CN101402311A - 车身压力释放系统 - Google Patents

车身压力释放系统 Download PDF

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CN101402311A
CN101402311A CNA2008101681758A CN200810168175A CN101402311A CN 101402311 A CN101402311 A CN 101402311A CN A2008101681758 A CNA2008101681758 A CN A2008101681758A CN 200810168175 A CN200810168175 A CN 200810168175A CN 101402311 A CN101402311 A CN 101402311A
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air flow
flow duct
battery pack
air
vehicle body
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CN101402311B (zh
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G·A·马约尔
C·C·尼霍尔特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Abstract

公开了用于包括客舱的车辆的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统。该系统包括连接在客舱和电池组之间的进气空气流动管道和连接在废气出口和车身压力释放阀之间的空气流动管道。该系统包括单向客舱压力释放孔，该单向客舱压力释放孔连接到空气流动管道并设置为选择性地允许空气流入该空气流动管道；并且包括管道压力释放孔，该压力释放孔连接到空气流动管道并设置为选择性地允许空气流出该空气流动管道流入车辆。

Description

车身压力释放系统
技术领域
[0001]本发明总的涉及用于机动车辆的车身压力释放系统，尤其涉及用于带有电池组的机动车辆的车身压力释放系统。
背景技术
[0002]某些新型的机动车辆是由电动机推进的，例如燃料电池、混合电动车辆或者纯电动车辆。这些车辆包括用来存储用于驱动电动机的电荷的电池组。可能出现流入或流出电池组的相当大量的能量，这可将电池组的温度提升到高于所希望的级别。因此，这些车辆中的某一些使用各种技术来冷却电池组。因为产生了冷却电池组的额外费用和复杂性，因此希望以最有效和最低廉的可行方式来冷却电池组。
[0003]此外，因为某些车辆是以除混合电动车型号之外的传统传动系装置(没有电池组)出售，希望使两种类型之间的车身变化最小，同时仍能提供两种类型车辆的适当功能。
发明内容
[0004]实施例考虑到用于带有客舱的车辆的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统。该系统可包括：带有与客舱流体连通的电池模块空气进口的进气空气流动管道；电池组，所述电池组与进气空气流动管道连接并流体连通且包括废气出口；单向车身压力释放孔，所述单向车身压力释放孔设置为选择性地允许气流排放到车辆外部大气；空气流动管道，所述空气流动管道连接在废气出口和车身压力释放阀之间；和单向客舱压力释放孔，所述单向客舱压力释放孔连接到空气流动管道并设置为选择性地允许空气流入空气流动管道。
[0005]实施例考虑到用于带有客舱的车辆的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统。该系统可包括：带有与客舱流体连通的电池模块空气进口的进气空气流动管道；电池组，所述与进气空气流动管道连接并流体连通的且包括废气出口；单向车身压力释放孔，所述单向车身压力释放孔设置为选择性地允许气流排放到车辆外部大气；空气流动管道，所述空气流动管道连接在废气出口和车身压力释放阀之间；和管道压力释放孔，所述管道压力释放孔选择性地接合空气流动管道从而选择性地允许空气从空气流动管道流入车辆。
[0006]实施例考虑到控制空气流入和流出车辆客舱和空气流经电池模块的电池组的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：与经过HVAC模块的气流协调控制电池组鼓风机的速度；选择性地允许空气从车辆内部经由客舱压力释放孔流入连接在电池组和单向车身压力释放孔之间的空气流动管道的单向流动；选择性地允许空气从空气流动管道经由车身压力释放孔流到车辆外部大气的单向流动；和通过进气空气流动管道将空气从客舱内部吸到电池组。
[0007]实施例的优势在于电池冷却/加热和客舱压力释放都能实现而不需要额外的车身压力释放孔。因此，对于车辆的传统动力系统形式和车辆的混合、燃料电池或电动形式，只需要一个车身压力释放孔。对于客舱来说没有增加额外车身压力释放孔所需要的车身改进-避免加工成本，这些成本可能是改变车身面板从而在车辆的混合或电动形式中包括第二车身压力释放孔而导致的。
[0008]实施例的优势在于离开电池组的热空气可以再循环到客舱从而减少客舱加热的HVAC模块上的载荷。
[0009]实施例的优势在于从电池组经由气流通道流向车身压力释放孔的空气减少了灰尘和气体侵入电池组的机会。
[0010]实施例的优势在于不需要对电池热空气路径进行额外的过滤或脱水，因为当空气进入客舱之前进行冷却时，已有的HVAC模块已经做过了。
附图说明
[0011]图1是根据第一实施例的机动车辆的示意性侧面正视图。
