CN101479051B - 生产多层粒子、纤维和喷雾的系统和方法以及施用它们的方法 - Google Patents
生产多层粒子、纤维和喷雾的系统和方法以及施用它们的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
可通过电流体动力方法生产含有至少一种被包囊和/或包埋的药剂例如治疗剂、显像剂和其它成分的胶囊和粒子。更特别地的是,包囊在介质、胶囊、粒子、介体或载体中的所述药剂可以使恶性癌症的治疗和/或显像最大化,同时使治疗和/或显像的不良作用最小化。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2006年5月3日提交的序号为60/746,311的美国临时申请和2007年1月23日提交的序号为60/886,225的美国临时申请的优先权及其权益,通过引用将它们的公开内容全部明确并入本申请。
背景
发明领域
本发明涉及用于生产含有至少一种被包囊和/或包埋的药剂例如治疗剂、显像剂和其它成分的胶囊和粒子的系统和方法。更特别地,包囊在介质、胶囊、粒子、介体或载体中的所述药剂可以使恶性肿瘤的治疗和/或显像最大化,同时使治疗和/或显像的不良作用最小化。
相关技术
癌症是一类疾病或障碍,其特征为不受控制的细胞分裂以及它们通过侵袭直接生长到邻近组织或者通过转移植入到远处位置而扩散的能力。癌症可影响所有年龄段的人,但是风险倾向于随年龄增加。在发达国家癌症是造成死亡的主要原因之一。
例如在2003年,根据国立癌症研究所(National CaneerInstitute),每10000名女性中有12至13名罹患乳腺癌。尽管显像和早期诊断工具在过去二十多年一直不断改进,但目前乳腺癌早期检测远不是绝对可靠的,特别是在年轻女性中使用乳房X线照片时。虽然已经使用或者评价了磁共振成象(MRI和超声波)以及基于激光的显像技术,但对任何显像技术而言,健康组织和癌性组织之间最佳可能对比的问题是一个长期存在的问题。
目前科学家面临的挑战是确定如何设计治疗或显像剂及其介质、介体或载体,以便使患者中的恶性癌症的治疗和显像最大化,同时使治疗的不良作用最小化。此外,向身体需要的部分选择性递送治疗剂也是一个不小的问题。目前的治疗可能导致治疗剂不充分的肿瘤分布,并且常常对患者造成不良作用。治疗剂的全身性注射导致与它们在身体内的非特异性分散有关的后果,并且在整个靶向的恶性肿瘤中只有有限的治疗剂分布。克服这些缺点的一种方法是通过制备含有所需治疗剂的小泡或胶囊来设计有效的治疗或显像剂递送介质。
形成小泡或胶囊(它们小到足以通过吸入、注射或渗透穿过皮肤的方式递送到人体内)已经得到重大关注。该小泡的外侧表皮或者壳可能与受体和其它物种化学性地官能化,以选择性地靶向某些器官。已有若干可以利用的方法,例如电喷射法和双-毛细管射流系统以制造小囊泡。
乳化-聚合技术,例如DC共轴电喷射、AC共轴电喷射以及电流体力学(EHD)是可以生产微米级大小的胶囊的公知方法。通常,含有待包囊的目标化合物(也称为“包囊物”)的溶液被乳化到另一种流体中成为溶液,该溶液具有至少一种能够在包囊物分散的液滴的周围形成壳或包膜的物质。尽管乳化-聚合方法是相对可放大的,但仍然有若干与该方法相关的限制,例如不能以定量的方式包囊目标物,并且乳液的高剪切力生产可能损害力学上精致的包囊物(例如生物学组分如蛋白质、遗传物质和其它生物来源的分子)的完整性。
共轴电喷射(其基于应用递送含包囊物的芯流体和形成壳的流体前体的共轴毛细管装置与集电极表面或反电极之间的DC电势)具有产生微米和亚微米范围内的小泡的能力。尽管DC共轴电喷射对于生物学包囊物可能相对温和,但其主要局限在于它在设备、设计、放大能力以及成本有效性方面缺乏简单性。
可以使用AC电喷射法,作为基于DC的电喷射法可替代方案。例如AC电喷射法可用于生产包埋在生物可吸收的生物聚合物基质例如聚乳酸中的包囊物。AC电喷射法基本上产生电中性的电喷射。尽管有与荷电中性有关的优点,例如降低的粒子或电喷射液滴在非靶向表面上无差别吸附的能力,以及避免潜在的电荷聚集的问题。AC电喷射法的一个缺点是它产生具有远远大于1微米大小的不合乎需要大的粒子。对于许多医学应用,例如透过血脑屏障,AC电喷射法产生粒子大得不能接受。
除了电喷射法,结合溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)化学的共轴流体射流系统例如EHD还可用于制备小泡或胶囊。在电场梯度存在下,使用共轴、双-毛细管共轴布置,以同时递送两种流体是本领域公知的。
简而言之,在此方法中,两种流体的化学和物理性质以及变量的取值例如电场强度和两流体的流速可以确定收集到集电极上的物质的结构,该集电极可位于远离双-毛细管共轴布置出口区域的地方。在该出口区域,化合物双-流体结构可形成带电弯液面,其可采用多种形状,例如泰勒(Taylor)锥。
图1,其说明了由现有技术的双-共轴毛细管系统产生的流体流,描绘了在电场梯度存在下的双-流体流100,其中内部流体104被外部流体106包封。准圆锥形的泰勒锥结构108放出来自其顶端110的带电复合双-流体射流。在此,由于相同电荷排斥作用,该带电流体射流经历细化。此外,该射流的细化可能是两种流体物理性质,例如介电常数、粘度、电导率和表面张力的函数。尽管当流体104和流体106未混合时可能出现分化的双-流体结构,它们也可能在流体104和流体106可混溶的或部分可混溶时发生,原因是两种流体流均在所谓的层流区域下。
层流可以是非-湍流的,其可使流动的流体层之间的混合最小化。这样,由于该两流体未混合到形成单一流体相的程度,该细化的带电双-流体射流可进入类似于振荡现象的混乱的通道。在沿着其通向收集区或集电极本体112通道的某点上,该复合双-流体射流可经历电荷振荡现象,该现象被称为Rayleigh不稳定性。这可引起该复合双-流体射流不再经历渐进性细化,但是经历振荡的细化和增稠方式,其可能最终导致射流瓦解成液滴包液滴的方式,或者复合电喷射方式。
两种流体的化学和物理性质可以受控制,以产生在收集区域或集电极112处收集的多种结构。例如,如果流体106通过溶剂蒸发和固相沉淀而产生固体结构,举例来说,流体104可以被包囊到例如中空纤维、中空珠状纤维或胶囊的结构中。或者,在复合荷电结构从双-流体带电的弯液面运行到收集区域112的时间期间,可以调节两种流体的化学和物理性质,以使得流体104和流体106的无固化、两种流体中的一种固化或者两种流体均固化。
关于图1,显示了区域3、4和5。如果某些物理化学现象导致流体106在区域3中固化,则可能获得将流体104包囊在由流体106形成的固体壳中的管状结构。但是,如果在流体106中的固化现象发生于区域4中,可能获得含有包囊流体104的中空珠状纤维。或者,如果在流体106中的固化现象发生于区域5中,可能获得含有包囊流体104的胶囊。在流体104固化但流体106不固化的情况下,湿润的纤维、湿润的珠状纤维或者湿润的粒子可分别在区域3、4和5中产生。当两流体在到达该收集区域之前固化时,可导致核-壳固体结构。
尽管共轴双-毛细管系统可用于产生上文所述的核-壳结构,但还有若干与该常规系统相关的缺点。特别是,当尝试将该方法直接、平行放大以增加方法处理量时,会发生微-制备问题。例如,内部和外部毛细管的内径的典型范围分别为约0.1至约0.3mm和约0.3至约1.0mm。为了建立由许多此类共轴双-毛细管装置组成的设备以用于扩大规模生产期望的核-壳结构,有必要生产各单个的装置,该装置具有排列在尽可能接近于共轴的内部和外部毛细管,并且还具有在其直径上的高度重现性。然而现代的微制备技术可能遇到这样的挑战,这些技术是非常复杂的并且不是成本有效的。
特别是,处理流体流穿过许多孔口、毛细管、导管或双-毛细管共轴装置的常规方式是通过使用一种使液流穿过所有相同的流体孔口、毛细管、导管或双-毛细管共轴装置的装置,而不是通过控制穿过每一单个流体流通路的流体流速。这就是例如制造平行放大规模生产期望的核-壳结构是困难而且昂贵的原因。如果从一个双-毛细管共轴装置的内部或外部毛细管与另一个的内部或外部毛细管的直径变异超过约2%或3%,则不可能产生期望的核-壳结构而不出现不合乎需要的结构。用该现有技术的双-毛细管装置,在内部和外部毛细管的全部压力差模式方面的细小差异也会造成不合乎需要的作用。
发明概述
本发明通过提供用于制备具有被包埋或包囊的治疗剂和/或显像剂的胶囊的系统和方法而满足了以上需求。更特别地,本发明的该系统和方法容许有较宽范围的胶囊大小,保持导致的治疗剂和/或显像剂的降解的化学相互作用至充分低和可接受的水平,包括更少的制备步骤,并且比常规方法更为成本有效。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了生产含有至少一种被包囊的药剂的胶囊的方法。该方法可包括向中空管的内部提供芯流体,提供壳流体流,在所述中空管外壁产生壳流体流,使所述芯流体和所述壳流体经受电势以便在中空管的顶部形成双-流体带电射流,并且在中空管的顶部形成具有芯区域和壳区域的胶囊。此外,该方法还可包括提供集电极并使所形成的胶囊沉积在该集电极的表面上。
在另一方面,本发明的方法可包括将至少一种磁铁矿粒子分散在该胶囊的壳区域内。该至少一种磁铁矿粒子可具有约1nm至约300nm范围内的大小。磁铁矿粒子种类可以是Fe3O4。
在再另一方面,所述方法可包括将至少一种光子敏感的纳米粒子分散在所述胶囊的壳区域内。该光敏感的纳米粒子物类可具有约1nm至约50nm范围内的大小。该种类的光子敏感的纳米粒子可包括银、金、钯及其任何组合。
在进一步的方面,所述芯流体可以以约0.005毫升/小时至约5毫升/小时范围内的流速提供,并且特别是,以约0.025毫升/小时的流速提供。该壳流体可以以约0.005毫升/小时至约5毫升/小时范围内的流速提供,并且特别是,以约0.75毫升/小时的流速提供。该阳性电偏倚可具有约5kV至约18kV的电压。该集电极可以处于接地电势。
在一方面,所述方法可包括将官能团分散在该胶囊壳的外周。该官能团可以为实体例如羟基、氨基、羧基、羧酸酐基、巯基、氢硅基、硫基、羧酸基、胺基及其任意组合。此外,该官能团可以能够化学或物理性地与附着于胰腺癌细胞。该官能团可以是一种或多种化合物例如激酶受体、成纤维细胞生长因子受体、EGF、TGF、VEGF-A、尿激酶受体、白细胞介素-4受体、视黄酸受体、肝素结合性EGF样生长因子、HB-EGF、双调蛋白、epireguin、神经调节蛋白及其功能等价物。该官能团可具有的含量在约0wt%至约1wt%的范围内。此外,该官能团可以能够结合亚细胞靶例如内质网、线粒体、高尔基体、液泡、细胞核、顶体(aerosome)、中心粒、纤毛、乙醛酸循环体、溶酶体、黑素体、肌原纤维、核仁、过氧化物酶体、肌动蛋白、微管蛋白、质膜和核糖体、小泡。
在一个特别的方面,所述官能团可以能够化学或物理性地附着于神经胶质瘤细胞并且可以是表皮生长因子及其功能等价物。该官能团在所述胶囊上可以具有的含量在约0wt%至约0.02wt%的范围内。
在另一特别的方面,所述官能团可以能够化学或物理性地与附着于乳腺癌细胞。该官能团可以是雌激素及其功能等价物。另外,该官能团可在所述胶囊上的含量在约0.02wt%至约0.4wt%的范围内。
在再另一特别的方面,所述官能团能够化学或物理性地与附着于淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤和白血病癌细胞中的至少一种。该官能团可包括以下中的一种或多种:VEGR-2、托西莫单抗(tostumomab)、能够结合CD20受体的抗体、CD5、CD7、CD13、CD19、CD22、CD33、CD52、CD61、抗髓过氧化物酶及其功能等价物。该官能团在所述胶囊的壳上可以具有的含量在约0.0wt%至约1.0wt%的范围内。
根据本发明的一方面,所述壳流体可以是至少一种生物相容性聚合物。该生物相容性聚合物可包括以下中的一种或多种:聚(乳酸)、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)、壳聚糖(citosan)、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚己内酯、淀粉、聚乙二醇以及由其组合产生的共聚合物。
在特别的方面,所述芯流体可包括以下中的一种或多种:治疗剂和显像剂。该治疗剂可包括一种或多种材料,例如核酸、双链DNA、单链DNA、双链RNA、单链RNA、肽核酸(PNA)、反义DNA、反义RNA、小的干扰RNA、蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物及其组合。此外,该治疗剂是至少一种非生物学材料。该显像剂适用于检测患者中的恶性癌症。
在另一方面,所述治疗剂可适用于治疗罹患病症的患者。该患者可罹患至少一种病症例如乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、癌、肉瘤、间皮瘤、神经胶质瘤、生殖细胞瘤和绒毛膜癌。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了用于产生具有至少一种被包囊的药剂的胶囊的电流体动力系统。该系统可包括具有被配置以接受芯流体的内部的中空管、环绕所述中空管的流体源、被安排将所述芯流体供应到所述中空管的所述内部的芯流体供应管、被安排将所述壳流体供应到所述壳流体源的壳流体供应管和电势源,其使所述芯流体和所述壳流体经受电势,以使所述流体形成包括至少双-流体带电流体的射流。该系统可包括芯流体贮存器。该系统还可包括壳流体贮存器。所述被包囊的药剂可以是治疗剂和显像剂中的至少一种。
在特别的方面,所述系统还可包括集电极,其位于所述流体槽的上方。另外,该系统可包括位于所述流体槽和所述集电极之间的提取器本体。
在更特别的方面,所述流体源可以是流体槽。该流体源还可是以多孔材料。该多孔材料可以是海绵。此外,该流体源可以是多个管。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了生产具有至少一种被包囊的药剂的胶囊的系统。该系统可包括多个中空管、环绕所述多个中空管的套、被安排将所述芯流体供应到所述多个中空管的内部的芯流体供应管、被安排供应所述壳流体的壳流体供应管和电势源,其使所述芯流体和所述壳流体经受电势,以使所述流流体形成具有至少为双-流体带电流体的射流。该系统还可包括集电极。此外,该系统还可包括提取器本体。
在进一步的方面,本发明的所述系统可以包括芯流体贮存器。此外,该系统还可包括壳流体贮存器。
在一个特别的方面,所述多个中空管在所述套中可以是沿四周安排的。该多个中空管还可线性安排在所述套中,该套包括至少两个板。该套可以被配置以接受和递送该壳流体。该壳供应管可以被配置和安排以将所述壳流体供应到所述多个中空管之间的空间。
在特别的方面,可装配本发明的所述系统以实现上行流电流体力学。或者,可装配本发明的所述系统以实现下行流电流体力学。
根据以下详细的说明、附图和权利要求的考虑,可以说明本发明的其它特征、益处和实施方案或者使之明显。此外,应当理解,上文的发明概述以及下文的详述是示例性的,并且欲意提供进一步的解释而非限制本发明所要求的范围。
附图简述
将所附的附图(包括它们以提供对本发明进一步的理解)并入本说明书并且作为本说明书的一部分;本发明说明性实施方案连同详细的描述用于解释本发明原理。未尝试显示比本发明的基本理解以及其可实施的各种方式所必需的更详细的结构细节。
图1是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的双-流体带电射流,这是包括至少两个不同流体层的流体流。
图2是一示意图,其显示了通过本发明方法产生的胶囊的一般结构。
图3是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的上行流电流体动力系统。
图4是图3的上行流电流体动力系统的分解示意图,其显示了提取器(extractor)的添加。
图5是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的使用单毛细管以形成双-流体带电射流的下降液流电流体动力系统。
图6A是一示意图,其描绘了根据本发明原理的使用多个管或导管以递送所述壳流体的下降液流电流体动力系统。
图6B是图6A的横断面图。
