CN101437750B - 氢发生装置以及氢化反应装置 - Google Patents
氢发生装置以及氢化反应装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101437750B CN101437750B CN2007800161529A CN200780016152A CN101437750B CN 101437750 B CN101437750 B CN 101437750B CN 2007800161529 A CN2007800161529 A CN 2007800161529A CN 200780016152 A CN200780016152 A CN 200780016152A CN 101437750 B CN101437750 B CN 101437750B
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogenation
- hydrogen
- catalyst
- dehydrogenation
- reactor
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提高脱氢反应或氢化反应的效率。本发明的氢发生装置是在催化剂的存在下,通过有机氢化物的脱氢反应产生氢的装置,该装置具有多管结构的反应器(10),该反应器(10)具备下述两个区域,即供给用于产生脱氢反应所必须的热的燃料、具有该燃料的燃烧所利用的燃烧催化剂的区域(12);和具有脱氢反应所必须的脱氢催化剂的区域(11);这两个区域以壁为间隔,在直径方向上相邻。本发明的氢化反应装置是在催化剂的存在下,通过不饱和烃和氢的氢化反应合成有机氢化物的装置,该装置具有多管结构的反应器(10),该反应器(10)具备下述两个区域,即除去氢化反应中产生的热的区域(12);和具有氢化反应所必须的氢化催化剂的区域(11),这两个区域以壁为间隔,在直径方向上相邻。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过有机氢化物的脱氢反应产生氢的氢发生装置、以及通过不饱和烃的氢化反应合成有机氢化物,由此储存氢的氢化反应装置。
背景技术
近年来,伴随着化石燃料的消耗而产生的公害和温暖化、伴随原子能的利用而需降低核爆风险,氢能源受到关注。氢可通过水的电解生成,因此可以说在地球上几乎取之不尽用之不竭。氢还是燃烧后不产生二氧化碳的清洁能源。这是氢受到关注的主要原因。
但是,利用氢时必须安全且高效地储存氢。目前已经得到实际应用的氢的储存方法例如有:以气体的形式封装在高压气瓶内的方法;储存在储氢合金内部的方法;以液体氢的形式储存的方法等。
但是,通过这些方法储存氢时,存在需要巨大的设备投资、氢的储存能力低等问题,每种方法在将氢用作能源时都难以利用。
另一方面,具有相同碳原子数的环状烃已知有苯和环己烷。前者的苯是碳碳之间的键部分为双键的不饱和烃,而后者的环己烷是碳碳之间的键没有双键的饱和烃。因此,在苯上加成氢则得到环己烷,由环己烷除去一部分氢则得到苯。同样,由萘的氢化反应可得到萘烷,由萘烷的脱氢反应可得到萘。以下,将如饱和烃这样的、可通过脱氢反应将氢供给外部的有机化合物称为“有机氢化物”。这样,通过利用这些烃的氢化反应和脱氢反应,可以进行氢的储存和供给。所述氢的储存或供给技术有望在汽车的动力、发电中应用(例如参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特开2002-187702号公报(摘要等)
发明内容
但是,在将利用上述环己烷、萘烷等有机氢化物与苯、萘等不饱和烃之间的脱氢反应和氢化反应进行的氢的供给和储存实际应用时,希望进一步提高反应效率,有效地供给和储存氢。特别是必须有效地利用脱氢反应所需的能量或者氢化反应所得到的能量。
