CN101385091A - Radiation detectable and protective articles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composition and a method for forming radiopaque polymer product. In on embodiment, radiation inspection device and method are subject to determine presence and quality of the radiopaque polymer product. A radiopque product is formed by mixing radiopque material such as barium, bismuth, tungsten, or their compound and pulverized polymer, granule polymer or polymer in solvent or water solution, emulsion or suspension. In addition to the radiation detectable product, the radiopque polymer material can be used for producing radiation-protective product such as radiation protection clothes and bomb container; nanomaterial can be used for promoting radiation protection ability. The invention can also be used for guarding other type of danger as fire, chemical, biology and shooting bomb.

Description

Radiation can detect and protective article

The cross reference of related application

The application requires the right of priority of the U.S. Patent application No. 11/019952 (content of this patented claim is incorporated into this by reference) of submission on Dec 20th, 2004, patented claim is for No. 11/019952 that the patent application serial numbers of submitting on July 16th, 2003 is 10/620,954 and as No. the 6841791st, United States Patent (USP) being entitled as of authorizing " the part continuation application of the patent of Multiple Hazard Protection Articles And Methods ForMaking Them ＂; application 10/620; 954 be the patent application serial numbers submitted on September 9th, 2002 be 10/238160 and to be entitled as " United States Patent (USP) of Lightweight Radiation ProtectiveArticles And Methods For Making Them ＂ is authorized for No. 6828578, again as the part continuation application of United States Patent (USP) 6828578B2 in the patent of mandate on Dec 7th, 2004, application 10/238160 itself is that the patent application serial numbers of submitting to August 27 calendar year 2001 is 09/940,681 and the part continuation application of the patent that is entitled as ＂ LightweightRadiation Protective Garments ＂ of authorizing on October 1st, 2002 as United States Patent (USP) 6459091B1, application 09/940,681 is that the patent application serial numbers submitted on Dec 7th, 1998 is 09/206671 and the part continuation application of the patent that is entitled as ＂ Lightweight Radiation ProtectiveGarments ＂ of authorizing August 28 calendar year 2001 as No. the 6281515th, United States Patent (USP).These contents of applying in advance are incorporated into this by reference.

Invention field

The present invention relates to radiation can detect and protective article.Radiation detection goods of the present invention are easily by using X ray and other radioactive radiation to detect, and produce method and composition that this class radiation can detect goods and also can be used for producing the harm that can resist radiation and other type goods as fire, chemistry, biology and projectile harm.

Background of invention

The mankind have utilized radiation in many ways.It is atomic bomb that the destructiveness of the radiation that is widely known by the people is most used.The electromagnetic radiation that atomic bomb discharges can be penetrated in the tissue dearly, destroys human body cell.The increase for preparing the true possibility of " dirty bomb (dirty bomb) " by the nuclear waste that uses easy acquisition along with terrorist activity and terrorist, the threat that causes of atomic bomb is in recent years being risen really.This class nuclear bomb has impelled people to need the anti-radiation protection of high performance-price ratio to the mankind's disruptive threats, comprises needing lightweight radiation protection clothes.In the ideal case, these class lightweight radiation protection clothes can be resisted the harm of other type simultaneously, for example the electromagnetic radiation of fire, chemistry, biology, projectile harm and other form.Like this, emergency disposal personnel (for example fireman, first-aid personnel, police or soldier) can only be used dress and obtain protection, can resist the harm of any kind that they will face.Mentioned this class " omnipotent " protection clothes in the applicant's who is entitled as ＂ Multiple Hazard Protection Articles AndMethods For Making Them ＂ that on July 16th, 2003 submitted to the common unexamined patent application serial numbers 10/620954, the content of the document is incorporated into this by reference.

Many constructive application that utilize radiation have been developed.These constructive application comprise medical X-ray and nuclear power station.Yet the constructive application of other of radiation is also rarely known by the people.For example, in many industry, use the automatic high-speed machine to manufacture a product rapidly and at an easy rate.Food industry is such class industry.For example, machine is mainly used to make and pack breakfast cereal preparation of many popular brand.In order to enlarge the market of this mass-produced breakfast cereal preparation, breakfast cereal preparation manufacturer in the cereal preparation box, pack into usually prize or " award ".For example popular megahero's model.This prize inserts and is sealed in the food box by machine in the process of packing usually.

When adopting high-speed automated manufacturing process, need the quality control program.See the example of cereal preparation box again, if the mounter of cereal preparation box leaks and to have inserted prize or its prize insertion equipment blocks up, then many cereal preparation boxes can not have sealed under the situation of prize, transportation and sell.Because for children's cereal preparation, buying the cereal preparation box mainly is exactly for the prize inside obtaining, prize can not cause consumer's indignation and disappointed so manufacturer packs in the cereal preparation box.

Therefore, particularly in the high speed manufacturing process, need to check promptly whether the product of manufacturing makes (for example, any prize of packing into) according to the mode that meets company's manufacturer's standard fully, and check whether product does not contain external pollutant.For the cereal preparation box, this comprises guarantees that the cereal preparation box that have prize has comprised prize really, and does not contain external pollutant such as stone and metal, and these pollutants can by mistake enter in the final assembling.

Though people keep quality control by visual check usually, for the product of making on the high-speed set wiring, visual check is difficult to carry out effectively.A macroscopic problem is to give supervisory personnel's time enough to carry out suitable inspection and the manufacturing process that do not slow down.When the prize of attempting to check in the cereal preparation box, this problem more complicated that just becomes because the cereal preparation box visually is opaque, thereby is difficult to by the object in the visual inspection cereal preparation box, for example prize.

Summary of the invention

The present invention includes the composition and the method that are used to form radiopaque polymer product.When these radiopaque polymer product were used for high-speed automated manufacturing process, their quality and existence were easily by using radiation examination device to confirm.

Can form radiopaque polymer product of the present invention by radiation impermeability material (for example, barium, bismuth, tungsten or their potpourri) is mixed with powder polymer, granular (palletized) polymkeric substance or liquid solution, emulsion or the suspending liquid of polymkeric substance in solvent or water.Described polymkeric substance can advantageously be selected from multiple plastics, comprise, but be not limited to polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon (TEFLON ^TM), ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers and other polymkeric substance.

Radiation impermeability polymeric blends can be used to form radiopaque polymer product by many existing commercial runs (for example injection moulding, extrude and thermoforming) subsequently.For example, in the situation of injection moulding, radiation impermeability polymeric blends can heat in extruder, injects mould then, presents the shape of depanning up to it.After the hardening of radiation impermeability polymeric blends, forming suitable mould shape, it is taken out from mould.In the situation of megahero's model, the useable glass wrapper subsequently of molded model is inserted in the cereal preparation box as prize.

Can also advantageously generate radiation impermeability goods by radiation impermeability binder combination is sprayed, adheres or is applied on the existing goods.For example, lightweight radiation impermeability material is mixed with bonding agent (for example gummy bonding agent or liquid polymers), can form radiation impermeability adhesive composition.Then can be by radiation impermeability binder combination being sprayed on the goods or goods are impregnated in the radiation impermeability binder combination and radiation impermeability binder combination being applied on the existing goods.

In manufacture process, radiation examination device can be used for detecting the existence and the quality of radiopaque polymer product.In one embodiment, X ray is by radiopaque polymer product itself or the packing of the Tou Guoed radiation of radiopaque polymer product is housed.X-ray detector is arranged on the relative side of radiopaque polymer product, to detect the position that weakened position of radiation and radiation see through.By this X-ray detector, can confirm the existence of radiopaque polymer product, if necessary, can also determine the quality (for example, suitable size, measure, do not have defective etc.) of radiopaque polymer product.This X-ray detector can also guarantee not contain in the final products disadvantageous external contaminant, for example stone or metal fragment.

But many method and compositions that are used to produce radiation impermeability inspected object also can be used for taking precautions against the ionising radiation of wide region, for example neutron, ultraviolet, γ and radio-frequency radiation.For example, in the priority application sequence number 10/620954 (its content is incorporated into this by reference) of the common unexamined of the inventor, radiation impermeability polymkeric substance of the present invention is used to produce the radiation protection clothes, in some cases, these radiation protection clothes can also be taken precautions against other harm (for example, fire, chemistry, biology, projectile etc.).Similarly, spray on the existing object so that this object has the identical mode of radiation detection, the material of same type is sprayed on the anti-radiation protection clothes, to weaken radiation according to binder combination with the anti-radiation protection material.

As another part of the present invention, the newly-developed of nanometer technology can be used to produce the goods that radiation better could detect and weaken radiation.In some embodiments, these goods that weaken radiation can also provide the harm of taking precautions against other type, for example, and the electromagnetic radiation energy of fire, chemistry, biology, projectile harm and wide region.Because the little and surface area/volume ratio height of the size of these nano materials, they show unique electricity, machinery and optical property.In the present invention, various types of nano materials can be used for improving product engineering properties, thermal property, weaken and stop protective nature.

In the present invention, use nano material according to three kinds of different modes at least.In one embodiment, nano material is joined in the radiation protective polymeric mixture of previous announcement, to improve radiation proof function or other protection is provided, for example fire prevention, the protection of anti-chemical, anti-biological and/or anti-projectile.In second embodiment, will be used for radiation protective mixture by the nano particle that radiation impermeability material (for example barium, bismuth, tungsten etc.) form, to replace the bigger identical or similar radiation impermeability material forms of volume.Use this class radiation impermeability nano material that radiation impermeability material more is evenly dispersed in the polymeric blends, thereby also might before polymkeric substance becomes fragile, make radiation impermeability concentration of material higher.In the 3rd embodiment, nano material forms discontinuous layer of nanomaterial, and this discontinuous layer of nanomaterial can join in the product, perhaps forms independently product.

Be used for nano material of the present invention and comprise nano particle, nanotube and nano-plates.Nano particle forms mainly as full particle, but also can be made up of hollow nano-sphere, nanoshell, hemisphere, parabola body (parabolas) etc.Nano particle can be formed by various metal/non-metal powder, comprises oxide, sulfide and ceramic powders.Nano-plates is a stratified nano materials, comprises natural nano clay and synthesis of nano clay, for example silicic acid and transition metal two chalcogenides two chalcogenides of the synergistic tantalum of lithium (promptly with).Nanotube is that diameter is several nanometers, but length can be several microns tubular nanometer material.

