CN101401569B - 环保型水稻田漂浮性农化制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
环保型水稻田漂浮性农化制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101401569B CN101401569B CN2008101435876A CN200810143587A CN101401569B CN 101401569 B CN101401569 B CN 101401569B CN 2008101435876 A CN2008101435876 A CN 2008101435876A CN 200810143587 A CN200810143587 A CN 200810143587A CN 101401569 B CN101401569 B CN 101401569B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保型水稻田漂浮性农化制剂的组成及其制造新工艺，属农药领域。该制剂由0.1—50％质量份数的除草剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂或植物生长调节剂活性成份与0.1—30％的微孔缓释剂以及99.8—20％的漂浮性载体复合而成。该制剂可节省有效成份70％以上，可直接撒施于水稻田水面。具有成本低、功效高、药效持久、安全、使用方便等特点，是一种环保型农化制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药制造领域。涉及水稻田除草剂、杀虫剂以及杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂及制备方法。
背景技术
目前，水稻田农化制剂剂型主要有：可湿性粉剂、颗粒剂、微粒剂、可溶性粉剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、泡腾剂等。这些制剂主剂含量高，有效成份利用率低，制备过程需要超微粉碎、造粒、或使用大量溶剂乳化，工艺复杂，能耗高，成本高，污染大。
为此，发明人在专利号为98112697.9专利中发明了一种农化制剂，即利用轻质颗粒材料复合有效成份制成化学漂浮剂。用它配制成水稻田用农化制剂，直接将漂浮剂撒施于水稻田水面，无需兑水喷施，或拌肥料、砂子、泥土撒施。大大减轻了劳动强度，提高了药效。但在实际生产应用中，仍然存在一些缺陷和不足，如制造颗粒大小不均匀，容易造成含量不稳定，使用时局部药效不一，且成本较高。因此，有待进一步改进，以更好地在生产中推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无需使用溶剂和有机缓释剂的环保型水稻田漂浮性农化制剂及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明农化制剂技术方案一：在原发明(专利号为98112697.9)基础上，农化制剂组分和质量份数配比作如下改进。1.将杀暝松或杀虫双或除草剂活性成份增改为除草剂活性成份或杀虫剂活性成份或杀菌剂活性成份或植物生长调节剂活性成份。2.用微孔活性物取代α、β、γ-环状糊精中的一种或它们的混合物或高渗酮，质量份数配比0.1％～40％。3.表观密度小于1的轻质载体+油性物质+表面活性剂+稳定剂的质量份数配比由99.8％～30％调整为99.8％～10％。
本发明农化制剂的技术方案二：组分和质量份数配比是：除草剂活性成份或杀虫剂活性成份或杀菌剂活性成份或植物生长调节剂活性成份0.1～50％；微孔活性物0.1～30％；表观密度小于1的轻质载体+油性物质+表面活性剂+稳定剂99.8％～10％；包膜剂0.1～10％。
