CN101423018A - 皮带传动起动/发电机混合动力汽车用的空调 - Google Patents

皮带传动起动/发电机混合动力汽车用的空调 Download PDF

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CN101423018A
CN101423018A CNA2008101739462A CN200810173946A CN101423018A CN 101423018 A CN101423018 A CN 101423018A CN A2008101739462 A CNA2008101739462 A CN A2008101739462A CN 200810173946 A CN200810173946 A CN 200810173946A CN 101423018 A CN101423018 A CN 101423018A
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G·A·梅杰
T·M·塔马斯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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Abstract

本发明涉及皮带传动起动/发电机混合动力汽车用的空调。具体公开了一种混合动力车和运行方法，混合动力车具有空调系统、发动机，和皮带传动起动/发电机式电机－发电机。扭矩传递装置例如皮带轮和带装置接合发动机和电机－发电机，并包括选择性地断开发动机和电机－发电机之间的扭矩传递的离合部件。制冷压缩机包括转动地连接于电机－发电机驱动轴并由电机－发电机驱动轴驱动的压缩机轴。当发动机不运行时，压缩机可以由电机－发电机驱动。

Description

皮带传动起动/发电机混合动力汽车用的空调
技术领域
本发明总的涉及混合动力车，更具体地涉及皮带传动起动/发电机混合动力汽车(belt-alternator-starter hybrid electric vehicle)用的空调。
背景技术
一些类型的混合动力车不具有当车辆发动机关闭时提供舒适空调的能力，但是为了改善车辆总体燃油经济性，通常要尽可能经常地关闭发动机。但是，与发动机始终运行从而使空调随时可用的传统车辆相比，不具有连续的空调能力是不能令车辆乘座者满意的。
为了消除这个问题，一些人已提出了即使当关闭发动机时也能提供空调的混合动力车的系统。例如，一些混合动力车包括制冷压缩机，这些制冷压缩机具有其自身的电机来进行驱动。因此，压缩机独立于发动机被驱动。其他人进一步采用这个方案，不仅使用单独电机驱动制冷压缩机，而且在压缩机脱离辅助驱动带被直接驱动的情况下允许双驱动。但是，由于增加了额外的压缩机电机以及用来运行电机的电子装置和缆线，这两个方案都增加了车辆的重量和成本。其他人已设法通过提供蓄热系统来消除这个问题，蓄热系统能在发动机停止车辆运行期间提供舒适的空调。但是这些蓄热系统仍然增加巨大的成本，并且需要空调系统额外的装配空间，并且一些蓄热系统在发动机必须重新发动之前仅提供有限时间的舒适的空调。
发明内容
一个实施例揭示了具有空调系统的混合动力车。混合动力车可以包括发动机，具有发动机轴；电机-发电机，具有电机-发电机驱动轴；扭矩传递装置，有效接合发动机轴和电机-发电机驱动轴以在其间传递扭矩，扭矩传递装置包括选择性地断开发动机轴和电机-发电机驱动轴之间扭矩传递的离合部件；以及制冷压缩机，包括转动地连接于电机-发电机驱动轴并由电机-发电机驱动轴驱动的压缩机轴。
一个实施例揭示了用于混合动力车的电机-发电机及制冷压缩机装置。电机-发电机具有电机-发电机驱动轴和安装于电机-发电机驱动轴的电控离合皮带轮。离合皮带轮通过扭矩传递装置向发动机传递扭矩。制冷压缩机包括转动地连接于电机-发电机驱动轴并由电机-发电机驱动轴驱动的压缩机轴。
一个实施例揭示了使用皮带传动起动/发电机式电机-发电机来运行混合动力车的制冷压缩机的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：以起动机模式运行电机-发电机，以在发动机起动期间向发动机轴施加扭矩；以交流发电机模式运行电机-发电机，以从发动机接受扭矩并为电池充电；以及从电机-发电机向制冷压缩机传递扭矩以运行制冷压缩机。