本发明针对上述问题而设,其目的在于提高脱氢反应或氢化反应的效率。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供氢发生装置,该装置是在催化剂的存在下,通过有机氢化物的脱氢反应产生氢的装置,具有多管结构的反应器,该多管结构的反应器具备下述两个区域,即供给用于产生脱氢反应所必须的热的燃料、具有该燃料的燃烧所利用的燃烧催化剂的区域;和具有上述脱氢反应所必须的脱氢催化剂的区域;这两个区域以壁为间隔,在直径方向上相邻。有机氢化物的脱氢反应是极大的吸热反应,通常的填充式反应器难以供给反应所必须的能量。采用本发明的氢发生装置,燃料燃烧产生的能量直接传递至另一个区域的脱氢催化剂,能量的利用效率极高,并且可以使氢的发生速度增大。
本发明的另一方面是将上述发明中的燃烧催化剂和脱氢催化剂的至少任一种催化剂负载在反应器内的壁面上的氢发生装置。由此,来自燃烧催化剂的热穿过壁面直接传递至催化剂。因此,可以使氢的发生速度增大。
本发明的另一方面是将上述发明中的壁面制成叶片、皱褶、格栅或蜂窝状的部件的壁面的氢发生装置。由此,可以使负载催化剂的单位体积的面积增大,进一步提高反应效率。
本发明的又一方面是将上述各发明中的燃烧催化剂和脱氢催化剂的至少任一种催化剂负载于经阳极氧化处理的铝化合物上的氢发生装置。由此,可以得到导热性良好的催化剂载体。并且,通过将导热性良好的铝用于各区域的壁面或叶片中,可以将发热区域的热迅速地传递至吸热区域。
本发明的又一方面是将上述各发明的燃料作为脱氢反应的产物的氢发生装置。由此,可以减少或完全不使用由外部供给的燃料,可以利用原料的反应产物自给地产生氢。
本发明的另一方面是氢化反应装置,该装置是在催化剂的存在下,通过由不饱和烃的氢化反应合成有机氢化物来储存氢的装置,具有多管结构的反应器,该多管结构的反应器具备下述两个区域,即除去氢化反应中生成的热的区域;和具有氢化反应所必须的氢化催化剂的区域,这两个区域以壁为间隔,在直径方向上相邻。用于储存氢的不饱和烃的氢化反应是很大的放热反应,同时也是平衡反应,温度升高则反应率降低。采用本发明的氢化反应装置,可以控制反应温度的升高,提高氢化反应的效率,使氢化反应的速度增快。
本发明的另一方面是将上述发明的氢化催化剂负载于反应器内的壁面上的氢化反应装置。由此,氢化反应中产生的热穿过壁面被立即除去。因此,可以使氢化反应的速度增快。
本发明的又一方面是将上述发明的壁面制成叶片、皱褶、格栅或蜂窝状的部件的壁面的氢化反应装置。由此,可以使负载催化剂的单位体积的面积增大,进一步提高反应效率。
本发明的又一方面是将上述各发明的上述氢化催化剂负载于经阳极氧化处理的铝化合物上的氢化反应装置。由此,可以得到导热性高的催化剂载体。并且,通过将导热性良好的铝用于各区域的壁面或者叶片中,可以将一个区域的热迅速传递至另一个区域。
根据本发明,可以提高脱氢反应或氢化反应的效率,同时提高总体的能量效率。
附图简述
图1示意性表示本发明的氢发生装置的优选实施方案。
图2是示意性表示图1所示的反应器的斜视图。
图3表示将图2所示的反应器用A面截断时的截面B。
图4示意性表示本发明的氢化反应装置的优选实施方案。
符号说明
1氢发生装置
10反应器
11外侧区域
12内侧区域
17叶片
18叶片
40氢化反应装置
实施发明的最佳方式
(1.氢发生装置)
以下,根据附图对本发明的氢发生装置的优选实施方案进行详细说明。
首先,对本发明的氢发生装置的脱氢反应进行简单说明。以下所示的三种反应式是表示有机氢化物的脱氢反应的反应式的一个例子。如这些反应式所示,通过从有机氢化物中脱氢,生成不饱和烃。
C10H18→C10H8+5H2—333.4kJ/mol(萘烷的脱氢反应)
C6H12→C6H6+3H2—205.9kJ/mol(环己烷的脱氢反应)
C7H14→C7H8+3H2—204.8kJ/mol(甲基环己烷的脱氢反应)
通过利用如有机氢化物这样的、通过脱氢反应使本身的碳碳之间的键的一部分或全部变为双键或三键、向外部释放氢的化合物,可以构建氢发生装置。
图1示意性表示本发明的氢发生装置的优选实施方案的构成。本图表示氢发生装置的一个方案,并不限于此。
本发明的实施方案的氢发生装置1具备反应器10,该反应器10是有机氢化物的一个例子——甲基环己烷(图1中表示为“OHY”)进行脱氢反应的场所。反应器10是竖长的筒状,在其直径方向具有将管三重重叠的三重管结构。反应器10最内侧的管是燃料(图1中表示为“FU”)与空气的混合物燃烧生成的排放气体的通路13。燃料也包括市政供气、LPG、灯油等。通路13的上方和下方均形成开口部分,排放气体由通路13的上方向下方流动,由反应器10排出。
