监听，直到信道空闲为止；若重复次数超过阈值则取消信号发射业务，进入空闲状态等待新的指令。1) The monitoring device collects and monitors the working data of the solar photovoltaic modules, and sends the working data to the collection device according to the received instructions. The working data includes working voltage, working current and working temperature. All monitoring devices need to monitor whether the currently used channel is occupied before transmitting wireless signals; if the channel is occupied, it needs to be randomly delayed for a period of time to start monitoring again, if the channel is idle at this time, start signal transmission; if the channel is still occupied at this time If it is occupied, repeat the delay and monitoring again until the channel is free; if the number of repetitions exceeds the threshold, the signal transmission service will be canceled and enter the idle state to wait for new instructions.
2)汇集装置按已配置好的行列编码顺序对监测装置进行轮询式数据收集，保证任一时刻组内只有一对“汇集装置—监测装置对”处于通信状态，不产成组内通信冲突。同时汇集装置根据预留的外设接口，通过有线物联网接口获取逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的工作数据，根据工作数据进行逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的隐患判断，并提交该工作数据和隐患判断结果至上层应用管理系统。2) The collection device performs polling data collection on the monitoring device according to the configured row and column coding order, ensuring that only one pair of "collection device-monitoring device pair" is in the communication state at any time in the group, and no communication conflicts within the group occur . At the same time, the collection device obtains the working data of the inverter, power transmission and transformation equipment, and other peripherals through the wired Internet of Things interface according to the reserved peripheral interface, and performs inverter, power transmission and transformation equipment, and other peripheral equipment according to the working data. Hidden hazard judgment, and submit the work data and hidden danger judgment results to the upper application management system.
3)汇集装置接收到监测装置发送的太阳能光伏组件工作数据后，根据工作数据进行积分发电量的计算和隐患判断；根据逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的工作数据进行逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的隐患判断。3) After the collection device receives the working data of the solar photovoltaic modules sent by the monitoring device, it calculates the integral power generation and judges hidden dangers according to the working data; , Power transmission and transformation equipment and other peripheral equipment hidden danger judgment.
4)由上层应用管理系统向各汇集节点发采集调度指令，汇集装置根据接收的指令定时向上层应用管理系统上报本时间段内所有监测装置采集的工作数据以及计算的各光伏组件的积分发电量和隐患判断结果，以及逆变器、输变电设备以及其它外设的工作数据和隐患判断结果，实现太阳能光伏组件阵列的数据采集。4) The upper-level application management system sends collection and scheduling instructions to each collection node, and the collection device regularly reports to the upper-level application management system the working data collected by all monitoring devices and the calculated integral power generation of each photovoltaic module in the current period according to the received instructions and hidden danger judgment results, as well as working data and hidden danger judgment results of inverters, power transmission and transformation equipment, and other peripherals, to realize data collection of solar photovoltaic module arrays.
上述方案中，汇集装置进行积分发电量的计算包括：汇集装置根据接收的太阳能光伏组件工作数据中的工作电压和工作电流分别计算每个组串内的所有太阳能光伏组件的积分发电量，然后将每个组串内的所有太阳能光伏组件的积分发电量进行求和得到整个组串的积分发电量。之后汇集装置再将计算出的所有组串的发电量发送至上层应用管理系统，由上层应用管理系统求和计算得到整个光伏阵列的积分发电量。汇集装置计算每个太阳能光伏组件的积分发电量W(kwh)的计算公式为：In the above scheme, the calculation of the integrated power generation by the collection device includes: the collection device calculates the integral power generation of all solar photovoltaic modules in each string according to the working voltage and current in the received solar photovoltaic module working data, and then calculates the The integral power generation of all solar photovoltaic modules in each string is summed to obtain the integral power generation of the entire string. Afterwards, the collection device sends the calculated power generation of all strings to the upper application management system, and the upper application management system sums and calculates the integral power generation of the entire photovoltaic array. The calculation formula for the collection device to calculate the integral power generation W (kwh) of each solar photovoltaic module is:
其中，n为每天的发电工作时间(小时)，U(i)为当前测量电压，A(i)为当前测量电流，t(i)-t(i-1)为测量时隙。Among them, n is the daily power generation working time (hours), U (i) is the current measurement voltage, A (i) is the current measurement current, and t(i)-t(i-1) is the measurement time slot.
上述方案中，隐患判断包括：In the above scheme, hazard judgment includes:
太阳能光伏组件电压判别，汇集装置根据接收到的太阳能光伏组件的工作电压变化情况进行判别，通过太阳能光伏组件特性及光照变化情况可知，其输出电压变化应当是平缓的。当检测到任意时刻电压波动(电压波动为电压峰值与稳定值之间的差值)超过安全阈值(安全阈值为稳定值的10％)时，则认为太阳能光伏组件存在隐患或异常(例如：风沙遮盖、内部回路故障等)。Solar photovoltaic module voltage discrimination, the collection device judges according to the received working voltage change of the solar photovoltaic module. According to the characteristics of the solar photovoltaic module and the change of light, it can be known that the output voltage change should be gentle. When the voltage fluctuation is detected at any time (the voltage fluctuation is the difference between the voltage peak value and the stable value) exceeds the safety threshold (the safety threshold is 10% of the stable value), it is considered that there is a hidden danger or abnormality in the solar photovoltaic module (for example: wind and sand cover, internal circuit failure, etc.).
