CN109903871B - High-performance nuclear radiation shielding device and technology based on graphene nano material - Google Patents
High-performance nuclear radiation shielding device and technology based on graphene nano material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device based on a graphene nano material, which comprises a garment body, a sole made of a wear-resistant radiation-proof multilayer graphene nano composite material, radiation-proof socks, gloves made of a flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material, a wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material and a face radiation-proof multilayer graphene nano composite material, wherein the wear-resistant radiation-proof multilayer graphene nano composite material is arranged on the sole; the invention also discloses a shielding method of the high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device based on the graphene nano material; by utilizing the excellent characteristics of graphene and various functionalized nano composite materials thereof in the field of nuclear radiation shielding and fully considering the characteristics of different nuclear radiation sources, a novel high-performance nuclear radiation shielding technology and related shielding clothes are developed, alpha, beta, gamma, X rays and radionuclides can be well shielded, and neutron radiation can be well slowed and absorbed; the method is suitable for application scenes of nuclear power stations, nuclear radiation stations, nuclear raw material factories, nuclear spent fuel processing stations, outer space and outer stars.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation shielding, and particularly relates to a high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device and technology based on a graphene nano material.
Background
The development and application of nuclear radiation protection materials are a major key point of civil health protection work and are also important components in the fields of nuclear energy development, military protection and the like. In recent years, a variety of basic research or industrial applications (e.g., nuclear power plants) have been developed around nuclear power and various ray applications, and higher demands have been made on shielding and protection of personal nuclear radiation. In the field of aerospace, efficient ray protection is required for various lunar exploration and other celestial exploration and lunar and aerospace detectors such as mars, earth guards and the like, and for both inside space crew and outside space walking crew. There is a great need to develop a portable and efficient nuclear radiation shielding garment and related shielding technology.
Nuclear radiation is mainly three rays, alpha, beta, gamma, neutrons and various radionuclides: alpha rays are helium nuclei, the penetration capacity of external irradiation is very weak, but the harm is large when the alpha rays are inhaled into a human body; beta rays are electron currents with a unit of negative charge, and burn is evident after irradiation of the skin. The two rays have small penetrating power, so the influence distance is relatively close as long as the radiation source does not enter the body, and the influence is not too large; however, the gamma ray is used as an electromagnetic wave with a very short wavelength, is similar to the X ray, has very strong penetrating power, can penetrate human bodies and buildings, and has a long harm distance. Various radionuclides including tritium, cobalt 60, nickel 63, selenium 75, antimony 124, iodine 131, cesium 137, radium 226, plutonium 238 and the like are harmful to human bodies.
The nuclear radiation is extremely harmful to human bodies, and the nuclear radiation of nuclear accidents and atomic bomb explosions can cause immediate death or severe injury of people. It also can cause cancer, infertility, strange fetus, etc.
In radiation protection, neutrons can be classified into slow neutrons with energy less than 5keV, intermediate energy neutrons with energy ranging from 5 to 100keV, and fast neutrons with energy ranging from 0.1 to 500MeV, depending on the energy of the neutrons, and among the slow neutrons, thermal neutrons are also called with energy less than 1eV (generally 0.025 eV). Neutrons have a strong penetrating power when passing through substances, and the danger to human bodies is more serious than that of X rays and gamma rays with the same dosage. After a human body is irradiated by neutrons, intestines and stomach and male gonads can be seriously damaged, the biological effect of tumor induction is high, early death is easily caused, the damaged organism is easily infected and has high degree, and the relative biological effect of the opacity of the eye crystal is 2-14 times of that of gamma or X rays. Causing hematopoietic organ failure, digestive system damage, central nervous system damage. It can also cause malignant tumor, leukemia, cataract, etc. Neutron irradiation also produces genetic effects that affect the development of offspring in the irradiated.
There are three main points to reduce the exposure to nuclear radiation: distance, time and shielding, i.e. 1) away from the radiation source, the radiation dose to which a person is exposed is inversely proportional to the square of his distance from the radiation source; 2) reducing exposure time, wherein the radiation dose is additive, and the longer the exposure time to radiation, the larger the dose; 3) the radiation is shielded, and the radiation received by the personnel can be greatly reduced by effective shielding.
At present, the best method for shielding gamma rays is to use high-density materials with high atomic numbers, such as iron, lead and concrete materials. Meanwhile, gamma rays with higher energy require thicker shielding. Researchers also adopt emulsion blending and in-situ reduction methods to prepare Natural Rubber (NR)/Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) nanocomposites, and study the influence of gamma-ray irradiation on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites. Research results show that RGO is uniformly dispersed in an NR matrix in a few-layer stacked lamellar structure, the mechanical property and the thermal stability of NR can be remarkably improved by adding the RGO, the tensile strength and T50 of pure NR are respectively reduced by 75 percent and 4.5 ℃ after the pure NR is radiated by gamma rays of 200kGy, the tensile strength and T50 of the NR/RGO-0.6 percent composite system are respectively reduced by 56 percent and 1.2 ℃, and the mechanism of improving the radiation resistance of the material by the RGO is disclosed.
