CN112935161A - Method for forming large flat die forging - Google Patents
Method for forming large flat die forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112935161A CN112935161A CN202110134501.9A CN202110134501A CN112935161A CN 112935161 A CN112935161 A CN 112935161A CN 202110134501 A CN202110134501 A CN 202110134501A CN 112935161 A CN112935161 A CN 112935161A
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- temperature
- forging
- die
- lubricating film
- resistant lubricating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of die forging and discloses a method for forming a large flat die forging. According to the structural characteristics of the large flat die forging, the covering of the flat blank is realized by using a paving and covering mode without using an adhesive, so that the heat loss is greatly reduced, the forging temperature is ensured, the operation is very simple and convenient, the long-time contact between workers and the high-temperature blank is avoided, the safety production coefficient is improved, and the forging speed is effectively improved. Compared with the traditional sheath material, the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is more convenient for positioning the blank in the die cavity, and can effectively improve the forging stability and the forging quality. The use of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is also beneficial to cleaning the die cavity of the die, redundant corner lubricating films are arranged in the die cavity, the air pipe is blown off, the die is small in abrasion, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of die forging, in particular to a method for forming a large flat die forging.
Background
The large flat die forging generally refers to a die forging with a length or width of more than 4000mm and a length-thickness ratio or width thickness of more than 20, taking a titanium alloy frame forging structure as an example, the titanium alloy frame forging structure is generally characterized by thin web ribs, the largest forging is, for example, 4200 × 1800 × 200mm in specification, the forging is generally formed by die forging by using a titanium alloy forging blank, but the thickness of the forging blank is generally about 140mm, the forging blank is clamped out from a heating furnace to a press for forging, the forging blank is taken out from the furnace and transferred, placed and forged in the middle process, and the forging is difficult to form due to the influences of conditions such as radiation heat transfer, contact heat transfer and the like during the process, so that the temperature of the titanium alloy forging blank is rapidly reduced, the deformation resistance is increased, and the forging is difficult to form.
For example, patent application with publication number CN106040928A discloses a hot sheathing process for hot forming of extra large titanium alloy zheng frame die forgings, which comprises preheating a blank, brushing protective lubricant, heating the blank to a forging temperature and preserving heat, wrapping sheathing materials on the outer surface of the titanium alloy blank by using an adhesive, re-placing the blank into an electric furnace after the hot sheathing is finished, heating to the forging temperature, and discharging and forging. The process adopts a hot covering process which is better than the traditional covering process, can prevent the surface temperature of the blank from dropping too fast in the transferring and production processes, ensures that the blank is at a higher initial forging temperature during die forging, is beneficial to the material flow of a forged piece, and can shorten the heating time to a certain extent and reduce the energy consumption. However, the operation difficulty of the hot sheathing is high, the forging stock still needs to be re-heated for heat preservation after the hot sheathing, and the sheathed forging stock is not easy to position in a die cavity, so that the stability of the product is influenced.
The applicant researches that most of heat loss of the forge piece is carried out through contact heat transfer, so that the cooling speed of the forge piece can be reduced to a large extent as long as the contact heat transfer is reduced as far as possible, and in view of the above, the patent application with the publication number of CN102092987A discloses a heat-insulating adhesive for forge piece die forging and a preparation method thereof. However, the method still has certain limitations, the heat preservation material is wrapped on the forged piece by using the adhesive, the wrapping operation needs a certain time, heat dissipation still exists in the process, the wrapping operation is performed under the condition that the forged piece is at a high temperature, and the operation difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for forming a large flat die forging, which reduces the operation difficulty and shortens the product manufacturing period on the premise of reducing heat loss and being beneficial to forging.
The invention discloses a method for forming a large flat die forging, which comprises the following steps:
a. designing and manufacturing a flat blank according to the appearance of the large flat die forging;
b. heating the flat blank to a forging temperature prior to die forging;
c. laying a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film capable of covering a mold cavity on a lower mold of a forging mold, and enabling the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film to be attached to the mold cavity of the lower mold, wherein the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is provided with a lubricating layer which is arranged upwards;
d. flatly placing the flat blank heated to the forging temperature on a lower die paved with a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film, and enabling a lubricating layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film to be in contact with the lower surface of the flat blank;
e. after the flat blank is placed, covering a layer of high-temperature-resistant lubricating film on the flat blank, wherein the lubricating layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is in contact with and attached to the upper surface of the flat blank, and the high-temperature-resistant lubricating films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flat blank completely cover the flat blank;
f. and the upper die is pressed downwards above the blank to perform die forging on the flat blank coated with the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film at the upper part and the lower part.