上述农化制剂组分中除草剂活性成份是乙草胺、丙草胺、甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、丁草胺、扑草净、异丙隆、二甲戊灵、环庚草醚、醚磺隆、灭草松、禾草丹、异丙草胺、乙氧氟草醚、唑草酮、西草净、精恶唑禾草灵、氰氟草酯、恶草酮、五氟磺草胺、莎稗磷、乙氧磺隆、环酯草醚、禾草敌、双草醚、二氯喹啉酸、水扬酸双嘧啶、苯噻酰草胺、二甲四氯苯氧乙酸中的至少一种加上苄黄隆、甲黄隆、吡嘧磺隆、苯磺隆、解草啶、解草唑、骠马或咪唑磺隆中的一种或两种，它们的质量份数配比为1～100：0.1～100：0～100。
杀虫剂活性成份是：杀虫单、克百威、丁硫克百威、氟虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、杀螟松、福美甲胂、甲萘威—林丹，对硫磷、乐果、亚胺硫磷、杀虫双、氨基甲酸酯类、功夫、敌杀死等菊脂类等中的至少一种或两至三种复配，它们的质量份数配比为1～100：0.1～100：0～100。
杀菌剂活性成份是多菌灵：井冈霉素、托布津等中的至少一种或两至三种复配，它们的质量份数配比为1～100：0.1～100：0～100。
植物生长调节剂活性成份是：赤霉素、细胞分裂素、细胞激动素、助壮素、增产胺、取代苯氧酸类等中的至少一种或两至三种复配，它们的质量份数配比为1～100：0.1～100：0～100。
微孔活性物由珍珠岩、沸石、分子筛、硅藻土、海泡石、蛭石、尾矿砂、活性白土、活性炭、树脂经过活化处理制成的微孔物质。
包膜剂是壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇、废塑料—淀粉、木质素磺酸钠、黄腐酸、乳胶树脂。
表观密度小于1的载体是珍珠岩、蛭石、沸石、海泡石、膨胀蛭石、膨胀沸石、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀海泡石、膨胀粉煤灰、漂珠、高分子泡沫材料或粉碎玉米芯等颗粒或粉末，它们的粒度在5—1000μm之间。
所用的油性物质是石蜡油、甘油酯、动物油、植物油、锭子油、泵油或矿物油。
所用的表面活性剂是烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基磷酸脂、聚氧乙烯基醚、甘油脂肪酸脂，脱水山梨糖醇酯肪酸脂、木素磺酸盐、农乳600号、拉开粉或NNO。
稳定剂是硫酸钙、硫酸钡、硫酸二氢钾、沸石粉、邻苯二酚、连苯三酚、乙氧喹、丁基化羟基甲苯、或丁基化羟基苯酚。
本发明制备环保型水稻田漂浮性农化制剂方法一的步骤是：
(1)将99.8-10％的含有油性物质、表面活性剂、稳定剂及密度小于1的轻质颗粒制成漂浮性载体；
(2)将0.1—50％质量的除草剂活性成份或杀虫剂活性成份或杀菌剂活性成份或植物生长调节剂活性成份与0.1—40％的微孔活性物复合，混合均匀；
(3)将第(2)步得到的物质均匀分散吸附在漂浮性载体上，混合均匀，制成各类漂浮型农化制剂。
制备环保型水稻田漂浮性农化制剂的方法二步骤是：
(1)将99.8-10％的含有油性物质、表面活性剂、稳定剂及密度小于1的轻质颗粒制成漂浮性载体；
(2)将0.1—50％质量的除草剂活性成份或杀虫剂活性成份或杀菌剂活性成份或植物生长调节剂活性成份与0.1—30％的微孔活性物复合，混合均匀；
(3)将0.1—10％包膜剂的稀水溶液均匀喷洒在第(2)步制得的物质上包覆复合，混合均匀，形成包衣层，起到控释缓释作用。
(4)将第(3)步制得的物质均匀分散吸附在(1)漂浮性载体上，混合均匀，制成各类漂浮型农化制剂。
上述制备过程中，温度可以是0～70℃之间，最好在10—40℃之间进行。所用的设备有活化机、膨化机、混合机、研磨机等。
此外，漂浮剂制剂5～100克的包装袋单元也可进行压缩，制成球形、盘形、圆筒形、立方形、管形等形状，便于运输和贮存。压制成行时，可使用下述粘结剂：如聚乙二醇、天然胶、聚乙烯醇、CMC、CMS等。
也可加入发泡剂，制成泡腾剂、压成片状，便于运输、贮存和使用。