The invention fully utilizes the excellent characteristics of 'King of new material' graphene and various functionalized nano composite materials thereof in the field of nuclear radiation shielding, fully considers the characteristics of different nuclear radiation sources aiming at different application scenes such as nuclear power stations, interplanetary exploration and the like, develops a novel high-performance nuclear radiation shielding technology and related technologies, and provides a green barrier for the health of people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device and technology based on a graphene nano material, which can shield nuclear radiation such as alpha rays, beta rays, primary gamma rays, secondary gamma rays, fast neutrons, photo-excited neutrons, various radionuclides and the like of a nuclear power station, a nuclear radiation station, a nuclear raw material production plant, a nuclear spent fuel processing station, an outer space, an outer planet and the like so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device based on graphene nano-composite materials comprises a garment body, a sole made of wear-resistant radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite materials, radiation-proof socks, gloves made of flexible radiation-proof graphene nano-composite materials, and a wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano-composite material, wherein the garment body comprises a knee flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material, a crotch flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material, an elbow flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material, a conventional part radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material, a chest and abdomen radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material, a head radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material and a face radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material, wherein a vamp made of the flexible radiation-proof graphene nano-composite materials is arranged on the sole of the wear-resistant radiation-layer graphene nano-, the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the knee is arranged on the knee of the garment body, the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the crotch is arranged on the crotch of the garment body, the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the elbow is arranged on the elbow of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the conventional part is arranged on the conventional part of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the chest and abdomen is arranged on the chest and abdomen of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the head is arranged on the head of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the face is arranged on the face of the garment body, the eye of the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the face is provided with two eye transparent radiation-proof materials, and the nose of the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite for the face is provided with nose porous radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite for the nose The radiation-proof mask comprises a mask body, a mask filter piece, a wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material, a glove, a flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material and a mask, wherein the mask filter piece is provided with two radiation-proof mask filter pieces which are distributed oppositely, the radiation-proof mask filter piece is provided with a tungsten nano particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano screen, the mask filter piece is also provided with a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle communicated with a mouth of the mask body, the wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material is arranged at the cuff of the garment body, the glove of the flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material is arranged at the end of the wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material, the vamp of the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nano composite material is made of double-layer fabric, and, the radiation-proof graphene nano composite material is any one of polyethylene-graphene fiber nano composite material, polyether ether ketone PEEK-graphene nano composite material, polyether ketone PEK-graphene nano composite material, polyether ketone (PEKK) -graphene nano composite material, polyether ether ketone (PEEKK) -graphene nano composite material, polyether ketone ether ketone (PEKEKK) -graphene nano composite material, polyphenyl ester-graphene nano composite material, polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF-graphene nano composite material and lead rubber-graphene nano composite material, in the radiation-proof graphene nano composite material, the graphene is any one of graphene nanofiber and graphene nanosheet, boron-doped graphene nanofiber and nitrogen-doped graphene nanofiber, and the addition amount of the graphene is 5-35%; the inner layer adopts tungsten-FeNiB-polychloropropene embedded graphene nanofiber cloth, and the tungsten-FeNiB-polychloropropene embedded graphene nanofiber cloth is prepared according to the following proportion: 25-35% of tungsten powder, 10-16% of FeNiB powder, 15-25% of graphene fiber, 24-70% of polychloropropene, 6-10% of polyvinyl acetate adhesive, 2-5% of boron fiber reinforcing agent and 3-6% of boron glass powder.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sole of the wear-resistant radiation-proof multi-layered graphene nanocomposite is provided with two layers, the first layer adopts a wear-resistant radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite, and the wear-resistant radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is a silicon carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a high-energy ion-impregnated tungsten carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a chromium carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a silicon nitride-graphene nanocomposite, a lead carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a toughened zirconia-graphene nanocomposite, a toughened aluminum oxide-graphene nanocomposite, a platinum-gold alloy-graphene nanocomposite, a tungsten carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a boron steel-graphene nanocomposite, a natural rubber/graphene nanocomposite, a carbon fiber, a, Any one of aluminum-boron carbide-graphene nanocomposite materials, wherein graphene is any one of graphene oxide, nitrogen-doped graphene, boron-doped graphene and metal-doped graphene; the second layer is made of a silver fiber radiation-proof fabric, the silver fiber radiation-proof fabric is made of silver fibers, partial graphene fibers and nylon filaments are embedded and woven by the silver fibers, the content of the silver fibers is 40-60%, the content of the graphene fibers is 10-25%, and the balance is nylon fibers.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the polyester fiber cloth with metal or metal compound nanoparticles deposited on the outer surface of the radiation-proof socks does not contain metal particles on the inner surface close to the foot skin side, the metal or metal compound is any one or combination of tungsten, tantalum, lead, iron, cadmium, neodymium, gadolinium, europium, dysprosium, tin, lanthanum, samarium, NdFeB and FeNiB, the mass proportion of the metal nanoparticles is 35-50%, and the rest proportion is polyester fiber.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the radiation-proof materials of the knee flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite, the crotch flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite and the elbow flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite adopt three layers of radiation-proof materials, the first layer is a rubber-graphene nanocomposite, the second layer is a polymer-graphene nanocomposite, the polymer-graphene nanocomposite is a polyethylene-graphene nanocomposite, a PVDF-graphene nanocomposite, a polyethylene-polyurethane-graphene nanocomposite, a lead-boron-polyethylene-graphene nanocomposite, a polyvinyl chloride-polyethylene-graphene nanocomposite, a lead rubber-graphene nanocomposite, a polypropylene-graphene composite, a polypropylene composite, a, The composite material is formed by weaving a warp-wise metal fiber wire with a gamma-ray nuclear radiation protection function and a weft-wise fiber yarn with neutron moderation or neutron absorption characteristics, wherein the metal fiber wire is at least one of a lead fiber wire, a tungsten metal wire, a tantalum metal wire, a lead alloy fiber wire, a tungsten alloy fiber wire or a tantalum alloy fiber wire, and the fiber yarn is carbon fiber, high-density polyethylene fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyamide fiber, polyester fiber or polyimide fiber, At least one of graphene nanofibers and boron-doped graphene fibers.
