CN101404965B - 一种伤口敷料 - Google Patents

一种伤口敷料 Download PDF

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CN101404965B
CN101404965B CN2006800539805A CN200680053980A CN101404965B CN 101404965 B CN101404965 B CN 101404965B CN 2006800539805 A CN2006800539805 A CN 2006800539805A CN 200680053980 A CN200680053980 A CN 200680053980A CN 101404965 B CN101404965 B CN 101404965B
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wound dressing
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福德瑞克·杰克贝斯·慕唐
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种伤口敷料(10)。该伤口敷料包含第一和第二吸收层(12,14),该第一和第二吸收层中每一层都由无纺布粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维组成,每一吸收层都有可操作内面(20,26)和可操作外面(18,22),第一和第二吸收层由其可操作内面面对面地粘接起来,这样吸收层就共同形成一个衬垫。第一和第二吸收层的粘接通过针刺处理实现,其中针刺密度不超过400针刺(punches)/cm2。吸收敷料还包括夹在第一和第二吸收层之间并与之粘接的第三层(16)。第三层为棉纱布的形式。本发明还涉及一种伤口敷料的制备方法和一种处理伤口的方法。

Description

一种伤口敷料
本发明涉及一种伤口敷料。同时还涉及一种伤口敷料的制备方法和一种处理伤口的方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了一种伤口敷料,该伤口敷料包含第一和第二吸收层,该第一和第二吸收层中每一层都由无纺布粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维组成,每一吸收层都有可操作内面和可操作外面,第一和第二吸收层由其可操作内面面对面地粘接起来,以及夹在第一和第二吸收层之间并与第一和第二吸收层粘接的由棉纤维制成的第三层,这样两个吸收层和第三层共同形成一个三层叠状衬垫,第一、第二和第三吸收层的粘接通过针刺处理实现,其中针刺密度不超过400针刺(punches)/cm2
第一和第二吸收层都为针刺处理的纤维棉絮或纤维护垫的形式。
第一和第二吸收层中每一层可由体积百分比为60-80%的粘胶纤维和体积百分比20-40%的聚酯纤维组成。更加优选的,第一和第二吸收层中每一层可由体积百分比约为70%的粘胶纤维和提及百分比约为30%的聚酯纤维组成。
针刺处理的针刺密度为300-350针刺(punches)/cm2(即3000000-3500000针刺(punches)/m2)。
第一和第二吸收层的粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维纤度为2-2.5但尼尔。
第一和第二吸收层的粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维长度为4.5-5.5cm,如约5cm(即约0.05m)。粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维为多孔纤维。
第一和第二吸收层中每一层单位面积的重量为280-320g/m2,如300g/m2(即0.3kg/m2)。
第三层由所述棉纤维或棉线制成。第三层因此也是吸收性的。第三层为棉纱布的形式。第三层的纤维密度或棉线密度为115-125线/平方英寸,如120线/平方英寸。第三层的棉纱支数为35-45,如40。第三层的单位面积重量为55-65g/m2,如60g/m2(即0.06kg/m2)。