图7A是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的使用位于两板之间的多个毛细管以递送所述芯流体的下降液流电流体动力系统。
图7B是图7A的横断面图。
图8A是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的使用多个毛细管以递送所述芯流体的下降液流电流体动力系统。
图8B是图8A的横断面图。
图9是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的下降液流电流体动力系统,其用于生产含有至少三个层的胶囊。
图10是一示意图,其显示了根据本发明原理的使用多孔体以递送该壳流体以产生所述双-流体泰勒锥的下降液流电流体动力系统。
图11是根据本发明原理的上行流电流体动力系统的示意图,其中所述的芯流体贮存器可以旋转。
图12是在所述壳制剂的强制流动和电场下形成的带电弯液面的照片。
图13A是一示意图,其描绘了根据本发明原理的本发明基于电喷射及其周围气相之间的化学反应的组合的方法。
图13B是一示意图,其描绘了根据本发明原理的本发明基于电喷射及其周围气相之间的化学反应的组合的方法。
图14显示了由共聚焦显微镜获得的照片。图片I是未聚焦的信号,图片II显示了胶囊芯流体区域中的聚焦信号。
图15是显示通过标准曲线将旋光度转换成对等的D-(或L-)谷氨酰胺浓度时,转氨酶在包囊中以及在游离溶液中的活性的图。
发明详述
应理解为,本发明不限于本文所述的具体方法、方案和试剂等,正如本领域技术人员将会理解的,它们是可以变化的。还应理解,本文所用术语仅用于描述具体实施方案的目的,并非欲意限制本发明的范围。还要指出,正如本文及所附后权利要求中所用的,单数形式“a”、“an”和“the”包括复数关系,除非上下文另有清楚的说明。此处,例如,提及“胶囊”是指一个或多个胶囊以及它们的本领域技术人员已知的同等物。
除非另有定义,用于本文的全部技术和科学术语具有与本发明有关的技术领域普通技术人员一般理解的相同含义。本发明实施方案以及它们的各种特征和益处的细节是参考非限制性实施方案更充分解释的,和/或是在随附图示中说明的以及下文描述中详述的。应当指出,附图中说明的特征无需绘刻度,并且一项实施方案的特征可以用于其它实施方案,正如熟练技术人员将会理解的,即使未在本文明确说明。
本文引述的任何数值包括从较低值以一单位增量到较高值的所有数值,条件是任何较低数值至任何较高数值之间有至少2个单位的分隔。例如,如果指出组分的浓度或者方法变量的取值,例如大小、温度、压力、时间等,例如是从1至90,特别是从20至80,更特别是从30至70,其欲指例如15至85、22至68、43至51、30至32等的取值是在本说明书中清楚列举了的。对于低于1的取值,适当的是,1单位被认为是0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。这些仅仅是特别提及的实例,并且,所列举的最低值和最高值之间的数值的所有可能组合被考虑为在本申请中以类似方式清楚地说明了的。
此外,下文紧接着提供的是“定义”部分,其中特别定义了某些与本发明相关的术语。描述了具体的方法、装置和材料,尽管与本文所述那些相似或等同的任何方法和材料可用于本发明的实施和测试。本文提及的全部参考文献以其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
定义
BSA是牛血清白蛋白
CED是加强对流递送
CFM是共焦荧光显微法
EHD是电流体动力学
PBS是磷酸盐缓冲液
PEG是聚(乙二醇)
PLA是聚(乳酸)
PCL是聚己内酯
PLGA是聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)
术语“活性剂”、“药物”、“治疗剂”和“药理活性剂”在本文交替使用,是指这样的化学物质或化合物,当施用于有机体(人或动物)时其诱导需要的药理学作用。所包括的是这些化合物的衍生物和类似物,或者特别提及的种类的化合物,它们也诱导需要的药理学作用。特别是,该治疗剂可包括单一的生物学或非生物学化合物,或者生物学或非生物学化合物的组合,它们可能是需要的以引起需要的治疗作用。
“药学可接受的载剂”表示一种物质或材料,其适合于药物施用并且不是生物学或者其它方面不希望的,即,它们可以连同活性剂施用于个体而不会引起任何不需要的生物学作用,或者以有害的方式与制剂的任何其它成分相互作用,在所述制剂中含有该载剂。
类似地,如本文提供的,活性剂的“药理学上可接受的”盐、酯或其它衍生物不是生物学或其它方面不希望的盐、酯或其它衍生物。
如本文提供的,药剂的术语“有效量”或“治疗有效”表示该药剂的无毒性但是足以提供需要的治疗作用的量。所需要的确切量将因受试者而异,这取决于该受试者的年龄、体重和一般状况,所治疗病症的严重性,临床医生的判断等等。因此,不可能指定确切的“有效量”。然而,在任何个体病例中,适宜的“有效”量可由本领域普通技术人员仅使用常规试验确定。
术语“治疗”和“治疗”如用于本文的是指症状的严重度和/或频率的减少、症状和/或潜在病因的消除、症状的出现和/或其潜在病因的预防以及损伤的改善或愈合。因此,例如,“治疗”癌症个体的该方法,如在本文使用的术语“治疗”,包括临床症状个体中癌症的治疗。
术语“病症”、“疾病”和“障碍”在本文可互换使用,是指可以通过施用本文所述治疗剂而被检测、预防或治疗的生理学状况。示例性的疾病和病症可包括,但不限于,癌症例如乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、胰腺癌、白血病和淋巴瘤。
“一名患者”的治疗中的术语“患者”是指如遭受或易患本文特指的病症、疾病或障碍的哺乳动物个体,并且包括人和动物。
术语“核苷酸”如用于本文的可包括寡核苷酸、核苷酸或多核苷酸,以及它们的片断,涉及可以是单-或双链的基因或合成来源的DNA或RNA;并且表示有义链或反义链,涉及肽核酸(PNA)、小的干扰RNA(siRNA)分子、任何DNA-样或RNA-样材料,天然或合成来源的。
术语“转染”如用于本文的包括将DNA表达载体诱导到细胞中的过程。各种转染的方法者是可能的,包括显微注射法或脂质转染法。
术语“转化”如用于本文的通常是指一种过程,通过该过程,外源性DNA进入并改变受体细胞。其可能在天然或人工条件下使用本领域公知的各种方法而发生。转化可依赖于任何已知用于将外来核苷酸序列插入到原核或真核宿主细胞中的方法。根据被转化的宿主细胞类型选择该方法,并且可包括,但不限于,病毒感染法、电穿孔法、热休克法和脂质转染法。
反义基因:反义基因是由就其启动子而言将基因的定向反转构成的,以便该反义链被转录。
反义RNA:一种附属于特定RNA转录物的RNA分子,其可杂交到该转录物并且阻断其功能。
术语“功能等价物”如用于本文的通常是指蛋白质或核苷酸分子,其具有基本上相似于异种蛋白、多肽、酶或核苷酸的功能或结构特征。蛋白质的功能等价物可以含有变体,这取决于此变体对于执行特定功能的需求。术语“功能等价物”欲意包括分子的“片段”、“突变体”、“杂种”、“变异体”、“类似物”或“化学衍生物”。
“复合带电流体射流”如用于本文的通常是指由至少两个不同流体层组成的流体的液流。例如,当使用两流体以通过EHD形成复合带电射流时,外部流体是胶囊壳的流体前体,该胶囊是通过复合带电流体射流EHD方法制备的;并且内部流体是胶囊核心的前体。
根据本发明,当所述的胶囊在分层的结构中具有至少一个芯区域以及至少一个粒子壳区域时,药剂是被“包囊的”。该胶囊可以进一步含有至少一种药剂,例如治疗剂或显像剂。
根据本发明,当所述的药剂被分散在由一种或多种生物相容聚合物组成的生物相容的基质中,并且不同的洋葱样层不明显时,药剂是被“包埋的”。
术语“癌瘤”如用于本文的通常是指来源于上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。该组可表示最普通的癌症,包括普通形式的乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌和结肠癌。
术语“淋巴瘤”和“白血病”如用于本文的通常是指来源于血液和骨髓细胞的恶性肿瘤。
术语“肉瘤”如用于本文的通常是指来源于结缔组织或间充质细胞的恶性肿瘤。
术语“间皮瘤”如用于本文的通常是指来源于衬托腹膜和胸膜的间皮细胞的肿瘤。
术语“神经胶质瘤”如用于本文的通常是指来源于神经胶质即脑细胞的最常见类型的肿瘤。
术语“生殖细胞瘤”如用于本文的通常是指来源于生殖细胞的肿瘤,该干细胞通常发现于睾丸和卵巢。
术语“绒毛膜癌”如用于本文的通常是指来源于胎盘的恶性肿瘤。
术语“附着的”如用于本文的通常是指共价结合、吸附和物理固定。术语“伴随”、“结合”和“连接”同等地表示术语“附着的”。
术语“纳米粒子”如用于本文的通常是指一种粒子,通常为金属的、半导体性的、磁性的、陶瓷性的和绝缘性的粒子,其具有范围为约1nm至约1000nm的直径。
术语“聚合物”或“生物聚合物”如用于本文的通常是指具有两个或多个单体单元的化合物,并且欲意包括线性和支化聚合物和共聚物,术语“支化聚合物”包括简单的分支结构以及高度分支的和树枝状聚合物。术语“单体”用于本文是指没有聚合的化合物。“聚合物”或“生物聚合物”在本文可以为天然出现的、化学修饰的或者化学合成的。
术语“官能团”通常是指可以适用于使第一和第二分子一起化学结合的化合物。化学结合可以认为是广泛涵盖的结合,其具有某些共价特性,有或无极性结合,并且可以具有配体-金属结合连同不同程度的离子结合的特征。该官能团可以指配体-受体结合关系,其中共价结合是典型的缔合。可以根据分子的组成选择该官能团。连接体的另一官能团可以适合于使第一和第二分子一起共价结合。共价结合广泛地指共价键与σ键、π键、氢键、其它离域共价键和/或其它共价结合类型,并且可以是有或无离子结合组分等的极性键。共价连接体包括官能化的有机分子。官能团可包括羟基基团、氨基基团、羧基基团、羧酸酐基团、巯基基团和硅烷基基团。
本发明涉及制备药剂例如治疗剂或显像剂的系统和方法,该药剂被包埋或包囊在介质、胶囊、粒子、介体或载体中,以便使恶性肿瘤的治疗和/或显像最大化,同时使治疗和/或显像的不良作用最小化。特别地,本发明的系统和方法可以形成至少一个如图1所述的双-流体带电射流,其中使用单毛细管以制备具有包埋或包囊的药剂的胶囊。更特别地,本发明提供了以用于生产具有至少一种被包囊和/或被包埋的药剂例如治疗剂、显像剂和其它组分的胶囊和粒子的系统和方法。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,该胶囊可用作多种目的。首先,该胶囊保护包囊的药剂免受生物学攻击并且使它在降解之前达到靶部位。其次,该胶囊可防止药剂的表面相互作用以免诱导不需要的信号通路,并诱发靶细胞内蛋白类或激素类的级联的产生从而限制该药剂的效能。
具有包埋或包囊的药剂的胶囊可用于患者中癌症的治疗或显像。例如,该胶囊可以具有包埋或包囊的治疗剂以治疗恶性癌症例如淋巴瘤、白血病、肉瘤、间皮瘤、神经胶质瘤、生殖细胞瘤和绒毛膜癌。此外,该胶囊可以具有包埋或包囊的显像剂以用于癌症的检测。本发明的胶囊还可具有包埋或包囊的治疗剂和显像剂的组合。
图2是一示意图,其描述了本发明的实施方案,显示了胶囊200的一般结构,该胶囊200具有分离的芯区域202和壳区域204。该核心202可以含有一种或多种药剂例如生物或非生物来源的治疗剂。该壳可由一种或多种生物相容性聚合物制成,并且可以含有一种或多种材料的包埋的区域206,其作用是在所述小泡基本上紧密接近所述的靶部位或者在所述靶部位(该靶部位例如恶性细胞)内时将该壳打开。另外,该胶囊200还可作为用于显像目的的造影剂。非生物或官能基团208可经化学或物理地嫁接到壳204的表面,其可通过受体或表面荷电介导的胞吞作用促进转运到和/或进入所述的靶部位例如恶性细胞。特别是,例如,恶性细胞可以过表达某些受体,并且具有官能基团208(其在恶性细胞的表面选择性结合该过表达的受体)的该胶囊200的表面修饰可以改善胶囊200转运到和/或进入该恶性细胞。
不需要胶囊200是球状的,其它的形态和形状例如长方形、管状和椭圆体也是适合于本发明应用的。另外,胶囊200可以装配成独立的粒子,或者可以装配成一系列相互附着成链状形式的胶囊。特别是,如果胶囊200装配成链状系列,则该胶囊可具有约0.03μm至约30μm的长度。此外,如果长度例如在椭圆体情况下的短轴或者在管状情况下的直径足够小使得能通过该靶部分例如恶性细胞膜,那么在胶囊200具有长方形状、管状或椭圆体形的情况下,它也是有效的。胶囊的直径或短轴可以为约10nm至约1μm。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,例如,该胶囊的结构可以基于壳材料与核心材料的质量比,以及该药剂例如治疗剂、显像剂和其它组分的组成和质量。此外,该分离的核心和壳区域可以是不需要的。一种或多种药剂例如治疗剂或显像剂可以被包埋和/或分散到粒子内,该粒子具有至少一种生物相容性物质例如生物聚合物。该胶囊可包括其它添加物,例如,利用恶性细胞受体生物化学性质的化学官能化表面、分散的粒子,一旦该胶囊基本上紧邻该恶性细胞或者在该恶性细胞内,所述分散的粒子有助于使运送治疗和/或显像剂的胶囊破裂或分离。
根据本发明的实施方案,该胶囊可具有约10nm至约10μm的壳厚度,并且更特别地为约20nm至约150nm。特别是,该胶囊壳具有约20nm的厚度。此外,该胶囊可具有约25nm至约25μm的大小,并且更特别地为约50nm至约500nm。特别是,该胶囊可具有约250nm的大小。
在另一实施方案中,包括至少一种药剂例如治疗剂或显像剂的胶囊可以通过例如胞吞作用、转化作用或转导作用的过程转运到该靶细胞中。一旦该胶囊进入靶细胞,用于治疗的治疗剂的作用可以通过化学应力或外部辐射来诱导。一旦被激活,该治疗剂可诱导该需要的作用例如靶细胞的细胞调亡。该治疗可以是遗传物质例如核苷酸、RNA、DNA、细菌、病毒、蛋白质、核苷酸片段、核苷酸编码的基因产物和非生物学药剂。显像剂的实例可包括磁性粒子、光敏感材料、放射性同位素和造影剂。
本发明的胶囊可具有分散在其中中低毒性磁性纳米粒子以用于该胶囊的外部磁性定位。特别是,该磁性纳米粒子可包括铁磁性材料例如金属铁和某些金属氧化物例如过渡金属氧化物,以及基于稀土的磁性材料。特别是,该磁性纳米粒子可以是磁铁矿例如具有约1nm至约300nm大小,并且特别是约10nm的大小的Fe3O4。除了磁性纳米粒子,其它材料可以分散在该胶囊中例如对光或电场敏感的物质例如金属银或者金,其可用于显像作用。此外,金属银或者金可用于与放射性发射体例如β、γ或α发射体组合以用于显像作用。
关于图3,其说明了本发明的实施方案,显示了上升流EHD系统300以通过使用单毛细管而形成至少一个双-流体带电射流(图1)。此处,系统300可包括含有芯流体的注射泵302、含有壳流体的注射泵304、含有壳流体308的流体槽306、管310、收集盘312、电源314、电极316、芯流体供应管318、壳流体供应管320、管310的开口端322、壳流体324的流体流、锥-射流区域带326和羽状流328。如图3所示,含有芯流体的注射泵302通过供应管318向管310中供应芯流体,该管310从其开口端322递送该芯流体,同时,通过润湿和毛细管力,从围绕管310的流体槽306递送该壳流体308。壳流体的流体流指定为数字324。电极316可放置在多个位置,例如在管310上,在流体槽306、芯流体供应管318或壳流体供应管320中。芯流体的电势和壳流体的电势可以相同。
如下文所述,通过制作一种包括一个以上如管310起作用的管,可以增加过程的处理量。取决于壳流体308和通过管310递送的芯流体的物理和化学性质、管310的开口端322与流体槽306中的壳流体308的表面之间的高度差,可以改变在向上运行的带电流体喷射中的芯流体和壳流体的比率。
此外,在进一步的实施方案中,集电极312可以以许多种方向放置在流体槽306中的壳流体308的表面上方。例如,如果平坦的金属表面用作集电极312,则集电极的表面可以与流体槽306中的壳流体308的表面平行或非-平行的定向,或者可以选择不同类型的集电极结构,例如旋转鼓。
