CN101412968A - Novel method for increasing yield of Tibetan plateau aweto - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to new method for increasing the output of Qinghai-Tibet plateau cordyceps sinensis, which aims to promote the sustainable utilization of Qinghai-Tibet plateau wild cordyceps sinensis resources. The method comprises the following steps: increasing the propagation number of worms, increasing the propagation number of bacteria, increasing insect eating plants, reducing plant diseases and insect pests, reducing disorder excavation, and reducing overgrazing. The method improves the output and the quality of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau cordyceps sinensis through three aspects and three reductions.

Description

The novel method of increasing yield of Tibetan plateau aweto

For output and the quality that increases Tibet Cordyceps sinensis, make the Cordyceps sinensis resources, we study according to the problem of practical experience over more than 10 years and existence, invent 6 kinds of novel methods that can promote the Tibet cordyceps yield, will increase the breeding quantity of worm exactly, increased the breeding quantity of bacterium, increase the happiness food food of worm, reduce disease and pest harm, reduce unordered excavating, reduce overgraze etc.We must improve Tibet cordyceps yield and resources sustainable development utilization from these 3 increases and 3 minimizing aspects.

1, increase the breeding quantity of worm, Cordyceps sinensis is to combine growth by the bat moth larvae with fungi to form.A large amount of worm sources at first will be arranged, and under field conditions (factors), this bat moth insect is subjected to the influence existence of environment relatively more difficult, and they select certain position procreation existence in order to hide harm on the grassland, be limited but only depend on natural propagation.Take can increase sharply its quantity of artificial propagation, the technology of artificial propagation is grasped at present substantially, can hatch to breed the stronger high-quality worm source of resistivity, also can carry out total man worker and cultivate research, and this is a boundless development prospect.

No matter be the bat moth larvae of artificial propagation raising or natural propagation, return in the large natural environment putting, all can be faced with grave danger of natural enemy such as disease and pest to the small grub before burying.Common natural enemy has predations such as ant class, careless bat class, mountain butterfly class, birds, and the trampling the casualties and eat a large amount of larvas when pasturing by mistake of ox, flock of sheep.In addition, other pathologies and the fungi that also can take place in various degree cause in death, well imagine that the harm of natural enemies such as these disease and pests is big, the growth of Cordyceps sinensis is so difficult, and real is to the end successfully grown the very few of Cordyceps sinensis by China pilose spore fungi infestation.

2, increase the breeding quantity of bacterium, this bacterium is a kind of fungi, names to be " China pilose spore ", bat moth larvae infection of Chinese by hair spore bacterium after, mycelia is in polypide endoparasitism breeding, the bat moth larvae will slowly be fallen ill, stiff, dead, grow (stroma) grass on from the beginning at last.If there is not the infection of hirsutella sinensis fungal, the destiny of bat moth larvae has only two kinds of selections, and is a kind of rotten, dead by other courses of infection; Another kind is that larva becomes pupa after aging, pupa hatching adult, egg reproduction offspring.

In order to improve the output of Cordyceps sinensis, a large amount of larvas and bacterial classification must be arranged, all be not all right if having worm not have bacterium or have bacterium not have worm.The resource atrophy of Tibet Cordyceps sinensis, output descend closely related with what of hirsutella sinensis fungal, make the bat moth larvae infect other germ less, only way has only the breeding quantity that increases hirsutella sinensis fungal, control bacterium with bacterium, go to defeat other germs with the hirsutella sinensis fungal of advantage, reduce the unnecessary death of bat moth larvae, could improve the output and the quality of Cordyceps sinensis.

The most important thing is at present to separate and filter out and have the high active China pilose spore bacterial classification of contaminating, breed large batch of microbial inoculum then, microbial inoculum is infected in the bat moth larvae body effectively again, reach the purpose that has more Chinese caterpillar fungus, this is the gordian technique that a step improves Tibet cordyceps yield and quality.

3, increase the happiness food plant of larva, make the bat larval growth that competent food source must be arranged, the bat moth larvae is a kind of heterophagous insect, and mainly be with larval feeding its all one's life, and pupa, adult do not eat food.The bat moth larvae likes best eats polygonaceae and leguminous plants, as Cyperaceae, composite family, pulse family, umbelliferae, Liliaceae, serpentgrass, Herba Polygoni Capitati, root and rhizome of Forrest Rhubarb, lance asiabell root etc.Habitat of bat moth insect and the kind of these plants and density all have confidential relation.

The bat moth larvae at first is to eat the leaf of plant on the ground, and it is interim to treat that temperature drops to frost and snow, and larva begins to bury and eats tender fibrous root and the stem of plant, generally no longer climbs out of native face after larva buries, and pupates or goes out grass until aging.

Want to increase the quantity of bat moth larvae, just must cultivate it more and like the plant that eats, be those irrelevant or be harmful to and be unfavorable for that again the plant of larval growth disposes, just help the growth of bat moth larvae.