Preferably, the thickness of the high temperature resistant lubricating film is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film also has a graphite layer;
c, the graphite layer of the laid high-temperature-resistant lubricating film faces to the lower mold cavity and is in contact with the lower mold cavity;
and e, enabling the graphite layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film laid in the step e to face away from the flat blank, and contacting with the upper die cavity during die forging in the step f.
Preferably, the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film further comprises an aluminum foil layer and a fiber cloth layer, and the arrangement sequence of each layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is sequentially a graphite layer, the aluminum foil layer, the fiber cloth layer and a lubricating layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the graphite layer is 0.05-0.15 mm, the thickness of the aluminum foil layer is 0.02-0.1 mm, the thickness of the fiber cloth layer is 0.05-0.15 mm, and the thickness of the lubricating layer is 0.15-0.25 mm.
Preferably, before the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is laid on the lower die in the step d, the die is preheated, and then the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is laid.
Preferably, before the flat blank is heated in the step b, the flat blank is sprayed with the protective lubricant at room temperature, and the flat blank is heated after the protective lubricant is dried.
Preferably, a pre-forging step and a finish forging step are included, and the steps b, c, d, e and f are respectively carried out at each time of the pre-forging and the finish forging.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the structural characteristics of the large flat die forging, the covering of the flat blank is realized by using a paving and covering mode without using an adhesive, so that the heat loss is greatly reduced, the forging temperature is ensured, the operation is very simple and convenient, the long-time contact between workers and the high-temperature blank is avoided, the safety production coefficient is improved, and the forging speed is effectively improved.
(2) Compared with the traditional sheath material, the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is more convenient for positioning the blank in the die cavity, and can effectively improve the forging stability and the forging quality.
(3) The use of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is also beneficial to cleaning the die cavity of the die, redundant corner lubricating films are arranged in the die cavity, the air pipe is blown off, the die is small in abrasion, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
The invention discloses a method for forming a large flat die forging, which comprises the following steps:
a. designing and manufacturing a flat blank according to the appearance of the large flat die forging;
b. heating the flat blank to a forging temperature prior to die forging;
c. laying a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film capable of covering a mold cavity on a lower mold of a forging mold, and enabling the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film to be attached to the mold cavity of the lower mold, wherein the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is provided with a lubricating layer which is arranged upwards;
d. flatly placing the flat blank heated to the forging temperature on a lower die paved with a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film, and enabling a lubricating layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film to be in contact with the lower surface of the flat blank;
e. after the flat blank is placed, covering a layer of high-temperature-resistant lubricating film on the flat blank, wherein the lubricating layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is in contact with and attached to the upper surface of the flat blank, and the high-temperature-resistant lubricating films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flat blank completely cover the flat blank;
f. and the upper die is pressed downwards above the blank to perform die forging on the flat blank coated with the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film at the upper part and the lower part.
First, the above-mentioned numbering of the steps does not limit the order, for example, the step c and the step b are performed simultaneously, and the actual operation order has been described in the text of each step.
In order to ensure the reasonability and the deformation uniformity of the streamline in the forming process of the titanium alloy frame die forging, forging is usually carried out through two stages of pre-forging and finish forging, but in few cases, one-step forming forging is also possible. For example, a titanium alloy frame type die forging typically includes 1 to 3 different preforgings and 1 finish forging. The method for forming the large flat die forging piece can be adopted no matter pre-forging, finish forging or one-step forming forging,
and a, determining the shape and the specification of the blank in a numerical simulation mode according to the specification and the shape of the large flat die forging. And determining the blank as a flat blank based on the fact that the forging is a large flat piece and the subsequent paving and covering of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film. If a two-step forging mode of pre-forging and finish forging is adopted, the shape specification of a pre-forging piece needs to be determined firstly, and then the shape specification of an original blank is determined according to the shape specification of the pre-forging piece. In order to facilitate the subsequent paving and covering of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film, both the pre-forged piece and the original blank need to be designed into a flat structure, namely the flat blank. For example, a titanium alloy frame type die forging is used, and the shape of a titanium alloy flat blank is generally square or rectangular.
