CN101380659B - Mould for cold forging and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
Mould for cold forging and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101380659B CN101380659B CN2008102143678A CN200810214367A CN101380659B CN 101380659 B CN101380659 B CN 101380659B CN 2008102143678 A CN2008102143678 A CN 2008102143678A CN 200810214367 A CN200810214367 A CN 200810214367A CN 101380659 B CN101380659 B CN 101380659B
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a mould for cold forging and a manufacturing method thereof, and inhibits sticking a finished produced forged by the mould for the cold forging through preventing abrasion or peeling of a hard membrane formed on the surface of the mould for the cold forging. The mould for the cold forging comprises a single-layer or multi-layer membrane arranged on a design surface of the mould, and the membrane is formed by one, two or more than two substances selected from the following cluster, wherein the cluster comprises carbide, nitride or carbonitride containing one, two or more than two metals in 4A family, 5A family and 6A family, and nitride containing one, two or more than two metals in the 4A family, the 5A family and the 6A family and one or two elements of Si and Al, wherein the 4A family means Ti, Zr and Hf; the 5A family means V, Nb and Ta; the 6A family means Cr, Mo and W; the surface roughness Ra of the membrane measured from any direction is more than or equal to 0.05 micron or less than or equal to 0.50 micron.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mould for cold forging and manufacturing approach thereof, relate to following technology in more detail, that is, through mould for cold forging being carried out bead or form coating, and suppress to utilize the sticking type of the moulding article (high-tensile steel) that mould for cold forging forges.
Background technology
In order to reduce the CO of vehicle
2Discharge capacity, guarantee crashworthiness, need make car body lighting, high rigidization, the utilization rate of high-tensile steel rises rapidly.Yet; Because high-tensile steel has high strength; So utilizing mould for cold forging high-tensile steel to be carried out under the situation of punch process, steel and mould for cold forging produce fierce friction, and it is not enough that oil film takes place; Make steel and mould for cold forging produce small heat adhesion easily, and produce the defective that is called sticking type (at the moulding article, be the muscle shape slight crack that produces on the high-tensile steel).Form the moulding article of this defective, can't use as product.
Therefore, in order to address this problem, attempted with methods such as the PVD method hard coat with the affinity difference of iron that on mould for cold forging, is covered.
In addition, the process for treating surface as prolonging die life etc. has also proposed multiple technologies at present.
For example,, carry out nitriding at die surface and handle for the warm forging mould, make on the die surface after the nitriding form by nitride layer trickle concavo-convex.Then, when warm forging,, apply lubricant at this die surface in order to suppress the wearing and tearing of mould.Lubricant is that the powder that graphite or BN etc. have a solid lubrication effect is diluted in the water and forms, and lubricant carries out to the mould spraying through in warm forging the time to the coating of die surface.
Coated lubricant get into by nitride layer forms trickle concavo-convex in, utilize the lubricant of this entering in concavo-convex can keep lubrication, the wearing and tearing of inhibition mould.In addition, though nitride layer peel off, if make the die surface oxidation through the heat in forging, then the surface after the oxidation also can with nitride layer likewise form trickle concavo-convex, by this concavo-convex maintenance lubricant.Therefore, even nitride layer is peeled off the wearing and tearing that also can suppress mould.
Yet, forming by nitride layer under the concavo-convex situation, there is the inadequate problem of inhibition effect of wearing and tearing.Therefore, in recent years, in order to suppress the wearing and tearing of mould, Application and Development will be harder than nitride layer hard coat (CrN, TiAlN etc.) overlayed on the technology of die surface.
As the technology that forms the CrN overlay film; Following hot-working or warm processing mold are for example disclosed in patent documentation 1; After it uses diamond paste (#3000mesh) that the surface roughness adjustment is carried out on the surface of die matrix material; Form nitriding layer, utilize the multi sphere method to form the hardened layer that constitutes by CrN after cleaning.In addition, in patent documentation 2, disclose following mold and pattern for casting tool, it forms the surface treatment film that is made up of CrN at the inwall of the die cavity that is used to inject motlten metal.
In addition, as other process for treating surface that can prolong die life etc., proposed to carry out the technology of bead.
For example; Following technology is disclosed in patent documentation 3; That is,, throw the projection material (particle diameter is 125 μ m) with the common shot-peening size of the identical proportion of iron class projection material second with 60～100m/ through the mould (SKD, SKH) after the heat treated (also comprising nitriding processing, carbo-nitriding processing etc.); Thereby obtain level and smooth die surface, obtain maximum residual compressive stress value simultaneously.