羽状流328可以含有相同电荷的液滴,它们相互排斥,并且因此以不断增加的横断面的面积向集电极312运行。芯流体的电势和壳流体的电势可以相同,原因是它们的紧密电接触。电势和电压是相关联的量。电势可以依赖于形成锥-射流区域例如区域326的点与电极收集盘312之间的间隔。该间隔可以具有约1.5英寸至约15英寸的范围内的距离。此外,所用的电压可以为约0.5kV至约50kV的范围。
转到图4,其说明了本发明的另一实施方案,显示了壳流体408、管310、收集盘312、壳流体流424和提取器414。该提取器414,其是一中间电极,可以被并入以助于双-流体带电射流的形成。提取器414可以有制造在传导体418上的孔口416,并且可以置于离管310的开口端422的短距离处。提取器本体可偏离于管310和收集盘312之间的那些的中间电势。
在另选的实施方案中,带电的两流体喷出的方向不需要向上。类似于通过管或导管的毛细管力润湿,可以实现芯流体的递送以产生双-流体带电流体射流的下降流。在提取器之后的区域可以使带电流体或固体结构经历全部或部分的放电。该构造可以增加流体或固体结构从形成带电弯液面或弯液面的区域到达收集区域的运行时间,原因是更小的电荷降低了迁移性。通过使用气体流可以使全部或部分放电的流体或固体结构转运到收集区域。
润湿用于递送双-流体带电流体射流的芯流体的管或导管的外壁的思路可适用于其它构造。关于图5,其说明了本发明的实施方案,显示了用于递送芯流体的管510、用于递送壳流体的第二管532和壳流体流524。除了流速以外,可以调节电场强度和其它变量因素、管510外壁与管532开口端之间的间距和角度536,以确保充分润湿管510的外壁,形成需要的双-流体带电弯液面以及带电的双-流体射流。加入两个或多个管或导管用作管532以递送壳流体可以被考虑为图5所示系统的自然扩展。通过重力的作用可以加强芯流体和壳流体的流速,即,通过将它们各自的供应贮存器置于高距离处,该高距离处是就带电两流体弯液面形成的区域而言的,其中通过机械或数字泵的作用形成所述的弯液面,或者如果一种流体或两种流体均是磁性的则通过磁场驱动所述的弯液面。一旦角度536和用作管532目的的管或导管的数目取为平常的自由度以生产双-流体带电流体射流,则可以实现图5的许多其它自然扩展。
例如,图6(其说明了本发明的另一实施方案)显示了这种图5中原理的自然扩展。在图6A中,可以使用8个管或导管632来递送壳流体。管632可以是约90度的角度的方向,此时该角度以如图5中对角度536所定义的相同方式定义。管610递送芯流体,其通过芯流体入口644供应,并且在所述的壳流体和芯流体均通过电场梯度向收集区域626或集电极加速时,形成带电的双-流体弯液面,如上文所述。在图6A中,可以使用壳流体入口孔640以首先将该壳流体加料到套642(其包裹管610)中,然后通过管632。所用的管632的数目可以根据例如但不限于以下的因素:壳流体和芯流体的物理和化学性质,以及工艺变量例如但不限于芯流体和壳流体的流速以及电场强度及其空间分布。如图6B所示,管610的开口端与管632的开口端之间的距离,管610和管632的横断面积也可以根据工艺变量以及有关流体的物理和化学性质来确定。管632不需要相互接触。
在另一实施方案中,将递送芯流体的管或导管润湿的思路可以延伸到其它实施的构造中。图7A,其说明了本发明的实施方案,显示了一种构造,其中很多管710的数目可用于从它们的开口端递送芯流体。管710可以被夹在两壁714之间。然后壳流体716可以通过邻近的管710的空间递送(图7B提供了图7A的截面图)。通过所用电场的作用,可以产生带电的、双-流体弯液面和射流。
此外,间隔718和间隔720可以被调节,或者根据例如但不限于以下的工艺变量设计:两有关流体的流速以及电场强度及其空间分布。特别是,填充了更接近的带电弯液面,即,产生的间隔720越小,形成该弯液面所需要的电场越高。除非围绕该带电弯液面的气体环境不是空气,否则可以发生电晕放电,并且这些可折衷过程连续性。因此,本领域技术人员根据这些原理、所述芯流体和壳流体的物理和化学性质的知识以及过程变量将能确定间隔720。例如,如果所述芯流体和壳流体的物理和化学性质以及工艺变量的取值要求间隔720足够长以产生邻近管710之间的壳流体的下滴,流体偏转器或折流板可以并入邻近管710之间,以向管710传输外部流体。间隔718可以通过润湿现象来确定,该润湿现象发现在管710的外壁与壳流体716之间。另外,可以将提取器电极孔口置于离相应的双-流体带电弯液面的短距离处,如上文所述的,并且可以用于促进双-流体带电结构的形成。
关于图8A,其说明了本发明的实施方案,显示递送芯流体的管810的排列可以不同于图7A-7B中所示的排列。如图8A-8B所示,管810可以被夹在圆柱状套812和杆814之间,并且壳流体816可以通过相邻管810之间的空间递送。在图7A-7B和图8A-8B中的递送芯流体的管的数目可以根据需要的操作处理量来确定。同样,递送芯流体的管810的内径可以在约0.05mm至约2.0mm的范围内。管810的直径还可以基于相关流体的性质以及所选的工艺变量例如,但不限于,电场强度及其空间分布和流速。递送芯流体的管810的横断面不需要是圆形的因为其它形状例如,但不限于,椭圆体和多边形可产生带电双-流体弯液面和射流,并且管的开口、横断面不必定向垂直于管的轴。管的开口端可采用其它形式例如,但不限于,圆锥形或倾斜形。
可能希望并列装填多个7A-7B所示的固定装置以增加产物处理量,以获得用壳形成流体来润湿递送芯流体的导管或管的外壁的一般原理的益处。同样,可使用图8A-8B中所示装置的操作原理,以在圆柱状套之间夹入一个以上的递送芯流体的管或导管的环层。图7A-7B和图8A-8B因此是不受限的,正如可用于夹入多个递送芯流体的管的表面不需要是圆柱状或扁平状的,因为具有规则或不规则形状的其它表面可以由本领域技术人员使用。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,通过强制流动和电场的作用来润湿递送流体的管或导管的外壁的思路可以被扩展,以生产多-流体带电弯液面和射流。关于图9,其说明了本发明的实施方案,显示了使用包含用于递送芯流体914和壳流体912的两个共轴管910和916以及用于递送第三流体的第三管或导管916的排列。通过润湿两-管共轴排列的外侧管或导管的外壁,存在产生第三流体的包裹液流的原理的自然扩展。通过实施例,可以以共轴的方式安排两个以上的具有圆柱状横截面的管,以通过强制流动和电场来递送两种以上的流体。因此,如果N是此共轴圆柱状管的数目,则可以通过将N个管的共轴排列的最外侧圆柱状管的外壁润湿以及通过强制流动和电场的作用来递送(N+1)种流体,以形成带电的(N+1)种-流体弯液面和射流或射流。
图10,其说明了本发明再另一实施方案,描述了用壳流体润湿运载芯流体的管或导管的外壁。管1002运载芯流体。管1004将壳流体加料到多孔体1006中。多孔体1006通过将管1002的外壁润湿而递送该壳流体。多孔体1006的体积可以包裹管1002,并在其外壁1008的部分接触管1002。多孔材料1006的选择可通过壳流体的物理和化学性质来要求。作为一项实例,胶乳海绵可构成适宜的材料以处理壳流体,该壳流体包含水和其它溶解或混悬的组分。多孔体1006的类型和多孔体1006的孔径分布可以基于芯流体和壳流体的所需流速以及壳流体的物理和化学性质。多孔材料的实例可包括基于硅酮的聚合物、基于聚酰胺的交联聚合物、基于三聚氰胺-甲醛的聚合物、液状石蜡、聚乙烯醇聚合物和聚(1-丙交酯)酸。
此外,可以应用包括排列多个管或导管1002的装置。递送芯流体的管1002的横断面不必是圆形的,因为其它形状例如,但不限于,椭圆体和多边形可以产生带电双-流体弯液面和射流,并且管的开口、横断面不必定向垂直于管的轴。管的开口端可采用其它形式例如,但不限于,圆锥形或倾斜形。管1002由多-管排列代替,该多-管排列由一个以上的以共轴方式安排的具有圆柱状横截面的管组成,如上文所述的,以通过强制流动和电场来递送两种以上的流体。可以使用将提取器电极孔口放置在离相应的带电流体弯液面短距离处的思路,如上文所述,来扩展图10所述系统,并且促进多-流体带电结构的形成。
转到图11,其说明了本发明的另一实施方案,描述了通过润湿现象递送该壳流体。用于芯流体的贮存器1102可以通过任何机械装置(未显示)的方式旋转,同时部分浸入到壳流体的浴1104中。通过毛细管力的作用以及其它其它物理现象,该壳流体可以润湿具有芯流体的贮存器的外壁1108。在发生壳流体润湿贮存器1102的外壁的区域,孔口1106、突出于贮存器1102的外壁的毛细管或其它导管形状中的至少一项可以制作在贮存器1102外壁1108,以通过壳流体膜递送该芯流体,此时在贮存器1102与收集区域或集电极之间使用一电场。邻近的孔口1106之间的距离,毛细管或导管形状,以及贮存器1102的旋转速度、贮存器1102材料的类型、大小和形状、贮存器1102浸入到浴1104中的深度、孔口1106的数目和大小、毛细管或导管形状可以基于所述芯流体和壳流体的物理和化学性质以及工艺变量例如,但不限于,贮存器1102与收集区域或集电极之间所用的电压。
在一个实施方案中,一旦通过本发明方法形成双-流体带电流体射流,可以将多种流体处理成不同的形状例如,但不限于,中空纤维和胶囊。称为溶胶-凝胶的化学合成方法的族可用于从双-流体带电射流生产此结构。例如,制备具有不同组成的所定义的核心和壳区域的结构的一种方式,要求在从来自双-流体带电弯液面的双-流体带电射流的喷射运行到集电极或收集区域的时间期间,该壳流体经历全部或部分溶剂蒸发。固体壳的前体可剩余在溶液中,直到溶剂的关键部分蒸发到环境中。该芯流体,取决于其是如何通过熟练技术人员配制的,可以在收集区域处收集时产生或不产生固相。
本发明的方法可用于从具有不同化学组成的广泛多样的流体产生具有所定义的核心和壳区域的结构。另外的功能例如,但不限于,磁性质可以通过形成所述流体的化学作用而被加入到该芯流体或壳流体中,或者加入到此二者中。
例如,含有具有溶解的蛋白质的芯流体的胶囊的壳可以制成磁性的,其是通过在处理之前使用本文所述方法将约100nm至约1nm范围的磁性粒子混悬到壳流体前体中。芯流体和壳流体化学作用可以以这样的方式制备,即在进入图3所示液滴包液滴方式之前芯流体和壳流体均不经历固化。一旦使用液滴包液滴的方法,进行壳流体中临界量的溶剂蒸发,并且具有固体壳和流体芯的胶囊被收集中该集电极中。
使用本发明方法可以包囊多种蛋白质、DNA材料、细胞和其它生物来源的物质。特别是,酶类是一类蛋白质,它们可用作生物催化剂,并且可以包囊在流体芯例如但不限于pH缓冲水溶液中,并且该壳可以从具有混悬的磁性粒子的溶胶-凝胶前体形成。一旦混悬在流体介质中,在该壳中的磁铁矿物质部分可以容许该胶囊的磁性转移。含有包囊的酶的胶囊可以混悬中含有反应物和产物的流体中,以用于通过包囊的酶催化的反应。如果该壳设计成具有孔隙大到足以容许反应物和产物扩散通过该孔隙以用于通过包囊的酶催化的反应,但是未大到容许使该酶扩散到该胶囊外,反应达到所需程度之后,可能用磁力的帮助来回收该包囊的酶。
例如,在本发明的一个实施方案中,当受控制时,硅醇盐溶胶-凝胶化学作用可在该胶囊中产生约0.5nm至约2.0nm的孔隙,其可足够容许许多商业上重要的反应物和产物扩散,但是不会容许例如约50kDa至约60kDa转氨酶脱离出溶胶-凝胶衍生的壳。此思路的自然扩展是设计含有除蛋白质例如但不限于DNA、DNA片段、基因和细胞以外的生物来源物质的芯流体制剂。
根据一个实施方案,可以产生与硅醇盐基壳化学作用相容的磁铁矿纳米-粒子制剂,磁铁矿可用具有约2nm至约4nm的硅醇盐层包裹。通过交-联溶胶-凝胶操作,此硅醇盐层使它适于坚固地将该磁铁矿锚定到该壳固相。在该壳中的磁铁矿相的特定质量份为约0.1至约0.8的范围。图12是在所述壳形成的电场和强制流动下形成的带电流体弯液面(其具有添加的磁铁矿粒子)的照片。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,适用于恶性癌症的治疗和/或显像的胶囊可通过使用电喷射法来制备。一般地,该电喷射法可包括将含有包囊物的流体递送通过单一的喷嘴、毛细管、导管或孔口,应用在喷嘴和收集区域(下文为″对应-电极″)之间的电势,针对含有该包囊物的流体形成DC电喷射,将DC电喷射向该对应-电极加速,形成包膜DC电喷射液滴的壳以产生小泡。通过在电喷射法中适宜的壳形成单体与流体组分之间的反应,在该DC电喷射从其递送区域向对应-电极飞行期间可形成该小泡。该壳形成单体和流体组份不会危害该包囊物的完整性和功能。该胶囊可以收集在对应-电极上,并用于贮存供进一步使用。
关于图13A,其说明了本发明的实施方案,提供了本发明电喷射法的示意图。该电喷射法基于电喷射及其周围气相之间的化学反应的组合。在图13A中,描述了电喷射法喷嘴1302和云雾1304。此外,显示了入口1306和出口1308、对应-电极1310、壳-形成反应区1312和高-电压DC源1314。入口1306可以用含有壳形成单体的气体填充该壳-形成区域或者空腔。本发明的电喷射法提供了简单的和可规模放大的单一-流体电喷射法,从而完全避免使用多重的共轴毛细管喷嘴。由于电喷射法可以以低雷诺数即在低剪切条件下生产,本发明的电喷射法生产了真正的核心-壳胶囊,而无乳化-聚合法的低产率和高剪切过程损失。此外,该方法还使产生比AC单一-流体电喷射法所产生的胶囊更小的胶囊。
在一个实施方案中,该电喷射法可以在空间上递送到这样的区域,在该区域中气体环境具有适当浓缩的壳形成单体。如图13A中所示,电喷射法可以是连续的或者半连续的,这取决于含有流体的电喷射包囊物的供应、含有单体的气体的供应和包囊物物质的除去是否全部是连续制备。由于包裹的流体芯不能通过向外部扩散以递送与反应性单体反应的组分,不确定地形成壳,在达到某一壳厚度以后壳形成过程应终止,所以该小泡的壳厚度可以通过抑制许多例如但不限于以下的过程变量而受到控制:单体浓度、在电喷射法中反应性物类的浓度、温度、电喷射的飞行时间、电压、电喷射平均液滴大小以及单体和电喷射化学性质。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,含有包囊物的电喷射可以通过含有壳形成单体的溶液,而不是含有所述单体的气体。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的电喷射法可以是不连续的,并且荷电混悬物在含有单体的气体空间中喷射的时间可以通过在所述壳-形成反应容积内使用高电压AC电势而延长,如图13B所示。关于图13B,显示了AC电极1316和AC电源1318。如图13A中所示,含有包囊物的流体或溶液首先制成电喷射云雾,但是在电喷射操作的某些时间点期间,切断DC高电压和含有流体或溶液的包囊物的流体流,同时打开AC电压。然后可以使荷电的液滴在两个AC电极1316之间振荡运动,并且设置AC场的频率以便防止电荷液滴撞击一个AC电极1316。在经过所需量的时间以后,关闭AC高电源1318同时再打开DC电压,从而在DC对应-电极1310中收集小泡。通过延长时间,电喷射保持混悬在形成小泡的壳的区域中,该反应可以受控制,并且可以达到比用图13A所示装置更大范围的壳形成时间。用含有壳形成单体或单体的绝缘流体或溶液浴,图13B所示小泡产生方案的自然扩展可以代替在壳形成空腔中的气体环境。
在本发明另选的实施方案中,可以以溶液或乳液的形式使用单一流体带电射流,以产生具有至少一种被包埋的药剂的胶囊。如本文使用的,乳液通常是指一种单一流体,其可用于上述EHD方法产生述粒子而非胶囊,其中使用了如下文所述胶囊的相同浓度范围的治疗性组分和其它组分,以及相同的平均粒度。此外,磁性纳米粒子也可以分散在该粒子中。
例如,含有至少一种药剂例如治疗剂和/或显像剂以及稳定盐和聚电解质的水性乳化相可以被分散在含有至少一种生物聚合物的有机溶液中。所得乳液包括双相介质,其在带电射流形成中不形成分离的层。可以以与上文所述胶囊的情况下的芯流体一样的方式配制水相,并且含有生物聚合物或生物聚合物的有机相也可包括如上文所述配制胶囊的壳流体的方法所配制的磁性纳米粒子和/或光电粒子。或者,使用某些共溶剂例如但不限于二甲基亚砜,单一流体带电射流制剂导致生成包含生物聚合物基质前体或前体以及活性组分和受体的均一流体混合物或溶液。单一带电流体射流方法可导致成包埋的而非包囊的活化剂。