In order to weaken the electromagnetic radiation of radiowave, ultraviolet ray and ionising radiation and so on, can form nano particle by the radiation impermeability material of routine, described material such as tungsten, tantalum, barium or their compound, the magnetic-particle of shell structure such as metal coating (Fe for example ₂O ₃/ Au, SiO ₂/ Au), or the semiconductor grain of other coating (for example PbS/CdS).The nanosphere of hollow metal, metal oxide/sulfide nanosphere or other compound; Nano particle with para-curve, semi-spherical shape and shell structure also can be used for the present invention.The nano particle (for example nanometer para-curve, nanometer hemisphere, nanosphere etc.) that is shaped it is believed that form refraction, reflection and the trapped radiation that can reflect, reflect and catch light wave with similar minute surface.Because the nano particle of these shapings it is believed that the degree that weakens radiation is different with powder radiation impermeability nano particle, so the nano particle of these shapings need not formed by radiation impermeability material, but can be formed by the material of metal/semiconductor composite grain and so on.For example, the Ag nano particle of mixed C dS coating shows plasmon (plasmon) resonance absorption of red shift.The function that this resonance absorption band of metal nanoparticle is a grain graininess.Along with granularity reduces, can reach the theoretical wavelength of absorption maximum intensity.By producing these nanospheres, nanometer hemisphere and nanometer parabolic structure with given shape and curvature, can utilize in the spectrum than the optical property of small wavelength, to weaken the electromagnetic radiation of radiowave, ultraviolet ray and ionising radiation frequency.Be different from the heavy metal absorption of electromagnetic radiation, this situation is to make electromagnetic radiation change direction, migration or reflection effectively, makes its energy be lowered to lower level or be converted into heat.

For chemistry and the flame-retardant nature that improves polymeric blends, the nano material of suitably forming can be evenly dispersed in the polymeric blends.For example, when nanoclay suitably is dispersed in the polymkeric substance, owing in polymer substrate, produce crooked passage, make harmful chemistry, biological reagent and other gas (for example oxygen) be difficult to penetrate polymkeric substance and the chemical property that improved nanoclay.In order to improve the flame-retardant nature of polymkeric substance, a small amount of (2-10%) nanoclay or other nano-plates can be added with conventional flame retardants, described conventional flame retardants is aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide or other organic bromide and organic chloride for example, and they can be nanometer-scale or micron specification.Nanotube can be used for strengthening the engineering properties of polymeric blends, for example pulling strengrth, flexible, modulus and conductivity.

The conventional method that nano material is distributed in the polymeric blends has three kinds.First kind be with polymkeric substance with as independent mutually or the nano material of solution directly mix.Second kind is to carry out in-situ polymerization in the presence of nano material, and the third is to comprise that original position forms the in-situ particle processing of nano material and in-situ polymerization.In addition, can nano material be coated on the multiple base material by some technology, these technology for example gasify, sputter (glow discharge, ion beam, laser), ion plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD, thermal spray, dip coated, fluidized bed and atomized liquid spraying.

Should also be noted that nano material tends to reunite to reduce their surface area, therefore, inappropriate dispersion and being distributed in the polymer substrate, the gained nano-complex just can not obtain required character.For nano material is dispersed in the polymkeric substance, and, should preferably carry out surface modification to nano material by standard fabrication technique processing gained potpourri.For example, in the situation of nanoclay, surface of clay is carried out modification, make nanoclay particles to be attracted on the resinous substrates, thereby disperseed fully by known increase-volume disposal route.Two kinds of the most conventional known compatibilizing methods are that ion modification and ion-dipole interact.

By combining nano material in polymeric blends of the present invention or produce pure nanometer layer; can produce radiation shield; goods are carried out radiation detection, anti-radiation protection (ultraviolet, radio frequency, electromagnetism, X-radiation or γ radiation) or " general " protection (promptly taking precautions against one or more harm, as neutron irradiation, fire, chemistry, biology or projectile harm).Described in the patented claim of previous reference, can be separately the radiation impermeability polymeric blends that contains or do not contain nano material of gained be laminated on chemical films, ballistic fabric (weave or non-woven) or the fire proofing.

Brief Description Of Drawings

Fig. 1 shows the front elevation of radiopaque polymer product of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows the side view of the injection-moulding device be used to produce radiopaque polymer product of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows the skeleton view of the equipment of the existence be used to detect radiopaque polymer product on the high-speed set wiring and quality.

Fig. 4 shows the front elevation of total body radiation protective clothing.

Fig. 5 A shows the side view of the nanometer hemisphere be used to weaken radiation.

Fig. 5 B shows the side view of the nanosphere be used to weaken radiation.

Fig. 6 shows the sectional view of the compound substance of the hazard protective that various ways can be provided.

Fig. 7 shows the vest that is formed by a plurality of hazard protective layers.

Fig. 8 shows the exploded view of the protective clothing that can be used as the underwear dress.

Fig. 9 has shown pocket and has been used for the harm protection plug-in unit of this pocket.

Figure 10 has shown the skeleton view that weakens the bomb container of radiation.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Referring now to Fig. 1,, shown an example of radiopaque polymer product 10 of the present invention.In this example, radiopaque polymer product 10 is to be inserted into prize in the cereal preparation box as the plastic toy model.Radiopaque polymer product 10 is preferably formed by the polymeric blends that comprises one or more radiation impermeability materials and one or more polymkeric substance.Comprising one or more radiation impermeability materials is important for this polymeric blends, because polymkeric substance itself is to see through for the radiation of many forms as X ray substantially, therefore only use polymkeric substance can not produce effective radiopaque polymer product.

For radiation impermeability material, barium sulphate, tungsten and bismuth are preferred for the present invention, and this is because compare with lead, and the known healthhazard of these materials still less.Also can use other radiation impermeability material, include but not limited to: barium, other barium compound are (for example, barium chloride), tungsten compound (for example, tungsten carbide and tungsten oxide), bismuth compound, tantalum, tantalum compound, tin, titanium, titanium compound, cardiografin (Diatrizoate Meglumine I η j.USP, by Nycomed Corporation with trade name HYPAQUE ^TMSell), sodium acetrizoate (Acetrizoate Sodium), boron, boric acid, boron oxide compound, boron salt, other boron compound, beryllium, beryllium compound, bunaiod (Bunamiodyl Sodium), thypaque sodium (Diatrizoate Sodium), ethiodized oil (Ethiodized Oil), iobenzamic acid (IobenzamicAcid), iocarmic acid (Iocarmic Acid), iocetamic acid (Iocetamic Acid), adipiodone (Iodipamide), Iodixanol (Iodixanol), iodated oil (Iodized Oil), iodoalphionic acid (Iodoalphionic Acid), hippuran (o-Iodohippurate Sodium), iodophthalein sodium (Iodophthalein Sodium), uriodone (Iodopyracet), ioglycamic acid (IoglycamicAcid), Iohexol (Iohexol), Falignost (Iomeglamic Acid), Iopamidol (Iopamidol), iopanoic acid (Iopanoic Acid), Iopentol (Iopentol), pantopaque (Iophendylate), iophenoxic acid (Iophenoxic Acid), Iopromide (Iopromide), iopronic acid (Iopronic Acid), Iopydol (Iopydol), iopydone (Iopydone), iotalamic acid (Iothalamic Acid), Iotrolan (Iotrolan), Ioversol (Ioversol), ioxaglic acid (Ioxaglic Acid), Ioxilan (Ioxilan), the 3-{[(dimethylamino) methylene] amino }-2,4,6-triiodo-benzene propionic acid (Ipodate), vasurix (MeglumineAcetrizoate), cardiografin methiodal sodium (Meglumine Ditrizoate Methiodal Sodium), metrizamide (Metrizamide), Metrizoic Acid (Metrizoic Acid), phenobutiodil (Phenobutiodil), phentetiothalein sodium (Phentetiothalein Sodium), propyl iodone (Propyliodone), iodomethamate sodium (Sodium Iodomethamate), sozoiodolic acid (Sozoiodolic Acid), thoria (ThoriumOxide) and platform are expected sodium (Trypanoate Sodium).These radiation impermeability materials can be bought from many chemical supply companies, Fisher Scientific for example, P.O.Box 4829, Norcross, Georgia 30091 (phones: 1-800-766-7000), Aldrich Chemical Company, P.O.Box 2060, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (phone: 1-800-558-9160) and Sigma, P.O.Box 14508, St.Louis, Missouri 63178 (phones: 1-800-325-3010).Those skilled in the art recognize that easily other radiation impermeability material that combines same metal can use with the above-mentioned material replacement.

The polymkeric substance that is used for polymeric blends of the present invention includes but not limited to preferably from multiple plastics: polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyester, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polysulfones, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon (TEFLON ^TM), ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers and other polymkeric substance.

Polymeric blends can comprise conventional adjuvant with flexible, intensity, permanance or other character that improve final products and/or help to guarantee that polymeric blends has suitable homogeneity and consistance.In suitable situation, these adjuvants can be plastifier (for example, epoxidized soybean oil, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol etc.), emulsifying agent, surfactant, suspending agent, levelling agent, dry promoter, bonding agent, flow enhancing agent and fire retardant.

Can adjust the ratio of these polymeric blends components.The radiation impermeability material of the stock size of use higher proportion can more easily be confirmed the existence and the quality of radiopaque polymer product usually by radiation checking technical.But if the ratio of the radiation impermeability material of stock size is higher than too with polymer phase, then polymeric blends can become fragile when dry or cooling, and is broken easily.The inventor has been found that from its work surpassing 50 weight % in the polymeric blends can be the anti-radiation protection material of barium sulphate, tungsten, bismuth or other stock size, and rest parts is made up of polymkeric substance mostly in the potpourri.

One preferred embodiment in, polymeric blends contains the radiation impermeability material of stock size of about 85 weight % and the polymkeric substance of about 15 weight %.In this preferred implementation, the radiation impermeability material that is used for polymeric blends is tungsten (75%), barium sulphate (20%) and bismuth (5%).The preferred polymers that is used for this preferred implementation at present is ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) and poly potpourri.

Considering to use plumbous also is suitable as a kind of radiation impermeability material that is used for polymeric blends.Though because there is potential hazard in health, plumbous so preferred unlike above-mentioned other radiation impermeability material, lead still can be used for some radiation impermeability polymeric blends.