As a preferred technical scheme, the conventional part radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is composed of three layers of radiation-proof materials, wherein the first layer is a graphene reinforced metal matrix composite, the second layer is a boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate, and the third layer is a shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric close to underwear; in the graphene reinforced metal matrix composite, graphene is any one of graphene oxide, boron-doped graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene, and metal is any one or combination of lead, tungsten, iron, cadmium, neodymium, gadolinium, europium, dysprosium, tin, lanthanum and samarium; the boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate comprises the following components: 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 parts of boron-doped graphene, 20 parts of lead powder, and an auxiliary additive: 5 parts of boron-doped graphene, which is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the chest and abdomen radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite comprises four layers, wherein the first layer is a boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate, the second layer is metal particle-graphene nanofiber cloth, the third layer is a resin-graphene nano film, and the fourth layer is a shielding radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric close to underwear; the boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate comprises the following components: 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 parts of boron-doped graphene, 20 parts of lead powder and 5 parts of auxiliary agent, wherein the boron-doped graphene is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method; the metal particle-graphene nanofiber cloth is prepared by sputtering or melt-blowing nanoscale metal particles on pre-prepared graphene nanofiber cloth, wherein the metal particles comprise tungsten, tantalum and samarium; the metal particle-graphene nano composite fiber cloth comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-70% of metal particles, graphene fibers: 20-25% of adhesive and 10-15% of adhesive; the metal particles are between 10nm and 500 nm; the adhesive is polyurethane or epoxy resin; the resin-graphene nano film is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-35% of resin, 10-15% of pyromellitic diester, 10-16% of maleic anhydride, 5-8% of epoxypropane butyl ether, 20-30% of boron-doped graphene nanosheet and tungsten carbide: 12-20%, europium oxide 5-10%, and the like, wherein the resin-graphene nano film is prepared by the following method: melting the resin, weighing, adding pyromellitic diester and maleic anhydride, mixing, uniformly stirring, adding epoxypropane butyl ether, further uniformly stirring, and preparing the nuclear radiation shielding reinforced nano material: adding the boron-doped graphene nanosheets, tungsten carbide and europium oxide into the mixture, and uniformly stirring; and then putting the raw materials into a film forming container, curing for 1-2 hours at constant temperature of 100-120 ℃, and then heating to 120-140 ℃ to further cure the film, wherein the resin is any one of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polysulfone resin, high-viscosity polyester resin and acrylic resin.
As a preferred technical scheme, the glove made of the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is prepared by modifying PVC soft rubber by adopting boron-doped graphene; the first layer of the head radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is a metal nuclear radiation shielding panel, the second layer of the head radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is made of a flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite, the third layer of the head radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is a high-polymer boron-doped graphene nanocomposite film, and the fourth layer of the head radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is a shielding radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric; in the metal nuclear radiation shielding panel, the metal can be any one of lead, tungsten, tantalum, tungsten carbide and tungsten boride; the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is a rubber-graphene nanocomposite; the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric is prepared by the following steps: melting a certain amount of polymer granules 70-85%, a certain proportion of boron-doped graphene 10-25% and a small amount of shielding agent 5-10%, spraying the molten polymer granules through a spinneret plate, and forming a net by using air flow or machinery to obtain a molten non-woven fabric; uniformly attaching a layer of shielding agent on the outer surface of the prepared molten non-woven fabric in a spinning or blade coating mode, and then carrying out setting treatment to obtain the shielding radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric, wherein the high-molecular granules are one or any combination of polypropylene, polyester, viscose, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, and the shielding agent is one or more of terbium carbonate, europium oxide, lanthanum oxide, tungsten chloride and barium sulfate; in the polymer-boron doped graphene nano composite membrane, a polymer is any one of polyethylene, polyether ether ketone PEEK, polyether ketone PEK, polyether ketone PEKK, polyether ether ketone PEEKK, polyether ketone ether ketone PEKEKK, polyphenyl ester, polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF and polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, and the addition amount of the boron doped graphene is 10-25%; the first layer of the facial radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is prepared from tungsten nanoparticles, boron-containing polyethylene and boron-doped graphene nano-films, and the second layer of the facial radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite is prepared from boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber; the tungsten nano-particles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film in advance and sputtering or melt-blowing nano-scale tungsten metal particles, the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the mass ratio of the tungsten nano-particles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film is as follows: 20-45% of tungsten, 30-45% of boron polyethylene and 25-35% of boron-doped graphene; the boron-doped graphene PVC modified soft rubber is prepared by adopting 20-30% of boron-doped graphene nano-sheets, 65-77% of PVC color master batches and metal nano-particles through a plastic dripping process, wherein the metal is any one of tungsten, iron, cadmium, neodymium, gadolinium, europium, dysprosium, tin, lanthanum and samarium; the transparent radiation protection material of eye is the double-deck material of inseparable laminating, and the first layer is metal modified radiation protection organic glass, and metal modified radiation protection organic glass is lead, tungsten, barium, samarium modified methyl methacrylate MMA glass, and the second floor is graphite alkene reinforcing radiation protection boron glass, and its constitution is: na2SiO 325-50%, CaSiO 330-45%, Na2B4O7 & 10H2O 8-18%, B2O3 accounting for 7-10%, Al2O 35-10%, SiO 25-8%, boron doped graphene 5-18%, and PbO 3-7%, weighing and mixing the materials in proportion, melting at 1600 ℃ for 20 minutes, and preparing a molded lens in a mold; grinding, annealing and tempering to obtain the product; the nasal porous radiation-proof graphene nano composite screen is made of a double-layer screen sandwich fabric, the first layer is a tungsten nano particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen, the second layer is a boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen, a filling layer is arranged between the tungsten nano particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen and the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen, and metal modified boron-doped graphene mesoporous or microporous nano materials are filled in the filling layer; the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen in advance and sputtering or melt-blowing nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen has the following mass ratio: tungsten: 20-35%, boron polyethylene: 30-45% of boron-doped graphene, 25-30% of boron-doped graphene, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 1-300 microns; the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen is prepared by adopting 20-30% of boron-doped graphene nano-sheets, 65-77% of PVC color master batches and 3-5% of auxiliary materials through a plastic dripping process, and the aperture of the screen is between 1 micron and 300 microns; the metal modified boron-doped graphene mesoporous or microporous nanomaterial can be any one or combination of tungsten-boron-doped graphene aerogel, tungsten-boron-doped graphene three-dimensional mesoporous graphene nanomaterial, tungsten-boron-doped graphene microporous graphene nanomaterial and tungsten-boron-doped graphene framework material, the thickness of the filling layer is 0.5mm-2.0cm, the left side and the right side of the filling layer are connected with radiation-proof mask filter pieces, and the lower part of the filling layer is connected with a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle; the radiation-proof mask filter piece shell is made of a tungsten diboride-boron doped graphene nano composite material, a tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano screen is arranged in the center of the outermost side, and the tungsten-boron doped graphene microporous aerogel, the tungsten-boron doped graphene mesoporous graphene nano material or the tungsten-boron doped graphene microporous graphene nano material is filled in the tungsten-boron doped graphene nano screen; the tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen in advance and sputtering or melt-blowing nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nano particle size is 10-600 nm, and the tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano film has the mass ratio of: tungsten: 20-35%, boron polyethylene: 30-45% of boron-doped graphene, 25-30% of boron-doped graphene, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 1-500 microns; the shell of the miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle is made of tungsten steel, and high-purity oxygen is filled in the miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle and is provided with an oxygen flow regulating valve.