太阳能光伏组件(组串)电流判别，汇集装置根据接收到的太阳能光伏组件电流变化情况进行判别，通过太阳能光伏组件(组串)的电流特性可知，其电流应当是平稳的，变化是平缓的。当数据采集芯片检测到任意时刻电流波动(电压波动为电压峰值与稳定值之间的差值)超过安全阈值(安全阈值为稳定值的10％)时，则判断太阳能光伏组件存在隐患。如电流突然增大，即电流峰值与稳定值之间的差值超出稳定值的10％，则认为太阳能光伏组件发生短路故障(例如：组件进水或凝露短路)；电流突然变小，即电流峰值与稳定值之间的差值超出稳定值的10％，，则可认为太阳能电池板组串回路中发生断路故障(例如：汇流箱内组串线路保险丝熔毁等)。Solar photovoltaic module (string) current discrimination, the concentrator judges according to the current change of the received solar photovoltaic module. According to the current characteristics of the solar photovoltaic module (string), the current should be stable and the change is gentle. When the data acquisition chip detects that the current fluctuation (the voltage fluctuation is the difference between the voltage peak value and the stable value) exceeds the safety threshold (the safety threshold is 10% of the stable value) at any time, it is judged that there is a hidden danger in the solar photovoltaic module. If the current suddenly increases, that is, the difference between the peak value of the current and the stable value exceeds 10% of the stable value, it is considered that the solar photovoltaic module has a short-circuit fault (for example: the module is short-circuited by water or condensation); the current suddenly decreases, that is If the difference between the current peak value and the stable value exceeds 10% of the stable value, it can be considered that there is an open circuit fault in the solar panel string circuit (for example: the fuse of the string line in the combiner box is melted, etc.).
太阳能光伏组件工作温度判别，汇集装置将接收到的太阳能光伏组件的工作温度与安全阈值进行比对，当太阳能光伏组件的工作温度超过安全阈值则判别太阳能光伏组件发生异常(自发热或发生火险)，立即上报异常信息供运维决策。The operating temperature of solar photovoltaic modules is judged. The collection device compares the received operating temperature of solar photovoltaic modules with the safety threshold. When the operating temperature of solar photovoltaic modules exceeds the safety threshold, it is judged that the solar photovoltaic module is abnormal (self-heating or fire hazard) , Immediately report abnormal information for operation and maintenance decision-making.
当汇集装置在判断太阳能光伏组件存在隐患时，可控制与太阳能光伏组件对应的自动保护切换电路接通，直至太阳能光伏组件故障排除后再度控制自动保护切换电路断开，以实现隐患自动隔离功能，能够将存在隐患的光伏组件从组串回路中自动隔离出去，同时还不影响组串的正常发电工作，有利于光伏组件的设备保护，有助于提高系统整体发电效率When the collection device judges that there are hidden dangers in the solar photovoltaic modules, it can control the automatic protection switching circuit corresponding to the solar photovoltaic modules to be turned on, and then control the automatic protection switching circuit to be disconnected after the solar photovoltaic modules are eliminated, so as to realize the function of automatic isolation of hidden dangers. It can automatically isolate the photovoltaic modules with hidden dangers from the string circuit without affecting the normal power generation of the strings, which is beneficial to the equipment protection of photovoltaic modules and helps to improve the overall power generation efficiency of the system
对于逆变器和输变电设备以及其它外围设备，根据各设备说明书列明的“状态-工作数据”对应关系，以设备的实时工作数据为依据进行状态判别，若发生异常则即时上报，也可向设备发指令进行紧急关停保护。For inverters, power transmission and transformation equipment, and other peripheral equipment, according to the corresponding relationship between "status-working data" listed in the manuals of each equipment, the status is judged based on the real-time working data of the equipment. It can send instructions to the equipment for emergency shutdown protection.
本发明中对太阳能光伏组件的工作数据进行积分发电量的计算和隐患判断都是通过汇集装置完成，但当光伏阵列中入网的监测装置数量过多时，为防止汇集装置计算量过大，可通过设置由监测装置完成太阳能光伏组件的积分发电量的计算和隐患判断，此时监测装置向汇集装置发送的数据除了工作数据，还包括计算的积分发电量和隐患判断结果，汇集装置中不进行计算和判断。In the present invention, the calculation of the integrated power generation of the working data of the solar photovoltaic modules and the judgment of hidden dangers are all completed through the collection device. It is set that the monitoring device completes the calculation of the integral power generation of solar photovoltaic modules and the hidden danger judgment. At this time, the data sent by the monitoring device to the collection device includes the calculated integral power generation and hidden danger judgment results in addition to the working data, and the collection device does not perform calculations. and judgment.