根据所含的活性成份的不同，本发明的制剂可用于各种目的，如水稻秧田、直播田、抛秧田、移栽田或通用型除草剂以及水稻田杀虫剂、杀菌剂和植物生长调节剂等。
本发明的制剂施用到水稻田中的方法为：将漂浮型除草剂或漂浮型杀虫剂、杀菌剂或生长调节剂等直接撒施或投施于水稻田水面，水稻田维持水层3～7cm，保水3～7天，撒施或投施大致均匀即可。
本发明制剂除本发明人在前发明中所描述的优点外，还具有如下优点：(1)由于使用控释缓释技术，采用控释缓释增效漂浮剂这样的加工剂型，用价廉的无机微孔物质吸附剂替代昂贵的有机和高分子吸附剂，各种稻田农药用量可比常规其它剂型节省有效成份用量60～75％，因而可大大节省成本，提高功效；(2)药效持久：由于农药有效成份被微孔物质吸附高分子成膜物质包裹，减少与水、空气、光等接触引起的分解、失效，有利于药效的延长和避免局部浓度过高产生的药害；(3)减少环境污染：由于不用有机溶剂，有效成份用量大大降低，可以大大减少污染，减少农药在稻谷等作物中的残留量；
具体实施方式：
实施例1：9％苄乙甲漂浮型除草剂(质量百分比％)的组成如下：苄黄隆0.8，乙草胺8，甲磺隆0.2，活性炭白土20，烷基磺酸盐3.0；机油8.5；膨胀珍珠粉59.5。
将上述量的苄黄隆，乙草胺，甲磺隆，活性白土，烷基硫酸盐、木素磺酸盐用研磨机充分混合并粉化、制成粉末；再将膨胀珍珠粉放在盘式涂覆机上，向其中滴加上述量的机油，机油充分分散后，在室温下，将上述粉末逐渐加到盘式涂覆器中的预处理过的轻质载体上，然后充分混合均匀，分装即成成品。
使用时将上述漂浮剂在水稻抛秧或移栽后3～7天内，撒施于水田水面，水田水深3～7cm，保水3～7天。
实施例2：乙、苄漂浮型除草剂(质量百分比％)组成如下：苄磺隆5，乙草胺7，解草啶15.8、邻苯二酚0.7、活化沸石粉25、木素磺酸钠4.5、油酸19.0、膨胀蛭石33.0。
其制造工艺同实施例(1)。
实施例3：8％杀虫双漂浮剂(质量百分比％)组成如下：杀虫双8.0、活性炭30、聚氧乙烯烷基醚3.0、脂肪酸14.0、膨胀珍珠岩45.0。
其制造工艺同实施例(1)，分装时，将上述制剂分装在50克水溶性袋中。
实施例4：20％托布津漂浮剂(质量百分比％)的组成及制造工艺：按质量组份(％)称取托布津20份，硅藻土20份，烷基硫酸盐2.0份，木素磺酸盐3.5份，石蜡油15.0份，膨胀蛭石39.5份。其制造工艺同实施例(1)
实施例5：9％苄乙甲漂浮型除草剂(质量百分比％)的组成如下：苄黄隆0.8，乙草胺8，甲磺隆0.2，活性炭白土20，烷基磺酸盐3.0；0.5％聚乙烯醇水溶液5，机油8.5；膨胀珍珠粉54.5。
将上述量的苄黄隆，乙草胺，甲磺隆，活性白土，烷基硫酸盐、木素磺酸盐用研磨机充分混合并粉化、制成粉末再均匀喷洒聚乙烯醇释溶液形成包覆体；再将膨胀珍珠粉放在盘式涂覆机上，向其中滴加上述量的机油，机油充分分散后，在室温下，将上述粉末逐渐加到盘式涂覆器中的预处理过的轻质载体上，然后充分混合均匀，分装即成成品。
使用时将上述漂浮剂在水稻抛秧或移栽后3～7天内，撒施于水田水面，水田水深3～7cm，保水3～7天。
实施例6：乙、苄漂浮型除草剂(质量百分比％)组成如下：苄磺隆5，乙草胺7，解草啶15.8、邻苯二酚0.7、活化沸石粉25、木素磺酸钠4.5、1％羧甲基淀粉水溶液6，油酸19.0、膨胀蛭石27.0。
其制造工艺同实施例(5)。
实施例7：8％杀虫双漂浮剂(质量百分比％)组成如下：杀虫双8.0、活性炭20、1％壳聚糖水溶液10、脂肪酸14.0、膨胀珍珠岩45.0。
其制造工艺同实施例(5)，分装时，将上述制剂分装在50克水溶性袋中。
实施例8：20％托布津漂浮剂(质量百分比％)的组成及制造工艺：按质量组份(％)称取托布津20份，硅藻土20份，烷基硫酸盐2.0份，1％木素磺酸盐水溶液3.5份，石蜡油15.0份，膨胀蛭石39.5份。其制造工艺同实施例(5)
Claims (7)
1.水稻田漂浮性农化制剂，其特征在于：其组分和质量份数配比是：