通路13的外侧配置有直径比通路13大的管。夹在该管和通路13的外壁之间的区域是导入燃料和空气的混合物并燃烧的区域(该实施方案中称为“内侧区域”)12。内侧区域12与反应器10的下方侧面和通路13的上方连接。反应器10的下方侧面设置有与内侧区域12连接的一个或多个口。图1中只表示了两个口,可以是一个或三个以上的口。燃料和空气由反应器10的下方侧面进入内侧区域12,在此燃烧。燃烧生成的排放气体由通路13的上方进入,流向反应器10的外部。
在内侧区域12的外侧配置有兼作反应器10的外壁的管。夹在该管的内壁和构成内侧区域的管的外壁之间的区域是通过甲基环己烷的脱氢反应生成甲苯(图1中表示为“TL”)和氢的区域(该实施方案中称为“外侧区域”)11。外侧区域11与反应器10的下方侧面和反应器10的上方连接。反应器10的下方侧面设有与外侧区域11连接的一个或多个口。图1中只表示了两个口,可以是一个或三个以上的口。甲基环己烷由反应器10的下方侧面进入外侧区域11,在此脱氢。脱氢反应生成的甲苯和氢流向外侧区域11的上方,由反应器10上部排出到外部。反应器10的更详细的结构如后所述。
反应器10内的脱氢反应所必须的热能通过加热燃料、将其供给燃烧催化剂来获得。该燃料通过泵20a送至流路切换阀21、热交换器22、热交换器23,然后在作为加热装置的一个例子的电加热器24中加热。另一方面,燃料混合用的空气(以下简称为“空气”,图1中表示为“AR”)由鼓风机25送至热交换器26,空气在作为之后的加热装置的一个例子的电加热器27中进一步加热,在混合器28内与上述燃料混合。混合器28具备作为加热装置的一个例子的电加热器29。因此,燃料与空气的混合物在混合器28内被充分加热。在混合器28内混合的燃料和空气的混合物由设置于反应器10的下方侧面的多个口(燃料导入口)导入到反应器10内的内侧区域12。另外,这里作为加热装置的一个例子所例举的电加热器主要是在启动时利用,在正常运转时热能可以自给,不一定要利用。
热交换器22是在反应器10中通过甲基环己烷的脱氢反应生成的甲苯和氢的混合物与燃料之间进行热交换的场所。这里,燃料从甲苯和氢的混合物中获得热,被预加热。另一方面,甲苯和氢的混合物被燃料夺去热,得到冷却。热交换器23是燃料和空气的混合物燃烧产生的排放气体与燃料之间进行热交换的场所。这里,燃料由排放气体中获得热,被预加热;而排放气体被燃料夺去热,得到冷却。热交换器26是燃料和空气的混合物燃烧产生的排放气体与燃料混合用的空气之间进行热交换的场所。这里,空气从排放气体中获得热,被预加热;而排放气体被空气夺去热,得到冷却。
在反应器10内脱氢的甲基环己烷通过泵20b送至热交换器30、热交换器31。之后,甲基环己烷在作为加热装置的一个例子的电加热器32中加热,由设于反应器10的下方侧面的多个口(原料导入口)送至外侧区域11。
热交换器30是燃料和空气的混合物燃烧产生的排放气体与原料之间进行热交换的场所。这里,原料从排放气体中获得热,被预加热;而排放气体被原料夺去热,得到冷却。然后,排放气体排出到外部。热交换器31是在反应器10中通过甲基环己烷的脱氢反应生成的甲苯和氢的混合物与原料之间进行热交换的场所。这里,原料由甲苯和氢的混合物中获得热,被预加热,而甲苯和氢的混合物被原料夺去热,得到冷却。
甲苯和氢的混合物依次经过热交换器31、热交换器22、热交换器33进入反应物容器35。进入反应物容器35内的氢经由热交换器34送至反应物容器35的外部。热交换器33是甲苯和氢的混合物与冷却水(图1中表示为“CW”)之间进行热交换的场所。这里,甲苯和氢的混合物被冷却水夺去热,得到冷却,然后进入反应物容器35。热交换器34是氢与冷却水之间进行热交换的场所。这里,氢被冷却水夺去热,得到冷却,然后排出到外部。