Can advantageously use many known manufacture methods to produce radiopaque polymer product of the present invention.For example, radiation impermeability polymeric blends of the present invention can at first be melted in the extruder, is pushed in the mould of injection molding machine with the fusion form by piston then.Fig. 2 has shown this injection molding machine 20.In the embodiment of Fig. 2, radiation impermeability polymeric blends 24 is packed in the funnel 26.By funnel 26 radiation impermeability polymeric blends 24 is joined in the extruder 30 then, make polymeric blends 24 be melted to denseness like the dough by using extrusion cooker 32.The polymeric blends of extruding bar 34 promotion fusings moves to mould 40.When the polymeric blends of fusing leaves extruder 30, under pressure, be injected in the mould 40 by extruder nozzle 36.When polymeric blends cooled off in mould 40, form that can be final was taken out from mould 40.Described other example of injection-moulding device and technology in United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 572,801 B1 of Walter numbers, the content of the document is incorporated into this by reference.

Thermoplastic, thermosets and elastic body can injection mouldings.By using a plurality of import (not shown) that enter mould 40, altogether Shooting Technique can the molding different materials, the component of color and/or feature.And, according to shape, thickness, weight range, permissible tolerance, surfaceness and the economic batch scale of injection-molded item, use the molding technology of other type.The molding technology of these other types comprises, but be not limited to, be used for big hollow closure or semi-closure structure rotational molding, blowing, foam-formed, compression molding, resin transfer moulding, pressing mold, sand casting, investment cast, polymkeric substance casting, form rolling, hot forging, extrude, press forming, roll forming, spinning, thermoforming, layered manner, powder method, laser prototype and deposition.

Can use many other known plastic forming technologies to form radiopaque polymer product of the present invention.For example, polymeric blends of the present invention can be put in the funnel of extruder once more, the heating, in this case, with the fusion form as thin film deposition to travelling belt.Then film is applied vacuum and press, fused films is closely contacted with mold pressing trace (mold impression), form the film of required form.Described the example of this class vacuum forming technology in United States Patent (USP) the 6319456th B1 of Gilbert number in more detail, the content of the document is incorporated into this by reference.Perhaps, not that film is drawn in the vacuum mold, but only diaphragm is cut into required flat shape.

Or, form goods (for example megahero) in advance, produce the radiation impermeability by applying radiation impermeability thin layer then.In this case, lightweight radiation impermeability material is mixed with bonding agent (for example gummy bonding agent or liquid polymers), can advantageously generate radiation impermeability layer.Then can be by radiation impermeability binder combination being sprayed to the outside of goods or goods being impregnated in the solution of radiation impermeability binder combination and radiation impermeability binder combination is applied on the preformed goods.

The shape that is used for the mould of Shooting Technique shown in Figure 2 can be the shape of megahero's model 10 for example shown in Figure 1.Except prize, Shooting Technique also is used to produce the plastic products of many other types at present, and it will be useful that these plastic products become radiopaque polymer product of the present invention.For example, when drinking fruit juice, do not spill, on children's juice box, be attached with plastic suction pipe usually in order to make children.Similarly, the common subsidiary plastic ware (for example spoon or fork) that has in every portion of food that loads with plastic casing.If omitted suction pipe or other utensil in food box, then the user must throw away product or attempt removing to eat food in the food box with hand, thereby need tidy up the confusion of bringing.If suction pipe or other utensil are made by radiation impermeability polymkeric substance of the present invention among this embodiment, then can use radiation examination device to guarantee that all food boxes that leave assembly line have all attached radiation impermeability suction pipe or other utensil.

Because in this embodiment, suction pipe or other utensil contact user's oral cavity is very important so select avirulent radiation impermeability material (for example barium sulphate, iodine, bismuth or their combination or their compound) rather than toxic materials (for example plumbous) to be used for polymeric blends.Another factor that need consider when selecting suitable radiation impermeability material is the degree that radiation that material provides weakens.For example, in the example of suction pipe and juice box, the cardboard juice box freely sees through radiation.Therefore, the radiation impermeability compound that does not need to have strong weakening character produces enough radiation contrasts between suction pipe and box.More specifically, the radiation impermeability compound (for example iodine compound) with more weak weakening character can be used for the example of suction pipe and juice box, perhaps has the concentration that the radiation impermeability compound (for example bismuth compound) that weakens character more by force can be lower and uses.

Other packaging industry also can have benefited from principle of the present invention.In the disposable medical product, most of device is made of plastics, if any part that contains in the device is lost, entire device can't be used.Use radiation impermeability plastics of the present invention, in factory the medical treatment of sealing is wrapped up and carry out X-ray examination, can guarantee that ingredients all in the medicine equipment all exists.In addition,, can use principle of the present invention with radiation impermeability made conduit at medical domain, can use like this x-ray apparatus carefully monitoring catheter be inserted into situation in the human body.By the insertion of monitoring catheter, the doctor can guarantee that conduit arrives the tram in patient's body.

As another purposes, at present can be by plastics-production rifle, cutter and explosive, the X-ray scanning instrument that use on the airport can't detect these article.If these plastics rifles, cutter and/or explosive are in terrorist's hand, then they can be used for threatening aircraft steward and passenger.Utilize principle of the present invention, government can require in all plastics rifles, cutter and the explosive in conjunction with one or more radiation impermeability materials of the present invention, and then the used X-ray scanning instrument in airport just is easy to detect these plastic articles.Consider the utmost importance that detects rifle, cutter and explosive on the airport, government should require to have the high radiation impermeability compound (for example bismuth compound) that weakens character and be used for these purposes.

Referring now to Fig. 3,, the radiation examination device 50 and the method that are used to detect radiopaque polymer product 10 of the present invention have been described.In method shown in Figure 3, in the high speed manufacturing process, the box or other container 52 that combine radiopaque polymer product 10 move along transport tape 60.This preferred embodiment in, X-ray tube 70 is used for producing and detects box or other container 52 and whether have the required radiation of radiopaque polymer product 10.X-ray tube 70 is by 72 controls of X ray controller, and this controller 72 carries control signal to high pressure generator 74.High pressure generator 74 applies high pressure between the anode of X-ray tube 70 and negative electrode, produce X ray 76.Stereotype 78 with slit 79 is arranged between X-ray tube 70 and box or other container 52.This stereotype 79 is used to the box or other container 52 that make X ray concentrate on examine, prevents external X-ray injury manufacturing operator.

By behind the box or other container 52 of examine, detect X ray at X ray by X-ray detector 80.X-ray detector 80 comprises scintillater and one or more MOS image sensor.In this device, the X ray of incident is converted into visible light by scintillater, is detected by the MOS image sensor.Mos image sensor is output detection signal 82 subsequently, and the feature of this detection signal is corresponding to the amount of the incident X-rays radiation that is detected.

Signal processor 84 is used to analyze the detection signal 82 that receives from X-ray detector 80.Because box 52 transmitted X-rays radiation equably itself, the detection signal that does not have to interrupt shows there is not radiopaque polymer product 10 in the box 52.On the contrary, because radiopaque polymer product 10 can a part of radiation of blocking-up, show usually and have radiopaque polymer product 10 in the box so have sharp-pointed discontinuous detection signal.

Can further determine to exist really in the box 52 radiopaque polymer product 10 by the level or the pattern of measured X ray detector 80 detected X ray.For example, can the measured X ray detector 80 detect comprise the amount of radiation that radiation can detect the box 52 of goods 10, and be written into as template in the storer of data processor 84.Data processor 84 can be compared the level of each box 52 of back on the transport tape 60 with the value of the template of storage then, if two values are mated in predetermined margin tolerance, then data processor 84 can draw the conclusion that contains radiopaque polymer product 10 in the box 52 really.If opposite, then the conclusion of data processing 84 is to lack radiopaque polymer product 10 in the box 52, and it can remind the staff to note this defective box 12 with signal conveys to warning horn 86.Perhaps, data processor 84 can be indicated operating unit 88 to stop assembly line or this defective box is rejected from assembly line.

In order to check more accurately, X-ray detector 80 can have the pattern that detects pixel, the transmitance of x-ray radiation in the less appointed area of each pixel detection.In order to set up template, the box 52 that comprises radiopaque polymer product 10 is used x-ray bombardment, detects X ray by pattern of pixels.Then with the level of the X ray of each pixel detection as template stores in the storer of data processor 84, the inspection after being used for.Then for each pixel, the level of the detection radiation of each box 52 of checking in 84 pairs of manufacture processes of data processor and the template of storage compare, at first determine in predetermined margin tolerance, whether to contain radiopaque polymer product 10 in the box of being checked 52.The shape that can be used for determining radiopaque polymer product from the data of concrete detection pixel reception subsequently.And, use the detection pixel whether to have crack, breach or other defective in the analyzing radiation impermeability polymer product 10.Described in radiation impermeability equipment the existence of using pixel data to detect crack in the goods or breach among the United States Patent (USP) 6574303B2 of Sawada in more detail, the content of the document is by with reference to being incorporated into this.

In detecting box the existence and quality of required article, radiation examination device 50 shown in Figure 3 can be simultaneously or is separately and exclusively detected and do not wish the pollutant that occurs, for example stone, dirt or metal fragment.Because it is different with radiation impermeability polymkeric substance with box that this pollutant weakens the degree of radiation, data processor 84 can utilize the suspicious difference on the detected radiation weakening degree to give the alarm 86, perhaps utilizes operating unit 88 to stop transport tape 60.

Up to now, focus concentrates on and is used to form on the method and composition that the radiation impermeability can detect goods.Yet many same principles can be applicable to make on the goods of deleterious effect of radiation proof (comprising ultraviolet, electromagnetism, radio frequency, X ray and γ radiation) and other harm (for example, fire, chemistry, biology and bomb harm).For example, in the inventor's common unexamined priority application sequence number 10/620954, radiation impermeability polymkeric substance of the present invention can be used for making the clothes of taking precautions against radiation and other harm, and the content of the document is incorporated into this by reference.Similarly, the lightweight radiation protection material is sprayed, is adhered or is applied on the preformed article in the preceding example with it, it is identical to make that it has the mode of radiation detectability, and the potpourri of same type also can be by spraying, adhere or be applied on the clothes, makes it have radiation protection.

