CN101392224B - 一株高产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉菌株及其应用 - Google Patents
一株高产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉菌株及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一株从富含绿原酸的植株土壤样品中筛选到的高产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉菌株,分类命名为黑曲霉Aspergillus nigerLN-1,菌种保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏日期为2008年7月14日,保藏登记号为CGMCC No.2589。本发明还主要涉及该菌株的筛选方法、产酶方法以及其在在制备咖啡酸和奎尼酸上的应用。通过本发明所筛选到的黑曲霉Aspergillus nigerLN-1是一种好气性、易培养、产多种复合酶的真菌,生长速度快,繁殖力强,产酶效率高,安全高效,产绿原酸水解酶具有定向催化水解绿原酸合成咖啡酸和奎尼酸的活性,转化率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属工业微生物技术领域,特别涉及一种高产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉菌株及其在制备咖啡酸和奎尼酸上的应用。
背景技术
咖啡酰奎尼酸(Caffeoylquinic acids,CQAs)是植物中主要的生理活性成分,是植物体在有氧呼吸过程中经莽草酸途径产生的一种苯丙素类化合物,是一个或多个咖啡酸(Caffeic acid,CA)与奎尼酸(Quinic acid,QA)生成的缩酚酸。咖啡酰奎尼酸中最常见的是绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid,5-CQA),又名咖啡单宁(Coffee Tannins),其水解产物由等摩尔的咖啡酸和奎尼酸组成。咖啡酸是我国SFDA批准上市的药品,具有升白、抗菌、抗病毒、解蛇毒、中枢兴奋等药理活性。奎尼酸(又名金鸡纳酸,1-羟基六氢没食子酸)是一种极高价值的精细化工产品和医药中间体,除了用于合成神经氨(糖)酸酶抑制剂GS401和GS4104以外,还被广泛用于合成抗肿瘤制剂埃斯波霉素A(Esperamicin-A)、免疫抑制剂FK506和IBE-5抗乙肝病毒药物以及具有抗氧化、抗菌作用的绿原酸(Chlorogenicacid)等。此外,奎尼酸可用作食品添加剂、助溶剂及光学材料等。
目前,已有的生产咖啡酸方法主要是化学合成和植物提取法,如日本Kokai TokkyoKoho公司的专利JP2002155017公开了由阿魏酸为原料、与BBr3在二氯甲烷中反应1h,可大规模制备咖啡酸的新方法,但该合成工艺污染环境;该公司的另一专利JP2005348660还公开了采用从甜薯里提取咖啡酸的方法,但是由于植物中咖啡酸衍生物及类似物较多,分离成本较高且难度大;Leonardis A.D.以向日葵种子为原料,采用化学水解法制备了咖啡酸,但需要用高浓度的碱液,对环境不友好(Eur.J.Lipid Sci.Technol.107(2005)220~227)。
而奎尼酸的现有生产方法则主要是植物提取法和生物合成法,如WO9408015公开了应用转基因大肠杆菌发酵葡萄糖生产奎尼酸的方法,但工程菌构建成本及发酵成本较高,难以实现产业化;日本Kokai Tokkyo Koho公司专利JP2000086575公开了采用溶剂提取法从植物组织水解液中分离奎尼酸的方法,JP11263746公开了采用树脂吸附分离法制备高纯度奎尼酸的方法,JP11140014公开了采用奎尼酸与金属离子成盐形式纯化的方法,但奎尼酸的制备过程都同样涉及到应用大量碱液和有机溶剂,会污染环境。因此,寻找一种能以量大易得的植物,甚至是农林废弃物为原料,通过微生物转化或酶促水解生产咖啡酸和奎尼酸 的高效、环境友好的工艺方法就显得十分迫切和必要。