反应物容器35的底部与泵36连接,泵36与流路切换阀21连接,反应物容器35内的甲苯可由流路切换阀21经由热交换器22、热交换器23、混合器28送至反应器10的燃料导入口。由此,可以将脱氢反应得到的甲苯作为燃料使用,来自外部的燃料只在脱氢反应初期使用,之后通过将甲苯用作燃料,可以高的性价比产生氢。即,可以减少或完全不使用来自外部的、用于确保脱氢反应所必须的热量的燃料,利用原料的反应产物自给地产生氢。燃料由外部向反应器10的供给和甲苯向反应器10的供给可以通过流路切换阀21容易地切换。燃料由外部向反应器10的供给和甲苯向反应器10的供给并不是完全切换,可以使用流量调节器调节外部燃料与甲苯的各流量比。
图2是反应器10的示意性斜视图。图3表示将反应器10用图2所示的A面截断时的截面B。
如图3所示,反应器10是具备将兼作反应器10的外壁的最大直径的管14、比管14直径小的管15、比管15直径小的管16呈同心状重合的三重结构的容器。管14和管15之间的区域是通过甲基环己烷的脱氢反应生成甲苯和氢的外侧区域11。外侧区域11中设置有由管14向管15的方向配置的多个叶片17。管15和管16之间的区域是导入燃料(也包括以甲苯作为燃料的情况)和空气的混合物的内侧区域12。内侧区域12中设置有由管15向管16的方向延伸配置的多个叶片18。
叶片17和叶片18是催化剂载体或将催化剂载体安在外面的部件。催化剂载体优选将铝经阳极氧化处理制作的氧化铝。叶片17上负载有燃料和空气的混合物燃烧所必须的燃烧催化剂。叶片18上负载有甲基环己烷的脱氢反应所必须的脱氢催化剂。脱氢催化剂例如优选铂。氧化铝制的催化剂载体是耐热性高的催化剂载体。并且,由于叶片17、18是导热性良好的铝制的,因此可以将内侧区域12的热迅速传递至外侧区域11。
燃料和空气的混合物利用燃烧催化剂燃烧,燃烧热传递至外侧区域11的叶片17,负载于叶片17表面的脱氢催化剂的温度升高。甲基环己烷在温度升高的脱氢催化剂表面发生脱氢,生成甲苯和氢。脱氢催化剂的温度根据有机氢化物的种类而不同,使用甲基环己烷时温度在约270-400℃,优选约285-370℃的范围较好。如上所述,通过使燃料的燃烧、有机氢化物的脱氢反应分别在相邻的区域(内侧区域12和外侧区域11)进行,可以提高脱氢反应的效率和能量的利用率,继而提高单位时间的氢发生量(氢发生速度)。
外侧区域也可以配置具有叶片17以外的形态的催化剂载体。例如,可以在管14或15的表面形成皱褶,在该皱褶上负载脱氢催化剂。还可以在外侧区域11配置格栅或蜂窝状的部件,在其各壁面负载脱氢催化剂。同样,还可以在管15或16的表面形成皱褶,在该皱褶上负载燃烧催化剂。还可以在内侧区域12配置格栅或蜂窝状的部件,在其各壁面负载燃烧催化剂。如上所述,采用叶片17、18、皱褶、格栅或蜂窝状的部件,则负载催化剂的单位体积的面积增大,可进一步提高反应效率。内侧区域12也同样,可以配置具有叶片17以外的形态的催化剂载体。
如以上说明,采用具备内侧区域12,以及在内侧区域12的外侧与其以壁间隔的、具有脱氢反应所必须的脱氢催化剂的外侧区域11的三重管结构的反应器10,燃料燃烧产生的热可以立即将外侧区域11的脱氢催化剂加热,脱氢反应的效率立即提高,可使氢发生速度更快。另外,燃烧用催化剂和脱氢催化剂负载于反应器10内的叶片17、18上,因此,热不会受到气膜阻力而直接穿过叶片17、18的壁面传递至脱氢催化剂。因此,能量利用效率极高,可以使氢发生速度更快。
表1表示改变甲基环己烷的供给量、调查各供给量下的氢发生量的结果。
[表1]
原料供给量(mL/分钟) | 氢发生量(NL/分钟) | 转化率(%) |
10 | 5.2 | 98 |
30 | 13.4 | 85 |
40 | 14.3 | 68 |
如表1所示,如果增加甲基环己烷的供给量,则可得到氢发生速度提高的结果。
(2.氢化反应装置)
下面,按照附图对本发明的氢化反应装置的优选实施方案进行详细说明。
首先,对本发明的氢化反应装置中的氢化反应进行简单说明。以下所示的三种反应式是表示不饱和烃的氢化反应的反应式的一个例子。如这些反应式所示,不饱和烃氢化生成有机氢化物,同时伴随有较大放热。
C10H8+5H2→C10H18+333.4kJ/mol(萘的氢化反应)
C6H6+3H2→C6H12+205.9kJ/mol(苯的氢化反应)
C7H8+3H2→C7H14+204.8kJ/mol(甲苯的氢化反应)
通过利用如不饱和烃这样的、通过氢化反应以分子水平储存氢的化合物,可以大量且安全地储存氢。