Fig. 4 has shown whole body clothes 100, and this clothes is made by anti-radiation protection polymeric blends of the present invention.For surface protection completely is provided, whole body clothes 100 integral body that should preferably cover each part of human body connect the body clothes.Around hand and pin zone, use elastic cord 112,114 closely next to the shin to guarantee.Perhaps, gloves 116, boots 118 and face shield 120 can be independent objects, and they are overlapping with the remainder that connects the body clothes, so just do not have skin surface to come out.Whole body clothes 110 can also comprise hook-type and circle formula fastener or slide fastener 119, and the user enters in the whole body clothes 110 easily like this.In whole body clothes 110, preferably include transparent eyeshade 124, so that the protection to face to be provided.For for simplicity, eyeshade 124 can be (for example the using angle rivet 126) of twisting, the eyeshade 124 so that user can overturn up and down.Perhaps, the eye protective device can be independent device, for example the safety glasses (not shown).For anti-radiation protection is provided, eyeshade 124 preferred combination lead or other can weaken the radiation impermeability compound of radiation.

Referring to Fig. 6; the cross section Figure 200 that has shown compound substance; when this material is incorporated in the goods; protection can be provided; except resisting the harm that causes by radiation; can also resist manyly has the harm of threat to life, comprises toxic chemicals, infectious biological agent, fire and metal projectiles harm.Part as this multiple harm protection compound substance has two-layer fabrics 204 and 208, clips anti-radiation protection polymeric blends 206 between this two-layer fabrics.Except this three layer 204,206,208, also has other layer 210,220,230, to take precautions against different harm.For example, can add atresia chemical coating 210 and/or 220 to three anti-radiation protection layers 204,206 and 208.This atresia chemosphere can be to be layered in the polymer film 210 on three anti-radiation protection layers 204,206,208 and/or to make or otherwise attached to the chemoproection fabric 220 on three anti-radiation protection layers.

This chemical coating 210,220 can be made by known chemical protection polymkeric substance and/or fabric.For example, the known chemical protection fabric of a class is a supatex fabric, for example by DuPont with trade name Tyvek

Revolving fast of selling spun (flashspun) polyethylene fabric, polypropylene fabric, for example Kimberly-Clark ＇ s Kleenguard ^TM, Kappler ＇ s Proshield l ^TM, Lakeland ＇ s Safeguard76 ^TM, tygon and polyacrylic mixed goods, and cellulose based fabric, for example DuPont ＇ sSontara ^TMWith Kimberly Clark ＇ s Prevail ^TMThe supatex fabric of similar type can be that a class is laminated to the plastic foil on the one or both sides of supatex fabric, comprises DuPont ＇ s TyChem

The fabric of series, Kimberly Clark ＇ s HazardGard I, II ^TMFabric, Kappler ＇ s CPF ^TMWith the fabric of Responder series, and ILC Dover ＇ s Ready 1 Fabric ^TMThese supatex fabric usually with three radiation protection layers 204,206 and 208 combinations, by making or alternate manner is adhered together fabric.

Can also use Polyvinylchloride and/or haloflex film (ILC Dover ＇ sChemturion for example ^TM) give chemical protective.These films can be stacked or be expressed on three anti-radiation protection layers 204,206 and 208.

Another kind of chemical coating is the polymer film with meticulous hole that is layered on the fabric, and described fabric is Gore-tax for example

Or the polypropylene-base fabric, such as DuPont ＇ s NexGen ^TM, KimberlyClark ＇ s Kleenguard Ultra ^TM, Lakeland ＇ s Micro-Max ^TMWith Kappler ＇ s Proshield2 ^TMCan further provide chemoproection by the material (for example carbon/fabric combination of selling) that combines adsorbed layer by Blucher GmbH and Lanx.Another kind of chemoproection fabric is the Woven fabric that all has been coated with rubber or plastics on one or both sides.The chemoproection fabric of these coatings comprises that Polyvinylchloride and nylon composite, polyurethane/nylon composite, neoprene/aramid composite thing, butyl/nylon composite, haloflex/nylon composite, teflon (are Teflon

) glassfiber composite and chlorobutyl/aramid composite thing.

Because chemical coating 210,220 is atresia preferably, it also can take precautions against infectious biological agent.

Though fabric shown in Figure 6 is only by adding the protection that one or more chemical coatings 210,220 just can provide wide region to three anti-radiation protection layers 204,206,208, can be further or select layers 210,220 and 230 harm or the promotion dissipation of heats of taking precautions against other separately.For example, when chemical coating 210 was the plastics overlapping layers, layer 220 shown in Figure 6 can be that another kind is weaved or non-woven fabric layer, and layer 230 can be a fireprotection layer, for example by DuPont's

The layer that fire-resistant aromatic poly-amide fabric is produced.The fire resistive material of other type comprises

With

The combination of the combination of aromatic poly-amide fabric (for example being sold by Southern Mills), melamine resin and aramid fibre, teflon are (promptly

) with the combination and the Mylar of combination, polyimide and the aramid fibre of combination, polyphenylene Ben Bing Er oxazole and the aramid fibre of combination, polybenzimidazoles and the aramid fibre of combination, rayon and the aramid fibre of aramid fibre ^TMPlastic foil.And traditional flame-retardant additive comprises aluminum trihydrate (ATH), magnesium hydroxide or organic bromide or chloride.Perhaps, layer 230 can be the bullet or the shrapnel resistant layer of being produced by the aromatic poly amide that can tackle bullet (bulletstopping) and/or polyethylene fibre.

By dissipation of heat material cambium layer 230 may also be the selection that suits.A kind of method that forms this radiation layer is to form compound (for example silver, copper, gold, aluminium, beryllium, calcium, tungsten, magnesium, zinc, iron, nickel, molybdenum, carbon and/or tin) and the polymer mixed of the identical mode of radiation protection layer 206 with high heat conductance according to anti-radiation protection material and polymer mixed.

Though shown six layers of hazard protective fabric 200 among Fig. 6, those skilled in the art recognize the multiple hazard protective fabric that can produce greater or less than six layers easily.For example, show among Fig. 6 weave or non-woven fabric layer 204 and 208 can omit.Different hazard protective layer or radiation layer can also be combined together to form individual layer.For example, itself can provide superior dissipation of heat character though have been found that radiation protection layer 206 of the present invention, add heat-flash conductor (for example silver, copper and/or aluminium) in the radiation impermeability mixtures of material in radiation protection layer 206 and can improve these dissipation of heat character.

Referring now to Fig. 7,, shown bullet-proof vest 300 with extra hazard protective character.Most of bullet-proof vest 300 is conventional design, is similar to show in No. the 4989266th, the United States Patent (USP) of Borgese, and the content of the document is by with reference to being incorporated into this.Shellproof protection is mainly provided by polyethylene fiber layer 314 and/or aramid fibre layer 316.The commercially available polyethylene fabric that is used for bullet-proof vest comprises the Spectra of Honeywell ^TMThe ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric of series and the Spectraguard of Honeywell ^TMUltra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabric (also comprising glass fibre).The commercially available aromatic poly-amide fabric that is used for bullet-proof vest comprises the Kevlar of DuPont

The aromatic poly-amide fabric of series and the Twaron of Akzo ^TMThe aromatic poly-amide fabric of series.In this preferred example, bullet-proof vest has one or more two aramid fibre layers 316 between the polyethylene fiber layer 314 that are clipped in.In order to obtain protection, make many layer aramid fibres 314 and/or polyethylene fibre 316 usually at the higher level of bullet and shrapnel.Place the several layers bullet resistant material by the direction that is in 90 °, and they are encapsulated between the thermoplastic material layer gain in strength.Can add pottery and plate higher levels of protection is provided.Bullet-proof vest 300 shown in Figure 7 preferably inserts shell 312 by fabric and keeps together.

In order to increase the hazard protective of bullet-proof vest shown in Figure 7 300, can insert extra layer 320.In one embodiment, this additional layer 320 is radiation protection layers.By bullet-proof vest being increased this radiation protection layer, bullet-proof vest will obtain to take precautions against the protectiveness of radiation and bullet and shrapnel.Similarly, can give bullet-proof vest to take precautions against fire, chemistry and/or biological protectiveness by using a class multilayer material of when Fig. 6 is discussed, describing.In having only radiation proof situation, people wish the health of extra play 320 near the user usually, to utilize the superior dissipation of heat character of radiation protection layer.On the contrary, if the fire of strick precaution, chemistry and/or biological fabric are arranged, people wish the outside of this layer near bullet-proof vest usually, infiltrate in the bullet-proof vest 300 to prevent pollutant.

With reference now to Fig. 8,, many parts (multipiece) protection clothes 400 that can be used as underwear have been shown.In some embodiments, people preferably cover up the fact of having dressed protective clothing.For example, police or other emergency disposal personnel need be taken precautions against radiation and other harm, can not point out other people to have these harm again simultaneously.Similarly, need prevent to be exposed to continuously radiation the personnel of airport operations x-ray detector, but can not draw the airport passenger fear simultaneously, worry that they contact with this x-ray detector chance on whole working day.

In the embodiment of Fig. 8, this many parts protective clothing comprises vest 410, two shoulder sheets 420,430, preceding groin sheets 440 of groin sheet (rear groin flap) and two personal share portion sheets 450 after one.By neckline (head hole) 412, vest 410 can be enclosed within on user's the head, preceding like this vest sheet 414 will cover user's chest, and back vest sheet 415 will cover user's back.In order to realize snug fit, use and be with 416 preceding vest sheet 414 is connected with back vest sheet 415.Can many known method fixed bands 416, comprise hasp, VELCRO ^TMSecuring member, back up pad (tiestraps), bracelet etc.Back groin sheet 430 and preceding groin sheet 440 are used to protect user's waist and inguinal region.Back groin sheet 430 is enclosed within user's buttocks, and preceding groin sheet 440 is enclosed within user's groin.What top was provided is with 434,444, makes back groin sheet 430 and preceding groin sheet 440 can be connected to the bottom of vest 410, and they can hang from vest like this.For snug fit, what the bottom all was provided on groin sheet 430 and 440 is with 432,442, and they can be pulled through from the groin bottom, with the coupling groin sheet 430,440 the bottom be with 432,442 to be connected.In order to protect user's thigh portion, provide two personal share portion sheets 450.These bursts portion sheet 450 is crooked, makes that they can be round user left side thigh portion and right side thigh portion.All have four on each sheet of these bursts portion sheet and be with 452,454.The thigh portion sheet band 452 of bottom is fastened with the thigh portion sheet band 452 of the bottom of mating around user's upper leg.On the contrary, the thigh portion sheet band 454 on top can be fastened with the bottom of preceding groin sheet 440, perhaps as the thigh portion sheet band 452 of bottom, can fasten with the thigh portion sheet band 454 on the top of mating round user's upper leg.Shoulder by shoulder sheet 420 protection users.These shoulder sheets 420 are used to cover user's left side shoulder and right shoulder, are connected with the top 418 of vest 410 simultaneously.Open wide and use shoulder sheet 420 annexes by the sidepiece that makes vest 410, many parts protection clothes 400 of the present invention can make shoulder free movable, and the protection to vitals is provided simultaneously.Similarly, by vest 410 and groin sheet 430,440 are separated with thigh portion sheet 450, the user can freely mobile leg and trunk, obtains the protection to vitals simultaneously.