The invention also discloses a shielding technology of the high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device based on the graphene nano material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: putting on the radiation-proof socks by a user, extending the feet with the radiation-proof socks into a shoe consisting of a sole made of the wear-resistant radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite and a vamp made of the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite, and putting on a shielding garment;
step two: the method comprises the following steps of wearing a face radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano composite material which is provided with an eye transparent radiation-proof material, a nose porous radiation-proof graphene nano composite screen, a radiation-proof mask filter piece, a tungsten nano particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen and a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle on the face;
step three: the gloves are worn by both hands, and the protective clothing made of the graphene nano material is used for protecting the whole body of the user.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by utilizing the excellent characteristics of graphene and various functionalized nano composite materials thereof in the field of nuclear radiation shielding and fully considering the characteristics of different nuclear radiation sources, a novel high-performance nuclear radiation shielding technology and related shielding clothes are developed, alpha, beta, gamma, X rays and radionuclides can be well shielded, and neutron radiation can be well slowed and absorbed; the method is suitable for application scenes of nuclear power stations, nuclear radiation stations, nuclear raw material factories, nuclear spent fuel processing stations, outer space, outer stars and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a sole made of a wear-resistant radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite; 2. a flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nanocomposite vamp; 3. anti-radiation socks; 4. the knee flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material; 5. the crotch flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material; 6. the elbow flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nano composite material; 7. a conventional part radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material; 8. a chest and abdomen radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material; 9. a glove of flexible radiation-resistant graphene nanocomposite; 10. the wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano composite material; 11. a head radiation protection multilayer graphene nanocomposite; 12. a facial radiation protection multilayer graphene nanocomposite; 13. eye transparent radiation protection materials; 14. a nasal porous radiation-proof graphene nano composite screen; 15. a radiation-proof mask filter element; 16. tungsten nanoparticles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano-screen; 17. a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device based on graphene nano-composite materials comprises a garment body, a sole 1 made of wear-resistant radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite materials, radiation-proof socks 3, gloves 9 made of flexible radiation-proof graphene nano-composite materials, a wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nano-composite material 10 and a face radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 12, wherein the garment body comprises a knee flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 4, a crotch flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 5, an elbow flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 6, a conventional part radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 7, a chest and abdomen radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 8, a head radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite material 11, a vamp 2 made of flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nano-composite materials is arranged on the sole 1 made of the wear-resistant radiation-layer graphene, the knee flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 4 is arranged on the knee of the garment body, the crotch flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 5 is arranged on the crotch of the garment body, the elbow flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 6 is arranged on the elbow of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 7 on the conventional part of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 8 on the chest and abdomen of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 11 on the head of the garment body, the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 on the face of the garment body, two eye transparent radiation-proof materials 13 on the eyes of the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 on the face, and a nose porous radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite screen 14 on the nose of the radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 on the face, the facial radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 is further provided with two radiation-proof mask filtering pieces 15 which are distributed oppositely, the radiation-proof mask filtering pieces 15 are provided with tungsten nanoparticles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano screens 16, the facial radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 is further provided with a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle 17 communicated with a mouth of the facial radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12, the wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material 10 is arranged at the cuff of the garment body, and the gloves 9 of the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material are arranged at the end portions of the wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material 10.
In this embodiment, preferably, the sole 1 of the wear-resistant radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nanocomposite is provided with two layers, the first layer is a wear-resistant radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite, and the wear-resistant radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is a silicon carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a high-energy ion-impregnated tungsten carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a chromium carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a silicon nitride-graphene nanocomposite, a lead carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a toughened zirconia-graphene nanocomposite, a toughened aluminum oxide-graphene nanocomposite, a platinum-gold alloy-graphene nanocomposite, a tungsten carbide-graphene nanocomposite, a boron steel-graphene nanocomposite, a natural rubber/graphene nanocomposite, a carbon steel-graphene composite, a carbon steel-carbon composite, a carbon steel-carbon steel composite, a carbon-carbon composite, a carbon composite, any one of aluminum-boron carbide-graphene nanocomposite materials, wherein graphene is any one of graphene oxide, nitrogen-doped graphene, boron-doped graphene and metal-doped graphene; the second layer is made of a silver fiber radiation-proof fabric, the silver fiber radiation-proof fabric is made of silver fibers, partial graphene fibers and nylon filaments are embedded and woven by the silver fibers, the content of the silver fibers is 40-60%, the content of the graphene fibers is 10-25%, and the balance is nylon fibers.
