CN101413410B - 生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法 - Google Patents

生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法 Download PDF

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CN101413410B
CN101413410B CN2007101633815A CN200710163381A CN101413410B CN 101413410 B CN101413410 B CN 101413410B CN 2007101633815 A CN2007101633815 A CN 2007101633815A CN 200710163381 A CN200710163381 A CN 200710163381A CN 101413410 B CN101413410 B CN 101413410B
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埃卡德·奥斯特
沃尔夫冈·林贝格
拉尔夫·皮普洛
尼尔斯·米尔德纳
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/009—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making

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Abstract

本发明涉及生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法，尤其是生产中空阀构件的方法，利用这种方法，除了常规材料之外，首次可以将粉末状钛基合金加工成这些构件。在本方法中，将金属粉末和/或金属合金粉末在混合器中与粘结剂和任选的熔剂混合，混合物通过注模成形，化学脱除所述成形混合物的粘结剂，在低于450℃的温度下对所述化学脱除粘结剂的混合物进行粘结剂的热脱除，在低于金属和/或金属合金的熔化温度下烧结所述化学和热脱除粘结剂的混合物，以生产所述构件。该构件可以通过形状锁定或力锁定及熔接法以常规的方式彼此结合。

Description

生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法，尤其是生产中空阀构件的方法。
背景技术
现在，期望内燃机兼备高的性能和低的燃料消耗。内燃机中使用的换气阀必须能够承受非常高的工作温度和机械应力。在每个进气冲程中由在其周围流动的冷的补充气体冷却的入口阀达到超过500℃的阀盘温度。出口阀达到超过800℃的温度。
由于阀是活动构件，对其施加的驱动能量随振荡物即阀的重量呈指数增加。因此，需要在不损失机械强度和热强度的情况下进一步优化阀的重量。
例如从DE 19804053A1可知具有阀杆、阀锥和阀盘的中空阀，其中阀锥和阀盘一起形成空腔。目前，这种中空阀或中空阀部件通过热挤压或镦锻和锻造成型。主要将例如为以下材料nos.1.4882(X 50CrMnNiNbN 219)、1.4871(X 53 CrMnNiN 219)或2.4955(NiFe 25Cr 20 NbTi)的耐热钢用于阀锥或阀盘。其它的材料，尤其是基于粉末状钛的轻质材料不能，或难以以可获利的方式使用所述的方法加工成中空阀构件，这是因为钛对氧、氮和碳相互之间的高度反应性以及材料的伴生脆变。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法，尤其是生产中空阀构件例如阀锥或阀盘的方法，用这种方法也可有利地处理其它材料。
该目的通过生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法来实现，其中
(a)在混合器中，混合金属粉末和/或金属合金粉末与粘结剂和任选的熔剂；
(b)通过注模使混合物成形；
(c)对所述成形的混合物进行粘结剂的化学脱除；
(d)在低于450℃的温度下对所述化学脱除粘结剂的混合物进行粘结剂的热脱除；
(e)在低于所述金属和/或金属合金的熔化温度的温度烧结所述经化学和热脱除粘结剂的混合物，以生产构件。
利用本发明的方法，除了马氏体-铁素体钢和奥氏体钢或镍基合金之外，尤其是钛基材料也可以有利地加工成中空阀构件，从而与已知的中空阀相比，可以进一步节省重量。优选使用含有铝和/或钒作为添加组分的钛合金。基于合金总重，每种这些添加合金组分的含量优选为2～10wt％。
所述粘结剂优选选自：聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、苯乙烯丙烯晴共聚物、聚酰亚胺、天然蜡和油、热固性塑料、氰酸盐/酯、聚丙烯、聚乙酸酯/盐、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯胺、矿物油、水、琼脂、甘油、聚丁酰基乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、纤维素、油酸、邻苯二甲酸盐/酯、石蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、聚丙烯酸铵、二硬脂酸甘油酯和二油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、钛酸异丙酯、硬脂酸锂、单酸甘油酯、甲醛、辛酸磷酸盐/酯、烯烃磺酸酯/盐、磷酸酯、硬脂酸及其混合物。粘结剂的体积份数优选小于60％，更优选20～50％。
优选在50～250℃，最优选在90～150℃的温度下进行混合器中的混合。
注模成形也优选在90～150℃的混合物温度和优选在400～800巴的压力下进行。
优选在石蜡浴，更优选在己烷浴中进行粘结剂的化学脱除。优选在10～65℃，更优选在30～50℃的温度进行所述粘结剂的化学脱除。
在低于450℃，优选200～350℃的温度并优选在2～20毫巴的真空下进行粘结剂的热脱除。
优选在所述金属或金属合金的熔化温度的80～90％并且更优选在惰性气氛中进行烧结。惰性气体优选为氩气。或者，也可以在真空下进行烧结。在这种情况下，压力优选为10-3～10-5毫巴。
以这种方式生产的中空阀构件可以通过形状锁定和力锁定及熔接法以常规的方式彼此结合。例如，阀盘和阀锥可以通过冷缩配合结合。阀锥和阀杆可以通过熔接法结合。
具体实施方式
利用上述方法，将含有铝6wt％和钒4wt％的钛合金加工成阀盘和阀锥。阀锥和阀盘通过冷缩配合结合。
图1是结合的阀盘和阀锥的顶视图和沿线A-A的截面图。
图2是根据优选实施方案生产的中空阀构件的整体视图(右)和切开的视图(左)。