In addition; Following technology is disclosed in patent documentation 4; That is, on instruments such as axle or mould, form nitriding layer or TiN hard coat, above that through carry out bead second with shot-peening particle diameter 40～200 μ m, shot-peening jet velocity 100m/; Thereby the wearing and tearing or the hairline that suppress axle are realized long lifetime.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 11-092909
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 10-137915
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens 2003-191166
Patent documentation 4: the spy opens 2003-253422
Summary of the invention
Yet, overlayed on the above-mentioned mould for cold forging and hard coat iron affinity difference, owing to receive strong friction, make the hard coat wearing and tearing of mould for cold forging, finally cause and peel off, thereby can't give full play to the effect that suppresses sticking type.
In addition; Be used to suppress the hard coat (CrN, TiAIN etc.) of the wearing and tearing of above-mentioned warm forging mould; Cover equably on the substrate mould, so the surface roughness of the mould after surface roughness behind the overlay film and machined or the attrition process roughly the same (smooth state).Therefore, the tack of lubricant is relatively poor, and lubricant flows, and the confining force of lubricant is low.In addition, because the oxidative resistance of this hard coat is high, so that overlay film is difficult for is oxidized.Thereby, there is following problems, that is, die surface does not form trickle concavo-convex, and the confining force of lubricant is low, because lack of lubrication promotes wearing and tearing on the contrary.
In addition, mould is used in disclosed warm forging or forge hot in the patent documentation 1, and it is a main purpose with the tack of peeling off, improve that prevents cured film, and is provided with the CrN hardened layer.In order to improve tack, it is concavo-convex that the surface is not had, more smoothly good more; Therefore for the formation method of the hard coat that is used to improve adhesive force; From the viewpoint of wearability, the confining force that still can't solve lubricant is low, because lack of lubrication promotes this problem of wearing and tearing on the contrary.
In addition, disclosed mold and pattern for casting tool in the patent documentation 2, its with reduce casting material adhere to or pulling capacity when piling up, reducing the foundry goods demoulding is a main purpose, replacement releasing agent and form CrN obtains good release property.In order to improve release property, it is concavo-convex, level and smooth to hope that the surface does not have as much as possible.Basically, the mold and pattern for casting tool is different fully on purposes with mould with forging.
In addition, disclosed bead technology all is after die surface is through formation hard layers such as nitriding processing, to carry out bead in the patent documentation 3 and 4.In addition, the bead technology in the patent documentation 3 and 4 is through giving the generation that residual compressive stress suppresses surface checking, improving fatigue strength.Therefore,, use disclosed bead technology in the patent documentation 3 and 4, on hard layer, carry out bead, the problem that then exists the hard layer that forms by nitriding processing etc. to ftracture if can to keep the concavo-convex of good lubricant confining force be purpose to form.
The present invention In view of the foregoing proposes; Its purpose is to provide a kind of mould for cold forging and manufacturing approach thereof; Wearing and tearing through the hard coat that prevents to form or peel off on the surface of mould for cold forging, thus can suppress to utilize the sticking type of the moulding article that mould for cold forging forges.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, inventor of the present invention studies the method that is used to prevent the wearing and tearing on mould for cold forging surface or peel off, suppress the sticking type of moulding article, covers the mould design surface if draw with hard coat, then can make the conclusion of die surface hardening.In addition; Inventor of the present invention draws as drawing a conclusion: if before lining forms hard coat; Form concavo-convexly in the mould design surface through bead, when then being covered hard coat above that, its concaveconvex shape can be reflected on the hard coat; Make also form on this hard coat concavo-convex, this concavo-convex confining force that can the long term maintenance lubricant that forms by hard coat.The conclusion that draws thus is, the wearing and tearing on the mould for cold forging surface in the time of can significantly preventing punch process or peel off, and can also suppress the sticking type of moulding article simultaneously.
The present invention is based on this conclusion and proposes.The present invention provides a kind of mould for cold forging; It comprises the overlay film that is arranged on the single or multiple lift on the mould design surface; This overlay film is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal; And containing a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal, the surface roughness Ra of above-mentioned overlay film is measured from any direction and all is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.
In above-mentioned mould for cold forging, can make the thickness of above-mentioned overlay film be less than or equal to 20 μ m more than or equal to 1 μ m.
In above-mentioned any mould for cold forging, also can carry out the nitriding that case depth is less than or equal to 200 μ m to above-mentioned mould design surface.
And, in above-mentioned any mould for cold forging, preferably through bead above-mentioned mould design surface form concavo-convex after, form above-mentioned overlay film.
At this moment, the blasting media in the time of can making above-mentioned bead throws with the velocity of projection that is less than or equal to 100m/ second.