图4示意性表示本发明的氢化反应装置的优选实施方案的构成。
本发明的实施方案的氢化反应装置40具备反应器10,该反应器10是不饱和烃的一个例子—甲苯(图4中表示为“TL”)进行氢化反应的场所。反应器10是竖长的筒状,在其直径方向具有将管三重重叠的三重管结构。反应器10最内侧的管是冷却用空气或冷却用水的通路13。通路13的上方和下方均形成开口部分,加温的空气或水由通路13的上方向下方流动,由反应器10排出。甲苯在反应器10的外侧区域11发生氢化反应,形成有机氢化物的一个例子—甲基环己烷(图4中表示为“OHY”),移动至反应器10外,进入反应产物容器35。
向甲苯中添加氢时,优选使反应器10内的氢化催化剂的温度在70-250℃的范围。氢化反应是放热反应,因此如果是超过250℃的温度,则氢化反应受到抑制,相反脱氢反应占优势,由甲苯向甲基环己烷转化的转化率降低。因此,将氢化催化剂的温度保持在70-250℃的范围较好。更优选的温度是80-200℃的范围。
氢化反应装置40的构成与上述氢发生装置1的构成有很多共通部分,因此用相同符号表示,同时省略其说明。
氢化反应装置40中与氢发生装置1的主要不同之处在于:甲苯进入到反应器10内之前与氢混合;以及由反应产物容器35排出的物质含有未反应完的过量的氢。图4中,甲苯和氢混合的场所是热交换器30与热交换器31之间,也可以是热交换器30的上游一侧或热交换器31的下游一侧。
采用具备内侧区域12,以及在该内侧区域12的外侧与其以壁间隔的、具有氢化反应所必须的氢化催化剂的外侧区域11的三重管结构的反应器10,可以立即除去产生的热,反应效率提高,可以使氢化反应速度更快。另外,冷却用空气(或冷却用水)以及氢化催化剂与反应器10内的叶片17、18接触,因此来自氢化催化剂的热可穿过叶片17、18的壁面立即除去。因此,可以使氢化反应速度和转化率更高。
采用叶片17、18或叶片17、18以外的皱褶、格栅和蜂窝状的部件,冷却面积和负载催化剂的单位体积的面积增大,可以进一步提高反应效率。另外,氧化铝制的催化剂载体是耐热性高的催化剂载体。并且,叶片17、18是用导热性良好的铝制的,因此可以使内侧区域12和外侧区域11之间的热移动速度增大。
以上对本发明的氢发生装置和氢化反应装置的各实施方案进行了说明,但本发明并不限于上述各实施方案,可以实施各种变形。
除氧化铝之外,催化剂载体还可以是用氧化锆、氮化硅等材料制备的部件。除铂催化剂之外,负载在催化剂载体上的催化剂还可以是钯、钌、铱、铼、镍、钼、钨、ニテニウム、钒、锇、铬、钴或铁的任意一种或它们的任意组合。
反应容器10具有三重管结构,也可以具有二重或四重以上的多管结构。与上述各实施方案相反,也可以使脱氢反应或氢化反应发生的区域为内侧区域,将与该内侧区域以壁间隔而相邻的区域作为外侧区域。并且还可以形成将多个本反应器并列组合的结构。
产业实用性
本发明可用于使用或储存氢的产业。
Claims (5)
1.氢发生装置,其特征在于:该装置具有如下的反应器,该反应器具备:提供用于通过有机氢化物的脱氢反应产生氢的脱氢催化剂的区域;供给用于产生所述脱氢反应所必须的热的燃料、具有该燃料的燃烧所利用的燃烧催化剂的区域,
所述脱氢催化剂负载在经阳极氧化处理的铝化合物上,
所述燃烧催化剂负载在经阳极氧化处理的铝化合物上,
位于反应器内部壁面上的区域形成于多管之间,以管壁为间隔,在直径方向上相邻。
2.权利要求1所述的氢发生装置,其特征在于:所述壁面是叶片、皱褶、格栅或蜂窝状的部件的壁面。
3.权利要求1或2中任一项所述的氢发生装置,其特征在于:将所述脱氢反应的产物用作所述用于产生脱氢反应所必须的热的燃料。
4.氢化反应装置,其特征在于:该装置是在催化剂的存在下、通过不饱和烃和氢的氢化反应合成有机氢化物来储存氢的氢储存装置,该装置具有如下的反应器,该反应器具备:提供用于通过不饱和烃和氢的氢化反应合成有机氢化物的氢化催化剂的区域;和用于除去氢化反应产生的热的区域,
所述氢化催化剂负载在经阳极氧化处理的铝化合物上,
位于反应器内部壁面上的区域形成于多管之间,以管壁为间隔,在直径方向上相邻。
5.权利要求4所述的氢化反应装置,其特征在于:所述壁面是叶片、皱褶、格栅或蜂窝状的部件的壁面。
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US7662435B2 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2010-02-16 | Intelligent Energy, Inc. | Method for reducing coking in a hydrogen generation reactor chamber |
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US8301359B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2012-10-30 | HyCogen Power, LLC | Microprocessor controlled automated mixing system, cogeneration system and adaptive/predictive control for use therewith |
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TW201209225A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Li-Shui Tang | Hydrogen generation apparatus |
US8568665B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2013-10-29 | Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. | Catalyst structure and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction module using the same catalyst structure |
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JP6244242B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-26 | 2017-12-06 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 水素製造システム及び水素製造方法 |
JP6400410B2 (ja) | 2014-09-25 | 2018-10-03 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ケミカルハイドライド製造用電解セル |
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JP6501141B2 (ja) | 2014-11-21 | 2019-04-17 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | 有機ハイドライド製造装置およびこれを用いた有機ハイドライドの製造方法 |
US9958211B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 | 2018-05-01 | Bayotech, Inc. | Nested-flow heat exchangers and chemical reactors |
CN104888664B (zh) * | 2015-04-22 | 2017-11-10 | 华东理工大学 | 一种自热供氢装置及其应用 |
CN105836704B (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-12-01 | 广西大学 | 一种用于化学制氢的氢气发生装置 |
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