CN101380949B - 在巡航控制过程中混合动力再生的控制 - Google Patents

在巡航控制过程中混合动力再生的控制 Download PDF

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CN101380949B
CN101380949B CN2008101319729A CN200810131972A CN101380949B CN 101380949 B CN101380949 B CN 101380949B CN 2008101319729 A CN2008101319729 A CN 2008101319729A CN 200810131972 A CN200810131972 A CN 200810131972A CN 101380949 B CN101380949 B CN 101380949B
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CN101380949A (zh
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W·L·阿尔德里奇三世
D·D·克里特斯
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K6/485Motor-assist type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109Braking
    • B60W30/18127Regenerative braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及在巡航控制过程中混合动力再生的控制。在混合式车辆上实际再生制动的方法包括以巡航控制模块操作混合式车辆,以便保持所需车辆速度,确定实际车辆速度是否大于所需车辆速度并且使用再生制动系统制动混合式车辆。可在实际车辆速度大于所需车辆速度时在以巡航控制模式操作过程中施加制动,以便为给混合式车辆的电驱动马达供能的电池系统充电。

Description

在巡航控制过程中混合动力再生的控制
技术领域
本发明涉及混合式车辆,并且更特别是,涉及用于混合式车辆的再生(regenerative)制动系统。
背景技术
此段落中的说明只提供与本发明相关的背景信息,并且不构成现有技术。
电混合式车辆包括内燃机和电驱动马达。电马达从电池提取电流并且单独或与内燃机组合地驱动车辆。在制动过程中,电马达可作为发电机操作,并且可有助于通过以再生制动模式操作来制动,其中电马达吸收车辆的动能以便制动车辆。
许多车辆装有由巡航或速度控制装置,来保持车辆速度,而操作者不需要按压加速踏板。现在,车辆速度通过节流控制来保持。但是,下坡的车辆会超过目标速度,而不管节流位置是否关闭。
发明内容
因此,一种在混合式车辆上施加再生制动的方法可包括以巡航控制模式操作混合式车辆,以便保持所需车辆速度,确定实际车辆速度是否大于所需车辆速度,并且使用再生制动系统来制动混合式车辆。可在确定实际车辆速度大于所需车辆速度时以巡航控制模式操作的过程中施加制动,以便为给混合式车辆的电驱动马达供能的电池系统充电。
该方法还包括在混合式车辆通过重力驱动时施加制动。
混合式车辆可包括控制模块,控制模块包括发动机控制模块、混合动力控制模块以及功率系统管理模块。发动机控制模块可控制混合式车辆的燃烧发动机的操作。混合动力控制模块可控制混合式车辆的混合动力系统的操作。功率系统管理模块可与发动机控制模块和混合动力控制模块连通,以便以巡航控制模式控制混合式车辆的操作,从而保持所需车辆速度。功率系统管理模块可控制混合式车辆的再生制动系统的操作,以便在混合式车辆以巡航控制模式操作过程中有选择地为混合动力系统的电池充电。
本发明的应用的其它领域将从这里提供的描述中得以明白。应该理解到描述和特殊实例只用于说明目的,并且不打算限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
这里描述的附图只用于说明目的,并且不用来限制本发明的范围。
图1是按照本发明原理的车辆的示意图;
图2是图1所示控制模块的控制方框图;
图3是表示在巡航控制操作中混合动力再生控制的步骤的流程图;以及
图4是图3的巡航控制操作过程中混合动力再生的控制的视图。
具体实施方式
下面的描述实际上只是示例性的,并且不用来限制本发明、其应用或使用。为了清楚目的,相同的参考标号将在附图中用来表示类似的元件。如这里使用那样,术语“模块”指的是特定应用的集成电路(ASIC)、电子回路、执行一种或多种软件或固件程序的处理器(共用、专用或成组)和存储器、组合逻辑电路和/或提供所描述功能的其它适当部件。
现在参考图1,示意表示示例性混合式车辆10。车辆10包括发动机组件12、混合动力组件14、传动装置16、驱动轴18以及控制模块20。发动机组件12可包括与吸入系统24、燃料系统26和点火系统28连通的内燃机22。发动机组件12还包括与发动机22接合的带-交流发电机-启动器(BAS)系统29。吸入系统24可包括吸入歧管30、节流器32以及电子节流器控制装置(ETC)34。ETC 34可控制节流器32以便控制进入发动机22的气流。燃料系统26可包括燃料喷射器(未示出)以便控制进入发动机22的燃料,点火系统28可点燃通过吸入系统24和燃料系统26提供给发动机22的空气/燃料混合物。发动机22可包括与BAS系统29接合的曲轴36。