In addition; In order to solve above-mentioned problem; The present invention provides a kind of manufacturing approach of mould for cold forging; It comprises: concavo-convex formation operation, and it forms concavo-convex on the mould design surface through bead, surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m; And overlay film forms operation; It is after carrying out above-mentioned concavo-convex formation operation; On above-mentioned mould design surface, form the overlay film of single or multiple lift through the PVD method; This overlay film is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal.
In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides the manufacturing approach of another kind of mould for cold forging, and it comprises: concavo-convex formation operation before the lining, and it forms concavo-convex on the mould design surface through bead; Overlay film forms operation; It is before carrying out above-mentioned lining after the concavo-convex formation operation; On above-mentioned mould design surface, form the overlay film of single or multiple lift through the PVD method; This overlay film is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal; And the lining recurve convexes into operation, and it is carrying out after above-mentioned overlay film forms operation, on above-mentioned overlay film, forms concavo-convexly through bead, surface roughness Ra measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.
The effect of invention
Mould for cold forging involved in the present invention, hard because possess the concavo-convex hard coat that is formed with the regulation surface roughness Ra by the protuberance that hard coat constitutes in the mould design surface, and have the surface roughness Ra of regulation, so not easy to wear.In addition, what on hard coat, form is concavo-convex, because have the surface roughness Ra of regulation, so the confining force of lubricant is good, can reduce friction.Thereby what on hard coat, form is concavo-convex, and confining force that can the long term maintenance lubricant can prevent the wearing and tearing of hard coat or peels off, and can prevent that therefore moulding article and mould for cold forging from producing small heat and adhering, and can suppress the sticking type of moulding article thus.That is, mould for cold forging involved in the present invention by the Overlay of hard coat and surface roughness Ra (concavo-convex), can prevent the wearing and tearing of hard coat or peels off, and can suppress the sticking type of moulding article.Thereby mould for cold forging involved in the present invention can prolong die life, can realize the cost that reduces this mould for cold forging and utilize its various moulding article that forge.
The manufacturing approach of mould for cold forging involved in the present invention because have said structure, all is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m so the surface roughness Ra of die surface is measured from any direction.By the mould for cold forging that this method obtains, can obtain the effect identical with mould for cold forging involved in the present invention.
In addition, the manufacturing approach of mould for cold forging involved in the present invention because before hard coat forms, carry out bead, so compare with the situation of carrying out bead after hard coat forms, has the effect that hard coat can not ftracture.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of section of the surface portion of expression mould for cold forging 1.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the shape of expression employed drift of shape for hat bend test and punch die.
Fig. 3 is expression shape for hat bend test result's a curve map, be with and surface roughness Ra between relation the curve map that the processing number before the sticking type takes place workpiece is shown.
The specific embodiment
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing an embodiment of the invention are elaborated.
(mould for cold forging)
The mould for cold forging 1 that an embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1 are related, as long as be made up of the cold mould steel and the improvement steel thereof that with JIS SKD11 are representative, material does not have particular determination.
Mould for cold forging 1 has the hard coat 3 of single or multiple lift on mould design surface 2; This hard coat 3 is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal.Make hard coat 3 be for above-mentioned material because, and merely mould design surface 2 is carried out nitriding and compares hardlyer, therefore not easy to wear, promptly wearability is outstanding.In addition, its reason also is, if hard coat 3 is not easy to wear, then can prevents it and peel off, and prevents that forging the moulding article (high-tensile steel) that obtain by mould for cold forging 1 small heat adhesion occurs, suppresses sticking type.Certainly, mould design surface 2 also can be carried out the nitriding that case depth is less than or equal to 200 μ m.
The surface roughness Ra of mould design surface 2 is measured from any direction and all is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.It is for this surface roughness Ra is reflected on " surface roughness Ra of the hard coat 3 that forms on the surface of mould design surface 2 " that the surface roughness Ra of mould design surface 2 is dropped in this scope.Its reason is; If the surface roughness Ra of the hard coat 3 that reflects less than 0.05 μ m, then can't obtain the sufficient confining force of lubricant; Almost do not prevent the effect of hard coat 3 wearing and tearing; And if surpass 0.50 μ m, then because die surface 4 concavo-convex excessive can promote sticking type on the contrary.Therefore, the surface roughness Ra of mould design surface 2 is dropped in this scope.The surface roughness Ra of mould design surface 2 further is preferably greater than or equals 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m.Certainly, as long as the surface roughness Ra of hard coat 3 is dropped in the above-mentioned scope, the surface roughness Ra of mould design surface 2 is not limited to above-mentioned scope.
Hard coat 3 contacts when punching press with by moulding material (workpiece), and surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction and all is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.Make the surface roughness Ra of hard coat 3 drop on this scope be because; If less than 0.05 μ m; Then can't obtain the sufficient confining force of lubricant, almost not prevent the effect of hard coat 3 wearing and tearing, and if surpass 0.50 μ m; Then because die surface 4 concavo-convex excessive can promote sticking type on the contrary.The surface roughness Ra of hard coat 3 further is preferably greater than or equals 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m.