本发明数据采集方法过程中，整个系统由各汇集装置通过路由器向上层应用管理系统提交本组所有光伏组件的各项数据，并执行上层应用管理系统的各项指令，同时，可以通过Internet互联网实现跨区域的外部管理及监控功能；由汇集装置向监测装置发送应用软件升级数据包，实现IAP升级功能；汇集装置可统计各监测装置反馈的信号强度、丢包率、各监测装置的联网状态等数据，通过互联网向管理工作站提交，用户可藉此直观的了解物联网通信质量和状态；在管理工作站上修改相应汇集装置的入网配置数据，实现新设备入网、位置编号修改、既有设备删除的功能。In the process of the data acquisition method of the present invention, the entire system submits various data of all photovoltaic modules in this group to the upper-level application management system through routers by each collection device, and executes various instructions of the upper-level application management system. At the same time, it can be realized through the Internet Cross-regional external management and monitoring functions; the collection device sends application software upgrade data packets to the monitoring device to realize the IAP upgrade function; the collection device can count the signal strength fed back by each monitoring device, the packet loss rate, and the networking status of each monitoring device, etc. The data is submitted to the management workstation through the Internet, so that users can intuitively understand the communication quality and status of the Internet of Things; modify the network access configuration data of the corresponding collection device on the management workstation to realize the network access of new equipment, modification of location numbers, and deletion of existing equipment. Function.
整个系统是可以自由剪裁或扩充的，通过配置、剪裁监测装置与汇集装置的数量及应用规模即可满足大规模密集式光伏发电站，或小规模离散化屋顶分布式发电站的使用需求。The whole system can be cut or expanded freely. By configuring and cutting the number and application scale of monitoring devices and collection devices, it can meet the needs of large-scale intensive photovoltaic power stations or small-scale discrete rooftop distributed power stations.
不同的光伏组件组之间存在信号交叠覆盖区，交叠区内属于不同组的监测装置存在互相干扰的问题本发明采用以下5种方式解决：There are signal overlapping coverage areas between different photovoltaic module groups, and the monitoring devices belonging to different groups in the overlapping area have mutual interference problems. The present invention adopts the following five methods to solve the problem:
-1-组间错频：位置相邻的两组光伏组件各自采用不同的通信频率，解决互相干扰。-1-Frequency error between groups: Two groups of photovoltaic modules that are adjacent to each other use different communication frequencies to solve mutual interference.
-2-跳频扫描：以433Mhz为中心频点，按一定频率差划分出20个通信频道，汇集装置及监测装置从频道1开始，每通信一次即跳变到下一个频道，如此往复构成跳频通信机制，相邻两组之间错开频道起点，即可在跳频机制下形成固定的频道差，任一时刻相邻两组所采用的通信频道不相等，解决互相干扰。-2-Frequency hopping scanning: with 433Mhz as the center frequency point, 20 communication channels are divided according to a certain frequency difference. The converging device and monitoring device start from channel 1, and jump to the next channel every time there is a communication. Frequency communication mechanism, the starting point of the channel is staggered between the two adjacent groups, and a fixed channel difference can be formed under the frequency hopping mechanism. At any time, the communication channels used by the adjacent two groups are not equal to solve mutual interference.
-3-相邻分时：由上层计算机系统进行管控，使任一时刻相邻的两组只有其一处于无线通信采集的状态，使用分时系统的概念，从时间上错开无线通信活动，从而解决互相干扰问题。-3- Adjacent time-sharing: Controlled by the upper-level computer system, only one of the two adjacent groups is in the state of wireless communication acquisition at any time. Using the concept of time-sharing system, the wireless communication activities are staggered in time, so that Solve the problem of mutual interference.
-4-信道监测：所有监测组件在发射无线信号前，均监听当前频道是否忙。若当前频道被占用则随机延迟一段时间之后再次监听，信道不忙时才发射无线信号，即实现了精简的CSMA/CA机制，从信道状态监测层面解决互相干扰的问题。-4-Channel monitoring: All monitoring components monitor whether the current channel is busy before transmitting wireless signals. If the current channel is occupied, it will be randomly delayed for a period of time to listen again, and the wireless signal will be transmitted when the channel is not busy, which realizes a simplified CSMA/CA mechanism and solves the problem of mutual interference from the channel status monitoring level.
-5-功率可调：通过调节无线数传组件的发射功率，可以在现场调整信号覆盖范围，使信号重叠区尽可能小或消除。尤适用于小规模离散化的屋顶分布式发电系统。-5- Adjustable power: By adjusting the transmission power of the wireless data transmission components, the signal coverage can be adjusted on site to make the signal overlapping area as small or eliminated as possible. It is especially suitable for small-scale discrete rooftop distributed power generation systems.
本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
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