根据一个实施方案,例如,壳形成单体可包括氰基丙烯酸酯家族中的化合物,例如烷基取代的氰基丙烯酸酯。此外,在电喷射向对应-电极的飞行时间期间,含有该包囊物的制剂可以是容易与氰基丙烯酸酯单体反应得到壳的皮的化合物,而没有在化学上改变该包囊物的预期功能。特别是,该包囊物可以含有水。该包囊物可以是生物来源的,例如核苷酸、DNA、其DNA片段、RNA、其RNA片段、蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物及其组合和/或它们的任何修饰体。另外,该包囊物可包括如下文所述的非生物学治疗药物。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,适用于生产EHD-衍生的胶囊的壳的生物聚合物非限制性地包括PLA、PLGA、壳聚糖,甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,以及其它生物可吸收的聚合物例如PCL、淀粉和得自其任意组合的共聚物。此外,也可将PEG以聚合物链或共聚物片段引入到一种或多种其它的生物聚合物中,或者用例如以下的基团官能团化:硫代、羧酸和胺基团。另外,在电喷射之前,可以将其它组成掺入到该壳流体中,例如具有约1nm至约300nm大小范围的纳米大小的磁铁矿粒子以及表面活性剂,以产生磁性敏感的MRI材料。此外,在电喷射之前,可以将具有约1nm至约50nm大小范围的纳米大小的光电敏感银、金、钯或其组合加入到所述的壳前体流体中,以产生光电敏感材料。
根据另一实施方案,适用于本发明方法的芯流体可包括具有缓冲盐和聚电解质例如磷酸盐缓冲剂以使生物来源的治疗剂的溶液结构稳定的水相,一种或多种治疗剂例如,但不限于,肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)蛋白或TNF-α、用于TNF-α或Egr-TNF的编码cDNA,一种或多种能够诱导Egr-TNF的作用的物质例如,但不限于,替莫唑胺或TMZ,以及化学治疗剂例如,但不限于,吖啶基茴香胺(acridinyl anisidie)、别嘌醇、六甲蜜胺、氨鲁米特、雄激素、三氧化二砷、天门冬酰胺酶(asparaginase)、阿扎胞苷、血管生成抑制剂、博来霉素、硼替佐米、白消安、卡培他滨、卡铂、卡莫司汀、西妥昔单抗、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、克拉屈滨、环磷酰胺、达卡巴嗪、放线菌素D、柔红霉素、己烯雌酚、多西他赛、多柔比星、表柔比星、雌莫司汀、依他硝唑、依托泊苷、氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷、氟达拉滨、5-氟尿嘧啶、fluosol DA、呋氟尿嘧啶、氟维司群、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥珠单抗、奥佐米星、羟基脲、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、干扰素α、白细胞介素-2、伊立替康、左旋咪唑、洛莫司汀、氮芥、美法仑、美诺立尔、甲氨蝶呤、甲基-CCNU、丝裂霉素、米托蒽醌、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、培美曲塞、喷司他丁、光辉霉素、丙卡巴肼、雷替曲塞、链佐星、呋氟尿嘧啶、替莫唑胺、替尼泊苷、沙利度胺、硫鸟嘌呤、塞替派、托泊替康、托西莫单抗、三甲曲沙、伐司朴达、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、它们的组合和它们的功能等价物。
此外,本发明的胶囊或粒子可以含有化学治疗增强药例如但不限于克西君,以及化学治疗保护药例如但不限于氨磷汀。某些放射活性元素可适用于癌症的治疗和/或显像,并且在本发明的一项实施方案中,放射活性元素可被掺入到电喷射法产生的粒子中。例如,镭-223的锕-227同位素母体是所谓的α发射体,其用于治疗来自乳腺癌和前列腺癌的在骨骼中的转移,并用于放射免疫疗法;铜-67,一种γ和β发射体用于癌症放射免疫疗法以及淋巴瘤和结肠癌及乳腺癌诊断;碘-131,可用于治疗乳腺癌、白血病和淋巴瘤(使用放射免疫疗法)、甲状腺功能和疾病(例如癌症)研究以及良性甲状腺疾病(例如甲状腺功能亢进);碘-125,可用作植入剂用于乳肿瘤和前列腺肿瘤、放射性标记、前列腺癌近程放射治疗、骨质疏松症检测、示踪药物、显像诊断剂、脑受体绘图、脑癌治疗、组织内射线治疗、测定血浆容积和肾小球滤过率、深部静脉血栓形成检测;铼-186,用于通过放射免疫疗法治疗和诊断乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌和淋巴瘤,类风湿性关节炎治疗,和骨癌疼痛缓解;以及钇-91,其用于钇-90的γ-放射示踪,其依次用于乳腺癌放射免疫疗法以及淋巴瘤、肾癌、结肠癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、胰癌和肝癌放射免疫疗法。
在进一步的实施方案中,放射性同位素可以被掺入到本发明胶囊中,并且它们在医学和相关领域中最常见的用途是:镉-109用于一般癌检测;锕-225和钍-229,后者是锕-225的母体和铋-213的祖父体,它们是用于癌症放射免疫疗法的α发射体;铋-212和钍-228,后者是铋-212母体,其是用于癌症放射免疫疗法的α发射体;钴-60,其是癌症放射治疗的放射源,用于食品和医学材料供应的辐照;铜-64,一种用于癌症治疗的阳离子发射体;镝-166,用于癌症放射免疫疗法;铒-169用于小关节类风湿性关节炎治疗;铕-152和铕-154,用作医学材料供应和食品辐照的放射源;钆-153,用于骨质疏松症评价;金-198,用于前列腺癌和脑癌,以及用于卵巢癌的植埋和腔内治疗;钬-166,用于靶向骨骼治疗中的骨髓瘤治疗、骨髓的切除、癌症的放射免疫疗法和类风湿性关节炎治疗;铱-192,用于脊髓和脑瘤治疗、近程放射治疗和阻断的血管的治疗;镥-177,用于阻断的血管的治疗和癌症放射免疫疗法;钼-99,其是锝-99m的母体,其依次用于肝、脑、肺和心显像,以及深部静脉血栓形成检测;锇-194,用于癌症放射免疫疗法;钯-103,用于前列腺癌治疗;铂-195m,用于顺铂的代谢和生物分布研究;磷-32,用于白血病和真性红细胞增多症(血细胞疾病)治疗,骨癌治疗和诊断,胰癌、结肠癌和肝癌的治疗,阻断的血管的治疗和腔内治疗,以及表面肿瘤的诊断;磷-33,用于白血病治疗,骨疾病的治疗和诊断,阻断的血管的治疗,和放射性标记;铼-188用于放射免疫疗法、类风湿性关节炎的治疗、骨癌疼痛缓解和前列腺癌治疗;铑-105,用于癌症放射免疫疗法;钐-145,用于眼癌的治疗;钐-153,用于癌症放射免疫疗法和骨癌疼痛缓解;钪-47,用于骨癌疼痛缓解和癌症放射免疫疗法;硒-75,用于机能亢进性甲状旁腺的检测、在脑评价中作为放射性示踪剂、通过γ闪烁显像对肾上腺皮质显像、甾体化合物产生的肿瘤的检测和胰脏扫描;锶-85,用于脑扫描和骨癌检测;锶-89用于多发性骨髓瘤的治疗和骨癌疼痛缓解;铥-170,用作医学装置植入剂的能源,并用作血液辐照器的γ源;锡-117m,用于骨癌疼痛缓解和癌症免疫治疗;钨-188,其是铼-188的母体,其依次用于癌症治疗和诊断、类风湿性关节炎治疗和阻断的血管的治疗以及骨癌疼痛缓解;氙-127,用于肺功能评价、脑障碍显像和脑血流分析;镱-175,用于癌症放射免疫疗法;以及钇-90,其是从钇-89获得的,并且用于肝癌治疗。金属和非金属纳米粒子例如Ga和B(它们用于中子激活治疗)可以与治疗剂共同包囊。本发明的胶囊或粒子可任选含有化学治疗增强药例如但不限于克西君,以及化学治疗保护药例如但不限于氨磷汀。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的胶囊可包括至少一种表面生物化学物质,其可化学或物理性地附着以增强该胶囊对神经胶质瘤细胞的亲和力,其可包括表皮生长因子或EGF。表皮生长因子可在EHD处理之后或者在EHD处理期间作为壳流体前体的一部分掺入该胶囊的表面。特别是,由本发明方法制备的胶囊和粒子中的EGF的含量范围可以在约0至约0.02wt%的范围内。此外,其它表面生物化学物质和化学物质可包括白细胞介素-13、白细胞介素-4、外周型苯并二氮血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生的生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、尿激酶型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂、叶酸和叶酸衍生物、神经营养因子生长因子、生长抑素、cBSA、cHSA、鱼精蛋白、胰岛素、ApoE衍生的肽、聚山梨酯-80、OX-26、传递剂(transferring)、葡萄糖、甘露糖、RMP-7、硫胺、它们的组合及其功能等价物。表面生物化学物质可以是人、动物或重组来源的,并且对于非雌激素基表面生物化学物质而言,其具有约0至约1wt%的含量范围。
在进一步的实施方案中,该胶囊可包括至少一种表面生物化学物质,其可化学或物理性地附着以增强该胶囊对淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤和白血病的亲和力,例如VEGR-2,托西莫单抗,其为一种结合CD20受体的单克隆抗体,和其它抗体和单克隆抗体特别是指定为其它分化抗原簇的那些,例如但不限于,CD5、CD7、CD13、CD19、CD22、CD33、CD52和CD61,以及抗髓过氧化物酶,它们的任意组合,及其功能等价物。这些生物化学物质及其衍生物可以在EHD处理之后或者在EHD处理期间作为壳流体前体的一部分掺入该胶囊的表面。在该胶囊中的表面受体的含量范围为约0.0至约1.0wt%的范围内。可掺入到该胶囊中的其它生物化学物质和化学物质可包括酪氨酸激酶受体,包括成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR-1),EGF,TGF,VEGF-A,尿激酶受体,白细胞介素4受体,视黄酸受体,肝素结合性EGF样生长因子或HB-EGF,双调蛋白,表皮调节素(epiregulin),神经调节蛋白,人表皮生长因子2(HER-2)和家族成员,erbB2和erbB1受体家族,白细胞介素-13和家族衍生物,血小板衍生的生长因子,尿激酶-型纤溶酶原(plasminon)激活剂,叶酸和叶酸衍生物,神经营养因子生长因子,生长抑素,它们的组合,及其功能等价物。表面生物化学物质可以是人、动物或重组来源的,并且存在约0.0至约1.0wt%的含量范围内。
在再进一步的实施方案中,该胶囊可包括至少一种表面生物化学物质,其可化学或物理性地附着以增强该胶囊对乳腺癌的亲和力,例如雌激素。雌激素及其化学衍生物可以在EHD处理之后或者在EHD处理期间作为壳流体前体的一部分掺入该胶囊的表面。在该胶囊和粒子中的雌激素或其衍生物的含量范围为约0.02至约0.4wt%。可掺入到该胶囊和粒子的表面中的其它表面生物化学物质和化学物质可包括人表皮生长因子2(HER-2)和家族成员,erbB2和erbB1受体家族,白细胞介素-13和家族衍生物,血管内皮生长因子,血小板衍生的生长因子,成纤维细胞生长因子,尿激酶-型纤溶酶原激活剂,叶酸和叶酸衍生物,神经营养因子生长因子,生长抑素,它们的组合,及其功能等价物。表面生物化学物质可以是人、动物或重组来源的,并且可以在约0.0至约1wt%的含量范围。
在另一实施方案中,该胶囊可包括表面生物化学物质,其可化学或物理性地附着以增强该胶囊对胰腺癌细胞的亲和力,可以是酪氨酸激酶受体,包括成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR-1),EGF,TGF,VEGF-A,尿激酶受体,白细胞介素4受体,视黄酸受体,肝素结合性EGF样生长因子,或HB-EGF,双调蛋白,表皮调节素,神经调节蛋白,及其功能等价物。这些生物化学物质及其衍生物可以在EHD处理之后或者在EHD处理期间作为壳流体前体的一部分掺入该胶囊的表面。在该胶囊和粒子中的这些表面受体的含量范围为约0.0至约1.0wt%的范围内。可掺入到该胶囊和粒子的表面中的其它表面生物化学物质和化学物质可包括人表皮生长因子2(HER-2)和家族成员,erbB2和erbB 1受体家族,白细胞介素-13和家族衍生物,血小板衍生的生长因子,尿激酶-型纤溶酶原激活剂,叶酸和叶酸衍生物,神经营养因子生长因子,生长抑素,它们的组合,及其功能等价物。表面生物化学物质可以是人、动物或重组来源的,并且可以在约0.0至约1wt%的含量范围内。
此外,对于所述胶囊和粒子的其它表面生物化学物质和化学物质可以被融合到信号序列、线粒体、核、肌动蛋白和微管蛋白、高尔基体、质膜、过氧化物酶体中,并且可以在约0.0至约1.0wt%的含量范围内。
例如,根据本发明的一个实施方案,在该胶囊或粒子中的紫杉醇的浓度可以在约10至约3200μg/mL的范围内。特别是,在该胶囊或粒子中的TNF-α蛋白的浓度可以在约100μg/mL至约1,000μg/mL的范围内。更特别地是,在该胶囊或粒子中的Egr-TNF的浓度可以在约10μg/mL至约300μg/mL的范围内。用含有三组分紫杉醇、TNFa和Egr-TNF组中的一种或两种化合物的胶囊也可以实现治疗效果。治疗组分和其它胶囊组分的质量比率的狭窄范围、胶囊平均大小、平均壳厚度和狭窄的核心比壳平均质量比可根据恶性肿瘤的位置和大小来选择,并且使用掺杂的磁性纳米粒子以助于将所述胶囊引导到恶性肿瘤可能是不需要的。例如直接肿瘤注射,可以用于代替磁性辅助装置,并且通过本发明的方法使有害的电磁辐照与所述粒子或胶囊相接触可以用于触发该粒子的裂解并伴随治疗剂的释放,以引发生物化学过程例如但不限于恶性细胞DNA损伤,或者所述电磁辐照所诱导的过程的组合。也可以作为标记物使用的是含有pCMV-Luc+的DNA标记物含有pcDNA3的细胞巨化病毒(CMV)启动子的质粒,所述的pcDNA3向上游插入到pGL2-基载体质粒的萤火虫萤光素酶和TK海肾(renilla)萤光素酶。
在另选的实施方案中,加强对流递送或CED可用于代替磁性辅助递送,并且有害的电磁辐照与本发明方法制备的粒子或胶囊相接触可以用于触发该胶囊或粒子的裂解并伴随治疗剂的释放,以引发生物化学过程例如但不限于恶性细胞DNA损伤,或者所述电磁辐照所诱导的过程的组合。
适合于包囊或包埋在本发明的胶囊中的药剂不应解释为限于适合于癌症治疗或恶性肿瘤显像的药剂,如上文所述。然而,可适合于包埋或包囊的可替代药剂可包括抗炎化合物、抗过敏剂、糖皮质激素类、抗感染剂、抗生素、抗真菌剂、抗病毒剂、粘液溶解药、防腐剂、血管收缩剂、创伤愈合剂、局部麻醉剂、肽类和蛋白质。
可能有用的抗炎化合物的实例是糖皮质激素类和非甾体抗炎剂例如倍他米松,倍氯米松,布地奈德,环索奈德,地塞米松,去氧米松,氟西奈德(fluoconolone acetonide),醋酸氟轻松(flucinonide),氟尼缩松,氟替卡松,艾可米松(icomethasone),罗氟奈德,曲安奈德,氟考丁酯,氢化可的松,羟基可的松-17-丁酸酯,泼尼卡酯,6-甲泼尼龙醋丙酯,莫米松糠酸酯,elastane-、前列腺素-、白三烯-、缓激肽-拮抗药;非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)例如布洛芬、吲哚美辛,包括包含各自活性部分的活性化合物的任何药学可接受的盐、酯、异构体、立体异构体、非对映异构体、差向异构体、溶剂合物或其它水合物、前药、衍生物或任何其它化学或物理形式。
可能有用的抗过敏剂的实例包括前述的糖皮质激素类,以及奈多罗米、西替利嗪、氯雷他定、孟鲁司特、罗氟司特、齐留通、奥马珠单抗、肝素和肝素类似物以及其它抗组胺药、氮卓斯汀、西替利嗪、地氯雷他定、依巴斯汀、非索非那定、左西替利嗪、氯雷他定。