[0012]图2是根据第一实施例的机动车辆的部分示意性平面图。
[0013]图3是与图2类似的示意性平面图，但是显示了第二实施例。
[0014]图4是与图2类似的示意性平面图，但是显示了第三实施例。
具体实施方式
[0015]图1-2图示了根据第一实施例的车辆10。车辆10包括客舱12，包含发动机、电动机或燃料电池(未示出)的前部14，和后部16，后部16可能是车尾行李箱(对于轿车来说)或者后部的后备箱(如果是运动型车辆、旅行车或类似类型的车辆)并包含电池模块18。基本的车辆结构可能是采用电池模块18的混合电动、电动或其他类似形式的车辆推进结构。电池模块18可以封装在轿车的车尾行李箱中，或者汽车内装璜的后面或者旅行车或运动型车辆的后部车厢的行李箱地板下方。
[0016]客舱12包括前座20和后座22。行李架24(或者内装璜的行李箱地板，如果不是轿车的话)位于后座22的后方并且包括的电池模块空气进口26，该空气进口可被设计为仅仅允许沿一个方向-流出客舱12。空气进口26包括进口碎屑滤网(debris screen)28。
[0017]仪表板32可以位于客舱12中并且包括安装在其后方或下方的加热、通风和空调(HVAC)模块34。HVAC模块34还包括HVAC模块控制器54。HVAC模块控制器54还可以通过通讯线路68与电池组控制器70通讯。图1中的通讯线路通过虚线表示并且可以通过铜、光纤、无线电波传动装置或用于传送这些信号的任何其他合适装置来传送信号。电池组控制器70可以是电池模块18的一部分，或者可选择地与HVAC模块控制器54或其他车辆控制器(未示出)一体形成。电池模块18还包括温度传感器(未示出)，该温度传感器与HVAC控制器54通讯来提供与电池组80中的温度有关的输入。电池组鼓风机76和加热器77可以通过HVAC控制器54或者可替换地通过电池组控制器70来控制。电池组鼓风机76可以位于电池组80中或者与电池组80分开，但是位于进气空气流动管道72中并通过作为车身压力释放系统30的一部分的进气空气流动管道72连接。
[0018]车身压力释放系统30不仅包括连接在电池空气进口26和电池组80之间的进气空气流动管道72，还包括从电池组80的废气出口74直接延伸到车身压力释放孔82的空气流动管道78。客舱压力释放孔84添加到空气流动管道78的侧面。客舱压力释放孔84是单向阀，由于车门或者HVAC模块34处于外部空气模式(从车辆外部带入新鲜空气)，该单向阀为空气排出车辆提供空气通道。
[0019]上述讨论的包括HVAC模块34、电池模块18和车身压力释放系统30的车辆10可以各种模式进行操作从而提供与冷却或加热客舱12和冷却电池组18有关的多种不同功能。在各种操作模式中气流的可能方向由图1和2中所示的虚线箭头来表示。
[0020]在一种操作模式下，空气通过HVAC模块34吸入车辆10，冷却然后引入客舱12。电池组鼓风机76经由电池模块空气进口26和进气空气流动管道72从客舱12吸取冷空气。然后空气流动通过电池组80来冷却电池并通过废气入口74流出进入空气流动管道78。当空气流动管道78中的压力增加到高于大气压力的一定值时，单向车身压力释放孔82打开，允许空气流出车辆10进入大气。客舱压力释放孔84是单向阀，因此空气不能从空气流动管道78流入车辆的后部16。由HVAC模块控制器54和电池组控制器70对鼓风机速度的协调确保可以避免负的客舱空气压力。例如，这可以通过调整HVAC模块鼓风机速度，调整再循环空气与吸入HVAC模块34中的新鲜空气的对比量或者两者的结合来实现。
[0021]在另一种操作模式下，气流通道是相同的，但是HVAC模块34、电池组加热器77或者两者都在空气经过电池组80之前加热空气。
[0022]此外，对于车门关闭模式，过多的客舱空气压力将流经客舱压力释放孔84并经由车身压力释放孔82流出。那么利用这个实施例，电池冷却/加热和客舱压力释放都可以实现而不需要额外的车身压力释放孔。因此，对于车辆10的传统动力系统和车辆的混合或电动形式，只需要一个车身压力释放孔。
[0023]图3图示了第二实施例。因为这个实施例与第一实施例类似，相同附图标记将用于相同的元件，但是采用100系列的数字。用于车身压力释放系统130的气流通道仍旧包括位于客舱112和进气空气流动管道172之间的电池模块空气进口126和在电池组180的废气出口174和车身压力释放孔182之间延伸的空气流动管道178。然而，除了客舱压力释放孔184，还有安装到空气流动管道178的被动管道压力释放孔188。
[0024]由于车门或者VAC模块(图1中所示)从车辆110外部吸入空气H，客舱压力释放孔184仍旧为空气提供通过车身压力释放孔182离开车辆110的空气通道。被动管道压力释放孔188是朝向与客舱压力释放孔184相反方向的单向阀，因此在压差高于预定值时允许空气排出电池组180进入客舱112。具有被动管道压力释放孔减少或者排除协调电池组鼓风机176的速度和HVAC模块中鼓风机速度的需要。此外，当加热电池时，离开电池组180的热空气可以再循环至客舱112从而减少用于客舱加热的HVAC模块上的载荷。返回到客舱112的气流百分比可以通过每个释放孔182，188打开时的相对压差来控制。被动管道压力释放孔188相对于车身压力释放孔182的临界值越低，返回到客舱112的气流越多。
[0025]图4图示了第三实施例。因为这个实施例与第二实施例类似，相同的附图标记将用于相同的元件，但是采用200系列的数字。车身压力释放系统230与第二实施例类似，但是用主动管道压力释放孔290代替被动管道压力释放孔。客舱压力释放孔284可以保留被动出口。主动管道压力释放孔290可以通过HVAC模块控制器(图1中所示)或者电池组控制器270来控制。通过这种方式，通过进气空气流动管道272和电池组280吸入的空气可以被选择性地引导为通过车身压力释放孔280或者通过主动管道压力释放孔290流出。这允许在将空气从空气流动管道278重新引导返回到客舱212时进行控制。