(1)除草剂活性成份或杀虫剂活性成份或杀菌剂活性成份或植物生长调节剂活性成份0.1～50％；
(2)微孔活性物0.1～30％；
所述微孔活性物是由珍珠岩、沸石、分子筛、硅藻土、海泡石、蛭石、尾矿砂、活性白土、活性炭或树脂经过活化处理制成；
(3)表观密度小于1的轻质载体+油性物质+表面活性剂+稳定剂99.8％～10％；
所述表观密度小于1的轻质载体是珍珠岩、蛭石、沸石、海泡石、膨胀蛭石、膨胀沸石、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀海泡石、膨胀粉煤灰、漂珠、高分子泡沫材料或粉碎玉米芯等颗粒或粉末；
所述油性物质是石蜡油、甘油酯、动物油、植物油、锭子油、泵油或矿物油；
所述表面活性剂是烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基磷酸脂、聚氧乙烯基醚、甘油脂肪酸脂，脱水山梨糖醇酯肪酸脂、木素磺酸盐、农乳600号、拉开粉或NNO；
所述稳定剂是硫酸钙、硫酸钡、硫酸二氢钾、沸石粉、邻苯二酚、连苯三酚、乙氧喹、丁基化羟基甲苯或丁基化羟基苯酚；
(4)包膜剂0.1～10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农化制剂，其特征在于：除草剂活性成份是乙草胺、丙草胺、甲草胺、异丙甲草胺、丁草胺、扑草净、异丙隆、二甲戊灵、环庚草醚、醚磺隆、灭草松、禾草丹、异丙草胺、乙氧氟草醚、唑草酮、西草净、精恶唑禾草灵、氰氟草酯、恶草酮、五氟磺草胺、莎稗磷、乙氧磺隆、环酯草醚、禾草敌、双草醚、二氯喹啉酸、水扬酸双嘧啶、苯噻酰草胺、二甲四氯苯氧乙酸中的至少一种加上苄黄隆、甲黄隆、吡嘧磺隆、苯磺隆、解草啶、解草唑、骠马或咪唑磺隆中的一种或两种，它们的质量份数配比为1～100∶0.1～100∶0～100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的农化制剂，其特征在于：杀虫剂活性成份是：杀虫单、克百威、丁硫克百威、氟虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺、杀螟松、福美甲胂、甲萘威-林丹，对硫磷、乐果、亚胺硫磷、杀虫双、氨基甲酸酯类、功夫、敌杀死中的一种或两至三种复配，它们的质量份数配比为1～100∶0.1～100∶0～100。
4.根据权利要求1所述的农化制剂，其特征在于：杀菌剂活性成份是多菌灵：井冈霉素、托布津等中的一种或两至三种复配，它们的质量份数配比为1～100∶0.1～100∶0～100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的农化制剂，其特征在于：植物生长调节剂活性成份是：赤霉素、细胞分裂素、细胞激动素、助壮素、增产胺、取代苯氧酸类中的一种或两至三种复配，它们的质量份数配比为1～100∶0.1～100∶0～100。
6.根据权利要求1所述的农化制剂，其特征在于：包膜剂是壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇、废塑料-淀粉、木质素磺酸钠、黄腐酸、乳胶树脂。
7.权利要求1所述的农化制剂的制备方法，其特征在于：制备步骤：
(1)将99.8-10％的含有油性物质、表面活性剂、稳定剂及密度小于1的轻质颗粒制成漂浮性载体；
(2)将0.1-50％质量的除草剂活性成份或杀虫剂活性成份或杀菌剂活性成份或植物生长调节剂活性成份与0.1-30％的微孔活性物复合，混合均匀；
(3)将浓度0.1-10％包膜剂稀水溶液均匀喷洒在第(2)步制得的物质上包覆复合，混合均匀；
(4)将第(3)步制得的物质均匀分散吸附在(1)漂浮性载体上，混合均匀，制成各类漂浮型农化制剂。
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