And c, as shown in the step b, heating the flat blank before forging, wherein the heating parameters are set according to the process requirements, and the heating can be performed by adopting a gas furnace, an electric furnace and other equipment. In order to prevent the oxidation of the billet during the heating process, it is preferable that the protective lubricant is sprayed on the flat billet at room temperature before the flat billet is heated, and the heating is performed after the protective lubricant is dried. The protective lubricant can be the existing Ti-5 glass lubricant and can play the roles of protection and lubrication.
c. d, e step is the key to prevent heat loss, different from the existing wrapping material such as heat-insulating cotton, etc., the invention has adopted the high-temperature resistant lubricant film as the heat-insulating material, the thickness is far lower than the existing wrapping material, can guarantee the location of the flat blank in the die cavity under the situation of considering the heat preservation, guarantee the stability of forging, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the said high-temperature resistant lubricant film is less than or equal to 0.5mm, in order to further strengthen this effect. In the prior art, no matter the hot sleeve in the heating process or the sleeve after heating, the sleeve material is bonded on the surface of the heated blank by adopting an adhesive, usually, the adhesive with a lubricating effect is needed, but in the embodiment, a lubricating layer without adopting a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film does not need to have the bonding effect, the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film can be directly attached to the die cavity of the lower die and the surface of the flat blank respectively during laying, so that the uniform and good lubricating effect of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film on the surface of the forging can be ensured, and the efficiency and the safety can be greatly improved by the covering and covering mode.
In order to further reduce the heat transfer between the heated flat blank and the die, the die is preheated before the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is laid on the lower die in the step d, and then the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is laid. In addition, graphite lubricant can be sprayed in the die cavity to reduce the friction force borne by the die and reduce the die loss, namely the service life of the die is prolonged. However, the graphite lubricant spraying of the preheated mold cavity is still a dangerous operation, and problems such as uneven spraying and sticking of films also occur. To this end, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the high temperature resistant lubricating film further has a graphite layer; c, the graphite layer of the laid high-temperature-resistant lubricating film faces to the lower mold cavity and is in contact with the lower mold cavity; and e, enabling the graphite layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film laid in the step e to face away from the flat blank, and contacting with the upper die cavity during die forging in the step f. The graphite layer can also provide protection for the die cavity, the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is manufactured in advance, and the graphite layer only needs to be arranged and covered in the die direction to play a role, so that the probability of long-time contact between a worker and the die can be avoided, the safety production coefficient is improved, and the problems of uneven spraying, mucosa and the like are avoided.
Only the graphite layer and the lubricating layer are generally not easy to be processed into a film, so the high-temperature resistant lubricating film generally needs to be provided with a bearing substrate for coating the graphite layer and the lubricating layer to form a film-shaped structure convenient for taking and use, the bearing substrate generally adopts fibers, polymers and other materials with high-temperature resistant and heat preservation effects, and in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature resistant lubricating film further comprises an aluminum foil layer and a fiber cloth layer, and the arrangement sequence of each layer of the high-temperature resistant lubricating film is sequentially the graphite layer, the aluminum foil layer, the fiber cloth layer and the lubricating layer. The lubricating layer reduces the friction coefficient between the lubricating layer and the forging piece, the load required by the forming of the forging piece can be reduced, the fiber cloth layer can provide a better attachment foundation, and the graphite layer is combined with the aluminum foil layer to form the contact relation between the die cavity and the graphite-aluminum foil, so that the effect of reducing the friction coefficient by the graphite is further improved. The thickness of the graphite layer is preferably 0.05-0.15 mm, the thickness of the aluminum foil layer is preferably 0.02-0.1 mm, the thickness of the fiber cloth layer is preferably 0.05-0.15 mm, and the thickness of the lubricating layer is preferably 0.15-0.25 mm.
E, performing formal forging after the flat blank is quickly coated by a paving and covering mode, wherein the upper die and the lower die are usually installed on a press after being preheated, and a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is laid on the press, or the upper die and the lower die can be placed on the press after the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film of the lower die is laid, but the operation of the former is more convenient. The forging can be realized by pressing the press according to preset parameters. Most of the die forging requires at least one pre-forging and at least one finish forging, and the steps b, c, d, e and f are performed for each of the pre-forging and the finish forging.
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention.
The profile of the titanium alloy forging in the example is 4120 multiplied by 1710 multiplied by 200mm, wherein the web plate thickness is 30mm, the rib width is 25mm, and the net projection area of the forging is 2.08m2。
The forging forming process in the embodiment mainly comprises plate blank, preforging and finish forging, and the specific forging process is as follows:
step 1, determining the shape of a pre-forging piece by a numerical simulation method, and determining the specification of a titanium alloy forging stock to be 3900X 1000X 140mm according to the shape of the pre-forging piece.
