CN101443176A - 用于制造多层部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造多层部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN101443176A
CN101443176A CNA2007800162470A CN200780016247A CN101443176A CN 101443176 A CN101443176 A CN 101443176A CN A2007800162470 A CNA2007800162470 A CN A2007800162470A CN 200780016247 A CN200780016247 A CN 200780016247A CN 101443176 A CN101443176 A CN 101443176A
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component
supporting component
cavity
surface component
polyurethane material
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CN101443176B (zh
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J·茨维塞勒
M·西韦丁
J·米茨勒
M·格鲁贝尔
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KraussMaffei Technologies GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1671—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles with an insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1228—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material
    • B29C44/1233—Joining preformed parts by the expanding material the preformed parts being supported during expanding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14065—Positioning or centering articles in the mould
    • B29C2045/14155—Positioning or centering articles in the mould using vacuum or suction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B29C2045/14532—Joining articles or parts of a single article injecting between two sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/03—Injection moulding apparatus
    • B29C45/04—Injection moulding apparatus using movable moulds or mould halves
    • B29C45/0441—Injection moulding apparatus using movable moulds or mould halves involving a rotational movement
    • B29C45/045—Injection moulding apparatus using movable moulds or mould halves involving a rotational movement mounted on the circumference of a rotating support having a rotating axis perpendicular to the mould opening, closing or clamping direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1615—The materials being injected at different moulding stations
    • B29C45/1628—The materials being injected at different moulding stations using a mould carrier rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the opening and closing axis of the moulding stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0087—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造多层部件的方法，所述多层部件包括支撑组件(28)、表面组件(26)和在所述支撑组件和所述表面组件之间的中间组件(54)。本发明的特征在于：首先制造所述支撑组件；接下来使得所述表面组件与所述支撑组件间隔距离地定位；最后给在所述支撑组件和所述表面组件之间的中间腔填充聚氨酯材料。