In this embodiment, preferably, the vamp 2 of the flexible radiation-proof multi-layer graphene nanocomposite is made of a double-layer fabric, the outer layer is made of a flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite, the radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is made of any one of polyethylene-graphene fiber nanocomposite, polyetheretherketone PEEK-graphene nanocomposite, polyetherketone PEK-graphene nanocomposite, Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) -graphene nanocomposite, Polyetheretherketoneketone (PEEKK) -graphene nanocomposite, Polyetherketoneketoneketone (PEKK) -graphene nanocomposite, polyphenyl ester-graphene nanocomposite, polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF-graphene nanocomposite, and lead rubber-graphene nanocomposite, and the radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite, the graphene is any one of graphene nanofiber and graphene nanosheet, boron-doped graphene nanofiber and nitrogen-doped graphene nanofiber, and the addition amount of the graphene is 5-35%; the inner layer adopts tungsten-FeNiB-polychloropropene embedded graphene nanofiber cloth, and the tungsten-FeNiB-polychloropropene embedded graphene nanofiber cloth is prepared according to the following proportion: 25-35% of tungsten powder, 10-16% of FeNiB powder, 15-25% of graphene fiber, 24-70% of polychloropropene, 6-10% of polyvinyl acetate adhesive, 2-5% of boron fiber reinforcing agent and 3-6% of boron glass powder.
In this embodiment, preferably, the polyester fiber cloth with metal or metal compound nanoparticles deposited on the outer surface of the radiation-proof socks 3 does not contain metal particles on the inner surface close to the foot skin side, the metal or metal compound is any one or a combination of more of tungsten, tantalum, lead, iron, cadmium, neodymium, gadolinium, europium, dysprosium, tin, lanthanum, samarium, NdFeB and FeNiB, the mass percentage of the metal nanoparticles is 35-50%, and the rest percentage is polyester fiber.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the radiation-proof materials of the knee flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite 4, the crotch flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite 5 and the elbow flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite 6 are three radiation-proof materials, the first layer is a rubber-graphene nanocomposite, the second layer is a polymer-graphene nanocomposite, the polymer-graphene nanocomposite is a polyethylene-graphene nanocomposite, a PVDF-graphene nanocomposite, a polyethylene-polyurethane-graphene nanocomposite, a lead-boron polyethylene-graphene nanocomposite, a polyvinyl chloride-polyethylene-graphene nanocomposite, a lead rubber-graphene nanocomposite, a polypropylene-graphene nanocomposite, a glass fiber, a, The composite material is formed by weaving a warp-wise metal fiber wire with a gamma-ray nuclear radiation protection function and a weft-wise fiber yarn with neutron moderation or neutron absorption characteristics, wherein the metal fiber wire is at least one of a lead fiber wire, a tungsten metal wire, a tantalum metal wire, a lead alloy fiber wire, a tungsten alloy fiber wire or a tantalum alloy fiber wire, and the fiber yarn is carbon fiber, high-density polyethylene fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyamide fiber, polyester fiber or polyimide fiber, At least one of graphene nanofibers and boron-doped graphene fibers.
In this embodiment, preferably, the conventional part radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite 7 is composed of three layers of radiation-proof materials, the first layer is a graphene-reinforced metal matrix composite, the second layer is a boron-doped graphene-reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate, and the third layer is a shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric close to underwear; in the graphene reinforced metal matrix composite, graphene is any one of graphene oxide, boron-doped graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene, and metal is any one or combination of lead, tungsten, iron, cadmium, neodymium, gadolinium, europium, dysprosium, tin, lanthanum and samarium; the boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate comprises the following components: 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 parts of boron-doped graphene, 20 parts of lead powder, and an auxiliary additive: 5 parts of boron-doped graphene, which is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method.
In this embodiment, preferably, the chest and abdomen radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite 8 is composed of four layers, the first layer is a boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate, the second layer is metal particle-graphene nanofiber cloth, the third layer is a resin-graphene nano film, and the fourth layer is a shielding radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric close to underwear; the boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate comprises the following components: 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 parts of boron-doped graphene, 20 parts of lead powder and 5 parts of auxiliary agent, wherein the boron-doped graphene is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method; the metal particle-graphene nanofiber cloth is prepared by sputtering or melt-blowing nanoscale metal particles on pre-prepared graphene nanofiber cloth, wherein the metal particles comprise tungsten, tantalum and samarium; the metal particle-graphene nano composite fiber cloth comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-70% of metal particles, graphene fibers: 20-25% of adhesive and 10-15% of adhesive; the metal particles are between 10nm and 500 nm; the adhesive is polyurethane or epoxy resin; the resin-graphene nano film is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-35% of resin, 10-15% of pyromellitic diester, 10-16% of maleic anhydride, 5-8% of epoxypropane butyl ether, 20-30% of boron-doped graphene nanosheet and tungsten carbide: 12-20%, europium oxide 5-10%, and the like, wherein the resin-graphene nano film is prepared by the following method: melting the resin, weighing, adding pyromellitic diester and maleic anhydride, mixing, uniformly stirring, adding epoxypropane butyl ether, further uniformly stirring, and preparing the nuclear radiation shielding reinforced nano material: adding the boron-doped graphene nanosheets, tungsten carbide and europium oxide into the mixture, and uniformly stirring; and then putting the raw materials into a film forming container, curing for 1-2 hours at constant temperature of 100-120 ℃, and then heating to 120-140 ℃ to further cure the film, wherein the resin is any one of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polysulfone resin, high-viscosity polyester resin and acrylic resin.