抗感染剂,它们的类别或治疗分类在本文中应理解为包括有效对抗细胞、真菌和病毒感染的化合物,即包括抗微生物剂、抗生素、抗真菌剂、防腐剂和抗病毒剂,该抗感染剂是青霉素类其包括苄青霉素类(青霉素-G-钠、clemizone青霉素、苄星青霉素G),苯氧基青霉素类(青霉素V、丙匹西林),氨苄青霉素类(氨苄西林、阿莫西林、巴氨西林),酰氨基青霉素类(阿洛西林、美洛西林、哌拉西林、阿帕西林),羧基青霉素类(羧苄西林、替卡西林、替莫西林),异噁唑青霉素类(苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林),和脒(amiidine)青霉素类(美西林);头孢菌素类其包括头孢唑啉类(头孢唑林、头孢西酮);头孢呋辛类(cerufoxim、cefamdole、头孢替安),头孢西丁类(头孢西丁、头孢替坦、拉氧头孢、氟氧头孢),头孢噻肟类(头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢唑肟、头孢甲肟),头孢他啶类(头孢他啶、头孢匹罗、头孢吡肟),头孢氨苄类(头孢氨苄、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢拉定、氯碳头孢、头孢丙烯),和头孢克肟类(头孢克肟、头孢呋辛匹酯(proxetile)、头孢呋辛醋氧乙酯、头孢他米新戊酰氧甲酰、头孢替安己酯),氯碳头孢,头孢吡肟,克拉维酸/阿莫西林,头孢比罗;增效剂,其包括β内酰胺酶抑制剂例如克拉维酸、舒巴坦和三唑巴坦;碳青霉烯类,其包括亚胺培南、亚胺培南、美罗培南、多利培南、替比培南、厄他培南、利替培南和比阿培南;单酰胺菌素类,其包括氨曲南;氨基糖甙类例如安普霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、异帕米星、阿贝卡星、妥布霉素、奈替米星、大观霉素、链霉素、卷曲霉素、新霉素、巴龙霉素(paromoycin)和卡那霉素;大环内酯类,其包括红霉素、克拉霉素(clarythromycin)、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、地红霉素(dithromycin)、交沙霉素、螺旋霉素和泰利霉素;旋转酶抑制剂或氟喹诺酮类(fluroquinolones),其包括环丙沙星、加替沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、甲氟哌酸、洛美沙星、氟罗沙星、加诺沙星、克林沙星、西他沙星、普卢利沙星、奥拉沙星、卡德沙星、吉米沙星、巴洛沙星、曲伐沙星和莫西沙星;四环素类,其包括四环素、土霉素、罗利环素、米诺环素、多西环素、替吉环素和氨基环素;糖肽类,其包括万古霉素、替考拉宁、利托菌素、阿伏帕星、奥利万星、雷莫拉宁和肽4;多肽类,其包括plectasin、达巴万星、达托霉素、奥利万星、雷莫拉宁、达巴万星、替拉凡星、杆菌肽、短杆菌素、新霉素、卡那霉素、莫匹罗星、巴龙霉素、多粘菌素B和粘菌素;磺胺类其包括磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺林、复方新诺明、co-trimetrol、co-trimoxazine和co-tetraxazine;唑类其包括克霉唑、奥昔康唑、咪康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、甲硝唑、替硝唑、联苯苄唑、雷夫康唑、泊沙康唑、伏立康唑和奥硝唑,以及其它抗真菌剂其包括氟胞嘧啶、灰黄霉素、托萘酯、萘替芬、特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、环吡司胺,棘球白素类例如米卡风芬净、卡泊芬净、阿尼芬净;硝基呋喃类其包括呋喃妥因和呋喃西林;-多烯类,其包括两性霉素B、那他霉素、制霉菌素、flucocytosine;其它抗生素其包括tithromycin、林可霉素、克林霉素、唑烷酮类(linzezolids)、ranbezolid、链阳性菌素eA+B、普那霉素aA+B、维吉霉素A+B、达福普汀/奎奴普丁(共杀素)、氯霉素、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺、特立齐酮、氨苯砜、丙硫异烟胺、磷霉素、fucidinicacid、利福平、异烟肼、环丝氨酸、特立齐酮、安沙霉素、溶葡萄球菌素、艾拉普林、mirocin B 17、clerocidin、非格司亭和喷他脒;抗病毒类其包括阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、birivudin、伐昔洛韦、齐多夫定、双脱氧腺苷、thiacytidin、司他夫定、拉米夫定、扎西他滨、利巴韦林、奈韦拉平(nevirapirin)、地拉韦啶(delaviridin)、曲氟尿苷、利托那韦、沙奎那韦、茚地那韦、膦甲酸、金刚烷胺、鬼臼毒素、阿糖腺苷、曲金刚胺和蛋白酶抑制剂类;植物提取物或组分,例如来自以下的植物提取物:甘菊、北美金缕梅、紫锥花属、金盏草、番木瓜、天竺葵属,精油、桃金娘油、蒎烯(pinen)、柠檬、桉油素、麝香草酚、薄荷脑、tee树油、α-常春藤甙、甜没药醇、石松碱、vitapherole;创伤愈合其包括右泛醇、尿囊素、维生素类、透明质酸、α-抗胰蛋白酶、无机和有机锌盐/化合物、干扰素类(α、β、γ)、肿瘤坏死因子、细胞活素类、白细胞介素类。
可能有用的粘液溶解药的实例是DNase、P2Y2-激动药(denufosol)、肝素类似物、愈创木酚甘油醚、乙酰半胱氨酸、羧甲司坦、氨溴索、溴己新、卵磷脂、桃金娘油和重组表面活性蛋白质。
可能有用的局部麻醉剂的实例包括苯佐卡因、丁卡因、普鲁卡因、利多卡因和布比卡因。
可能有用的抗过敏剂的实例包括前述糖皮质激素类,奈多罗米。可能有用的肽类和蛋白质类的实例包括由微生物产生的抗体激动剂毒素类,抗微生物肽例如蛾血素、防御素、硫素和组织蛋白酶抑制素。
而且,免疫调节剂其包括甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤、环孢素A、他克莫司、西罗莫司、雷帕霉素、霉酚酸酯(mycofenolate)、吗乙)、cytotatics和转移抑制剂,烷化剂类例如尼莫司汀、美法仑(melphanlane)、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphosphamide)、异环磷酰胺、曲磷胺、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安(busulfane)、曲奥舒凡(treosulfane)、泼尼莫司汀、塞替派;抗代谢物例如阿糖胞苷、氟尿嘧啶、甲氨蝶呤、巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;生物碱类例如长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛;抗生素例如alcarubicine、平阳霉素、放线菌素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素、普卡霉素;第二族元素(例如Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Ta、Mo、W、Pt)络合物例如卡铂、顺铂和茂金属化合物例如titanocendichloride;安吖啶、达卡巴嗪、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、贝前列素、羟基脲、米托蒽醌(mitoxanthrone)、丙卡巴肼、替尼泊苷(temiposide);紫杉醇、易瑞沙、zactima、聚-ADP-核糖-聚合酶(PRAP)酶抑制剂、巴诺蒽醌、吉西他滨、培美曲塞、贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗可适用于包埋或包囊在本发明的胶囊中。
在进一步的实施方案中,其它化合物可包括蛋白酶抑制剂例如a-抗-胰蛋白酶;抗氧化剂例如生育酚类,谷胱甘肽;垂体激素,下丘脑激素,调节肽和其它抑制剂,促皮质素,替可克肽,绒促性素,尿促性素,尿促性腺激素,saomatotropine,甲麦角林,去氨加压素,催产素,精氨加压素,鸟氨加压素,亮丙瑞林,曲普瑞林,戈那瑞林,布舍瑞林,那法瑞林,戈舍瑞林,甲状旁腺激素,钙代谢调节剂,双氢速甾醇,降钙素,氯膦酸,依替膦酸;甲状腺治疗剂;性激素及其抑制剂,蛋白同化剂,雄激素,雌激素,孕酮,抗雌激素剂;抗偏头痛药例如丙羟巴比、麦角乙脲、美西麦角、双氢麦角胺、麦角胺、可乐定、苯噻啶(pizotifene);安眠药,镇静药,苯并二氮杂卓类,巴比妥类,环吡咯酮类,咪唑并吡啶类,抗癫痫药,唑吡坦,巴比妥类,苯妥英,扑米酮,甲琥胺,乙琥胺,舒噻美,卡马西平,丙戊酸,氨己烯酸,抗震颤麻痹药例如左旋多巴、卡比多巴、苄丝肼、司来吉兰、溴隐亭、金刚烷胺、硫必利;止吐药例如硫乙拉嗪、溴必利、多潘立酮、格拉司琼、昂丹司琼、托烷司琼、吡哆辛;镇痛药例如丁丙诺啡、芬太尼、吗啡、可待因、氢吗啡酮、美沙酮、芬哌酰胺、芬太尼、哌腈米特、喷他佐辛、丁丙诺啡、纳布啡、替利定;麻醉用药例如N-甲基化巴比妥类,硫巴比妥类,氯胺酮,依托咪酯,丙泊酚,苯并二氮杂卓类,氟哌利多,氟哌啶醇,阿芬太尼(alfentanyl),舒芬太尼;抗风湿病药包括肿瘤坏死因子-α,非甾体抗炎药;抗糖尿病药例如胰岛素,磺酰脲衍生物,双胍类,glitizols,高血糖素,二氮嗪;细胞活素类例如白细胞介素,干扰素,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),集落刺激因子(GM-CSF、G-CSF、M-CSF);蛋白质类例如促红细胞生成素,以及肽类例如甲状旁腺激素、生长调节素C;肝素,肝素类似物,尿激酶,链激酶,ATP-酶,前列环素,性兴奋药,或遗传物质。
上文所给的描述和实例仅仅是说明性的,并不表示本发明所有可能的实施方案、应用或修饰的穷举。因此,本发明所描述的方法和系统的各种修饰和变体对于本领域技术人员而言将是明显的,而不会脱离本发明的范围和精神。尽管本发明结合具体实施例进行了描述,应当理解,所要求的本发明不应过分地局限于此类具体实施方式。事实上,用于执行本发明的所描述的方式的多种修饰对于材料科学、聚合物科学或相关领域的技术人员而言是明显的,这些修饰将落入所附权利要求的范围内。
上文引述的全部参考文献和出版物的公开以其全部内容通过引用清楚地并入到相同范围,如同各自通过引用并入。
实施例
具体实施例1:
本实施例描述了使用壳制剂的改进制剂包囊蛋白质溶液,该壳制剂由牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的溶液组成,其中存在盐例如磷酸盐以稳定溶液的pH值。共焦荧光显微法(CFM)和具有荧光标记的BSA被用于对胶囊显像。将约2mg荧光蛋白质溶解于约1mL的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,其是稳定此水溶液酸-碱性质至pH等于约7.4的典型缓冲剂。
将最终BSA浓度调节至约3μM。使用硅溶胶作为壳流体前体,在此之前进行该溶胶老化程序,添加叔戊醇至50∶50体积比。
一般地,为了溶液老化目的,在约80℃下将酸化的在乙醇中的四乙基原硅酸酯溶液老化约4至约6小时。加入叔戊醇以增加壳流体的疏水性,其进一步防止在芯流体和壳流体之间的任何明显混合。
将核心流速和壳流速分别调节至约0.025和约0.75毫升/小时。对于胶囊设计的足够的电压在约11至约12kV的范围内,双-流体带电弯液面与收集区域之间的距离在约4至约14cm的范围内。收集区域或集电极是一个保持在接地电势的扁平金属表面,而两流体带电弯液面保持在约5至约18kV范围内的正电偏压。图14显示了用CFM技术帮助获得的照片,当仪器聚焦以在胶囊的芯流体区域产生荧光信号时,其中BSA的限制是明显的。关于图14,图片I显示了未聚焦的荧光信号,而图片II显示了聚焦的荧光信号。
具体实施例2:
对在具体实施例1用于包囊发荧光的BSA的溶胶-凝胶方法和工艺变量稍微作修改以包囊转氨酶。此酶用于催化以下反应:
D,L谷氨酰胺+乙醛酸→L-谷氨酰胺(留下未反应的)+α-酮衍生物(来自D-谷氨酰胺)+甘氨酸
每一对映体形式具有旋转偏振光的能力,称为旋光分析的技术可用于跟踪包括对映体的作为时间函数的化学反应。上文所示反应的左侧的反应物基本上是一种不具光学活性的混合物,因为D,L前缀表示谷氨酰胺D和L对映体的约50∶50的混合物。上文所示反应的右侧的产物在未反应L-谷氨酰胺中变得富集,并伴有时间依赖性旋光度信号,通过旋光分析可以示踪该旋光度信号,因为该特殊的转氨酶仅催化与D对映体相关的反应。用PBS将反应缓冲到约7.5的pH值。
由于在纯水中谷氨酰胺异构体的旋光度低,设计试验性方案,以在不同反应时间旋光分析定量之前中止反应,并增加分析技术的灵敏度。这是通过将约1.0mL的37wt%HCl添加到从反应器中取出的等分部分中来实现的,该HCl使酶变性。酶催化剂下沉到瓶的底部,或者通过离心除去;与几乎呈中性的溶液中观测到的结果相比,酸化使旋光分析技术的灵敏度增加了约1/2数量级。
使用约50mM浓度的底物以及约0.5mg/mL的酶浓度进行生物催化测试。图15显示了通过以前测定的标准曲线,一旦旋光度转化为对等的D-(或L-)谷氨酰胺浓度时,此转氨酶在包囊状态下以及游离于溶液中时的活性的实施例。
具体实施例3:具有3.1 LACZ作为DNA标记的粒子
通过将3.1 LACZ混合在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷缓冲水溶液中来制备治疗剂溶液,所述缓冲水溶液含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2。3.1 LACZ的终浓度为700μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。将此溶液掺入具有平均直径约15nm的磁铁矿粒子的溶液。在此溶液中PEG-b-PLA、PCSH和磁铁矿粒子的重量百分比含量分别为约0.071wt%、约0.058wt%和约0.004wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合,加入二甲基亚砜或DMSO以形成均匀的溶液。制备产生具有平均直径在约0.250至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过改变工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的流速为约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7kV。
具体实施例4:PDs红2NUC的包囊
此实施例中的复合物是通过图5所示双射流系统形成的。首先通过将PDs红2NUC与约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备芯流体溶液。PDs红2NUC在芯流体溶液中的终浓度为约22.5μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同的命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。在该壳流体溶液中的PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.29wt%和约0.31wt%。
制备了具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的PDs红2NUC荷载的胶囊可以通过此方法通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例5:绿色荧光蛋白质的包囊
芯流体溶液是通过将绿色荧光蛋白质质或GFP和约10mMBis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备的。在芯流体溶液中GFP的终浓度为约30μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.32wt%和约0.31wt%。
制备产生具有平均直径在约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约20%范围荷载GFP的胶囊是通过此方法通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备的。