The thickness of hard coat 3 is that all preferred integral body of individual layer or multilayer is less than or equal to 20 μ m more than or equal to 1 μ m.The thickness of hard coat 3 is dropped in this scope be because, if less than 1 μ m, prevent that then the wearing and tearing of hard coat 3 or the effect of peeling off are little, and if surpass 20 μ m, the time lengthening that then is covered, economic aspect is unfavorable.Constituting under the situation of hard coat 3 with multilayer, its lamination order is not particularly limited.
(manufacturing approach of mould for cold forging)
The mould for cold forging 1 that an embodiment of the invention are related for example, can use with JIS SKD11 to be the cold mould steel of representative and the mould of improvement steel formation thereof, and the order that forms operation according to following (1) concavo-convex formation operation and (2) overlay film is made.In addition, (3) after carrying out, stated lining recurve convexes under the situation of operation, and following (1) concavo-convex formation operation is called concavo-convex formation operation before the lining especially.
(1) concavo-convex formation operation (concavo-convex formation operation before the lining)
In concavo-convex formation operation; On mould design surface 2, form concavo-convex through bead; Its surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m (further be preferably greater than or equal 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m) more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.If this is concavo-convex as the machined into face, have concavo-convexly from a direction, and do not have concavo-convexly from other direction, then can't obtain effect.Therefore, form concavo-convex with the mode that is the surface roughness Ra of regulation from any direction measurement.For this reason; Bead can be carried out in the following manner; Promptly; Blasting media to be less than or equal to the 100m/ velocity of projection of second (be about to surface collision time speed) projection, perhaps is less than or equal to metal diameter the projection pressure (pressure that begins throw) of blasting media to be less than or equal to 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa of 100 μ m, is less than or equal to the projection distance of 300mm more than or equal to 100mm and throws.
Under the situation of concavo-convex formation operation before concavo-convex formation operation is equivalent to be covered (stating the situation that (3) lining recurve convexes into operation after carrying out); Convex in the operation at the lining recurve; Surface roughness Ra is as long as be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m; Therefore the surface roughness Ra before being covered during concavo-convex formation operation does not have particular determination, but is preferably greater than or equals 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m.Thereby; Bead can be through carrying out metal system blasting media with the velocity of projection projection of 100m/ second; Perhaps preferably the blasting media through metal diameter being less than or equal to 100 μ m is less than or equal to the projection distance projection of 300mm and carries out to be less than or equal to the projection pressure of 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa more than or equal to 100mm.
In addition, no matter under above-mentioned which kind of situation, all make velocity of projection be less than or equal to 100m/ second, be in order to make the surface roughness Ra optimization, and can not make it excessive, sticking type is worsened.Simultaneously, velocity of projection surpasses 100m/ this condition second, though help to improve fatigue strength, can make surface roughness Ra excessive.
In addition, before carrying out bead, can carry out the nitriding that case depth is less than or equal to 200 μ m to mould design surface 2 in advance.Its reason is, makes the die surface sclerosis, to improve the tack of overlay film.
(2) overlay film forms operation
Lining below forms in the operation; Utilize PVD method or CVD method on mould design surface 2, to form the hard coat 3 of single or multiple lift; This hard coat 3 is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, the W) metal.Because hard coat 3 is formed on and forms on the irregular mould design surface 2 through bead, so the concaveconvex shape of mould design surface 2 is reflected as the surface configuration of hard coat 3.Thereby; The surface roughness Ra of hard coat 3 becomes and is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m (further be preferably greater than or equal 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m) more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.Perhaps; For hard coat 3; After carrying out, stating (3) lining recurve convexes under the situation of operation; Convex into the bead in the operation through the lining recurve, the surface roughness Ra of hard coat 3 is become be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m (further be preferably greater than or equal 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m) more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.
In addition, the surface roughness Ra of preferred hard coat 3 is when any two directions are measured, and its difference is in 50%.
Hard coat 3 with above structure is because protuberance is hard and have the surface roughness Ra of regulation, so not easy to wear.In addition, because concavo-convex surface roughness Ra with regulation, so the confining force of lubricant is good.Thereby, can prevent the wearing and tearing of hard coat or peel off, the concavo-convex confining force that can the long term maintenance lubricant that on this hard coat, forms.Like this, if hard coat 3 is not easy to wear, can keep the confining force of lubricant; Then can reduce friction; Can prevent peeling off of hard coat 3, can prevent that small heat adhesion from appearring in the moulding article (high-tensile steel) that utilize mould for cold forging 1 to forge, and can suppress sticking type.