Many parts protection clothes 400 are made by the radiation and the hazard protective material of above-mentioned same type.For radiation-resistant situation only, can the radiation protection polymer film be applied on the fabric according to common unexamined application 10/620954 described mode, be cut into shape shown in Figure 8 then.Perhaps, the multilayer material of type shown in Figure 6 or the layered composite of type shown in Figure 7 are cut into shape shown in Figure 8, the protective value of taking precautions against multiple harm is provided, these harm comprise that radiation, chemistry, biology are or/and projectile harm.Except underwear, these same principle can be applicable to produce coverture, jacket, trousers, shirt, curtain, X ray apron, vest, cap, gloves and the similar protective article of coverture, strick precaution " dirty " bullet or the nuclear bomb of taking precautions against harm.These identical principles also can be applicable to make and are used for vehicle, wall, vessel, aircraft, spacecraft, house foundation facility and container to stop the electromagnetism in the wide region and the liner or the coating of ionising radiation.

Fig. 9 has shown the another kind of embodiment of the assembly that makes up many parts protection clothes 400.In this embodiment, make up back groin sheet 530 by standard fabric with the pocket form.Form with plug-in unit 540 prepares one or more layers protective seam then, and these plug-in units can match with the top of pocket.In order to prevent that plug-in unit 540 from dropping from pocket after insertion, make in the bottom of textile bags 530 and be with 536.According to desired harm, this adopts the method for textile bags 530 and plug-in unit 540 to allow to use dissimilar plug-in units.For example, if the user can use the plug-in unit of only taking precautions against radiation hazard so only in the face of radiation hazard.On the other hand, if also may run into projectile, chemistry or biohazard, then use the plug-in unit of the more volume of taking precautions against these extra harm.This class pocket 530 and plug-in unit 540 can also be used for forming pocket at vest 410 (common Fig. 8) back, for example, provide the Additional Protection to vertebra, perhaps as band to insert belt or waistband.

In addition, the development of nanometer technology recently can be used for producing better radiation and can detect and protective article.In some embodiments, these radiation weaken goods can also provide protection, takes precautions against the harm (for example fire, chemistry, biology and projectile harm) of other type and the electromagnetic radiation energy in the strick precaution wide region.

Nano material is to have architectural feature (for example, granularity or particle size) material is of a size of the 1-100 nanometer at least on a dimension.Because the small size and the high-specific surface area/volume ratio of nano material, these material lists reveal unique machinery, electricity, electronics and optical property.In addition, nano material is different from conventional micron order material, is not easy to generate bigger stress so and concentrates, thereby improved their yield strength, pulling strengrth and Young modulus.

In the present invention, use nano material according to three kinds of different modes at least.In one embodiment, nano material is joined in the radiation protection polymeric blends of previous announcement,, for example take precautions against fire, chemistry, biology and/or projectile to improve radiation protection or other protection is provided.In second embodiment, the nano particle or the anti-material of other harm guarantor that are formed by radiation impermeability material (for example barium, bismuth, tungsten etc.) are used for polymeric blends, rather than use the identical or similar protective materials of more volume form.Use radiation impermeability nano material that radiation impermeability material more is evenly dispersed in the polymeric blends, thereby might before polymkeric substance becomes fragile, make radiation impermeability concentration of material higher.In the 3rd embodiment, nano material forms discontinuous layer of nanomaterial, and this discontinuous layer of nanomaterial can join in the product, perhaps forms independently product.

Be used for nano material of the present invention and comprise nano particle, nanotube and nano-plates.

Being used for nano material of the present invention first type is nano particle.Suitable nano particle comprises the nano particle of nanometer powder, nano ceramics, nanoshell, nanosphere and other hemisphere and the parabolic shape of conventional radiation impermeability material.With radiation impermeability nanometer powder substitute large volume radiation impermeability material or in potpourri the radiation impermeability powder of combining nano size and micron-scale, can improve the relative scale of radiation impermeability material in the polymeric blends.By in polymkeric substance in conjunction with the radiation impermeability nanometer powder of higher proportion, the electromagnetic radiation weakening ability of products obtained therefrom strengthens.

The nanometer powder of radiation impermeability material is commercially available, can use the hybrid technology of standard to be attached in the polymkeric substance.The type of spendable radiation impermeability nanometer powder comprises: tungsten, barium, boron, lead, tin, bismuth, depleted uranium, cerium, yttrium, tantalum, lanthanum, neodymium and their compound.Tungsten (APS:100 nanometer) and tantalum (APS:100 nanometer) nanometer powder can be from for example Argonide Nanomaterial Technologies, Sanford, and Florida buys.The rare earth radiation impermeability nano material of cerium oxide, yttria or neodymia can be from NanoProducts Corporation, Longmont, and CO buys.

And the nano particle that forms with the shape of hollow nano-sphere, nanometer hemisphere, nanometer para-curve and nanoshell can be used for the present invention, to realize radio shielding and the decay in the wide electromagnetic radiation wave band.The nano particle of these shapings it is believed that and can reflect according to the mode that is similar to minute surface refraction, reflects and catches light wave, reflection and trapped radiation.Because it is different with powder radiation impermeability nano particle to it is believed that the nano particle of these shapings weakens the mode of radiation, so the nano particle of these shapings needn't be formed by radiation impermeability material, but can be formed by the material of metal/semiconductor composite grain and so on.For example, have been found that the gold nano grain of mixed C dS coating shows the plasmon resonance absorption of red shift.The function that this resonance absorption band of metal nanoparticle is a grain graininess.Along with granularity reduces, can reach theoretical wavelength with absorption maximum intensity.By these metal nano balls, nanometer hemisphere and nanometer parabolic structure that generation has given shape and curvature, its class light property can be used to weaken the electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, comprises radiowave, ultraviolet ray and ionising radiation, for example X ray and gamma-rays.Be different from conventional heavy metal and absorb or scattered electromagnetic radiation, these nano particles make electromagnetic radiation change direction, migration or reflection effectively, are converted into lower energy or heat then.

Referring to Fig. 5 A, shown the refraction of 134 pairs of radiation 132 of concave surface of nanometer hemisphere.In Fig. 5 B, radiation 142 is outer recessed surperficial 144 by nanosphere 140, but in internal reflection, thereby caught by the concave surface 146 of this nanosphere 140.

As known in the art, the tuned antenna of para-curve or semi-spherical shape has the direction character of highly significant.Similarly, when the nanoscale radiation produced similarly resonance character, people wished that preferentially the locus with nano material is orientated generation and can stops from the layer of the next radiation of specific direction (for example, the protection clothes are outside).But the coating of the particle by applying hundreds of layer random distribution can realize the shielding to all directions effectively.In order to obtain better performance, the coating of this class nano material should have minimum space.Therefore, when the potpourri of preparation nano material and bonding agent, nano material should preferably occupy the major part of coating, for example, surpasses 70 weight %, more preferably at 85 weight % to 95 weight %.

Can also in radiation impermeability polymeric blends, add the ceramic nano particle, not only improve physical strength,, as pulling strengrth and creep resistance, and improved thermotolerance, bullet-proof, electromagnetism weakening ability and neutron ejection weakening ability.Can advantageously the ceramic nano powder be attached in the polymeric blends, to provide radiation to weaken ability, these ceramic nano powder comprise, but be not limited to, aluminium, zirconium, silicon, titanyl compound, mullite and spinel, and carbide, such as boron carbide, silit, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, silicon nitride, titanium diboride, zirconium diboride and other intermetallic compound, for example nickel aluminide, titanium aluminide and two silicic acid molybdenums.Can prepare these ceramic nano materials by many methods, comprise that chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, conventional powder processing (being sol-gel process), plasma are synthetic, pyrolytic, carbon thermal reduction, hydrothermal treatment consists, emulsification treatment, burning are synthetic, NIST method, precipitation, electric arc and ball milling.Can also in pottery, add the metal second phase particle, to improve the character of machinery, calorifics and electromagnetism weakening aspect.Can use conventional PM technique and solution chemical processes such as sol-gel and coprecipitation method that the metal of tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, copper, cobalt and iron and so on is joined in the pottery.

Perhaps, can be by several other technology synthesis of nano particles.A kind of such technology is the colloid mould plate technique, wherein is coated with inside movably template particles such as silicon dioxide and polymer drops with metal material in multistep colloid or gas phase assembling, removes template particles then, produces empty betal can.On granular formwork, produce the notion that uniform coating is based on the organic molecule material of self assembly by the colloid self assembly.The two ends of the molecule that connects have specific functional group (being mercaptan, amine, carboxyl), can appointment and template and the specific interaction of cluster body generation that is used to prepare coating.Molecule causes the tightly packed of cluster body around the even close packing of template, forms porous but the shell in full space around template.Do not have the magnetic-particle of interactional metal coating, comprise SiO ₂/ Au, Fe ₃O ₄The semiconductor grain of/Au, NiO/Co, silver, platinum, tantalum, tungsten, aluminium and copper or coating, for example PbS/CdS is this class composite particles example of structure.Perhaps, the CdS Nano composite granules of the PbS coating that in reverse micro emulsion, is several nanometers by the synthetic particle diameter of ion exchange.The nonlinearity of these Nano composite granules refraction results from the interaction of optical Stark effect and strong interface effect and inner nano particle.