And 2, combining the numerical simulation result and the control requirement of the deformation of the titanium alloy, pre-forging for 3 times, and finally forging for 1 time.
And step 3, preheating the pre-forging die to 350 ℃.
And 4, uniformly spraying a Ti-5 glass lubricant on the surface of the forging stock at room temperature, and heating in an electric furnace after the lubricant is dried.
And 5, mounting the pre-forging die on a press after the pre-forging die is preheated.
And 6, after the pre-forging die is prepared, laying a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film with the length of 4200mm and the width of 1800mm in the lower die cavity, wherein the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is formed by combining graphite paper with the thickness of about 0.1mm, aluminum foil with the thickness of about 0.05mm, fiber cloth with the thickness of about 0.1mm and a lubricating film with the thickness of about 0.2mm in sequence, and the whole die cavity and a burr area of the die are covered during laying to avoid forming a mucosa.
And 7, contacting one side of the black graphite paper with a mold cavity, and contacting one side of the white lubricating film with the forge piece.
And 8, clamping the preheated forging stock out of the electric furnace by using an operating machine, and then directly placing the forging stock on the lower die paved with the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film.
And 9, after the forging stock is placed in the lower mold cavity, covering a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film with the length of 4200mm and the width of 1800mm on the upper surface of the forging stock.
And step 10, the press runs at a set pressing speed to perform pre-forging first fire.
And 11, after the first fire of the preforging is finished, removing part of the connecting skin and performing second fire preforging by combining a finite element simulation result. Repeating the steps of steps 3 to 10 to develop the pre-forging second fire.
And step 12, after the second fire of the preforging is finished, removing part of the connecting skin and performing third fire preforging by combining finite element simulation results. Repeating the steps of steps 3 to 10 to develop the preforging third fire.
And step 13, after the third pre-forging fire is finished, removing part of connecting skins to carry out final forging by combining finite element simulation results. Repeating the steps 3 to 10.
Claims (8)
1. The method for forming the large flat die forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. designing and manufacturing a flat blank according to the appearance of the large flat die forging;
b. heating the flat blank to a forging temperature prior to die forging;
c. laying a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film capable of covering a mold cavity on a lower mold of a forging mold, and enabling the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film to be attached to the mold cavity of the lower mold, wherein the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is provided with a lubricating layer which is arranged upwards;
d. flatly placing the flat blank heated to the forging temperature on a lower die paved with a high-temperature-resistant lubricating film, and enabling a lubricating layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film to be in contact with the lower surface of the flat blank;
e. after the flat blank is placed, covering a layer of high-temperature-resistant lubricating film on the flat blank, wherein the lubricating layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is in contact with and attached to the upper surface of the flat blank, and the high-temperature-resistant lubricating films on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flat blank completely cover the flat blank;
f. and the upper die is pressed downwards above the blank to perform die forging on the flat blank coated with the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film at the upper part and the lower part.
2. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
3. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is also provided with a graphite layer;
c, the graphite layer of the laid high-temperature-resistant lubricating film faces to the lower mold cavity and is in contact with the lower mold cavity;
and e, enabling the graphite layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film laid in the step e to face away from the flat blank, and contacting with the upper die cavity during die forging in the step f.
4. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to claim 3, wherein: the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is also provided with an aluminum foil layer and a fiber cloth layer, and the arrangement sequence of each layer of the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is a graphite layer, the aluminum foil layer, the fiber cloth layer and a lubricating layer in sequence.
5. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to claim 4, wherein: the thickness of graphite layer is 0.05 ~ 0.15mm, and the thickness of aluminium foil layer is 0.02 ~ 0.1mm, and the thickness of fibre cloth layer is 0.05 ~ 0.15mm, and the thickness of lubricant film layer is 0.15 ~ 0.25 mm.
6. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: and d, before the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film is laid on the lower die in the step d, preheating the die, and then laying the high-temperature-resistant lubricating film.
7. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to claim 1, wherein: and b, before heating the flat blank, spraying a protective lubricant on the flat blank at room temperature, and heating after the protective lubricant is dried.
8. The method for forming a large flat die forging according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises a pre-forging step and a finish forging step, wherein the steps b, c, d, e and f are respectively carried out during each pre-forging step and each finish forging step.
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| CN202110134501.9A CN112935161A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for forming large flat die forging |
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| CN202110134501.9A CN112935161A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for forming large flat die forging |
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| CN113878074A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-01-04 | 四川工程职业技术学院 | Heat-insulating lubricating composite material for hot die forging of high-strength titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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