伤口敷料的单位面积重量为615-705g/m2,如660g/m2。伤口敷料的厚度不超过3.5mm,如厚度为约2.8-3mm(即约0.028-0.03m)。
第一和第二吸收层中至少一层中的可操作外面经过热处理过程,以为所述可操作外面提供基本上平滑的表面。第一和第二吸收层中两层的可操作外面都经过热处理过程,这样所述可操作的外面具有基本上平滑的表面;相应的,敷料的外面也具有基本上平滑的表面。因此伤口敷料可以任一可操作外面面向伤口或与伤口接触。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供一种制备伤口敷料的方法,该方法包括:
用针织机制备两个针刺处理的由粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维组成的纤维棉絮,每一个棉絮都有可操作内面和可操作外面;
将两个纤维棉絮定位,以使其中可操作内面面对面;
在两个纤维棉絮之间夹入棉纱层;和
由针刺处理将两个纤维棉絮以及夹在其间的棉纱层粘接在一起,其中针刺密度不超过400针刺(punches)/cm2,这样两个纤维棉絮共同形成一个三层叠状衬垫。
两个纤维棉絮中每一个都由60-80%的粘胶纤维和20-40%的聚酯纤维组成。优选的,两个纤维棉絮中每一个都由约70%的粘胶纤维和约30%的聚酯纤维组成。
将两个纤维棉絮粘接在一起的针刺处理的针刺密度为300-350针刺(punches)/cm2
制备两个纤维棉絮的纤维纤度为2-2.5但尼尔。制备两个纤维棉絮的纤维长度为4.5-5.5cm,如约5cm。制备两个纤维棉絮的粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维都为无孔纤维。两个纤维棉絮中每一个单位面积的重量为280-320g/m2,如约300g/m2
棉纱层可由棉纤维或棉线制备,该层中纤维或线的密度为115-125线/平方英寸,如120线/平方英寸。棉纱层的棉纱支数为35-45,如40。棉纱层单位面积的重量为55-65g/m2,如60g/m2
所制备的三层叠状衬垫单位面积的重量为615-705g/m2,如660g/m2
所制备的叠状衬垫厚度不超过3.5mm,如厚度为约2.8-3mm。
该方法还可以包括对两个纤维棉絮中至少一个的可操作外面进行热处理,以为该可操作外面提供基本上平滑的表面。有利地是,该方法还包括对两个纤维棉絮中每一个可操作外面都进行热处理,这样所述可操作的外面具有基本上平滑的表面;相应的,叠状衬垫的外面也具有基本上平滑的表面。
根据本发明的又一个方面,本发明还提供一种治疗伤口的方法,该方法包括将上述伤口敷料覆于伤口上。
根据本发明的再一个方面,本发明提供一种治疗伤口的方法,该方法包括将上述方法制备的伤口敷料覆于伤口上。
下面本发明通过非限定性实施例并结合简图进行描述。
图中:
图1是根据本发明的伤口敷料的正面示意图;
图2是根据本发明的伤口敷料在图1中II-II方向上的横断面示意图;
图3是根据本发明的伤口敷料的制备方法的部分流程示意图。
参照图1和图2,根据本发明的伤口敷料通常由参考数字10表示。为清晰起见,伤口敷料10的厚度在图2中被放大。伤口敷料10为矩形叠状衬垫形式,其包括第一和第二吸收层12,14以及在夹在第一和第二吸收层12,14中间并与之粘接的第三层16。通过以下详述的针刺处理将三层12,14,16粘接在一起。
第一和第二吸收层12,14中的每一层都为无纺布纤维,都由体积比约为70%的粘胶纤维和体积比约为30%的聚酯纤维组成。粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维都为多孔纤维,其中纤维长度为约5.08cm(2英寸),纤度为2-2.5但尼尔。并且,第一和第二吸收层12,14中的每一层单位面积的重量为约300g/m2
第三层16由100%的棉纤维或棉线组成,并为棉纱形式,第三层16的纤维密度或线密度为约120线/平方英寸。第三层16的棉纱支数为40,单位面积的重量为约60g/m2
因此伤口敷料10单位面积的总重量为约660g/m2,总厚度为约2.8-3mm。