绿原酸水解酶EC3.1.1.42(Chlorogenase,Chlorogenate hydrolase,Chlorogenate esterase,Chlorogenic acid splitting enzyme)的现有产生菌有:Parmentier F于1964年首次报道黑曲霉Asperigillus niger产绿原酸水解酶(Arch Int Physiol Biochem72(1964)692~693);1980年Schoebel,B.首次从黑曲霉Asperigillus niger中分离纯化获得该酶并进行了理化性质研究(Z.Naturforsch.,C:Biosci.,35C(1980)209~212;Z.Naturforsch.,C:Biosci.,35C(1980)699~701);2003年Smith,Michael A.对绿原酸水解酶的相关功能基因进行了研究(Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,69(2003)524~532);2005年Nakamori,Kaoru报道了该酶催化转酯化等反应过程(Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,68(2005)198~202;Colloq.Sci.Int.Café,20th(2005)249~253);2005年Asther,Michele报道采用该酶水解绿原酸及其酶学性质(J.Biotechnol.,115(2005)47~56);日本Kokai Tokkyo Koho公司的专利JP2004350619公开采用日本酒曲(koji)水解植物多酚制备咖啡酸的方法、专利JP2006335723公开了采用酶解绿原酸植物提取物获得咖啡酸混合物的方法、国际专利申请WO9533706公开了采用该酶转酯化反应制备咖啡酸的方法。
黑曲霉Aspergillus niger是一种好气性、易培养、产多种复合酶的真菌,属于半知菌亚门、曲霉属。黑曲霉能分泌出多种水解酶,包括绿原酸水解酶。黑曲霉生产的酶制剂具有用量大、应用范围广、安全性好的特点,在工农业应用中已越来越受到重视。1987年,联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)/世界卫生组织(WHO)/食品添加剂与污染物联合专家委员会(JECFA)批准黑曲霉可用于食品工业用酶制剂的生产。因此,采用黑曲霉Aspergillusniger产绿原酸水解酶可用于食品、医药工业。
虽然现有技术表明黑曲霉能够产生绿原酸水解酶,但产量及转化率报道很不稳定,对绿原酸转化定向水解生产咖啡酸和奎尼酸的应用研究缺乏基础数据。若能采用自行设计的快速筛选体系筛选到黑曲霉Aspergillus niger产绿原酸水解酶,定向水解绿原酸的转化率高,可应用于工业化生产。因而,制备绿原酸水解酶及用该酶定向水解植物中咖啡酰奎尼酸来代替化学水解法生产咖啡酸和奎尼酸,为其在医药、保健、食品、化妆品等工业上开拓新市场具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的技术目的是提供一株高产绿原酸水解酶的菌株,使得该菌株所产的绿原酸水解酶能高效转化咖啡酰奎尼酸生成咖啡酸和奎尼酸。
本发明的技术目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一、本发明从富含绿原酸的植株土壤样品中筛选到一株高产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉菌株,分类命名为黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1,菌种保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏日期为2008年7月14日,保藏登记号为CGMCC No.2589。
本菌株的筛选方法:
1、采集多处富含绿原酸的植株土壤样品,制成土壤样品悬浮液涂布于含有绿原酸和溴甲酚绿的初筛平板培养基上培养,挑选产生黄色变色圈大的菌株,并转接到真菌完全培养基斜面培养;
2、将斜面上生长比较好的菌体转接到产酶液体培养基中,进行产酶菌株的复筛。通过测定发酵液中咖啡酸的浓度评价其产绿原酸水解酶的粗酶活力,并筛选到产绿原酸水解酶酶活最大的一株菌株,命名为黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1。
本发明对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1菌株的生物特征进行了鉴定:该菌菌落形态较大,质地疏松,外观干燥,不透明,呈现毡状;菌落正面呈棕黑色,反面为黄白色,边缘与中心颜色不一致。孢子形态为:较大,呈球形;分生孢子梗光滑,无色或上部的1/3带黄褐色;顶囊大的呈球形,小的仅稍膨大,全部产生小梗;小梗单层或双层;分生孢子粗糙,常具褐黑色的条纹。
二、本发明对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1进行了发酵产酶培养生产绿原酸水解酶的方法。