4, reduce disease and pest harm, the harm of disease and pest mainly occurred between the larval stage of bat moth, the general firm small grub that hatches, and the strong bullying the weak will to run into other.In the larvae development process, particularly before burying, all can be eaten up by natural enemies such as ox, sheep, birds, muroid, marmot, caterpillars, these harm have reduced the quantity of bat moth larvae greatly.Often can run into courses of infection again after burying, as various bacteriums, virus and other fungi, these germs are movable throughout the year in the soil ulmin of soil, in case infected these germs of bat moth larvae will be fallen ill, skin ulceration occurs, death has seriously caused the minimizing of Cordyceps sinensis resource.

In order to prevent and treat and reduce the generation of disease and pest, should take the manual catching and killing to administer to the natural enemy aspect, harm is dropped to minimum level.To germ harm aspect, mainly be the infective dose that strengthens hirsutella sinensis fungal, stay chance for other germs, go to defeat other harmful germ with this useful fungi, thereby improve surviving rate, promote the growth of Cordyceps sinensis.

5, reduce unordered excavating, because the driving of Cordyceps sinensis economic interests unordered over-drastic just occurred and excavated, this is the major reason that causes the Cordyceps sinensis a resource shrinkage.

Cordyceps sinensis is being bred down naturally, main by sophisticated spore propagation, become the mycelia of China pilose spore to infect the larva of bat moth by spore germination, people are often when excavating Cordyceps sinensis, when all also producing, this spore just do not scooped away in advance, excessively excavate and just do not stay sophisticated Cordyceps sinensis, just there is not spore to propagate yet, therefore just reduced the propagation chance of hirsutella sinensis fungal greatly, the infection rate of bat moth larvae has just reduced year by year, and growing of Cordyceps sinensis just is restricted.

In order to obtain more Cordyceps sinensis,, stay certain Cordyceps sinensis quantity as long as not unorderedly excessively excavate, allow its ripe back produce spore, just favourable to follow-on breeding, otherwise bacterium is fewer and feweri, Duo worm is all inoperative again, and this point can be accomplished fully.

6, reduce overgraze, in the Qinghai-Tibet Platean, people mainly make a living by herding and excavate Chinese caterpillar fungus, this will handle the relation of neglecting neither with the Cordyceps sinensis growth of herding well, you do not look down upon the overgraze harm that growth brings to Cordyceps sinensis, the one, at the larva of bat moth bury early stage, pupa time, spawning time and the just small grub of hatching, all can suffer cattle and sheep in groups to trample death, the 2nd, a large amount of larva of wedging when the bat moth larvae phase all can be pastured by cattle and sheep on plant or meadow.Therefore overgraze is the immediate cause that reduces the bat moth larvae, and this is human invisible loss.

Solve herd and Cordyceps sinensis between contradiction, can divide according to the regional advantages on grassland, we know that Cordyceps sinensis distribution density on a mountain is all different, relatively concentrate in density and to abound with that lot of Cordyceps sinensis, can once not allow with the fence shelves and herd or cattle and sheep enter, pastoral area and Chinese caterpillar fungus are distinguished, can reduce the loss of larva like this, improve the quantity of larva greatly, do not influence again and herd, this can accomplish fully.

Emphasis of the present invention is to solve the edge that Qinghai Tibet plateau cordyceps is in extinction in imminent danger, and present method is to improve the output and the quality of Cordyceps sinensis, the protection eubiosis.

The objective of the invention is to promote the Qinghai Tibet plateau cordyceps resources, regional economy such as development Tibet, the offspring benefits future generations.

Key of the present invention is to take the method for 3 increases and 3 minimizings to improve the output and the quality of Cordyceps sinensis, promotes socio-economic development.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of method that can increase the breeding quantity of insect adopts artificial incubation, raises the bat moth larvae, under 18-20 ℃ of conditions, allows adult lay eggs, and the hatching small grub through after the artificial breeding, is put into the natural grassland of Chinese caterpillar fungus suitable habitat.

2, a kind of method that increases culture propagation quantity goes out the China pilose spore bacterial classification by artificial culture, and carries out liquid or spore discharges to the bat moth larvae, allows it infect this bacterium.

3, a kind of increase insect is liked phytophagous method, generally plants such as Cordyceps sinensis place of production sowing or cultivation polygonaceae plant, lance asiabell root, composite family, pulse families, allows bat moth insect healthy growth.

4, a kind of method that reduces disease and pest harm to the natural enemy birds on the grassland, muroid, caterpillar, take medicine, food to catch and kill elimination, to various bacteriums, germ, adopts and strengthens the China pilose spore microbial inoculum, and is antibiotic with bacterium, promotes the Cordyceps sinensis growth.

5, a kind ofly reducing unordered method of excavating, is to take effective means control, carries out and divides season, region-by-region, provides Chinese caterpillar fungus and excavates the card management, stays certain seed and breeds.

6, a kind of method that reduces overgraze is to abound with the district at Cordyceps sinensis to establish fence, does not allow cattle and sheep enter to trample, and reduces the method for the larva casualties.