特别地是,第一和第二吸收层12,14中的每一层都为纤维棉絮或纤维护垫的形式。第一吸收层12包括可操作外面18和可操作内面20,第二吸收层14包括可操作外面22和可操作内面24。固定第一和第二吸收层12,14以使其可操作内面20,24面对面,而且第三层16与第一和第二吸收层12,14的可操作内面20,24接触。三层12,14,16共同形成三层叠状衬垫或主体。
如上所述,第一和第二吸收层12,14和第三层16通过针刺处理粘接在一起,将层12,14,16粘接在一起的针刺处理的针刺密度为约300-350针刺(punches)/cm2。并且,第一和第二吸收层12,14的可操作外层18,22经过热处理,以给伤口敷料10提供基本上平滑和非粘性外面,下述有关制备伤口敷料10的详述将使其更加明晰。
在另一个实施例中(未图示),可省略第三层16,此时第一和第二吸收层12,14粘接在一起,以使可操作内面20,24相互接触。
图3是根据本发明的伤口敷料制备方法的步骤流程图。图中,方框30表示混合步骤,其中吸收层12,14中的每层都由70%的粘胶纤维和30%的聚酯纤维制备并将其混合。接着混合后的纤维沿着示意流程线32移至方框34表示的尺寸缩小步骤,其中尺寸缩小步骤中混合纤维束的尺寸会缩小。尺寸缩小之后,纤维束沿着示意流程线36移向由方框38表示的梳理步骤,梳理步骤中梳理并松开纤维,以将其整理成含有基本为平行纤维的纤维网中。梳理之后,纤维网沿着示意线40移向以方框42表示的交叉铺网步骤。在交叉铺网步骤中形成纤维网,通过加层获得所需的无纺布重量。交叉铺网之后,纤维网沿着示意流程线44移向产生针刺作用的针织机以将纤维网的纤维粘接在一起。
在本实施例中,吸收层12,14中的每一层形成的纤维网经过4个针刺步骤,不同的针刺步骤分别用方框46,50,54和58示意表示。因此,纤维经过4个针板。在本实施例中,实现针刺作用的针织机是一有4个针板的缩绒织机,这样纤维网仅需送入针织机一次。流程线48,52和56示意表示纤维网分别从针刺步骤46移至针刺步骤50,从针刺步骤50移至针刺步骤54,和从针刺步骤54移至针刺步骤58。
针织机的每一个针板都为0.25m宽和1m长,并且装有4,000根针。因此,每个针板有16,000针/线性米(linear meter)。每个针的直径为0.58mm,有锥形或图锥形尖头并有9个倒刺。纤维网以3米/分的速度送入针织机中,每个针板的针刺频率为800-1,000针刺(punches)/分。取决于针刺频率,在针刺步骤46,50,54,58中可获得300-427针刺(punches)/cm2的针刺密度。经过针刺步骤46,50,54,58的纤维网因此获得纤维棉絮或纤维护垫,其总针刺密度为约1,200-1,707钟刺(punches)/cm2
在第一个针刺步骤46中,针刺入纤维网的深度为约5.4mm,在第二个针刺步骤50中,针刺入的深度为约4.6mm,在第三个针刺步骤54中,针刺入的深度为约4.3mm,在第四个和最后一个针刺步骤58中,针刺入的深度为约3.2mm。
如上所述,一旦纤维网经过上述针刺步骤,就会形成纤维棉絮或纤维护垫。如果需要,所述纤维棉絮接着会沿着示意流程线60移向以方框62表示的化学处理步骤,在此纤维棉絮经过化学处理。棉絮经过上述化学处理之后,纤维棉絮的一个主面,即要形成第一和第二吸收层12,14的可操作外面18,22的一个面,进入热处理步骤,以为纤维护垫的上述外面提供一个平滑、相对无起毛和非粘性的表面。纤维网从化学处理步骤62至热处理步骤的移动由示意流程线64表示,该热处理步骤由方框66表示。如果纤维棉絮的化学处理不需要,正如本实施例中一样,就从针刺步骤58直接移向热处理步骤66。上述热处理之后,纤维棉絮接着会沿着示意流程线68移向由方框70表示的缠绕和梳理步骤,在此棉絮被切至所需的宽度并绕进滚轮中。
第三层棉纱层16通过传统棉纱制备方法制备,因此其制备方法在此不予描述。