As the PVD method of carrying out, can adopt in vacuum evaporation, ion plating, the sputter vapor deposition any one, special preferred ion plating in order to form hard coat 3.Ion plating method is that the metal after the evaporation is carried out ionization; With this metal ion utilizing electric field to quicken under the reactant gas atmosphere attached on the item for disposal surface (mould design surface 2); As the method that makes evaporation of metal, can adopt the method for cathode arc discharge or in the hollow cathode formula any one.The preferred ion plating is because compare with the CVD method, can handle with lower temperature, therefore can prevent mould for cold forging 1 is softened by what heat affecting caused, can reduce the strain of quenching and causing by again.In addition, can also adopt resistance heated vapor deposition, electron beam evaporation plating, molecular beam epitaxy.
Forming under the situation of hard coat 3 through ion plating method, the voltage of electric field that Ionized metal is quickened is 10～500V.In addition, can use hydrocarbon gas or nitrogen such as methane as reactant gas, its pressure is selected to get final product from 0.1～10Pa.
At this moment, no matter preferred hard coat 3 is individual layer or multilayer, all makes whole thickness be less than or equal to 20 μ m more than or equal to 1 μ m.Under the situation of multilayer, change kind from lower layer side in order to upper layer side and carry out the PVD method repeatedly and get final product.
In addition, also can before forming hard coat 3, carry out ion exposure to mould design surface 2.In this case, preferably use the metal ion or the Ar ion of 4A family (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5A family (V, Nb, Ta), 6A family (Cr, Mo, W) metal etc. to carry out, the voltage of electric field of speeding-up ion is 500～2000V during this ion exposure.
To the resulting mould for cold forging 1 of the operation of carrying out above-mentioned (1) and (2), can also carry out following (3) lining recurve and convex into operation.
(3) the lining recurve convexes into operation
Lining recurve below convexes in the operation; On hard coat 3, form concavo-convex through bead; Surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m (further be preferably greater than or equal 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m) more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.If this is concavo-convex as the machined into face, have concavo-convexly from a direction, and do not have concavo-convexly from other direction, then can't obtain effect.Therefore, form concavo-convex with the mode that is the surface roughness Ra of regulation from any direction measurement.For this reason; Bead can be carried out in the following manner; Promptly; Pottery system or the glass blasting media velocity of projection with 100m/ second is throwed, and the blasting media that perhaps is less than or equal to 100 μ m through the diameter with pottery system or glass is to be less than or equal to the projection pressure of 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the projection distance that is less than or equal to 300mm more than or equal to 100mm throws.Here, do not use metal system blasting media and use pottery system or glass blasting media, though be because hard coat 3 is the more crisp of hard, if therefore use metal system blasting media then hard coat 3 is ftractureed.In addition, make blasting media be based on reason same as described above with the velocity of projection projection that is less than or equal to 100m/ second.
The reason that also convexes into operation through the lining recurve and further carry out bead is; Promote that trickle concavo-convex (surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m; Further be preferably greater than or equal 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m; More preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m) formation; Simultaneously through giving residual compressive stress, thereby improve the tack of hard coat 3 to the surface of mould design surface 2 and hard coat 3, and then the die life of improving mould for cold forging 1.
In addition, also has following reason.If in overlay film formation operation, carry out ion plating, then can evaporatively not adhere to hemispheric so-called droplet on the surface of hard coat 3 with liquid condition.This droplet can not play maintaining part, therefore for its removal, after forming hard coat 3, carries out bead and gets final product.
(effect)
Manufacturing approach according to above-mentioned mould for cold forging; On mould design surface 2, form concavo-convex through bead; Surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m, and form hard coat 3 through PVD above that more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.Thereby, make the concaveconvex shape of mould design surface 2 be reflected as the surface configuration of hard coat 3, the surface roughness Ra of hard coat 3 is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m.The mould for cold forging of processing like this 1 is because the protuberance that on hard coat 3, forms is hard and have the surface roughness Ra of regulation, so not easy to wear.In addition, because the concavo-convex surface roughness Ra with regulation that on hard coat 3, forms, so the confining force of lubricant is good.Thereby, through constitute by hard coat 3 concavo-convex and keep the confining force of lubricant chronically.
Like this,, can keep the confining force of lubricant, then can prevent peeling off of hard coat 3, can prevent that small heat adhesion from appearring in the moulding article (high-tensile steel) that utilize mould for cold forging 1 to forge, and can suppress sticking type if hard coat 3 is not easy to wear.
Through above-mentioned Overlay, mould for cold forging 1 can suppress wearing and tearing, prolongs die life, realizes that the quality of moulding article improves.