对上述筛选到的产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1进行产酶发酵培养,其斜面培养方法同以上所述,用斜面培养基培养。
(1)配制产酶培养基:磷酸氢二钾0.1%~1.5%、磷酸二氢钾0.1%~1.5%、硫酸铵0.1%~1.5%、硝酸钠0.01%~0.5%、硫酸镁0.01%~0.5%、硫酸亚铁0.001%~0.5%、硫酸锌0.001%~0.5%、pH5.0~8.0。
(2)温度25~40℃,摇瓶培养1~6天。
三、本发明所述的黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1在制备咖啡酸和奎尼酸上的应用。
配制1%~10%的绿原酸溶液,用NaOH或HCl溶液调pH为4.0~9.0,作为酶催化反应底物。在发酵液过滤得到的粗酶液或湿菌体中加入该底物溶液,并控制pH为4.0~9.0,20~55℃,转速100~200r/min,反应时间8~36h,水解绿原酸生成咖啡酸的转化率达28~90%。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点和有益效果:
筛菌过程首次利用绿原酸为唯一碳源,以溴甲酚绿作为指示剂配制溴甲酚绿-绿原酸-改造培养基,建立了新型快速筛选产绿原酸水解酶菌株的培养体系和对目的菌株筛选的快速检验方法,结合初筛、复筛过程成功筛选出黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1。所筛选到的黑曲霉Aspergillusniger LN-1是一种好气性、易培养、产多种复合酶的真菌,生长速度快,繁殖力强,产酶效率高,安全高效,产绿原酸水解酶具有定向催化水解绿原酸合成咖啡酸和奎尼酸的活性,转化率高。
附图说明
图1绿原酸酶水解反应式
图2绿原酸和咖啡酸标准品的HPLC谱图
图3酶解反应24h后经稀释的酶解液的HPLC谱图
本发明的微生物分类命名为黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1,已保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,简称CGMCC,保藏单位地址:中国北京市朝阳区大屯路中国科学院微生物研究所。保藏编号是:CGMCC No.2589,保藏时间是2008年7月14日。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
本实施例说明黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1的筛选过程。
采集多处富含绿原酸的植株土壤样品,放入50mL无菌水的锥形瓶中,加入20颗左右的玻璃珠,剧烈震荡20min,使泥土完全捣碎,静置。在每只50mL无菌水的三角瓶中加入1mL土壤样品悬浮液,放入恒温震荡培养箱培养,37℃下培养2天。取悬液涂布于初筛平板培养基上,进行产酶菌株的初筛。初筛培养基的组成为:磷酸氢二钾1.0%、磷酸二氢钾0.5%、硫酸铵0.1%、硝酸钠0.05%、硫酸镁0.05%、硫酸亚铁0.005%、硫酸锌 0.005%、琼脂5%、pH6.5,并加入1%绿原酸和0.002%溴甲酚绿。温度35℃,培养时间1~6天。挑选产生黄色变色圈大的菌株20株,接种到真菌完全培养基斜面培养。
将斜面上生长比较好的菌体转接到产酶液体培养基中,进行产酶菌株的复筛。产酶培养基组成:磷酸氢二钾1.0%、磷酸二氢钾0.5%、硫酸铵0.1%、硝酸钠0.05%、硫酸镁0.05%、硫酸亚铁0.005%、硫酸锌0.005%、pH6.5,并加入3%绿原酸于500mL,三角瓶装液量50mL。摇瓶转速150r/min,温度35℃,培养时间1~6天,取发酵液用HPLC测定咖啡酸浓度评价其产绿原酸水解酶的粗酶活力,得到酶活最高的一株菌株,命名为黑曲霉Aspergillus nigerLN-1。
其中,HPLC法的检测条件为:
色谱柱:Alltima C18(150mm×4.6mm);流动相:醋酸铵缓冲液(pH4.5)-乙腈(95:5,V/V);检测波长:327nm;流速:1mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量:20μL。
本发明对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1菌株的生物特征进行了鉴定:该菌菌落形态较大,质地疏松,外观干燥,不透明,呈现毡状;菌落正面呈棕黑色,反面为黄白色,边缘与中心颜色不一致。孢子形态为:较大,呈球形;分生孢子梗光滑,无色或上部的1/3带黄褐色;顶囊大的呈球形,小的仅稍膨大,全部产生小梗;小梗单层或双层;分生孢子粗糙,常具褐黑色的条纹。