Can utilize the synthetic hollow nano-sphere of Kirkendall effect of Nano grade.When the nanocrystal of cobalt and so on contact sulphur, both there are differences aspect diffusion, and cobalt atom moves up with speed quickly than sulphur atom, therefore produces the hollow nano-sphere of cobalt sulfide.Cobalt oxide and cobaltous selenide also can be synthetic by this technology.Similarly, can use this technology to synthesize other metal, for example silver, gold, platinum, aluminium, copper and tungsten.

Can also form by in-situ particle/in-situ polymerization prepares nano particle.In the method, the suspending liquid that in the presence of polymkeric substance, prepares stable metallic particles.In case in solution, compound just can be cast, the monomer that perhaps adds the polymkeric substance of other identical or different type forms nano-complex.Be reflected under the existence of protectiveness polymkeric substance and carry out, described polymkeric substance has limited the size of gained nano-complex.Also control granularity by the selection of metal precursor and the interaction of metal/polymer.For example, if PdCl ₂With (NH ₄) ₂PdCl ₄Relatively, the former often forms the complex compound of halogen bridge joint, therefore often form the aggregate of nano particle, and the latter can not.The interaction of metal precursor and polymkeric substance also is very important for the control granularity.If the interaction of polymkeric substance and precursor is stronger, then granularity is often reduced because being separated of metal precursor hindered.Use this technology, can also form nano particle by using the micella that forms by both sexes block polymer or crosslinked gel-type vehicle.Use multipolymer to form micella, the slaine of introducing penetrates micella or is stabilized in the micella hat.Add reductive agent, in micella or in the micella hat, form metallic particles, obtain some kinds of forms.

In general, according to the synthetic technology that is adopted, can control the granularity of nano particle by several method.For example, in gas phase, can control the granularity of synthetic particle by changing systematic parameter (for example temperature, gas flow and system pressure).In other method such as sol-gel technique, adjust granularity by the concentration and the temperature that change solution.In mechanical lapping, granularity depends primarily on the speed and the milling time of abrasive media.

The hollow Nano crystal can be purchased from the Molecular Foundry of the Berkeley National Laboratory of Berkeley California, the synthetic specially hollow metal of the said firm, metal oxide/sulfide nanocrystal.

Being used for nano material of the present invention second type is nanotube.Nanotube is formed by carbon usually.When adding nanotube in polymeric blends, nanotube is represented the another kind of method that improves engineering properties (for example modulus), chemical resistance, anti-flammability, intensity and the conductivity of potpourri.Carbon nano-tube has unique electrical properties, and this is because the electronic conduction approach in the nanotube is limited in the radial direction, so they can be used for weakening electromagnetic radiation.The method that produces these nanotubes comprises the chemical vapour deposition technique that uses catalyzer and hydrocarbon precursor to make nanotube growth.Can also pass through electric arc, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition and high pressure carbon monoxide and transform (HiPCO) preparation nanotube.HiPCO utilizes the high pressure disproportionation reaction of CO gas in the presence of the iron carbonyi steam to produce a large amount of purity to reach 80% nanotube.The nanotube of other type comprises the hexagonal boron nitride nanotube, (be MoS by two chalcogenides ₂, WS ₂) preparation nanotube, oxide (be V ₂O, MoO ₃) nanotube, gold nanotubes and organic nanotube.Nanotube can be from Materials and Electrochemical Research Corporation ofTucson, and Arizona is purchased.

After production, before nanotube being attached to radiation impermeability polymeric blends of the present invention, should carry out purification process to nanotube earlier.The method of purification process comprises preliminary filtration, dissolving, microfiltration, sedimentation and chromatography.The preferred then nanotube product with gained is dispersed in the polymeric blends that contains surfactant (for example lauryl sodium sulfate).

The nano material that can join the third type in the radiation impermeability polymeric blends is nano-plates (a tabular nanofiber).Nano-plates is to have the stratified material that high-aspect-ratio, thickness are about 1 nanometer usually.

When with a certain amount of when joining in the polymeric blends, nano-plates will improve chemical resistance, bullet-proof, fire line, anti-electromagnetic radiation and the anti-neutron of potpourri.Nano-plates comprises nanoclay, for example montmorillonitic clay.Montmorillonitic clay belongs to terre verte family, also comprises the clay of bentonitic clay, hectorite, pyrophyllite, talcum, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite and nontronite, laminar silicic acid (being water silicon sodium stone and horse water sodium silica) and layered double-hydroxide and so on.Also can use the clay that is selected from other family, for example smalite and chlorite and other phyllosilicate, for example mica.Transition metal two chalcogenides (promptly being embedded with the tantalum disulfide of lithium) can be dispersed in the polymeric blends, the character that potpourri is had be similar to nanoclay (because they have similar layer structure), and improved electromagnetic radiation and weaken ability.

Natural nano clay (for example terre verte) is the weak jointing material of height stratification.Each layer is made up of two silicon dioxide tetrahedrons, and wherein tetrahedral limit and aluminium oxide or magnesian octahedral sheet are shared.Replace because aluminium oxide enters the isomorphism of silicate layer or magnesium substitution of Al, each unit has negative charge.The natural nano clay seam is by charge compensation kation (lithium (Li for example ⁺), sodium (Na ⁺), potassium (K ⁺) and calcium (Ca ⁺)) layer keep together.These charge compensation kations provide nanoclay to be dispersed in the abundant chemistry embedding required in the polymkeric substance and the approach of surface modification.Synthesis of clay (for example hydrotalcite) has positive charge on nano-plates.In order to make these laminar nano clays can be used for radiation impermeability polymeric blends, should make these layers separation and suitably be dispersed in the potpourri.In the situation of the nanoclay of silicate clay and so on, they itself are hydrophilic, and polymkeric substance is hydrophobic often.In order to make these clays realize embedding and coming off, bedding void of these clays (galleries) or layer must be open, and the polarity of gained clay must with the polarities match of polymkeric substance, polymkeric substance can be embedded between the layer like this.Substitute inorganic cation with organic cation and can realize this purpose.Bigger organic cation expands layer, has improved the hydrophobic property of clay.Can polymkeric substance be embedded in the organically-modified clay by several approach then.For the clay that has positive charge (for example hydrotalcite), can use anionic surfactant.According to the selection of polymkeric substance, can adopt the clay alteration method of other type.These methods comprise that ion-dipole interacts, and use silane coupling agent and use block polymer.The interactional example of ion-dipole is that micromolecule (for example dodecyl pyrrolidone) is embedded in the clay.Use silane coupler modified clay edge can overcome clay limit and the disadvantageous interaction of polymkeric substance.Perhaps, can handle by the compatibilized of using multipolymer to carry out clay and polymkeric substance, wherein a kind of component and the clay of multipolymer are compatible, the another kind of component and the polymer-compatible of multipolymer.

By a small amount of clay (about 2-5 weight %) is attached in the polymeric blends, can obviously improve the tolerance of polymeric blends to Harmful chemicals.But the degree that chemical resistance improves depends on many factors, for example the degree that nano-plates comes off in the polymeric blends, nanomaterial-filled dose the arranging situation of percentage, its length breadth ratio and nano-plates.Owing to combine nanoclay in polymeric blends, the transmittability that oxygen passes potpourri obviously descends, and like this, the degraded of polymkeric substance reduces because of the resin oxidation reduces, thereby has improved flame-retardant nature.In addition, the inorganic coolant (sink) that can be used as mutually prevents that polymer chain from decomposing.

In order to improve the anti-flammability of polymeric blends of the present invention, add traditional flame-retardant additive usually, for example aluminum trihydrate (ATH), magnesium hydroxide or organic bromide and chloride.But necessary usually these flame-retardant additives that add high content just can reach receivable flame retardant level (for example for cable or electric wire).These high additive levels make manufacturing process more difficult, thereby the polymerization end-product is become fragile.

In the present invention, nano material can be used in the polymeric blends to overcome the embrittlement problem of fire retardant.More specifically, nanoclay (for example 2-10%) than low weight percentage can be added with traditional large volume flame-retardant additive (for example ATH or magnesium hydroxide), realize the required additive loadings of flame retardant level identical or the raising polymeric blends with obvious reduction.Other nanoscale flame-retardant additive that can add in polymeric blends is Nano/micron level oxide such as antimony oxide, the Nano/micron level compound of molybdenum, titanium, zirconium and zinc.Silit, nitric acid silicon, aluminium nitride, nano-tube, carbon nano-tube, boron nitride nano-tube also can be used for improving the anti-flammability of polymkeric substance.And conventional flame-retardant additive (for example ATH or magnesium hydroxide) can nano level scope add, thereby more effectively obtains the anti-flammability of polymeric blends.By using these nano materials, the intensity of resulting polymers potpourri is higher, weight is lighter, flexible better.

Using a critical limitation of nano material in polymer composition is processing procedure.More specifically, nano material tends to reunite to reduce their surface area, and therefore, under suitably not disperseing and being distributed to situation in the polymeric blends, the gained nano-complex can't obtain required character.In order effectively nano material being dispersed in the polymkeric substance, and to handle the potpourri of gained, should to carry out surface modification nano material by standard fabrication technique.For example, in the situation of nanoclay, surface of clay is carried out modification, make clay to be attracted on polymer resin matrix, thereby disperseed fully by known compatibilizing method.Two kinds of compatibilizing methods the most conventional are that ion modification and ion-dipole interact.

After the problem that has overcome the nano material reunion, there are three kinds of conventional methods that nano material is dispersed in the polymeric blends.First method be make polymkeric substance with as independent mutually or the nano material of solution directly mix.Second method is carried out in-situ polymerization in the presence of nano material, the third method is to comprise the original position formation of nano material and the in-situ particle processing of in-situ polymerization.

For example, in order to prepare chemical-resistant anti-flaming nano compound, polymkeric substance (for example ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA)) directly can be mixed with nano-plates such as nanoclay, silicic acid or transition metal two chalcogenides.Can under the situation that has or do not exist conventional flame retardants (for example ATH and magnesium hydroxide), prepare this potpourri.The polymeric blends of gained can be processed in double screw extrusion machine subsequently, uses blowing or Shooting Technique to form required product.Mix a large amount of shearing forces of generation with double screw extrusion machine, help nano material in polymeric blends, to come off.Adding nanoclay or nanotube can improve the viscosity of polymeric blends.Therefore, should come the rheological property of close supervision potpourri by adding with used polymkeric substance and the compatible rheologic additive of filler (being nanoclay or nanotube).