If the mould for cold forging 1 to being formed with hard coat 3 further carries out bead; Then be less than or equal to the so concavo-convex formation of 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m except the surface roughness Ra that can further promote hard coat 3; Improve outside the tack through giving residual compressive stress, can also remove droplet.Thus,, can further prevent the wearing and tearing of hard coat 3 or peel off, can prevent that small heat adhesion from appearring in the moulding article (high-tensile steel) that utilize mould for cold forging 1 to forge, and can suppress sticking type for mould for cold forging 1.Through above-mentioned Overlay, mould for cold forging 1 can suppress wearing and tearing, prolongs die life, realizes that the quality of moulding article improves.
[embodiment]
Below, embodiments of the invention and Comparative Examples are described.
(making of drift and punch die)
For embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 1～5, modified JISSKD11 for 59HRC processed prepare drift shown in Figure 2 and punch die.
Subsequently, to the substrate surface (part that is represented by dotted lines among Fig. 2) of the punch die of embodiment 1,4,6,9～11,13,16,17,18 and Comparative Examples 2～4, carry out the hardened layer integral thickness respectively and be the plasma nitriding of 0.05mm and handle.
Then, form small concavo-convex through bead projection blasting media to the punch die of embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 2～5 surface (part that is represented by dotted lines among Fig. 2).At this moment, for embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 3～5, bead is to use the particle diameter of steel to be less than or equal to the blasting media of 100 μ m, carries out with the velocity of projection of 100m/ second.At this moment, projection pressure is less than or equal to 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and projection distance is less than or equal to 300mm more than or equal to 100mm.For Comparative Examples 2, the particle diameter that is to use steel is the blasting media of 500 μ m, carries out with the velocity of projection of 150m/ second.At this moment, projection pressure is less than or equal to 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and projection distance is less than or equal to 300mm more than or equal to 100mm.
Then, to the punch die surface (part that is represented by dotted lines among Fig. 2) of embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 1～3, with ion plating method lining hard coat.At this moment, the voltage of electric field that carries out argon ion bombardment is 500～1000V, and the voltage of electric field that is covered is 50～300V, and the pressure of reactant gas is 1～10Pa.The actual conditions of each embodiment and each Comparative Examples is corresponding with overlay film kind shown in the table 1 etc. and from above-mentioned condition, choose.Under the situation of multilayer (embodiment 13～15), carry out ion plating method repeatedly.In addition, the multilayer overlay film of embodiment 13～15, the overlay film in the left side in this table of lining earlier, the overlay film on the right side that is covered subsequently.That is, if be example with embodiment 13, lining TiN earlier then, CrN then is covered.
Then, to the punch die of embodiment 4,5,7,8,11,14,15,17,18 and Comparative Examples 2～5 surface (part that is represented by dotted lines among Fig. 2), form small concavo-convex once more on the surface through bead.At this moment, for each embodiment and Comparative Examples 3～5, bead is to use the particle diameter of pottery system or glass to be less than or equal to the blasting media of 100 μ m, carries out with the velocity of projection of 100m/ second.At this moment, projection pressure is less than or equal to 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and projection distance is less than or equal to 300mm more than or equal to 100mm.For Comparative Examples 2, the particle diameter that is to use glass is the blasting media of 500 μ m, carries out with the velocity of projection of 150m/ second.At this moment, projection pressure is less than or equal to 0.6MPa more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and projection distance is less than or equal to 300mm more than or equal to 100mm.
Obtain the drift and the punch die of embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 1～5 through above step.In addition, only dotted portion among Fig. 2 being carried out surface treatment, is because can prevent small heat adhesion in other part, and sticking type can not take place.
Subsequently, to embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 1～5, measure overlay film thickness (μ m), the surface roughness Ra (μ m) on the punch die surface (part that is represented by dotted lines among Fig. 2) shown in this figure.Surface roughness Ra is to be standard with JIS B0601, the result who measures from the both direction of any quadrature.Its result gathers in table 1 and illustrates.
(shape for hat bend test)
For embodiment 1～18 and Comparative Examples 1～5, use drift and punch die shown in Figure 2, under following condition, carry out the shape for hat bend test.The shape for hat bend test is to the following high-tensile steel as workpiece, changes a workpiece at every turn and carries out repeatedly, until producing sticking type.
< shape for hat bend test condition >
(1) stroke 50mm
(2) workpiece 980MPa level high-tensile steel, thickness are 1.5mm, no surface treatment
(3) lubricant is with the antirust oil of hairbrush coating
(4) the material SKD11 of mould for cold forging (drift and punch die)
Number before sticking type takes place workpiece is shown in the table 1 in the lump.