具体实施例6:含有具有叶酸官能团的多柔比星的粒子
该治疗剂溶液是通过将盐酸多柔比星或DOXO溶解在二氯甲烷中来制备的。在该治疗剂溶液中DOXO的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)叶酸功能化聚(乙二醇)或叶酸-PEG,分子量为5,000Da,和(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。叶酸-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径在约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速在约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的DOXO荷载的粒子可以通过此方法通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例7:多柔比星的包囊
通过将盐酸多柔比星或DOXO混合在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中来制备芯流体溶液。在芯流体溶液中的DOXO的终浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.3wt%和约0.3wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为0.050和0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为8.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约23%范围内的DOXO荷载的胶囊可以通过此方法通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例8:钴纳米粒子的包囊
芯流体溶液是通过将钴纳米粒子或NP-Co的水溶液和10mMBis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备的。在芯流体溶液中的NP-Co的终浓度在约1,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%至约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别在约0.050至约0.150毫升/小时的范围内,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的纳米粒子(Np)-Co荷载的胶囊可以通过此方法通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例9:包含具有EGF官能团的多柔比星的粒子
通过将盐酸多柔比星或DOXO溶解在二氯甲烷中来制备治疗剂溶液。在该治疗剂溶液中DOXO的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)EGF-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGF-PEG,分子量为5,000Da,和(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。EGF-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速在约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的DOXO荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例10:萤光素酶作为DNA标记的粒子
治疗剂溶液是通过将萤光素酶混合到10mM Bis-Tris丙烷缓冲水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中来制备的。萤光素酶的终浓度为约334.5μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。将此溶液掺入具有约15nm平均直径的磁铁矿粒子的溶液。在此溶液中PEG-b-PLA、PCSH和磁铁矿粒子的重量百分比含量分别为约0.071wt%、约0.058wt%和约0.004wt%。
将该治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合,再加入二甲基亚砜或DMSO以形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可以通过改变工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速为约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约63%范围内的萤光素酶荷载的粒子可以通过调节含萤光素酶的溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例11:含有TK海肾(Renilla)萤光素酶作为DNA标记的粒子
通过将TK海肾萤光素酶混合在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷缓冲水溶液(其含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中来制备治疗剂溶液。TK海肾萤光素酶的终浓度为约334.5μg/mL。
生物聚合物溶液是通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中来制备的:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。将此溶液掺入具有平均直径约15nm的磁铁矿粒子的溶液。在此溶液中PEG-b-PLA、PCSH和磁铁矿粒子的重量百分比含量分别为约0.071wt%、约0.058wt%和约0.004wt%。
将该治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合,再加入DMSO以形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可以通过改变工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速为约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约63%范围内的TK海肾萤光素酶荷载的粒子可以通过调节含有TK海肾萤光素酶的溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例12:钴纳米粒子在含有EGF和线粒体定位载体的胶囊中的包囊
通过将钴纳米粒子或NP-Co水溶液和10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1.0wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中NP-Co的终浓度在约1,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
该壳流体溶液是通过将三种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备的:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5;以及(c)EGF-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGFPEG,分子量为5,000Da。PEG-b-PLA、PCSH和EGF-PEG的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%、约0.30wt%和约0.10wt%。
加入含有靶向线粒体的质粒亚细胞定位载体的缓冲溶液。该载体在该壳流体溶液中的浓度在约0.0至约1.0wt%的范围内。加入DMSO以形成均匀的溶液。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约11%范围内的Np-Co荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例13:在壳上含有CD19官能团的胶囊中的苯丁酸氮芥的包囊
通过将苯丁酸氮芥溶解在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇、约2mM的CaCl2和DMSO)中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中苯丁酸氮芥的终浓度在约2,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.05wt%和约0.05wt%。将该壳流体溶液与含有溶解在二氯甲烷和聚氧化乙烯(MW=400-1000)混合物中的CD19的溶液混合。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约20.0%范围内的苯丁酸氮芥荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。具有所加聚合物的每毫克约5至约100μg范围内的CD19荷载的胶囊可以通过调节壳流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例14:苯丁酸氮芥在含有CD20官能团的胶囊中的包囊
通过将苯丁酸氮芥溶解在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1.0wt%的异丙醇、约2.0mM的CaCl2和DMSO)中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中苯丁酸氮芥的终浓度在约2,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.05wt%和约0.05wt%。将该壳流体溶液与含有溶解在二氯甲烷和聚氧化乙烯(MW=400-1000)混合物中的CD20的溶液混合。
生产具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约20.0%范围内的苯丁酸氮芥荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。具有所加聚合物的每毫克约5至约100μg范围内的CD20荷载的胶囊可以通过调节壳流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例15:苯丁酸氮芥和硫酸羟氯喹在含有CD19和CD20官能团的胶囊中的包囊
通过将苯丁酸氮芥和硫酸羟氯喹或HCQ溶解在约10mMBis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1.0wt%的异丙醇、2mM的CaCl2和DMSO)中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中苯丁酸氮芥和HCQ的终浓度在约2,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为0.05wt%和0.05wt%。将该壳流体溶液与含有溶解在二氯甲烷和聚氧化乙烯(MW=400-1000)混合物中的CD19和CD20的溶液混合。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约20.0%范围荷载苯丁酸氮芥和HCQ的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。具有所加聚合物的每毫克约5至约100μg范围内的CD19和CD20荷载的胶囊可以通过调节壳流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例16:苯丁酸氮芥在含有CD19官能团和高尔基复合体定位载体的胶囊中的包囊
通过将苯丁酸氮芥溶解在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇、约2mM的CaCl2和DMSO)中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中苯丁酸氮芥的终浓度为约2,000至约500μg/mL的范围。
该壳流体溶液是通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备的:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.05wt%和约0.05wt%。将该壳流体溶液与含有溶解在二氯甲烷和聚氧化乙烯(MW=400-1000)混合物中的CD19的溶液混合。
加入含有靶向高尔基复合体的质粒亚细胞定位载体的缓冲溶液。该载体在该壳流体溶液中的浓度在约0至约1wt%的范围内。加入DMSO以形成均匀的溶液。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约20.0%范围内的苯丁酸氮芥荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。具有所加聚合物的每毫克约5至约100μg范围内的CD19荷载的胶囊可以通过调节壳流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例17:含有碘-125和EGF官能团的粒子
通过将碘-125溶解在二氯甲烷中来制备治疗剂溶液。在该治疗剂溶液中碘-125的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)EGF-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGF-PEG,分子量为5,000Da,和(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。EGF-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速在约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的碘-125荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例18:苯丁酸氮芥在含有Ga/Fe纳米粒子和表皮生长因子受体的胶囊中的包囊
通过将苯丁酸氮芥溶解在10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1.0wt%的异丙醇、约2.0mM的CaCl2和DMSO)中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中苯丁酸氮芥的终浓度为约2,000至约500μg/mL的范围。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)表皮生长因子-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGF-PEG,分子量为5,000Da,和(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。将此溶液掺入平均直径约15nm的Fe3O4和Ga2O3纳米粒子的溶液。在壳流体溶液中EGF-PEG、PCSH、Fe3O4和Ga2O3的重量百分比含量分别为约0.071wt%、约0.058wt%、约0.004wt%和约0.004wt%。