再回至图3的流程图中,示意流程线72表示所制纤维棉絮的两个卷轴移向由方框74表示的压条步骤,在此将棉纱层16夹在第一和第二吸收层12,14之间,其中第一和第二吸收层中的每一层都为上述纤维棉絮的形式。特别地是,纤维棉絮或吸收层12,14定位至其平滑面或平滑表面--即经过热处理的面或表面--可操作地面向外部。当三层12,14,16夹层后,其沿着示意流程线76移向针织机,该针织机实现由方框78表示的粘接针刺步骤。用于粘接针刺步骤78的针织机有一个针板。因此通过由方框78表示的针刺步骤而将三层粘接起来。在粘接针刺步骤78中,使用的进料率、针板上的针型和针数以及针板的尺寸都与针刺步骤46,50,54,58中所使用的相同。在粘接针刺步骤78过程中,针板的刺频使得获得的粘接刺密度为约300-350针刺(punches)/cm2。粘接针刺步骤78之后,就会得到为三层叠状衬垫形式的片材。接着叠状衬垫或片材沿着示意流程线80移向由方框82表示的切割步骤,在此其被切割成所需尺寸的伤口敷料10。伤口敷料10被切割成所需尺寸之后,沿着示意流程线84移向包装台86,在此其被包装,一般被分别装入密封包装。包装后的伤口敷料接着沿着示意流程线移向由方框90表示的消毒步骤,在此以传统方式对包装伤口敷料进行消毒。
很自然地,并非制备本发明伤口敷料的前述步骤都需要在同一生产线上进行。事实上,甚至并非所有步骤都需要在同一地点或制备车间进行。
就第一和第二吸收层12,14的制备方法来说,虽然该方法已结合含有4个针板的针织机在前进行了描述,但是可以理解含有单个针板的针织机同样可以优先使用,在此期间纤维网将通过针织机4次。
通过使用前述的方法和原料,可以获得厚度为约2.8-3mm的伤口敷料。
本发明描述和示例性地提供了一种伤口敷料,该敷料可以用于包覆很多类型的伤口,该伤口包括但不限于人类和动物的烧伤、感染伤、外伤、糖尿病足伤、外肿瘤伤、霉菌伤、与HIV相关的伤、压痛、腿溃疡、麻风伤、截肢伤口、慢性伤口和表皮伤。使用本发明的敷料时,并不限于表面伤口,同样还可以插入深伤口或切口中。并且,本发明的伤口敷料可被切成任意所需的尺寸或形状,同时又不影响其性能。
多孔粘胶纤维有高吸湿性和高透气性。反过来,聚酯纤维相对坚韧并有高耐磨性。除此之外,聚酯纤维经过热处理之后具有保留平滑面的性能。因为本伤口敷料的吸收层12,14为粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维的结合,在具有透气性的同时,外层12,14中的每一层都有优越的吸湿性,因此得到相对坚韧并有高吸湿性的伤口敷料。进一步,因为无孔粘胶纤维有柔软性,所以伤口敷料10相对柔软并因此帮助使用本发明伤口敷料的患者消除不适感。
本发明的伤口敷料,凭借其特殊的结构和制备方法,不仅可以吸收伤口分泌物,并且因为敷料结构中有毛细管填塞物而可以使分泌物和细菌远离伤口。进一步,本发明的敷料,因为所述的毛细管作用,可以针对被认为是致命伤的伤口,即该伤口不会产生湿气或液体。而且,该敷料可以保留吸收的分泌物,这样吸收的湿气不会从中泄露或渗出。
进一步,因为该伤口敷料10的两个外表面经上述热处理后都为平滑的,因此该敷料没有方向性,即其可以任一面与伤口接触。因为敷料的外表面为相对非粘性的,所以本发明的敷料在处理伤口时可以舒适地与油膏共同使用。
即经过热处理的面或表面--可操作地面向外部。当三层12,14,16夹层后,其沿着示意流程线76移向针织机,该针织机实现由方框78表示的粘接针刺步骤。用于粘接针刺步骤78的针织机有一个针板。因此通过由方
本发明的两个或多个敷料可以一个接一个地堆起来,或互相接触地放在一起以交迭,这样其中仅有一个或多个与所需处理的伤口直接接触。有时当许多敷料同时使用时,只有其中一个直接与伤口接触,分泌物和细菌借助毛细管作用将从与伤口直接接触的敷料移向与另一个敷料或其他敷料,该敷料或者直接与上述直接接触伤口的数料接触,或通过中间的一个或多个敷料与上述直接接触伤口的敷料接触。
因此本发明描述和示例性地提供了一种伤口敷料,该敷料不仅有良好的吸收性能,还可以将所吸收的包括细菌的分泌物远离所处理的伤口,这正是加速伤口愈合所重视的。

Claims (13)

1.一种伤口敷料,该伤口敷料包含第一和第二吸收层,该第一和第二吸收层中每一层都由无纺布粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维组成,每一吸收层都有可操作内面和可操作外面,第一和第二吸收层由其可操作内面面对面地粘接起来,以及夹在第一和第二吸收层之间并与第一和第二吸收层粘接的由棉纤维制成的第三层,这样两个吸收层和第三层共同形成一个三层叠状衬垫;第一、第二吸收层和第三层的粘接通过针刺处理实现,其中针刺密度为300-350针刺/cm2;其中第一和第二吸收层中每一层都由60-80%的粘胶纤维和20-40%的聚酯纤维组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的伤口敷料,其中第一和第二吸收层中每一层都由70%的粘胶纤维和30%的聚酯纤维组成。