In order to produce Protection Product of the present invention, nano material can also be coated on several different base materials, comprise polymeric substrate.Use known technology, for example evaporation, sputter (glow discharge/ion and bundle/laser), ion plating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD, thermal spray, dip-coating, fluidized bed and atomized liquid spraying can be coated on nano-complex on several different base materials.And, can by other technology as do not have auxiliary spraying, the auxiliary spraying of high-voltage electric field, by roller coat, extrude, the prior art of coating and coextrusion and so on carries out the liquid coating nano material is applied on the different substrate materials as coating.

Perhaps, can be with on the nano material paint flexible thin film, pressure-sensitive adhesive is gone up in coating subsequently, produces the material of adhesion certainly with shield property.In order to protect human body skin to avoid solar ultraviolet radiation, for example, nano material can be mixed with bonding agent, form the spray or the ointment that are applied directly on the skin.In addition, because the thickness of the capable nano material of hundreds of is on several microns rank, be transparent, so it can be used to make safety goggles and other transparent shroud with splendid optical property so nano shielding material of the present invention can be prepared into visible light.

Referring now to Figure 10,, shown a kind of bomb container 760, it comprises that bomb holds ball 762, open front 764, wheel assembly 766 and bomb dish 768.The ball 762 of bomb container 760 and open front 764 are made by the hard material (for example hardened steel) of antiknock.Though existing bomb container 760 is designed to hold the conventional bomb blast, they is not designed to catch or to weaken nuclear radiation, for example γ and neutron ejection or radiation.But, use principle of the present invention, bomb container 760 can be redesigned and can also take precautions against the nuclear risk that produces by for example " dirty " bullet or radioactivity bomb.

In preferred embodiment, anti-radiation protection polymeric layer 770 is applied to the outside of bomb container 760.As previously mentioned, form anti-radiation protection polymeric layer 770 by comprising radiation impermeability material and one or more mixture of polymers of mentioning before mentioned before one or more.In preferred implementation shown in Figure 10, radiation impermeability polymeric blends is used to form crooked radiation impermeability brick 772.These radiation impermeability bricks 772 can form by any known manufacture method, and these methods comprise injection moulding, extrude, vacuum forming, drape forming, pressure forming and piston assist formation.Then radiation impermeability brick 772 is adhered on the outside surface of bomb container 760, and adhesion mutually.In order to improve the outward appearance of bomb container 760, on radiation impermeability brick 772, apply the smooth decorative layer (not shown) of one deck subsequently.Perhaps, radiation impermeability polymeric layer can be used as whole article and forms, perhaps can be by bonding agent spraying, rotational molding, injection moulding, be immersed in the liquid bath, paint or other known coating and injection moulding process be coated on the outside or inner of bomb container equably.

In operation, the hardened material of bomb container 760 will hold the explosive force of bomb, and anti-radiation protection layer 770 of the present invention will hold any radiation of being sent by bomb.Though anti-radiation protection layer of the present invention can also be applied to the inside of bomb container 760, the inventor believes that the effect of doing like this is not high, because blast can destroy anti-radiation protection layer 770.

In the above description, the present invention has been described with reference to concrete preferred implementation and method.But, it will be apparent for a person skilled in the art that under the situation of broader spirit of the present invention that does not deviate from the claims qualification and scope, can carry out various modifications and variations.For example, those skilled in the art will recognize that principle of the present invention except described toy, utensil, weapon and medicine equipment before being applied to, can also be applied to the goods of many types.More specifically, in fact the radiation impermeability material that weight of the present invention is lighter can be incorporated in the plastic product (for example automobile component, phone, reservoir vessel etc.) of any kind, thereby can use X ray to determine the existence and/or the quality of this series products.In addition, in fact principle of the present invention can be applicable to the technology that all make plastic product.Though described X-ray examination in a preferred embodiment, can use the radiation (for example α, β or γ radiation) of other type to detect radiopaque polymer product.In the situation of nano material, because many nano materials have minimum toxicity through discovery, nano-complex can provide the tissue contrast of enhancing by intravenous injection or the oral human body that enters, and is used for radiography.Therefore, it is illustrative that instructions and accompanying drawing should be considered to, and nonrestrictive; The present invention only is defined by the following claims.

Claims (81)

1. method that detects radiopaque polymer product, it may further comprise the steps:

By being mixed with radiation impermeability material, polymkeric substance produces radiation impermeability polymeric blends;

Use described radiation impermeability polymeric blends to form radiopaque polymer product;

Make described radiopaque polymer product be exposed to radiation source;

Detect the amount of described radiation by described radiopaque polymer product;

Use the radiation of described detection to determine the existence and/or the quality of described radiation impermeability goods.

2. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described polymkeric substance is selected from down group: polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polysulfones, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon, ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers.

3. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material is selected from down group: barium, barium sulphate, barium chloride, other barium compound, tungsten, tungsten carbide, tungsten oxide, other tungsten compound, bismuth, bismuth compound, tantalum, tantalum compound, titanium, titanium compound, cardiografin, sodium acetrizoate, boron, boric acid, boron oxide compound, boron salt, other boron compound, beryllium, beryllium compound, bunaiod, thypaque sodium, ethiodized oil, iobenzamic acid, iocarmic acid, iocetamic acid, adipiodone, Iodixanol, iodated oil, iodoalphionic acid, hippuran, iodophthalein sodium, uriodone, ioglycamic acid, Iohexol, Falignost, Iopamidol, iopanoic acid, Iopentol, pantopaque, iophenoxic acid, Iopromide, iopronic acid, Iopydol, iopydone, iotalamic acid, Iotrolan, Ioversol, ioxaglic acid, Ioxilan, the 3-{[(dimethylamino) methylene] amino }-2,4,6-triiodo-benzene propionic acid, vasurix, the cardiografin methiodal sodium, metrizamide, Metrizoic Acid, phenobutiodil, phentetiothalein sodium, propyl iodone, iodomethamate sodium, sozoiodolic acid, thoria and platform are expected sodium.

4. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described polymeric blends also comprises one or more adjuvants that is selected from down group: plastifier, emulsifying agent, surfactant, suspending agent, levelling agent, dry promoter, bonding agent and flow enhancing agent.

5. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described polymeric blends also comprises fire retardant.

6. detection method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described fire retardant is selected from down group: aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, organic bromide and organic chloride.

7. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described polymeric blends also comprises nano material.

8. detection method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described nano material is selected from down group: nano particle, nanotube and nano-plates.

9. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material comprises lead.

10. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material comprises tin.

11. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product forms by extruding with injection moulding process.

12. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product forms by extruding with vacuum forming method.

13. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product forms by apply radiation impermeability coating on existing goods.

14. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiation source produces X ray.

15. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the content of the radiation that is blocked by measurement is determined the existence of described radiopaque polymer product.

16. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises a plurality of radiation detectors of arranging with pattern of pixels.

17. detection method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the amount of the radiation by determining each described pixel detection is determined the profile of described radiopaque polymer product.

18. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also detects whether there is pollutant.

19. detection method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the amount of the radiation by assessing each described pixel detection is confirmed any breach, crack or other defective in the described radiopaque polymer product.

20. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product is a prize.

21. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product is weapon or explosive.

22. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product is suction pipe or other food utensil.

23. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product is a medicine equipment.

24. detection method as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that, described medicine equipment is a conduit.

25. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiopaque polymer product is included in box or other container.

26. one kind is detected the method that whether contains polymer product in the box, it may further comprise the steps:

By being mixed with radiation impermeability material, polymkeric substance produces radiation impermeability polymeric blends;

Use described radiation impermeability polymeric blends to form polymer product;

Described goods are put into box;

Make described box be exposed to radiation source;

Detect the amount of described radiation by described box;

Use the radiation of described detection to determine whether to contain in the described box described radiation impermeability goods.

27. detection method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that described polymkeric substance is selected from down group: polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polycarbonate, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polysulfones, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon, ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers.

28. detection method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material is selected from down group: barium, barium sulphate, barium chloride, other barium compound, tungsten, tungsten carbide, tungsten oxide, other tungsten compound, bismuth, bismuth compound, tantalum, tantalum compound, titanium, titanium compound, cardiografin, sodium acetrizoate, boron, boric acid, boron oxide compound, boron salt, other boron compound, beryllium, beryllium compound, bunaiod, thypaque sodium, ethiodized oil, iobenzamic acid, iocarmic acid, iocetamic acid, adipiodone, Iodixanol, iodated oil, iodoalphionic acid, hippuran, iodophthalein sodium, uriodone, ioglycamic acid, Iohexol, Falignost, Iopamidol, iopanoic acid, Iopentol, pantopaque, iophenoxic acid, Iopromide, iopronic acid, Iopydol, iopydone, iotalamic acid, Iotrolan, Ioversol, ioxaglic acid, Ioxilan, the 3-{[(dimethylamino) methylene] amino }-2,4,6-triiodo-benzene propionic acid, vasurix, the cardiografin methiodal sodium, metrizamide, Metrizoic Acid, phenobutiodil, phentetiothalein sodium, propyl iodone, iodomethamate sodium, sozoiodolic acid, thoria and platform are expected sodium.

29. detection method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that described polymeric blends also comprises one or more adjuvants that is selected from down group: plastifier, emulsifying agent, surfactant, suspending agent, levelling agent, dry promoter, bonding agent and flow enhancing agent.

30. detection method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described polymeric blends also comprises fire retardant.

31. detection method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described fire retardant is selected from down group: aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, organic bromide and organic chloride.

32. detection method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described polymeric blends also comprises nano material.

33. detection method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described nano material is selected from down group: nano particle, nanotube and nano-plates.

34. an anti-radiation protection bomb container, it comprises:

Hollow anti-knock container;

Opening on described container, this opening inserts in the described container for bomb, and after bomb inserts, seals described container;

Radiation impermeability polymeric layer on described container comprises polymkeric substance and radiation impermeability material.

35. container as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that described polymkeric substance is selected from down group: polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polycarbonate, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polysulfones, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon, ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers.