制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速在约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25.0%范围内的苯丁酸氮芥荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例19:苯丁酸氮芥在含有Ga/B/Fe纳米粒子和表皮生长因子受体的胶囊中的包囊
通过将苯丁酸氮芥溶解在约10.0mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1.0wt%的异丙醇、约2.0mM的CaCl2和DMSO)中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中苯丁酸氮芥的终浓度在约2,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)表皮生长因子-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGF-PEG,分子量为5,000Da,和(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。将此溶液掺入平均直径约15nm的Fe3O4、Ga2O3和B2O3纳米粒子的溶液。在壳流体溶液中EGF-PEG、PCSH、Fe3O4、Ga2O3和B2O3的重量百分比含量分别为约0.071wt%、约0.058wt%、约0.004wt%、约0.004wt%和约0.004wt%。
制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速在约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的苯丁酸氮芥荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例20:具有叶酸官能团的含有紫杉醇的粒子
通过将紫杉醇溶解在二氯甲烷中制备治疗剂溶液。在该治疗剂溶液中的紫杉醇的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)叶酸功能化聚(乙二醇)或叶酸-PEG,分子量为5,000Da,和(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。叶酸-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用流速在约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的紫杉醇荷载的粒子是通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备的。
具体实施例21:具有叶酸官能团的包含紫杉醇的胶囊
通过将紫杉醇混合到DMSO和约10wt%的γ-环糊精中来制备芯流体溶液,该10wt%的γ-环糊精是在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中。在该芯流体溶液中的紫杉醇的终浓度为约20μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)叶酸官能化聚(乙二醇)或叶酸-PEG,摩尔重量为5,000Da;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。叶酸-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量各自分别为约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约0.2%范围荷载紫杉醇的胶囊是通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备的。
具体实施例22:紫杉醇的粒子
治疗剂溶液是通过将紫杉醇混合到二氯甲烷中来制备的。在该治疗剂溶液中的紫杉醇的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.3wt%和约0.3wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,流速为约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围,并且外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的紫杉醇荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例23:含有紫杉醇的包囊
通过将紫杉醇混合到DMSO和约10wt%的γ-环糊精中来制备芯流体溶液。该10wt%的γ-环糊精是在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中。在该芯流体溶液中的紫杉醇的终浓度为约20μg/mL。
壳流体溶液是通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备的:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.3wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约0.2%范围内的紫杉醇荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例24:金纳米粒子的包囊
通过将金纳米粒子或NP-Au的水溶液和10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中NP-Au的终浓度在约1,000至约500μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约11%范围内的金纳米粒子荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例25:银纳米粒子的包囊
通过将银纳米粒子或NP-Ag的水溶液和10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中NP-Ag的终浓度为约1,000至约500μg/mL的范围。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约11%范围内的银纳米粒子荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例26:钯纳米粒子的包囊
通过将钯纳米粒子或Np-Pd的水溶液和约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中NP-Pd的终浓度为约1,000至约500μg/mL的范围。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约11%范围内的钯纳米粒子荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例27:具有紫杉醇和雌二醇官能团的粒子
通过将紫杉醇混合到二氯甲烷中来制备治疗剂溶液。在该治疗剂溶液中的紫杉醇的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)雌二醇功能化聚(乙二醇)或EST-PEG,分子量为5,000Da;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。EST-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量各自分别为约0.30wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,流速为约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围,并且外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的紫杉醇荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例28:具有紫杉醇和雌二醇官能团的胶囊
通过将紫杉醇混合到DMSO和约10wt%的γ-环糊精中来制备芯流体溶液,该10wt%的γ-环糊精在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和2mM的CaCl2)中。在该芯流体溶液中的紫杉醇的终浓度为约20μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)雌二醇功能化聚(乙二醇)或EST-PEG,摩尔重量为5,000Da;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。EST-PEG和PCSH的重量百分比含量各自分别为约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具体实施例29:具有紫杉醇和表皮生长因子基团的粒子
通过将紫杉醇溶解在二氯甲烷中制备治疗剂溶液。在该治疗剂溶液中的紫杉醇的浓度为约1,000μg/mL。
通过将三种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备生物聚合物溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5;以及(c)表皮生长因子-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGF-PEG,分子量为5,000Da。PEG-b-PLA、PCSH和EGF-PEG的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%、约0.30wt%和约0.10wt%。
将治疗剂溶液和生物聚合物溶液混合形成均匀的溶液。制备具有平均直径约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的粒子,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,流速为约0.050至约0.300毫升/小时的范围内。外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约25%范围内的紫杉醇荷载的粒子可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例30:具有紫杉醇和表皮生长因子基团的胶囊
通过将紫杉醇混合到DMSO和约10wt%的γ-环糊精中来制备芯流体溶液,该10wt%的γ-环糊精在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和2mM的CaCl2)中。在该芯流体溶液中的紫杉醇的终浓度为约20μg/mL。
通过将三种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5;以及(c)表皮生长因子-功能化聚(乙二醇)或EGF-PEG,分子量为5,000Da。PEG-b-PLA、PCSH和EGF-PEG的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%、约0.30wt%和约0.10wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约7.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约0.2%范围内的紫杉醇荷载的胶囊是通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备的。
具体实施例31:pCMV-Luc质粒的包囊
通过将缓冲溶液(其中含有pCMV-Luc质粒,其含有逆流插入到pGL2-碱性载体质粒的萤火虫萤光素酶的pcDNA3的巨细胞病毒(CMV)启动子)和10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)混合来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中pCMV-Luc的终浓度在约1至约1000μg/mL的范围内。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合在氯仿中来制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的重量百分比含量分别为约0.30wt%和约0.30wt%。
制备具有约0.250μm至约1μm范围内的平均直径的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.150毫升/小时,并且外部电压为约8kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约11%范围内的pCMV-Luc荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例32:425TNF-αDNA和牛血清白蛋白罗丹明缀合物的包囊
通过将425TNF-αDNA和牛血清白蛋白罗丹明缀合物或BSA-罗丹明在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中混合来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液中425TNF-αDNA和BSA-罗丹明的终浓度分别为约12.2μg/mL和约200μg/mL。
通过将嫁接到荧光素标记的聚(乙二醇)-NHS生物聚合物的EGF或F-PEG-EGF,其分子量为3,400Da混合来制备壳流体溶液。F-PEG-EGF在该壳流体溶液中的量为约0.317wt%。
制备了具有平均直径约0.41μm的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,所用的芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约.05和约0.30毫升/小时,并且所用电压为约6.5kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约30%范围内的425TNF-αDNA荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例33:替莫唑胺的包囊
通过将替莫唑胺或TMZ混合到约0.1M乙酸盐缓冲溶液中来制备芯流体溶液。在该芯流体溶液TMZ的终浓度为约10μM。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COON-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。在壳流体溶液中PEG-b-PLA和PCSH的含量分别为约0.080wt%、约0.086wt%。
制备具有平均直径约1.3μm的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.05和约0.30毫升/小时,并且所用电压为约8.0kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约2.4%范围内的替莫唑胺荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
具体实施例34:TNF-α蛋白和牛血清白蛋白荧光素缀合物的包囊