混合动力组件14包括电马达38和可充电电池40。马达38可与电池40电连通,以便将来自于电池40的电能转换成机械能。马达38可另外作为发电机操作,以提供充电电池40的能量,如下面描述那样。
发动机22和马达38可经由BAS系统29连接。更特别是,马达38可经由带31和第一和第二滑轮33、35连接到发动机22。第一滑轮33可连接成和曲轴36一起转动,并且第二滑轮35可连接在马达38上。第一和第二滑轮33、35可连接成经由带31一起转动。第二滑轮35可通过发动机22驱动,并且更特别是曲轴36,在正常操作过程中,操作作为发电机的马达38以便为电池40充电。作为选择,马达38可有助于驱动曲轴36转动。
发动机组件12可驱动传动装置16。发动机22可经由连接装置37连接到传动装置16上。连接装置37可包括摩擦离合器和扭矩转换器。传动装置16可使用从发动机22和/或马达38提供的动力,以便驱动输出轴46,并且驱动驱动轴18转动。作为选择,驱动轴18的转动可用来驱动曲轴36转动,并且驱动马达38以便电池40重新充电。
控制模块20可与燃料系统26、点火系统28、ETC 34、马达38以及电池40连通。参考图2,控制模块20可包括发动机控制模块48、混合动力控制模块50以及功率系统管理模块52。发动机控制模块48和混合动力控制模块50可与功率系统管理模块52连通。功率系统管理模块52可使用发动机控制模块48和混合动力控制模块50控制发动机22和马达38的操作。功率系统管理模块52还可包括巡航控制模块54,以便根据车辆10以巡航控制模式操作过程中的所需速度,控制车辆10的的速度。
发动机控制模块48可总体控制发动机22的操作,并且可包括节流控制模块56和燃料控制模块58。更特别是,发动机控制模块48可增加、减小和终止通过发动机22供应的动力。节流控制模块56可使用ETC 34在完全开启位置和闭合位置之间调节节流器32的位置,包括其中的任何中间位置。燃料控制模块58可控制燃料系统26和与其相关的燃料喷射器,以便控制去往发动机22的燃料供应。在燃料系统“接通”状态下,燃料控制模块58可调节输送到发动机22的燃料数量,以便为发动机操作提供所需数量的燃料,并且在燃料系统“关闭”状态下,可防止燃料输送,其中燃料系统26和与其相关的燃料喷射器停机。
混合动力控制模块50可总体控制混合动力组件14的操作,并且可包括马达控制模块60和电池控制模块62。更特别是,混合动力控制模块50可增加、减小或终止通过混合动力组件14供应的功率。马达控制模块60可控制马达38的操作,并且电池控制模块62可监测电池40的操作状态和充电程度。
图3表示与控制模块20相关的控制逻辑100以便在车辆10以巡航控制模式操作过程中电池40的再生。控制逻辑100可开始于决定块102,其中巡航控制操作状态通过巡航控制模块54来估计。如果巡航控制不启动,控制逻辑100可终止。如果巡航控制启动,控制逻辑100可继续到确定块104。
巡航控制模块54可在确定块104确定实际车辆速度(V实际)。控制逻辑100可接着继续到确定块106,其中巡航控制模块54可确定所需巡航速度(V所需)。一旦确定实际车辆速度(V实际)和所需巡航速度(V所需),控制逻辑100可继续到确定块108。巡航控制模块54可在确定块108确定巡航速度误差(V误差)。
速度误差(V误差)可总体通过来确定V误差=V实际-V所需。速度误差(V误差)可在决定块110通过巡航控制模块54估计。更特别是,决定块110确定速度误差(V误差)是否在预定极限内。如果速度误差(V误差)在预定极限内,控制逻辑100可返回到决定块102。如果速度误差(V误差)在预定极限以外,控制逻辑100会继续到控制块112。
控制块112可使用发动机控制模块48调节发动机组件12以便满足和保持所需的巡航速度(V所需)。发动机组件12的调节可通过节流控制模块56调节节流器32的开启,以及使用燃料控制模块58调节输送到发动机22的燃料数量。控制逻辑100可接着继续到决定块114,其中速度误差(V误差)再次通过巡航控制模块54估计。决定块114可总体确定车辆10是否在过速情况下操作。如果速度误差(V误差)大于零,车辆10在过速情况下操作,并且控制逻辑100可继续到决定块116。如果速度误差小于或等于零,控制逻辑100可返回的决定块102。
决定块116可使用发动机控制模块48来估计来自于发动机组件12的扭矩输出。如果发动机组件12不在最小扭矩大小下操作,控制逻辑100可返回到决定块102。如果发动机组件12在最小扭矩大小下操作,控制逻辑100可继续到控制块118。发动机组件12在最小扭矩大小下的操作可包括节流器32在闭合位置,并且燃料系统26和燃料喷射器在关闭状态。
控制块118可使用混合动力控制模块50将再生制动施加在车辆10。再生制动的施加可总体包括参考作为所需巡航速度(V所需)和速度误差(V误差)的函数的速查表。巡航控制模块54可根据速查表调节再生制动。控制模块100可接着返回到决定块102。
参考图4,图示表示车辆10在巡航控制模式下的操作。在t1之前的时刻,车辆10可在欠速(underspeed)状态下操作,其中速度误差(V误差)小于零。在欠速状态下,节流器32可至少部分开启,燃料系统26可在接通状态。电池40的再生级可大致等于零。
在时刻t1,速度误差(V误差)可以大致是零,并且在时刻t1之后可以大于零(过速状态)。从时刻t1到时刻t2,速度误差(V误差)可增加,并且节流器32可接近闭合位置。电池40的再生级可保持大致等于零。