In this embodiment, preferably, the glove 9 made of the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is prepared by modifying PVC soft rubber with boron-doped graphene; the first layer of the head radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 11 is a metal nuclear radiation shielding panel, the second layer is made of a flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material, the third layer is a high-polymer boron-doped graphene nanocomposite film, and the fourth layer is a shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric; in the metal nuclear radiation shielding panel, the metal can be any one of lead, tungsten, tantalum, tungsten carbide and tungsten boride; the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is a rubber-graphene nanocomposite; the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric is prepared by the following steps: melting a certain amount of polymer granules 70-85%, a certain proportion of boron-doped graphene 10-25% and a small amount of shielding agent 5-10%, spraying the molten polymer granules through a spinneret plate, and forming a net by using air flow or machinery to obtain a molten non-woven fabric; uniformly attaching a layer of shielding agent on the outer surface of the prepared molten non-woven fabric in a spinning or blade coating mode, and then carrying out setting treatment to obtain the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric, wherein the high-molecular granules are one or any combination of polypropylene, polyester, viscose, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, and the shielding agent is one or more of terbium carbonate, europium oxide, lanthanum oxide, tungsten chloride and barium sulfate; in the polymer-boron doped graphene nano composite membrane, a polymer is any one of polyethylene, polyether ether ketone PEEK, polyether ketone PEK, polyether ketone PEKK, polyether ether ketone PEEKK, polyether ketone ether ketone PEKEKK, polyphenyl ester, polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF and polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, and the addition amount of the boron doped graphene is 10-25%; the first layer of the facial radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 is a tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano film, and the second layer is prepared by boron doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber; the tungsten nano-particles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film in advance and sputtering or melt-blowing nano-scale tungsten metal particles, the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the mass ratio of the tungsten nano-particles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film is as follows: 20-45% of tungsten, 30-45% of boron polyethylene and 25-35% of boron-doped graphene; the boron-doped graphene PVC modified soft rubber is prepared by adopting 20-30% of boron-doped graphene nano-sheets, 65-77% of PVC color master batches and metal nano-particles through a plastic dripping process, wherein the metal is any one of tungsten, iron, cadmium, neodymium, gadolinium, europium, dysprosium, tin, lanthanum and samarium; the transparent radiation protection material 13 of eye is the double-deck material of inseparable laminating, and the first layer is the modified radiation protection organic glass of metal, and the modified radiation protection organic glass of metal is lead, tungsten, barium, samarium modified methyl methacrylate MMA glass, and the second floor is graphite alkene reinforcing radiation protection boron glass, and its constitution is: na2SiO 325-50%, CaSiO 330-45%, Na2B4O7 & 10H2O 8-18%, B2O3 accounting for 7-10%, Al2O 35-10%, SiO 25-8%, boron doped graphene 5-18%, and PbO 3-7%, weighing and mixing the materials in proportion, melting at 1600 ℃ for 20 minutes, and preparing a molded lens in a mold; grinding, annealing and tempering to obtain the product; the nasal porous radiation-proof graphene nano composite screen 14 is made of a double-layer screen sandwich fabric, wherein the first layer is a tungsten nano particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen, the second layer is a boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen, a filling layer is arranged between the tungsten nano particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen and the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen, and metal modified boron-doped graphene mesoporous or microporous nano materials are filled in the filling layer; the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen in advance and sputtering or melt-blowing nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen has the following mass ratio: tungsten: 20-35%, boron polyethylene: 30-45% of boron-doped graphene, 25-30% of boron-doped graphene, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 1-300 microns; the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen is prepared by adopting 20-30% of boron-doped graphene nano-sheets, 65-77% of PVC color master batches and 3-5% of auxiliary materials through a plastic dripping process, and the aperture of the screen is between 1 micron and 300 microns; the metal modified boron-doped graphene mesoporous or microporous nanomaterial can be any one or combination of tungsten-boron-doped graphene aerogel, tungsten-boron-doped graphene three-dimensional mesoporous graphene nanomaterial, tungsten-boron-doped graphene microporous graphene nanomaterial and tungsten-boron-doped graphene framework material, the thickness of the filling layer is 0.5mm-2.0cm, the left side and the right side of the filling layer are connected with radiation-proof mask filter pieces 15, and the lower part of the filling layer is connected with a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle 17; the shell of the radiation-proof mask filter piece 15 is made of a tungsten diboride-boron doped graphene nano composite material, a tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano screen is arranged in the center of the outermost side, and the tungsten-boron doped graphene microporous aerogel, the tungsten-boron doped graphene mesoporous graphene nanomaterial and any one of the tungsten-boron doped graphene microporous graphene nanomaterial are filled in the tungsten-boron doped graphene nano screen; the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen in advance and sputtering or melt-blowing nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film has the mass ratio of: tungsten: 20-35%, boron polyethylene: 30-45% of boron-doped graphene, 25-30% of boron-doped graphene, wherein the aperture of the sieve is 1-500 microns; the shell of the miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle 17 is made of tungsten steel, and the miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle is filled with high-purity oxygen and is provided with an oxygen flow regulating valve.