[0026]尽管已经详细描述了本发明的某些实施例，但是本发明所属领域的技术人员会认识到由所附权利要求范围所限定的实现本发明的各种可选设计和实施方式。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于包括客舱的车辆的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括：
进气空气流动管道，所述进气空气流动管道包括与客舱流体连通的电池模块空气进口；
电池组，所述电池组连接到该进气空气流动管道并与该进气空气流动管道流体连通，并且包括废气出口；
单向车身压力释放孔，所述单向车身压力释放孔设置为选择性地允许空气流向车辆外部的大气；
空气流动管道，所述空气流动管道连接在该废气出口和车身压力释放阀之间；和
单向客舱压力释放孔，所述单向客舱压力释放孔连接到该空气流动管道并设置为有选择地允许空气流入该空气流动管道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括单向被动管道压力释放孔，该被动管道压力释放孔连接到空气流动管道并设置为选择性地允许空气流出该空气流动管道进入车辆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括连接到该空气流动管道的主动管道压力释放孔、和控制器，该控制器可操作地接合该主动压力释放孔从而选择性地允许空气从该空气流动管道流入车辆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括设置为选择性地通过该进气空气流动管道吸入空气的电池组鼓风机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括设置为与HVAC模块协调控制该电池组鼓风机的控制器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括设置为选择性地加热流过该电池组的空气的电池组加热器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括安装在该进气空气流动管道的电池模块空气进口处的进口滤网。
8.一种用于包括客舱的车辆的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括：
进气空气流动管道，所述进气空气流动管道包括与客舱流体连通的电池模块空气进口；
电池组，所述电池组连接到该进气空气流动管道并与该进气空气流动管道流体连通，并且包括废气出口；
单向车身压力释放孔，所述单向车身压力释放孔设置为选择性地允许空气流向车辆外部的大气；
空气流动管道，所述空气流动管道连接在该废气出口和车身压力释放阀之间；和
管道压力释放孔，所述管道压力释放孔可操作地接合该空气流动管道从而选择性地允许空气从该空气流动管道流入车辆。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，其特征在于，该管道压力释放孔是单向被动管道压力释放孔。
10.根据权利要求8所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，其特征在于，该管道压力释放孔是连接到该空气流动管道的主动管道压力释放孔，并且控制器可操作地接合该主动压力释放孔从而选择性地允许空气从该空气流动管道流入车辆。
11.根据权利要求8所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括设置为选择性地通过该进气空气流动管道吸入空气的电池组鼓风机。
12.根据权利要求8所述的电池组冷却和车身压力释放系统，包括单向客舱压力释放孔，该单向客舱压力释放孔连接到该空气流动管道并设置为选择性地允许空气从车辆内部流入该空气流动管道。
13.一种控制空气流进流出车辆客舱和控制空气流经电池模块的电池组的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
与通过HVAC模块的气流协调地控制电池组鼓风机的速度；
选择性地允许空气从车辆内部通过客舱压力释放孔流入连接在该电池组和单向车身压力释放孔之间的空气流动管道的单向流动；
选择性地允许空气从该空气流动管道内部通过该车身压力释放孔到车辆外部大气的单向流动；和
通过进气空气流动管道从客舱内部吸入空气到电池组。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，包括以下步骤：选择性地允许空气从该空气流动管道内部通过被动管道压力释放孔到车辆内的单向流动。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，包括控制主动管道压力释放孔从而选择性地允许空气从该空气流动管道内部通过该主动管道压力释放孔流入车辆内的流动。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，吸入空气的步骤通过过滤从客舱流入该进气空气流动管道的空气来进一步限定。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，包括利用电池组加热器加热从该进气空气流动管道流入该电池组的空气。
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