在时刻t2,速度误差(V误差)可超过预定极限(如参考决定块110描述那样)。在时刻t2,节流器32可因此在闭合位置,并且燃料系统26和燃料喷射器可在关闭状态。因此,发动机组件12可在最小扭矩状态。由于发动机组件12在最小扭矩大小下操作,并且速度误差(V误差)大于零,并且在预定极限以外,再生制动可在时刻t3施加,以便产生大于电池40的零的再生级。速度误差(V误差)可以在再生制动于时刻t3开始时增加。由于车辆10在下坡行驶并且通过重力驱动,速度误差(V误差)可增加速度。误差(V误差)的增加通常与实际车辆速度(V实际)相对应。再生级可继续大于零,直到在时刻t4速度误差在预定继续内为止。节流器32和燃料系统26可接着在时刻t5调节,以便保持所需的车辆速度。
另外,以上描述只说明和解释了本发明的示例性实施例。本领域普通技术人员将从此说明和附图以及权利要求中理解到可以进行多种变型、改型和变化而不偏离下面权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种在混合式车辆上施加再生制动的方法,包括:
以巡航控制模式操作混合式车辆,以便保持所需车辆速度;
确定实际车辆速度是否大于所需车辆速度;以及
在确定实际车辆速度大于所需车辆速度时,在以巡航控制模式操作过程中,使用再生制动系统制动混合式车辆,以便为电池系统充电,电池系统为混合式车辆的电驱动马达供能。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在实际车辆速度大于所需车辆速度时减小混合式车辆的内燃机的功率输出。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,减小包括将内燃机的功率输出减小到最小程度。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在制动之前出现减小。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定实际车辆速度和所需车辆速度之间的误差,在误差在预定极限以外时出现制动。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括确定混合式车辆的内燃机的功率输出。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在内燃机的功率输出在最小程度时出现制动。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括参考速查表,以便确定制动大小。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,制动的持续时间取决于所需车辆速度以及实际车辆速度和所需车辆速度之间的误差。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在实际车辆速度增加并且混合式车辆的内燃机在非操作状态时出现制动。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,在实际车辆速度和所需车辆速度之间的误差增加时出现制动。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在混合式车辆通过重力驱动时出现制动。
13.一种在混合式车辆上施加再生制动的方法,包括:
以巡航控制模式操作混合式车辆,以便保持所需车辆速度;
确定车辆速度何时由于重力增加;以及
在确定车辆速度由于重力增加时,以巡航控制模式操作过程中,使用再生制动系统来制动混合式车辆,以便对电池系统充电,电池系统为混合式车辆的电驱动马达供能。
14.一种控制模块,包括:
发动机控制模块,控制混合式车辆的内燃机的操作;
混合动力控制模块,控制混合式车辆的混合动力系统的操作;以及
功率系统管理模块,与所述发动机控制模块和所述混合动力控制模块连通,以便以巡航控制模式控制混合式车辆的操作,从而保持所需车辆速度,所述功率系统管理模块控制混合式车辆的再生制动系统的操作,以便在实际车辆速度大于所需车辆速度时在混合式车辆以巡航控制模式操作时对混合动力系统的电池充电。
15.如权利要求14所述的控制模块,其特征在于,所述功率系统管理模块在混合式车辆以大于所需车辆速度的车辆速度操作时指令减小混合式车辆的驱动功率。
16.如权利要求15所述的控制模块,其特征在于,在所述功率系统管理模块指令减小驱动功率时,所述发动机控制模块减小来自于内燃机的功率输出。
17.如权利要求14所述的控制模块,其特征在于,所述功率系统管理模块估计所需车辆速度和操作车辆速度之间的误差。
18.如权利要求17所述的控制模块,其特征在于,所述功率系统管理模块在操作车辆速度大于所需车辆速度并且误差在预定极限以外时指令混合式车辆的再生制动。
19.如权利要求18所述的控制模块,其特征在于,所述发动机控制模块确定内燃机是否在最小功率大小下操作,并且所述功率系统管理模块在内燃机在最小功率大小操作时指令混合式车辆再生制动。
20.如权利要求14所述的控制模块,其特征在于,所述功率系统管理模块在混合式车辆通过重力驱动时指令通过再生制动系统制动。
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