A shielding technology of a high-performance nuclear radiation shielding device based on a graphene nano material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a user wears the radiation-proof socks 3, extends the feet wearing the radiation-proof socks 3 into a shoe consisting of the sole 1 made of the wear-resistant radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite and the vamp 2 made of the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite, and wears shielding clothes;
step two: the face radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 provided with the eye transparent radiation-proof material 13, the nose porous radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite screen 14, the radiation-proof mask filter piece 15, the tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nanocomposite screen 16 and the miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle 17 is worn on the face;
step three: the gloves are worn by both hands, and the protective clothing made of the graphene nano material is used for protecting the whole body of the user.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the sole 1 made of the wear-resistant radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite comprises two layers, wherein the first layer is made of the wear-resistant radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite; the second layer is a silver fiber radiation-proof fabric which is close to the skin, is light, thin and soft, has strong air permeability, can sterilize and deodorize, and also has a certain radiation-proof effect, wherein the silver fiber radiation-proof fabric is formed by embedding and weaving partial graphene fibers and nylon filaments by silver fibers, the content of the silver fibers is 45%, the graphene fibers are 12%, and the balance is nylon fibers;
the vamp 2 of the flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite also adopts a double-layer fabric, the outer layer adopts a flexible polyethylene-boron-doped graphene fiber nanocomposite, the addition amount of boron-doped graphene in the flexible polyethylene-boron-doped graphene fiber nanocomposite is 20%, the balance is polyethylene, the inner layer adopts tungsten-FeNiB-polychloropropene embedded graphene nanofiber cloth, nuclear radiation such as gamma rays can be further shielded, residual neutrons are absorbed, and the tungsten-FeNiB-polychloropropene embedded graphene nanofiber cloth is prepared according to the following preparation proportion: 30% of tungsten powder, 12% of FeNiB powder, 20% of graphene fiber, 24% of polychloropropene, 6% of polyvinyl acetate adhesive, 5% of boron fiber reinforcing agent and 3% of boron glass powder, wherein the added graphene fiber mainly enhances the mechanical strength of the fiber and increases the radiation protection effect.
The radiation protection socks 3 adopt polyester fiber cloth with tungsten metal nano particles deposited on the outer surface, have good shielding effect on residual beta, gamma, X rays and radioactive nuclides, can slow and absorb certain neutrons, do not contain metal particles on the inner surface close to the foot skin side, are soft and well attached to the skin, and are 45% in mass ratio of the tungsten metal nano particles, and the balance is polyester fiber.
The knee flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 4, the crotch flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 5, the elbow flexible radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 6 and the wrist flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material 10 are made of three layers of radiation-proof materials, the first layer is made of a natural rubber-graphene nanocomposite material, the addition amount of graphene is 15%, and the rest is rubber. The metal wire composite fabric is formed by weaving warp-wise metal fiber wires with gamma-ray and other nuclear radiation protection functions and weft-wise graphene nanofiber yarns with neutron moderation or neutron absorption characteristics.
The conventional part radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 7 consists of three layers of radiation-proof materials, the first layer is a boron-doped graphene reinforced tungsten-based composite material, graphene can effectively enhance the radiation-proof performance and mechanical strength of the composite material, the second layer is a boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate, and the boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing boron plate consists of the following components: 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 parts of boron-doped graphene, 20 parts of lead powder and 5 parts of auxiliary agent, wherein the boron-doped graphene is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method, is used for further shielding various rays and radioactive nuclide radiation, moderates neutrons and absorbs the moderated neutrons, the third layer is a shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric close to underwear, and the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric is prepared by the following steps: melting a certain amount of polypropylene granules (78%), boron-doped graphene (15%) and a small amount of tungsten chloride shielding agent (7%), spraying the melted polypropylene granules through a spinneret plate, and forming a net by using air flow or machinery to obtain a molten non-woven fabric; and uniformly attaching a layer of tungsten chloride shielding agent on the outer surface of the prepared fused non-woven fabric in a spinning or blade coating mode, and then carrying out setting treatment to obtain the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric. The chest and abdomen radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 8 comprises four layers to protect important internal organs of a body from nuclear radiation injury to the maximum extent, the first layer is a boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing plate, and the boron-doped graphene reinforced polyethylene lead-containing boron plate comprises the following components: 50 parts of polyethylene, 25 parts of boron-doped graphene, 20 parts of lead powder and 5 parts of auxiliary agent, wherein the boron-doped graphene is prepared by a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method, the second layer is tungsten metal particle-graphene nano-fiber cloth, the tungsten metal particle-graphene nano-composite fiber cloth is prepared by sputtering or melt-spraying nano-scale tungsten metal particles on the pre-prepared graphene nano-fiber cloth, and the tungsten metal particle-graphene nano-composite fiber cloth comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60% of tungsten metal particles, graphene fibers: 25% of polyurethane adhesive, 15%; the metal particles are between 10nm and 500nm, the third layer is an epoxy resin-graphene nano film, and the epoxy resin-graphene nano film is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 27% of epoxy resin, 11% of pyromellitic diester, 11% of maleic anhydride, 6% of epoxypropane butyl ether, 24% of boron-doped graphene nanosheet, 15% of tungsten carbide and 6% of europium oxide, wherein the epoxy resin-graphene nanofilm is prepared by the following method: melting epoxy resin, weighing, adding pyromellitic diester and maleic anhydride, mixing, uniformly stirring, adding epoxypropane butyl ether, further uniformly stirring, and preparing the nuclear radiation shielding reinforced nano material: adding the boron-doped graphene nanosheets, tungsten carbide and europium oxide into the mixture, uniformly stirring, then placing the raw materials into a film forming container, curing at constant temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 1-2 hours, then heating to 120-140 ℃ for further curing the film, wherein the fourth layer is a shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric close to underwear, and the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric is prepared by the following steps: melting a certain amount of viscose fiber granules (75%), boron-doped graphene (15%) and a small amount of europium oxide shielding agent (10%), spraying the materials by a spinneret plate, and forming a net by using air flow or machinery to obtain a molten non-woven fabric; and uniformly attaching a layer of europium oxide shielding agent on the outer surface of the prepared molten non-woven fabric in a spinning or blade coating mode, and then carrying out setting treatment to obtain the shielded radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric.
The glove 9 made of the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite is prepared from boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber, and the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber is prepared from boron-doped graphene nanosheets (25%), PVC color master batches (70%) and tungsten nanoparticles (5%) through a plastic dripping process.