通过将TNF-α蛋白和牛血清白蛋白荧光素缀合物或BSA-荧光剂594在约10mM Bis-Tris丙烷水溶液(其中含有约1wt%的异丙醇和约2mM的CaCl2)中混合来制备芯流体溶液。在芯流体溶液中TNF-α蛋白和BSA-荧光剂的终浓度分别为约345μg/mL和约200μg/mL。
通过将两种功能化生物聚合物混合到氯仿中制备壳流体溶液:(a)COOH-聚(乙二醇)-b-聚丙交酯或PEG-b-PLA,分子量为2000-b-1940Da,其分别使用相同命名法,并且Mw/Mn=1.2;以及(b)聚(己内酯)-SH或PCSH,分子量为5,000Da并且Mw/Mn=1.5。将该壳流体溶液掺入具有约15nm平均直径的磁铁矿粒子的溶液。在壳流体溶液中PEG-bPLA、PCSH和磁铁矿粒子的含量分别为约0.080wt%、约0.086wt%和约0.006。
制备了具有平均直径约0.225μm和约0.550μm的胶囊,但是更小的胶囊可通过调节工艺变量来制备。特别是,该芯流体流速和壳流体流速分别为约0.050和约0.300毫升/小时,并且所用电压为约7.0kV。
具有所加聚合物重量的约0.01至约23%范围内的TNF-α蛋白荷载的胶囊可以通过调节芯流体溶液的浓度来制备。
上文所给的实施例仅仅是说明性的,并不表示本发明所有可能的实施方案、应用或修饰的穷举。因此,本发明所描述的方法和系统的各种修饰和变体对于本领域技术人员而言将是明显的,而不会脱离本发明的范围和精神。尽管本发明结合具体实施方式进行了描述,应当理解,所要求的本发明不应过分地局限于此类具体实施方式。事实上,用于执行本发明的所描述的方式的多种修饰对于聚合物科学、分子生物学或相关领域的技术人员而言是明显的,这些修饰将落入所附权利要求的范围内。
上文引述的全部参考文献和出版物的公开以其全部内容通过引用清楚地并入到相同范围,如同各自通过引用并入。
Claims (61)
1.生产胶囊的方法,该胶囊含有至少一种被包囊的药剂,所述方法包括:
向中空管的内部提供芯流体;
提供壳流体流;
在所述中空管的外壁产生壳流体流;
使所述芯流体和所述壳流体经受电势以便在所述中空管的顶部形成双-流体带电射流;
在所述中空管的顶部形成具有芯区域和壳区域的胶囊。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中以约0.005毫升/小时至约5毫升/小时范围内的流速提供所述的芯流体。
3.权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述的芯流体流速是约0.025毫升/小时。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其中以约0.005毫升/小时至约5毫升/小时范围内的流速提供所述的壳流体。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述的壳流体流速是约0.75毫升/小时。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,它进一步包括以下步骤:
提供集电极;以及
使所形成的胶囊沉积在该集电极的表面上。
7.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的电势是阳性电偏倚。
8.权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述的阳性电偏倚具有约5kV至约18kV范围内的电压。
9.权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述的集电极处于接地电势处。
10.权利要求6所述的方法,它进一步包括以下步骤:
提供提取器本体,使得所述电势在所述双-流体带电射流和所述集电极之间的电势处产生偏压。
11.权利要求1所述的方法,它进一步包括将至少一种磁铁矿粒子分散在所述胶囊的壳区域内的步骤。
12.权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述的磁铁矿粒子物质是Fe3O4。
13.权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述的至少一种磁铁矿粒子具有约1nm至约300nm范围内的大小。
14.权利要求1所述的方法,它进一步包括将至少一种光子敏感的纳米粒子分散在所述胶囊的壳区域内的步骤。
15.权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述光子敏感的纳米粒子的物质是选自银、金、钯及其任意组合的化合物。
16.权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述的光敏感的纳米粒子物质具有约1nm至约50nm范围内的大小。
17.权利要求1所述的方法,它进一步包括将官能团分散在所述胶囊壳的外周上的步骤。
18.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述的官能团是选自羟基、氨基、羧基、羧酸酐基、巯基、氢硅基、硫基、羧酸基、胺基及其任意组合的实体。
19.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述的官能团能够化学或物理性地附着于胰腺癌细胞。
20.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的官能团是一种或多种化合物,该化合物选自激酶受体、成纤维细胞生长因子受体、EGF、TGF、VEGF-A、尿激酶受体、白细胞介素-4受体、视黄酸受体、肝素结合性EGF样生长因子、HB-EGF、双调蛋白、epireguin、神经调节蛋白及其功能等价物。
21.权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述的官能团的含量在约0wt%至约1wt%的范围内。
22.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述的官能团能够化学或物理性地附着于神经胶质瘤细胞。
23.权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述的官能团是表皮生长因子及其功能等价物。
24.权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述的官能团在所述胶囊上的含量在约0wt%至约0.02wt%的范围内。
25.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述的官能团能够化学或物理性地附着于乳腺癌细胞。
26.权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述的官能团是雌激素及其功能等价物。
27.权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述的官能团在所述胶囊上的含量在约0.02wt%至约0.4wt%的范围内。
28.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述的官能团能够化学或物理性地附着于淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤和白血病癌细胞中的至少一种。
29.权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述的官能团是至少一种选自VEGR-2、托西莫单抗、能够结合CD20受体的抗体、CD5、CD7、CD13、CD19、CD22、CD33、CD52、CD61、抗髓过氧化物酶及其功能等价物的化合物。
30.权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述的官能团在所述胶囊的壳上的含量在约0.0wt%至约1.0wt%的范围内。
31.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的壳流体是至少一种生物相容性聚合物。
32.权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述的至少一种生物相容性聚合物是选自聚(乳酸)、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)、壳聚糖、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、聚己内酯、淀粉、聚乙二醇以及由其组合产生的共聚合物的聚合物。
33.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的芯流体是治疗剂和显像剂中的至少一种。
34.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述的治疗剂是一种或多种选自以下的生物学材料:核酸、双链DNA、单链DNA、双链RNA、单链RNA、肽核酸(PNA)、反义DNA、反义RNA、小干扰RNA、蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物及其组合。
35.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述的治疗剂是至少一种非生物学材料。
36.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述的治疗剂适用于治疗罹患病症的患者。
37.权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述的患者罹患至少一种选自以下的病症:乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、肉瘤、间皮瘤、神经胶质瘤、生殖细胞瘤和绒毛膜癌。
38.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述的显像剂适用于检测患者中的恶性癌症。
39.生产具有至少一种被包囊的药剂的胶囊的电流体动力系统,该系统包含:
具有被配置以接受芯流体的内部的中空管;
环绕所述中空管的流体源;
被安排将所述芯流体供应到所述中空管的所述内部的芯流体供应管;
被安排将壳流体供应到壳流体源的壳流体供应管;以及
电势源,其使所述芯流体和所述壳流体经受电势,以使所述流体形成包括至少双-流体带电流体的射流。
40.权利要求39所述的系统,其进一步包含位于所述壳流体源上方的集电极。
41.权利要求40所述的系统,其进一步包含位于所述壳流体源和所述集电极之间的提取器本体。
42.权利要求39所述的系统,其中所述被包囊的药剂是治疗剂和显像剂中的至少一种。
43.权利要求39所述的系统,其进一步包含芯流体贮存器。
44.权利要求39所述的系统,其进一步包含壳流体贮存器。
45.权利要求39所述的系统,其中所述的流体源是流体槽。
46.权利要求39所述的系统,其中所述的流体源是多孔材料。
47.权利要求46所述的系统,其中所述的多孔材料是海绵。
48.权利要求39所述的系统,其中所述的流体源包括多个管。
49.生产具有至少一种被包囊的药剂的胶囊的系统,该系统包含:
多个中空管;
环绕所述多个中空管的套;
被安排将芯流体供应到所述多个中空管的内部的芯流体供应管;
被安排供应壳流体的壳流体供应管;以及
电势源,其使所述芯流体和所述壳流体经受电势,以使所述流体形成具有至少双-流体带电流体的射流。
50.权利要求49所述的系统,其中在所述套中所述多个中空管中的至少一个是沿四周安排的。
51.权利要求50所述的系统,其中所述的壳流体供应管被配置和安排以将所述壳流体供应到所述多个中空管之间的空间。
52.权利要求49所述的系统,其中所述的多个中空管在所述套中是线性安排的,该套包括至少两个板。
53.权利要求52所述的系统,其中所述的壳流体供应管被配置和安排以将所述壳流体供应到所述多个中空管之间的空间。
54.权利要求49所述的系统,其被安排执行上行流电流体力学。
55.权利要求49所述的系统,安排执行下降流电流体力学。
56.权利要求49所述的系统,其进一步包含集电极。
57.权利要求49所述的系统,其中所述的系统进一步包括提取器本体。
58.权利要求49所述的系统,其中所述被包囊的药剂是治疗剂和显像剂中的至少一种。
59.权利要求49所述的系统,其进一步包含芯流体贮存器。
60.权利要求49所述的系统,其进一步包含壳流体贮存器。
61.权利要求49所述的系统,其中所述的套被配置以接受和递送所述壳流体。
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- 2007-05-03 CN CN201310270432.XA patent/CN103393621B/zh active Active
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WO2007131128A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
CN103393621A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
WO2007131128A2 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
CN102871986A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
JP2009536084A (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
EP2012937A2 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
US20070296099A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
EP2724718A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
BRPI0709753A2 (pt) | 2012-08-21 |
AU2007247964B2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
CA2650937A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
US20130017148A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
JP2013144154A (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
CN103393621B (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
EP2012937A4 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
US8297959B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
US20080187487A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
CN101479051A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
AU2007247964A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
JP5334841B2 (ja) | 2013-11-06 |
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