The result of the shape for hat bend test shown in the table 1 is shown with curve map among Fig. 3.The curve map of Fig. 3 with and surface roughness Ra between relation the processing number before sticking type takes place workpiece is shown.
[table 1]
For hard coat, what XXX/YYY represented is, XXX is a lower layer side, and YYY is a upper layer side.
Surface roughness is the result who measures from the both direction of quadrature.
The substrate nitriding is to be illustrated on the punch die to have carried out nitriding before the formation overlay film.
(evaluation)
At first; Comparison according to Comparative Examples 1～3 and Comparative Examples 4,5 can be known; If as Comparative Examples 1～3, form hard coat; Then, compare, the preceding processing number of the sticking type of generation is significantly increased with the residual compressive stress of giving merely of carrying out nitriding or Comparative Examples 5 merely of Comparative Examples 4 regardless of their surface roughness Ra.Therefore, the formation that can know hard coat is effective to suppressing sticking type.In addition, relatively Comparative Examples 4 and 5 can be known, has carried out the substrate nitriding and has compared with not carrying out the substrate nitriding, and the preceding processing number of sticking type takes place significantly to be increased, so the substrate nitriding also is effective to suppressing sticking type.
Embodiment 1～18 compares with Comparative Examples 1～3, and the preceding processing number of sticking type takes place further significantly to be increased.
At first, the few reason of processing number before the sticking type of the generation of Comparative Examples 1 can be described as, the Comparative Examples 1 preceding shot-peening that both be not covered, and the back shot-peening that also is not covered, so compare with embodiment 1～18, its surface roughness Ra is too small.In other words, its reason can be described as, because the surface roughness Ra of Comparative Examples 1 is too small; So the confining force of lubricant is low, perhaps repel lubricant, make hard coat produce wearing and tearing easily or peel off; Small heat adhesion takes place with punch die in workpiece (high-tensile steel), and sticking type takes place.
Secondly, for Comparative Examples 2, though both carried out shot-peening before the lining, also carried out lining back shot-peening, the preceding still less reason of processing number of sticking type has taken place can be described as, to compare surface roughness Ra excessive with embodiment 1～18.In other words, its reason can be described as, because the surface roughness Ra of Comparative Examples 2 is excessive, so promote the wearing and tearing of concavo-convex protuberance, is easy to generate and peels off, and makes workpiece (high-tensile steel) and punch die that small heat adhesion take place, and sticking type takes place.In addition, can also think,, cause surface roughness Ra excessive because the velocity of projection of Comparative Examples 2 is 150m/ second as the reason that this result occurs.
Once more; For Comparative Examples 3; Though both carried out the preceding shot-peening of lining, carried out lining back shot-peening, and surface roughness Ra there is not too big difference with embodiment 1～18 yet yet; But the still less reason of processing number that takes place before the sticking type can be described as, and surface roughness Ra is in directions X and Y direction variant (roughness has anisotropy).In other words, its reason can be described as, because the surface roughness Ra of Comparative Examples 3 has the roughness anisotropy; So lubricant flows to certain direction; Its result, the confining force of lubricant dies down, and makes hard coat produce wearing and tearing easily or peels off; Small heat adhesion takes place in high-tensile steel and punch die, and sticking type takes place.
Relative therewith; For embodiment 1～18, hard coat forms concavo-convex, and its protuberance is hard; And form the concavo-convex of regulation surface roughness Ra (being less than or equal to 0.50 μ m) more than or equal to 0.05 μ m; Recess forms the maintenance position of lubricant, and friction is reduced, and hard coat is difficult for producing wearing and tearing or peeling off.In addition, among the embodiment 1～18, the concavo-convex surface roughness Ra (being less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.05 μ m) that drops on regulation under the situation that both direction is measured at least arbitrarily, so the confining force of lubricant is good.Thereby; Embodiment 1～18 compares with Comparative Examples 1～5 through the Overlay of hard coat and surface roughness Ra (concavo-convex), can further suppress the wearing and tearing of hard coat or peels off; Can keep the confining force of lubricant; Its result can suppress workpiece (high-tensile steel) and with punch die small heat adhesion take place, and can suppress the generation of sticking type thus.
In addition, according to the curve map of Fig. 3,, can confirm that the generation of embodiment 1,16 is glued the preceding processing number of type significantly more than Comparative Examples 2 with the ground that comes to the same thing shown in the table 1.In addition, the two can know comparing embodiment 1,18, has carried out lining back shot-peening and the back shot-peening that is not covered is compared, and the processing number that takes place on the whole before the sticking type has the tendency that increases.Can know from the curve map of Fig. 3; The surface roughness Ra of hard coat is preferably greater than or equals 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m; Further be preferably greater than or equal 0.05 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.30 μ m, more preferably greater than or equal 0.10 μ m and be less than or equal to 0.25 μ m.