实施例的优点在于：具有在混合动力车发动机关闭期间提供舒适空调的能力，同时使额外的重量和成本降到最小程度。
附图说明
图1为用于混合动力车的系统的示意图；
图2为与图1相似的视图，但示出了第二个实施例。
具体实施方式
参见图1，示出了总体标示为20的混合动力车部分。混合动力车20为皮带传动起动/发电机类型。混合动力车20包括可以是传统的内燃机的发动机22。发动机轴24(例如曲柄轴等)从发动机22延伸。辅助驱动皮带轮26安装于发动机轴24。带28围绕辅助驱动皮带轮26安装，而且还围绕电控离合皮带轮30安装。合起来，辅助驱动皮带轮26、带28和离合皮带轮30形成发动机驱动扭矩传递装置31。虽然示出皮带轮和带机构来作为扭矩传递装置31，但是如果需要，也可以使用例如链轮和链装置或其它类似扭矩传递机构来作为替换。
离合皮带轮30由电机-发电机驱动轴32支撑并且是电控的，以使其能选择性地转动接合电机-发电机驱动轴32。电机-发电机驱动轴32从皮带传动起动/发电机式电机-发电机(belt-alternator-startermotor-generator)34延伸并驱动(或从动于)皮带传动起动/发电机式电机-发电机34。电机-发电机34电连接于电池/车辆电子装置36。电池/车辆电子装置36实际上可以是常规的，因此在此不再详细讨论。
压缩机驱动轴38转动地安装于电机-发电机驱动轴32(或可以是同一轴)，接合并驱动制冷压缩机40。压缩机40可以是常规电控可变容积制冷压缩机(variable capacity refrigerant compressor)。压缩机40可以常规方式接合其它空调系统构件42，这些构件未示出或在此不再详细讨论。
现在讨论图1所示的系统的运行。为了起动发动机22，离合皮带轮30被接合，能量从电池36向电机-发电机34提供。然后，电机-发电机34像常规起动机一样动作，通过带28和辅助驱动皮带轮26驱动发动机22，直到发动机22运行。
发动机22运行时，辅助驱动皮带轮26和带28驱动离合皮带轮30，离合皮带轮30又驱动电机-发电机驱动轴32。由于电机-发电机驱动轴32相对于压缩机驱动轴38转动地安装，所以电机-发电机34和压缩机40被驱动。电机-发电机34像常规的交流发电机一样动作，为电池36充电。压缩机40像常规可变容积式压缩机一样动作。当车辆乘客不需要空调时，容积将会减小到最小水平以将压缩机40所用能量减小到最小值。当需要空调时，压缩机40的容积增加到所需值以满足要求。因此，带28和离合皮带轮30的设计成能适应电机-发电机34和制冷压缩机40的联合扭矩。
如果车辆的发动机22关闭，并且需要空调(具有足够的电池电量)时，那么离合皮带轮30脱离接合以使电机-发电机驱动轴32相对于辅助驱动带28转动。同样，电机-发电机34由电池/车辆电子装置36驱动，电机-发电机34又通过压缩机驱动轴38驱动压缩机40。因此，即使发动机22关闭时，也可以为车辆乘客提供空调。因此，电机-发电机34设计成：当压缩机40以高容积模式运行时能提供稳态压缩机负载所需的扭矩。如果电池电量变低时，那么可以重新起动发动机22，并且离合皮带轮30重新接合以通过电机-发电机34为制冷压缩机40提供扭矩。
可选地，在电机-发电机34和压缩机40之间存在齿轮组以确保在两者之间不会速度失配。
图2示出了第二实施例。由于该实施例与第一实施例相似，因此相同的元件标号用于相同的元件。发动机22、扭矩传递装置31、皮带传动起动/发电机式电机-发电机34、电池/车辆电子装置36和空调系统构件42与第一实施例相同。
在本例中，压缩机驱动轴不直接连接于制冷压缩机40。相反，电控压缩机离合46选择性地控制压缩机驱动轴38和压缩机从动轴48之间的扭矩传递。由于制冷压缩机40能与电机-发电机34断开，压缩机40可以是固定容积式压缩机。但是，如果需要，可以使用可变容积式压缩机。因此，对于固定容积式压缩机，压缩机离合46可以循环打开和关闭以有效改变容积；对于可变容积式压缩机，压缩机本身的容积是可变的；而且，对于任一类型压缩机，都可以通过控制电机-发电机34的速度来改变容积。