3.如权利要求1所述的伤口敷料,其中第一和第二吸收层的粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维纤度为2-2.5但尼尔。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的伤口敷料,其中第三层为棉纱布的形式。
5.如权利要求4所述的伤口敷料,其中第三层棉纱布的棉纱支数为35-45。
6.如权利要求4所述的伤口敷料,其中第三层的单位面积重量为55-65g/m2
7.如权利要求6所述的伤口敷料,其中三层叠状衬垫单位面积重量为615-705g/m2
8.一种制备伤口敷料的方法,该方法包括:
用针织机制备两个针刺处理的由粘胶纤维和聚酯纤维组成的纤维棉絮,每一个棉絮都有可操作内面和可操作外面;将两个纤维棉絮定位,以使其中可操作内面面对面;在两个纤维棉絮之间夹入棉纱层;和由针刺处理将两个纤维棉絮以及夹在其间的棉纱层粘接在一起,其中针刺密度为300-350针刺/cm2,这样两个纤维棉絮与棉纱层共同形成一个三层叠状衬垫;其中两个纤维棉絮中每一个都由60-80%的粘胶纤维和20-40%的聚酯纤维组成。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备伤口敷料的方法,其中两个纤维棉絮中每一个都由70%的粘胶纤维和30%的聚酯纤维组成。
10.如权利要求8所述的制备伤口敷料的方法,其中制备两个纤维棉絮的纤维纤度为2-2.5但尼尔。
11.如权利要求8所述的制备伤口敷料的方法,其中棉纱层的棉纱支数为35-45。
12.如权利要求8所述的制备伤口敷料的方法,其中棉纱层单位面积的重量为55-65g/m2
13.如权利要求12所述的制备伤口敷料的方法,其中所制备的三层叠状衬垫单位面积的重量为615-705g/m2
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RU2008134382A (ru) 2010-02-27
CN101404965A (zh) 2009-04-08
ZA200600686B (en) 2006-04-26
CA2640197A1 (en) 2007-08-02
EP1983950B1 (en) 2009-12-02
WO2007085884A1 (en) 2007-08-02
DK1983950T3 (da) 2010-04-19
EP1983950A1 (en) 2008-10-29
PL1983950T3 (pl) 2010-05-31
KR101328792B1 (ko) 2013-11-13
CA2640197C (en) 2013-08-13
JP2009523591A (ja) 2009-06-25
US20090221946A1 (en) 2009-09-03
PT1983950E (pt) 2010-03-09
KR20090007684A (ko) 2009-01-20
RU2428156C2 (ru) 2011-09-10
AU2006336843B2 (en) 2012-02-23
NZ570762A (en) 2010-02-26
AP2008004584A0 (en) 2008-08-31
ES2338916T3 (es) 2010-05-13
AU2006336843A1 (en) 2007-08-02
ATE450236T1 (de) 2009-12-15
US8088964B2 (en) 2012-01-03
AP2392A (en) 2012-03-30
DE602006010911D1 (de) 2010-01-14

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