实施例2
本实施例说明利用黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1进行了发酵产酶培养生产绿原酸水解酶、以及定向酶水解得到咖啡酸和奎尼酸的方法。
培养基组成:磷酸氢二钾0.1%、磷酸二氢钾0.1%、硫酸铵0.1%、硝酸钠0.01%、硫酸镁0.01%、硫酸亚铁0.001%、硫酸锌0.001%、pH5.0,并加入0.5%绿原酸。
将黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1的孢子悬浮液(浓度)以1%的接种量接种于培养基中,于温度25℃好气培养1天,即产酶结束。
将绿原酸溶解配制成1%,用NaOH或HCl溶液调pH为4.0,作为酶催化反应底物。在发酵液过滤得到的粗酶液或湿菌体中加入该底物溶液,并控制pH为4.0,20℃,转速100r/min,反应培养8h,水解绿原酸生成咖啡酸的转化率达28%。
实施例3
本实施例的方法与实施例2相同,改变所用方法参数。
培养基组成:磷酸氢二钾1.0%、磷酸二氢钾0.5%、硫酸铵0.1%、硝酸钠0.05%、硫酸镁0.05%、硫酸亚铁0.005%、硫酸锌0.005%、pH6.0。
将黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1的孢子悬浮液(浓度)以2%的接种量接种于培养基中,于温度35℃好气培养4天,即产酶结束。
将绿原酸溶解配制成3%,作为酶催化反应底物。在发酵液过滤得到的粗酶液或湿菌体中加入该底物溶液,并用NaOH或HCl溶液调pH为6.5,35℃,转速150r/min,反应培养24h,水解绿原酸生成咖啡酸的转化率达90%(绿原酸酶水解反应生成咖啡酸和奎尼酸的原理见图1,绿原酸和咖啡酸标准品的HPLC谱图见图2,绿原酸和咖啡酸的保留时间分别为7.5min和12.8min;酶解反应24h后经稀释的酶解液的HPLC谱图见图3,水解转化率极高,而绿原酸几乎被完全水解)。
实施例4
本实施例的方法与实施例2相同,改变所用方法参数。
培养基组成:磷酸氢二钾1.5%、磷酸二氢钾1.5%、硫酸铵1.5%、硝酸钠0.5%、硫酸镁0.5%、硫酸亚铁0.5%、硫酸锌0.5%、pH8.0,并加入5%绿原酸。
将黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1的孢子悬浮液(浓度)以3%的接种量接种于培养基中,于温度40℃好气培养6天,即产酶结束。
将绿原酸溶解配制成10%,用NaOH或HCl溶液调pH为9.0,作为酶催化反应底物。在发酵液过滤得到的粗酶液或湿菌体中加入该底物溶液,并控制pH为9.0,55℃,转速200r/min,反应培养36h,水解绿原酸生成咖啡酸的转化率达56%。
Claims (4)
1.一株高产绿原酸水解酶的黑曲霉菌株,分类命名为黑曲霉Aspergillus nigerLN-1,菌种保藏单位为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏日期为2008年7月14日,保藏登记号为CGMCC No.2589。
2.利用根据权利要求1所述的黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1进行发酵产酶培养生产绿原酸水解酶的方法,其特征在于:
(1)配制产酶培养基:磷酸氢二钾0.1%~1.5%、磷酸二氢钾0.1%~1.5%、硫酸铵0.1%~1.5%、硝酸钠0.01%~0.5%、硫酸镁0.01%~0.5%、硫酸亚铁0.001%~0.5%、硫酸锌0.001%~0.5%、pH 5.0~8.0;
(2)温度25~40℃,摇瓶培养1~6天。
3.根据权利要求1所述的黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1在制备咖啡酸和奎尼酸上的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的黑曲霉Aspergillus niger LN-1在制备咖啡酸和奎尼酸上的应用,其特征在于配制1%~10%的绿原酸溶液,用NaOH或HCl溶液调pH为4.0~9.0,作为酶催化反应底物;在发酵液过滤得到的粗酶液或湿菌体中加入该底物溶液,并控制pH为4.0~9.0,20~55℃,转速100~200r/min,反应时间8~36h,水解绿原酸生成咖啡酸的转化率达28~90%。
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