More than, an embodiment of the invention are illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to the situation of above-mentioned enforcement.
Industrial applicibility
Mould for cold forging involved in the present invention and manufacturing approach thereof can be improved die life through suppressing die wear, improve the quality of moulding article, the manufacturer that therefore makes various products for mould manufacturer or use mould, and industrial applicibility is high.
Claims (7)
1. a mould for cold forging is characterized in that,
It comprises the overlay film that is arranged on the single or multiple lift on the mould design surface; This overlay film is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family, 5A family, the 6A family metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family, 5A family, the 6A family metal, and wherein, above-mentioned 4A family is meant Ti, Zr, Hf, and 5A family is meant V, Nb, Ta, and 6A family is meant Cr, Mo, W,
The surface roughness Ra of above-mentioned overlay film is measured from any direction and all is less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.10 μ m,
Through bead above-mentioned mould design surface form concavo-convex after, form above-mentioned overlay film.
2. mould for cold forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The thickness of above-mentioned overlay film is less than or equal to 20 μ m more than or equal to 1 μ m.
3. mould for cold forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned mould design surface has been carried out the nitriding that case depth is less than or equal to 200 μ m.
4. mould for cold forging according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned mould design surface has been carried out the nitriding that case depth is less than or equal to 200 μ m.
5. mould for cold forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Blasting media during above-mentioned bead is to throw with the velocity of projection that is less than or equal to 100m/ second.
6. the manufacturing approach of a mould for cold forging, it comprises:
Concavo-convex formation operation, it forms concavo-convex on the mould design surface through bead, surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.10 μ m; And
Overlay film forms operation; It is after carrying out above-mentioned concavo-convex formation operation; On above-mentioned mould design surface, form the overlay film of single or multiple lift through the PVD method; This overlay film is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family, 5A family, the 6A family metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family, 5A family, the 6A family metal, and wherein, above-mentioned 4A family is meant Ti, Zr, Hf, and 5A family is meant V, Nb, Ta, and 6A family is meant Cr, Mo, W.
7. the manufacturing approach of a mould for cold forging, it comprises:
Concavo-convex formation operation before the lining, it forms concavo-convex on the mould design surface through bead;
Overlay film forms operation; It is before carrying out above-mentioned lining after the concavo-convex formation operation; On above-mentioned mould design surface, form the overlay film of single or multiple lift through the PVD method; This overlay film is made up of a kind of, two or more material of from following crowd, selecting, and this crowd comprises: the carbide, nitride or the carbonitride that contain a kind of, two or more metal in 4A family, 5A family, the 6A family metal; And contain a kind of, two or more metal and the nitride of one or both elements among Si and the Al in 4A family, 5A family, the 6A family metal, and wherein, above-mentioned 4A family is meant Ti, Zr, Hf, and 5A family is meant V, Nb, Ta, and 6A family is meant Cr, Mo, W; And
The lining recurve convexes into operation, and it is after carrying out above-mentioned overlay film formation operation, and formation is concavo-convex on above-mentioned overlay film through bead, surface roughness Ra is measured from any direction all be less than or equal to 0.50 μ m more than or equal to 0.10 μ m.
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| JP2007230125A JP2009061465A (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2007-09-05 | Metallic mold for cold forging and its manufacturing method |
| JP2007-230125 | 2007-09-05 | ||
| JP2007230125 | 2007-09-05 |
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| JP5351875B2 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-11-27 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Mold for plastic working, method for producing the same, and method for forging aluminum material |
| JP5717593B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2015-05-13 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Mold for molding gasket for prefilled syringe |
| JP6107821B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2017-04-05 | 新東工業株式会社 | Shot processing method |
| JP6055324B2 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2016-12-27 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Hard coating with excellent adhesion resistance to soft metals |
| TWI551372B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-10-01 | Forming Method of High Roundness Cold Forgings | |
| KR101530669B1 (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-06-22 | 희성정밀 주식회사 | A Manufacturing Method Of Piston For Swash-Plate Type Compressor |
| CN103898456B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏科技大学 | NbVN hard nanometer film and preparation method |
| CN106282939B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of mold coating and its preparation method and application |
| CN104939687B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2018-02-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of high abrasion cooker with biocompatibility and preparation method thereof |
| JP6806304B2 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2021-01-06 | 和田山精機株式会社 | Covered cold mold |
| WO2019167674A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-09-06 | 日立金属株式会社 | Covering member and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN112706004A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-27 | 浙江金固股份有限公司 | Method for processing die |
| CN112935161A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Method for forming large flat die forging |
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| CN1243549A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-02-02 | 大同特殊钢株式会社 | Stainless steel coated with intermetallic compound and process for producing same |
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