Claims (18)

1.一种生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的中空阀构件的方法，其中
(a)在混合器中，混合钛合金粉末与粘结剂和任选的熔剂以形成混合物，所述钛合金包含2～10wt％的铝和2～10wt％的钒；
(b)通过注模使所述混合物成形；
(c)化学脱除所述成形混合物的粘结剂；
(d)在低于450℃的温度下对所述经化学脱除粘结剂的混合物进行粘结剂的热脱除；
(e)在低于所述钛合金的熔化温度的温度下，烧结所述经化学和热脱除粘结剂的混合物，以生产构件。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于所述中空阀构件是阀锥。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于所述中空阀构件是阀盘。
4.根据前述权利要求中一项的方法，其特征在于所述粘结剂选自：聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、苯乙烯丙烯晴共聚物、聚酰亚胺、天然蜡、天然油、热固性塑料、氰酸盐/酯、聚丙烯、聚乙酸酯/盐、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯胺、矿物油、水、琼脂、甘油、聚丁酰基乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、纤维素、油酸、邻苯二甲酸酯/盐、石蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、聚丙烯酸铵、二硬脂酸甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、钛酸异丙酯、硬脂酸锂、单酸甘油酯、甲醛、辛酸磷酸盐/酯、烯烃磺酸酯/盐、磷酸酯、硬脂酸及其组合。
5.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于所述混合物中所述粘结剂的体积份数小于60％。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其特征在于所述混合物中所述粘结剂的体积比为20％～50％。
7.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在50～250℃的温度范围内进行所述混合器中的混合。
8.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在90～150℃的混合物温度下进行所述注模成形。
9.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在400～800巴的压力下进行所述注模成形。
10.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在己烷浴中进行所述粘结剂的化学脱除。
11.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在10～65℃的温度下进行所述粘结剂的化学脱除。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其特征在于在30～50℃的温度下进行所述粘结剂的化学脱除。
13.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在2～20毫巴的压力下进行所述粘结剂的热脱除。
14.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在钛合金的熔化温度的80～90％下进行所述烧结。
15.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在惰性气体中进行所述烧结。
16.根据权利要求15的方法，其特征在于所述惰性气体为氩气。
17.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于在真空下进行所述烧结。
18.一种中空阀构件，其通过根据权利要求1～17中一项的方法生产，其特征在于其由钛合金构成，所述钛合金还包含2～10wt％的铝和2～10wt％的钒。
CN2007101633815A 2006-10-20 2007-10-19 生产用于内燃机或涡轮机的构件的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101413410B (zh)

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JP2020517830A (ja) * 2017-04-27 2020-06-18 フェデラル−モーグル バルブトレイン ゲーエムベーハーＦｅｄｅｒａｌ−Ｍｏｇｕｌ Ｖａｌｖｅｔｒａｉｎ Ｇｍｂｈ ポペットバルブおよびその製造方法
ES2776887T3 (es) 2018-02-12 2020-08-03 Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Método para producir un implante metálico
CN109108267B (zh) * 2018-08-03 2019-12-20 深圳市富荣新材料科技有限公司 一种组合物、制备方法及在金属注塑成型材料领域的应用
CN109897980B (zh) * 2019-02-22 2020-07-21 北京科技大学 钛或钛合金粉的粉末注射成形方法及钛或钛合金制品
CN113399667B (zh) * 2021-06-11 2022-08-16 深圳市泛海统联精密制造股份有限公司 一种钛合金金属粉末注射成型喂料及其制备方法
CN114472879B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2023-04-25 中南大学 一种纯钛粉末注射成形用粘结剂及其制备方法和应用

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US20080092383A1 (en) 2008-04-24
ES2337302T3 (es) 2010-04-22
ATE457039T1 (de) 2010-02-15
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