Description

用于制造多层部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于制造多层部件的方法。
背景技术
制造由多层或多个材料组件构成的部件、通常也称为夹层部件是众所周知的。其中通常相继地涂敷不同的材料层，或者将不同的组件与多个层接合。
当前涉及对由不同的塑料组件构成的多层部件的制造，其中不同的层分别具有不同的材料特性。支撑部件应为整个结构提供必需的支撑。表面组件提供所希望的装饰或者所希望的表面特性，且优选设计成硬的且对刮擦不敏感的。表面层应通过中间层固定在支撑组件上，其中中间层优选由聚氨酯材料、特别是聚氨酯泡沫材料构成，因此构造成比表面组件软。通过这种方式例如可以产生用于汽车的外面部件，其中表面对气候影响和其它外部影响尽可能不敏感。另一方面，由于软的位于其下的中间组件，将实现一定的变形，这种变形例如对于保护行人具有特殊的意义。也可考虑在基本结构坚固的情况下希望表面层有一定的变形的其它应用。
但上述实施方式也可用于里面的构件。在这种情况下可以代替膜而使用一种装饰物或装饰膜。于是有益地得到软触效果。装饰物可以通过小的压力与支撑部件“粘接”。这相比于利用高的内压的后注塑(Hinterpritzen)和由此可能的装饰损伤或者相比于繁琐的后冲压过程(
Figure A200780016247D0004143053QIETU
)特别有益。另外可以使用成本低廉的膜。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种方法，采用该方法可以高效且成本低廉地制造上述多层部件，但同时在其所希望的特性方面可以精确适配地制出。
该目的通过在权利要求1中所述的方法特征得以实现。
据此，表面组件与支撑组件相间隔地定位，且将聚氨酯材料、特别是聚氨酯泡沫材料装入中间腔中。
表面组件优选选择硬的且耐气候且耐刮擦。在此特别是可以选用特别的塑料材料，或者也可以选用薄的金属，如铝、特种钢等。聚氨酯材料优选是发泡的材料或者是形成泡沫的材料，其中泡沫也可以在聚氨酯成分进入到中间腔期间或之后形成。
根据一种优选的实施方式，作为支撑组件可以使用热塑性塑料材料，这种材料例如已在前道工步中被注塑。当无论支撑组件还是给中间腔填充聚氨酯材料都循环同步地进行时可以实现特别高效的制造方式。
特别是可以在填充中间腔时将表面组件以及支撑组件容纳在型腔中，其中在两个组件之间留有中间腔。在此，具有中间板或转位板的合模单元特别适合于该制造工步。
附图说明
本发明的实施例将在下面对照附图详细说明。图中示出：
图1为用于实施本发明方法的装置的示意图；和
图2为第二模具以及已制造的多层部件的详细剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1的中央示意性地示出具有两个外部的紧固板12和14的合模单元，其中这两个外部的紧固板12、14可以彼此相向或相离地移动。这长久以来由现有技术是已知的，故当前不必对其予以详细说明。
在两个紧固板12和14之间设有可旋转的转位板(Wendeplatte)形式的中间板16。围绕垂直的轴的可旋转性用双箭头示出。在紧固板12和转位板16之间设有第一模具18，在转位板16和紧固板14之间设有第二模具20。两个模具18和20均由两个模具半部构成，其中仅模具20的两个模具半部20′和20″被详细示出。如虚线所示，在图1中分别闭合的模具18和20之间分别有模具型腔22和24(也称为型腔)，这些模具型腔适于构造塑料制品，如下面详细说明。在图1的右侧非常示意性地示出了塑化及喷射单元30。塑化及喷射单元30适于加工热塑材料，该热塑材料通过料斗被引入，在单元30中熔化和均匀化，并通过在单元30的前部的尖端上的喷嘴在对接模具18之后喷射到型腔22中。
在图1的左侧示出聚氨酯单元32，其包括带有排出管34的混合头36。两根支管38通向混合头36，这两根支管为混合头供应以两种聚氨酯成分，即异氰酸脂和多元醇。这两种成分在混合头中混合成反应的混合物，并通过排出管34排出。
在聚氨酯单元32工作时，它对接发泡板14的灌注区域40，更确切地说，在排出管34和输送管42之间形成稠密的流体化合物，输送管42在模具半部20′中从灌注区域40一直延伸至型腔24。
在图1中非常示意性地且在图2中放大地示出，在型腔24中有在前道工步中已制造的形成支撑组件的热塑性塑料模制件28。此外在模具20闭合之前已经将形成表面组件的嵌入件26嵌入到模具半部20′的打开的型腔中。该嵌入件26例如是非常耐气候且耐刮的塑料膜。
在两个模具半部20′和20″一起移动之后，在热塑性塑料部件28和嵌入件26之间形成中间腔，在混合头中产生的聚氨酯成分54可以通过输送通道42装入到该中间腔中。
整个的工作方式总结如下：在合模单元10的闭合状态下，塑化及喷射单元30以如下方式工作，即熔化热塑性塑料材料，借助于到达模具18的单元30将集聚在螺旋腔中的材料喷射到型腔22中。
当热塑性塑料材料在型腔22中冷却并由此硬化之后，合模单元打开如此远，直至产生用于转位板16的旋转的足够的空间。然后，转位板16旋转180°，其中形成支撑组件的热塑性塑料部件在固定于转位板上的模具半部中一起旋转。图1中所示的模具半部20″此时位于转位板的另一侧。
在合模单元重新闭合时，热塑性塑料制品现在容纳在图1所示的模具20的型腔24中。因为型腔24构造成大于型腔22，所以在型腔表面和热塑性塑料制品28之间仍有空腔。
在转位板旋转的同时，嵌入件嵌入到模具半部20″的型腔中，从而在合模单元闭合之后可以在嵌入件26和热塑性塑料材料之间形成中间腔。嵌入件在此例如可以通过真空被精确定位地保持。
如果现在将形成软泡沫的聚氨基甲酸乙酯材料装入到中间腔中，那么在硬化之后形成具有硬表面和位于该硬表面之下的软结构的多层部件，但所述结构的坚固性在整体上由支撑组件得到。
这些部件以特殊的方式适于需要坚固的带有具有抵抗能力的表面的结构的地方，但该结构整体构造成具有挠性的。
附图标记列表
10    合模单元                   30    塑化及喷射单元
12    紧固板                     32    聚氨酯单元
14    紧固板                     34    排出管
16    作为转位板的中间板         36    混合头
18    模具1                      38    输送支管
20    模具2                      40    PUR-灌注区域
20′、20″模具2的模具半部        42    PUR-输送通道
22    模具1中的型腔              50    热塑性塑料制品
24    模具2中的型腔              52    嵌入件
26    嵌入件                     54    聚氨酯填料
28    注塑部件

Claims (11)

1.一种用于制造多层部件的方法，所述多层部件包括支撑组件、硬的表面组件和在所述支撑组件和所述表面组件之间的软的中间组件，其特征在于，
制造所述支撑组件；
使得所述表面组件与所述支撑组件间隔距离地定位；和
给在所述支撑组件和所述表面组件之间的中间腔填充聚氨酯材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，作为聚氨酯材料使用发泡或者形成泡沫的聚氨酯材料。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用热塑性塑料材料作为支撑组件。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在之前的工步中注塑所述热塑性塑料材料。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支撑组件的制造、所述表面组件的定位和用聚氨酯材料填充都循环同步地进行。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在填充所述中间腔时，所述支撑组件以及所述表面组件都容纳在型腔中。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，使用膜或装饰层作为表面组件。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面组件由塑料材料、塑料混合物或金属构成。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将嵌入件、特别是膜嵌入到所述型腔中，该嵌入件用作两个模具半部的密封件。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
在第一工步中制造多个支撑组件；
同时或随后将多个表面组件嵌入到相应数量的模具型腔中，并使得所述表面组件与所述支撑组件间隔距离地定位；和
给在所述支撑组件和所述表面组件之间的中间腔填充聚氨酯材料。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，使用一转位板合模单元，该转位板合模单元具有两个外部的模具紧固板和设置在这两个模具紧固板之间的转位板，其中可以周期性地实现用于形成所述支撑组件的模具型腔和用于形成用以填充所述中间腔的模具型腔的型腔。
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