运行类似于第一实施例，但增加了确定扭矩何时传递到压缩机40的灵活性。即：当不需要空调时，压缩机离合46保持分离，以使电机-发电机独立于压缩机40转动。当不需要空调时，这样可以减少附加转动损失和减小与压缩机40相关的转动惯性。当然，与第一实施例相比，本例招致了压缩机离合46的额外重量。
在详细描述了本发明的特定实施例的同时，本领域的技术人员可以认识到如所附权利要求所限定的实施本发明的各种可替换设计以及实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种具有空调系统的混合动力车，包括：
发动机，具有发动机轴；
电机-发电机，具有电机-发电机驱动轴；
扭矩传递装置，有效接合发动机轴和电机-发电机驱动轴以在其间传递扭矩，扭矩传递装置包括选择性地断开发动机轴和电机-发电机驱动轴之间扭矩传递的离合部件；以及
制冷压缩机，包括转动地连接于电机-发电机驱动轴并由电机-发电机驱动轴驱动的压缩机轴。
2.权利要求1的混合动力车，其中，扭矩传递装置包括安装于发动机轴的辅助驱动皮带轮和围绕辅助驱动皮带轮和离合部件安装的辅助驱动带，离合部件是安装于电机-发电机驱动轴的电控离合皮带轮。
3.权利要求2的混合动力车，其中，压缩机轴包括从电机-发电机延伸的压缩机驱动轴、从制冷压缩机延伸的压缩机从动轴和压缩机离合，压缩机离合有效接合压缩机驱动轴和压缩机从动轴，以选择性地从压缩机驱动轴转动地断开压缩机从动轴。
4.权利要求2的混合动力车，其中，制冷压缩机是可变容积式压缩机。
5.权利要求1的混合动力车，其中，压缩机轴包括从电机-发电机延伸的压缩机驱动轴、从制冷压缩机延伸的压缩机从动轴和压缩机离合，压缩机离合有效接合压缩机驱动轴和压缩机从动轴，以选择性地从压缩机驱动轴转动地断开压缩机从动轴。
6.权利要求5的混合动力车，其中制冷压缩机是可变容积式压缩机。
7.权利要求1的混合动力车，其中，制冷压缩机是可变容积式压缩机。
8.权利要求1的混合动力车，其中，电机-发电机驱动轴延伸过电机-发电机并形成压缩机轴。
9.一种用于混合动力车的电机-发电机及制冷压缩机装置，该装置包括：
电机-发电机，具有电机-发电机驱动轴和安装于电机-发电机驱动轴的电控离合皮带轮，离合皮带轮设置成通过扭矩传递装置向发动机传递扭矩；以及
制冷压缩机，包括转动地连接于电机-发电机驱动轴并由电机-发电机驱动轴驱动的压缩机轴。
10.权利要求9的装置，其中，压缩机轴包括从电机-发电机延伸的压缩机驱动轴、从制冷压缩机延伸的压缩机从动轴和压缩机离合，压缩机离合有效接合压缩机驱动轴和压缩机从动轴，以选择性地从压缩机驱动轴转动地断开压缩机从动轴。
11.权利要求10的装置，其中，制冷压缩机是可变容积式压缩机。
12.权利要求9的装置，其中制冷压缩机是可变容积式压缩机。
13.权利要求9的装置，其中，电机-发电机驱动轴延伸过电机-发电机并形成压缩机轴。
14.使用皮带传动起动/发电机式电机-发电机来运行混合动力车内的制冷压缩机的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(a)以起动机模式运行电机-发电机，以在发动机起动期间向发动机轴施加扭矩；
(b)以交流发电机模式运行电机-发电机，以从发动机接受扭矩并为电池充电；以及
(c)从电机-发电机向制冷压缩机传递扭矩以运行制冷压缩机。
15.权利要求14的方法，其中步骤(c)进一步限定为：断开发动机和电机-发电机之间的扭矩传递，并电驱动电机-发电机以驱动制冷压缩机。
16.权利要求15的方法，其中步骤(c)进一步限定为：当不需要空调时，通过分离压缩机离合来选择性地断开从电机-发电机向制冷压缩机的扭矩传递。
17.权利要求15的方法，其中，该方法包括步骤(d)根据空调需求来改变制冷压缩机的容积。
18.权利要求14的方法，该方法包括步骤(d)根据空调需求来改变制冷压缩机的容积。
19.权利要求14的方法，其中步骤(c)进一步限定为：当不需要空调时，通过分离压缩机离合来选择性地断开从电机-发电机向制冷压缩机的扭矩传递。
20.权利要求19的方法，其中制冷压缩机为固定容积式制冷压缩机，该方法包括步骤(d)循环打开和关闭压缩机离合以减少固定容积式制冷压缩机的有效容积。
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