The head radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 11 consists of four layers, wherein the first layer is a tungsten metal nuclear radiation shielding panel which shields gamma rays, neutrons and various radionuclide nuclear radiation on the one hand, and on the other hand, the mechanical strength of the tungsten metal panel is utilized to resist possible external damage, the second layer is a flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material which also buffers possible external impact damage to the head while preventing radiation, the flexible radiation-proof graphene nanocomposite material is a silicon rubber-graphene nanocomposite material, the addition amount of graphene is 15%, the rest proportion is silicon rubber, the nanocomposite material has good flexibility, air permeability and radiation-proof effects are good, the third layer is a polyether ketone-boron doped graphene nanocomposite film, the addition amount of boron-doped graphene is 20%, the rest is polyether ketone, and the fourth layer is a shielding type composite radiation-proof non-woven fabric, the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric is prepared by the following steps: melting a certain amount of polypropylene granules (75%), boron-doped graphene (15%) and a small amount of lanthanum oxide shielding agent (10%), spraying the molten polypropylene granules through a spinneret plate, and forming a net by using air flow or machinery to obtain a molten non-woven fabric; and uniformly attaching a layer of lanthanum oxide shielding agent on the outer surface of the prepared molten non-woven fabric in a spinning or blade coating mode, and then carrying out shaping treatment to obtain the shielding type radiation-proof composite non-woven fabric.
The face radiation-proof multilayer graphene nanocomposite material 12 is prepared from two layers of materials, wherein the first layer is a tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano film; the tungsten nano-particles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film in advance and sputtering nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the mass ratio of the tungsten nano-particles-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-film is as follows: 35% of tungsten, 35% of boron polyethylene, 30% of boron-doped graphene and a second layer of boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber, and the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber is close to the skin, soft and good in air permeability while being radiation-proof, and is prepared by adopting boron-doped graphene nanosheets (20%), PVC color master batches (75%) and auxiliary materials (5%) through a plastic dropping process.
The eye transparent radiation-proof material 13 is a tightly attached double-layer material, the first layer is lead metal modified radiation-proof methyl methacrylate organic glass, the second layer is graphene enhanced radiation-proof boron glass, and the eye transparent radiation-proof material comprises the following components: na2SiO 327%, CaSiO 330%, Na2B4O7 & 10H2O 8%, B2O3 account for 7%, Al2O 35%, SiO 25%, boron-doped graphene 15% and PbO 3%, weighing the materials in proportion, mixing, melting at 1600 ℃ for 20 minutes, and preparing a molded lens in a mold; and grinding, annealing, tempering and the like.
The nasal porous radiation-proof graphene nano composite screen 14 is made of a double-layer screen sandwich fabric, and the first layer is a tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen; the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen is prepared by preparing the boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen in advance and sputtering nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nano-particle size is 10-600 nm, and the mass ratio of the tungsten nano-particle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano-screen is as follows: tungsten: 35%, boron polyethylene: 40 percent of boron-doped graphene, 25 percent of boron-doped graphene and sieve mesh with the aperture of 1-300 microns; the second layer is prepared by a boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen, is close to the skin and is soft and good in air permeability while preventing radiation, the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen is prepared by adopting boron-doped graphene nano sheets (20%), PVC color master batches (75%) and auxiliary materials (5%) through a plastic dripping process, the aperture of the screen is between 1 micron and 300 microns, a filling layer is arranged between the tungsten nano particles, boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen and the boron-doped graphene modified PVC soft rubber screen and filled with tungsten-boron-doped graphene aerogel, the thickness of the filling layer is 1.0cm, and the left side and the right side of the filling layer are connected with radiation-proof mask filter pieces 15; a miniature high-purity radiation-proof oxygen storage bottle 17 is connected below the radiation-proof mask filter element 15, the radiation-proof mask filter element 15 is filled with any one of tungsten-boron doped graphene mesoporous graphene nano materials and tungsten-boron doped graphene microporous graphene nano materials, the shell of the radiation-proof mask filter element 15 is composed of a tungsten diboride-boron doped graphene nano composite material, and a tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron doped graphene nano screen 16 is arranged at the central position of the outermost side; the tungsten nanoparticle-boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen 16 is prepared by preparing a boron-containing polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano screen in advance and sputtering nano-scale tungsten metal particles, wherein the tungsten metal nanoparticles have a size of 10nm-600nm, and the tungsten nanoparticle-boron-polyethylene-boron-doped graphene nano film has the mass ratio of: tungsten: 30%, boron polyethylene: 40% and 30% of boron-doped graphene; the sieve mesh aperture is 200 microns, and miniature high-purity radiation protection oxygen storage bottle shell is the tungsten steel material, and inside packing has high-purity oxygen to be provided with oxygen flow control valve, open the use under the emergency of being convenient for.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| CN110580966A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-12-17 | 潍坊护理职业学院 | special protective clothing of internal medicine with antibiotic radiation protection function |
| CN110911025A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-24 | 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 | Multiple ray shielding material |
| CN111991141A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-27 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 | Multifunctional protective glasses for field training |
| US11217354B1 (en) | 2020-10-06 | 2022-01-04 | King Abdulaziz University | Polyester nanocomposites for protection from hazardous radiation used for medical applications |
| CN112356534B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-12-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of radiation protection composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112890359A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 江西正博实业有限公司 | High-strength military boots and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN112937014B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-09-23 | 大连理工大学 | Nickel-based boron carbide composite packaging material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113990847B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Radiation-resistant packaging reinforced COTS device and preparation method thereof |
| CN115403853B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-09 | 万华化学（宁波）有限公司 | Composite material for shielding direct-current/alternating-current high-voltage cable and preparation method thereof |
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| US20140225039A1 (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2014-08-14 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Radiation shielding composite material including radiation absorbing material and method for preparing the same |
| CN103778986A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-07 | 扬州锦江有色金属有限公司 | Multifunctional nuclear radiation protective garment |
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