36. container as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material is selected from down group: barium, barium sulphate, barium chloride, other barium compound, tungsten, tungsten carbide, tungsten oxide, other tungsten compound, bismuth, bismuth compound, tantalum, tantalum compound, titanium, titanium compound, cardiografin, sodium acetrizoate, boron, boric acid, boron oxide compound, boron salt, other boron compound, beryllium, beryllium compound, bunaiod, thypaque sodium, ethiodized oil, iobenzamic acid, iocarmic acid, iocetamic acid, adipiodone, Iodixanol, iodated oil, iodoalphionic acid, hippuran, iodophthalein sodium, uriodone, ioglycamic acid, Iohexol, Falignost, Iopamidol, iopanoic acid, Iopentol, pantopaque, iophenoxic acid, Iopromide, iopronic acid, Iopydol, iopydone, iotalamic acid, Iotrolan, Ioversol, ioxaglic acid, Ioxilan, the 3-{[(dimethylamino) methylene] amino }-2,4,6-triiodo-benzene propionic acid, vasurix, the cardiografin methiodal sodium, metrizamide, Metrizoic Acid, phenobutiodil, phentetiothalein sodium, propyl iodone, iodomethamate sodium, sozoiodolic acid, thoria and platform are expected sodium.

37. container as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that described polymeric layer also comprises one or more adjuvants that is selected from down group: plastifier, emulsifying agent, surfactant, suspending agent, levelling agent, dry promoter, bonding agent and flow enhancing agent.

38. container as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, described polymeric layer also comprises fire retardant.

39. container as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described fire retardant is selected from down group: aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, organic bromide and organic chloride.

40. container as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, described polymeric layer also comprises nano material.

41. container as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described nano material is selected from down group: nano particle, nanotube and nano-plates.

42. a radiation impermeability polymeric blends, it comprises polymkeric substance and radiation impermeability nano material.

43. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that described nano material is selected from down group: nano particle, nanotube and nano-plates.

44. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability nano material is formed by the material that is selected from down group: tungsten, barium, boron, tantalum, bismuth, depleted uranium, cerium oxide (CeO ₂), yttria (Y ₂O ₃), lanthana (La ₂O ₃) and neodymia (Nd ₂O ₃).

45. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability nano material is formed by the material that comprises lead or tin.

46. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability nano material is formed by the material that comprises transition metal two chalcogenides.

47. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that described nano material is selected from down group: nanosphere, nanometer hemisphere and nanometer parabola body.

48. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42, it is characterized in that described polymkeric substance is selected from down group: polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polysulfones, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon, ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers.

49. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, also comprises fire retardant.

50. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 49, it is characterized in that described fire retardant is selected from down group: antimony oxide, antimony pentoxide, molybdenum compound, titanium, zirconium, zinc, silit, nitric acid silicon, aluminium nitride, aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, organic bromide, organic chloride, natural and synthesis of nano clay, pyrophyllite, chlorite, terre verte, smectite, polygorskite, talcum, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite, nontronite and mica.

51. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that, also comprises the adjuvant that can improve chemistry, biology or projectile barrier propterty.

52. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that described adjuvant is selected from down group: complex oxide, carbide powder, nitride powder and the boride powder of aluminium oxide oxide, aironia oxides, ferrite oxide, titanate oxide, mixing.

53. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that described nano material is selected from down group: natural nano clay, synthesis of nano clay, laminar silicic acid and nanotube.

54. radiation impermeability polymeric blends as claimed in claim 42 is characterized in that described nano material is distributed in the whole described polymeric blends widely.

55. the polymeric blends that can take precautions against radiation and fire harm, it comprises:

Polymkeric substance;

Fire proofing; With

Radiation impermeability material.

56. polymeric blends as claimed in claim 55, it is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material is selected from down group: barium, barium sulphate, barium chloride, other barium compound, plumbous, tungsten, tungsten carbide, tungsten oxide, other tungsten compound, bismuth, bismuth compound, tantalum, tantalum compound, titanium, titanium compound, cardiografin, sodium acetrizoate, boron, boric acid, boron oxide compound, boron salt, other boron compound, beryllium, beryllium compound, bunaiod, thypaque sodium, ethiodized oil, iobenzamic acid, iocarmic acid, iocetamic acid, adipiodone, Iodixanol, iodated oil, iodoalphionic acid, hippuran, iodophthalein sodium, uriodone, ioglycamic acid, Iohexol, Falignost, Iopamidol, iopanoic acid, Iopentol, pantopaque, iophenoxic acid, Iopromide, iopronic acid, Iopydol, iopydone, iotalamic acid, Iotrolan, Ioversol, ioxaglic acid, Ioxilan, the 3-{[(dimethylamino) methylene] amino }-2,4,6-triiodo-benzene propionic acid, vasurix, the cardiografin methiodal sodium, metrizamide, Metrizoic Acid, phenobutiodil, phentetiothalein sodium, propyl iodone, iodomethamate sodium, sozoiodolic acid, thoria and platform are expected sodium.

57. polymeric blends as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability nano material comprises the nano material that is formed by the material that is selected from down group: lead, tin, tungsten, barium, boron, tantalum, bismuth, depleted uranium, cerium oxide (CeO ₂), yttria (Y ₂O ₃), lanthana (La ₂O ₃) and neodymia (Nd ₂O ₃).

58. polymeric blends as claimed in claim 55 is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material comprises the nano material that forms with the parabolical shape of nanosphere, nanometer hemisphere, nanotube or nanometer.

59. polymeric blends as claimed in claim 55, it is characterized in that described fire retardant comprises the nano material that is selected from down group: nanoclay, nano zeolite, the collosol and gel that obtains by metal oxide, silit (SiC), nitric acid silicon (SiN), nano-tube, fluoropolymer, aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, bromide, antimony oxide, antimony pentoxide, molybdenum compound, titanium, zirconium, zinc, silit, nitric acid silicon, chloride, pyrophyllite, chlorite, terre verte, smectite, polygorskite, talcum, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite, nontronite and mica.

60. goods that form by the described polymeric blends of claim 42.

61. goods as claimed in claim 60 is characterized in that, described goods are clothes.

62. goods as claimed in claim 61 is characterized in that, described clothes is underwear, vest, cap, gloves, whole body clothes, apron, shirt, trousers, pocket or groin guard member.

63. goods as claimed in claim 60 is characterized in that, described goods are that bomb suppresses coverture.

64. goods as claimed in claim 60 is characterized in that, described goods are liner or the coatings that are used for vehicle, wall, vessel, aircraft, spacecraft or container.

65. goods that form by the described polymeric blends of claim 55.

66., it is characterized in that described goods are clothes as the described goods of claim 65.

67., it is characterized in that described clothes is underwear, vest, cap, gloves, whole body clothes, apron, shirt, trousers, pocket or groin guard member as the described goods of claim 66.

68., it is characterized in that described goods are that bomb suppresses coverture as the described goods of claim 65.

69., it is characterized in that described goods are liner or the coatings that are used for vehicle, wall, vessel, aircraft, spacecraft or container as the described goods of claim 65.

70. a method that strengthens human body cell to the contrast of radiological measuring, it may further comprise the steps:

The composition of radiation impermeability nano material is injected in the human body;

Use the structure of the cell of the described human body of radiation detection.

71. the polymeric blends that can take precautions against radiation and chemistry or biohazard, it comprises:

Polymkeric substance;

Chemically-resistant or anti-biomaterial,

Radiation impermeability material.

72. as the described polymeric blends of claim 71, it is characterized in that, described radiation impermeability material is selected from down group: lead, tin, barium, barium sulphate, barium chloride, other barium compound, tungsten, tungsten carbide, tungsten oxide, other tungsten compound, bismuth, bismuth compound, tantalum, tantalum compound, titanium, titanium compound, cardiografin, sodium acetrizoate, boron, boric acid, boron oxide compound, boron salt, other boron compound, beryllium, beryllium compound, bunaiod, thypaque sodium, ethiodized oil, iobenzamic acid, iocarmic acid, iocetamic acid, adipiodone, Iodixanol, iodated oil, iodoalphionic acid, hippuran, iodophthalein sodium, uriodone, ioglycamic acid, Iohexol, Falignost, Iopamidol, iopanoic acid, Iopentol, pantopaque, iophenoxic acid, Iopromide, iopronic acid, Iopydol, iopydone, iotalamic acid, Iotrolan, Ioversol, ioxaglic acid, Ioxilan, the 3-{[(dimethylamino) methylene] amino }-2,4,6-triiodo-benzene propionic acid, vasurix, the cardiografin methiodal sodium, metrizamide, Metrizoic Acid, phenobutiodil, phentetiothalein sodium, propyl iodone, iodomethamate sodium, sozoiodolic acid, thoria and platform are expected sodium.

73., it is characterized in that described radiation impermeability material comprises the nano material that is selected from down group: lead, tin, tungsten, barium, boron, tantalum, bismuth, depleted uranium, barium, cerium oxide (CeO as the described polymeric blends of claim 71 ₂), yttria (Y ₂O ₃), lanthana (La ₂O ₃) and neodymia (Nd ₂O ₃).

74., it is characterized in that described chemically-resistant or anti-biomaterial comprise the nano material that is selected from down group: nano ceramics, natural nano clay, synthesis of nano clay, nanotube and laminar silicic acid as the described polymeric blends of claim 71.

75., it is characterized in that described natural nano clay is selected from down group: smectite, porcelain earth, terre verte, polygorskite, mica, talcum, chlorite and vermiculite as the described polymeric blends of claim 74.

76. as the described polymeric blends of claim 71, it is characterized in that described polymkeric substance is selected from down group: polyurethane, polyamide, Polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), natural emulsion, tygon, polypropylene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, polyisoprene, polystyrene, polysulfones, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic compounds, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, acetal, teflon, ionomer, cellulose, polyetherketone, silicones, epoxy resin, elastic body, foam of polymers.

77. goods that form by the described polymeric blends of claim 71.

78., it is characterized in that described goods are clothes as the described goods of claim 77.

79., it is characterized in that described clothes is underwear, vest, cap, gloves, whole body clothes, apron, shirt, trousers, pocket or groin guard member as the described goods of claim 78.

80., it is characterized in that described goods are that bomb suppresses coverture as the described goods of claim 77.

81., it is characterized in that described goods are liner or the coatings that are used for vehicle, wall, vessel, aircraft, spacecraft or container as the described goods of claim 77.

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