CN101374685A - 用于控制汽车传动系的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制汽车传动系的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101374685A
CN101374685A CNA2007800035935A CN200780003593A CN101374685A CN 101374685 A CN101374685 A CN 101374685A CN A2007800035935 A CNA2007800035935 A CN A2007800035935A CN 200780003593 A CN200780003593 A CN 200780003593A CN 101374685 A CN101374685 A CN 101374685A
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China
Prior art keywords
clutch
lock
motor
combustion engine
change
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CNA2007800035935A
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English (en)
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斯蒂凡·沃尔纳
诺特科·阿曼
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN101374685A publication Critical patent/CN101374685A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制汽车传动系的方法，该传动系包括内燃机(2)、电机(3)和变速器(4)，它们通过一个具有两个输入元件(6、7)和一个输出元件(8)的累加传动机构(5、15)以及通过一个作为摩擦离合器构成的锁止离合器(12)相互连接，其中第一输入元件与内燃机(2)的曲轴(9)抗扭连接、第二输入元件与电机(3)的转子(10)抗扭连接以及输出元件(8)与变速器(4)的输入轴(11)抗扭连接，以及其中锁止离合器(12)设置在累加传动机构(5、15)的两个元件之间，其中，在打开锁止离合器(12)时，内燃机(2)与变速器(4)的输入轴(11)之间存在的转速差借助电机(3)和需要时附加通过调节闭合锁止离合器(12)而同步。为改善同步过程，在通过闭合锁止离合器(12)而辅助电机(3)之前，使锁止离合器(12)在同步开始时处于其施加点上。

Description

用于控制汽车传动系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制汽车传动系的方法，该传动系包括内燃机、电机和变速器，它们通过一个累加传动机构与两个输入元件和一个输出元件连接以及通过一个作为摩擦离合器构成的锁止离合器相互连接，其中，第一输入元件与内燃机的曲轴、第二输入元件与电机的转子以及输出元件与变速器的输入轴抗扭连接，以及其中锁止离合器设置在累加传动机构的两个元件之间，其中，在打开锁止离合器时，内燃机与变速器的输入轴之间存在的转速差借助电机和需要时附加通过调节闭合锁止离合器而同步。
背景技术
上述类型的汽车传动系由DE 199 34 696 A1和DE 101 52 471 A1有所公开。在所公开的这种传动系上，累加传动机构各自作为普通的行星齿轮箱构成，具有一个太阳轮、一个带多个行星齿轮和一个内齿圈的行星齿轮架。内齿圈形成第一输入元件并与内燃机的曲轴抗扭连接。太阳轮形成第二输入元件并与电机的转子抗扭连接。行星齿轮架形成输出元件并与变速器的输入轴抗扭连接。锁止离合器各自设置在行星齿轮箱的太阳轮与行星齿轮架之间。
在按照DE 199 34 696 A1的传动系中，锁止离合器与存在前提条件作为牙嵌离合器的构成相反，从而锁止离合器只能在内燃机和变速器的输入轴同步运行的情况下闭合并因此只能有限使用。为可以使汽车仅利用电机驱动，曲轴与外壳件之间设置一个方向空程，由此防止曲轴倒转并因此电机的传动矩向外壳支承。为可以在汽车停车时利用电机启动内燃机，在变速器的输入轴与外壳件之间设置另一个方向空程，由此防止输入轴倒转并因此电机的传动矩向外壳支承。
在按照DE 101 52 471 A1的传动系中，锁止离合器如作为本发明前提条件那样作为摩擦离合器构成，从而锁止离合器在变速器的输入轴与内燃机之间的转速差情况下，在滑动运行中也可以用于传递转矩。为可以在汽车停车时和怠速下换挡的变速器利用电机脉冲启动内燃机，在变速器的输入轴与外壳件之间设置另一个摩擦离合器，由此输入轴在达到电机的启动转速后为启动内燃机可以制动。
下面在本发明的说明书中无保护范围的限制举例从传动系尽可能相同的结构出发，其中，前提条件是锁止离合器作为摩擦离合器，特别是作为湿式片式离合器，但也可以选择作为干式离合器构成。作为对所公开的设置的限制，锁止离合器也可以设置在内齿圈与太阳轮之间，也就是内燃机的曲轴与电机的转子之间。
在正常行驶时，锁止离合器完全闭合，从而行星齿轮箱锁闭并固定旋转。在这种运行状态下，内燃机、电机和变速器的输入轴的转速和转向相同。电机在这种状态下主要作为用于车载电源供电的发电机工作，但在确定的工作情景下，特别是在汽车的加速阶段也可以主要作为电动机工作。
在这种传动系上，在确定的工作情景下，例如像在启动过程中和锁止离合器打开的换挡过程后，累加传动机构上出现转速差，其随后必须得到补偿，也就是同步，以便可以使锁止离合器尽可能无打滑和无磨损地重新闭合。变速器的输入轴与内燃机以及因此在锁止离合器上作用的转速差Δn_K之间由此产生的转速差Δn＝n_GE-n_VM的同步，通常在完全打开锁止离合器下借助电机进行，其中由该电机在负转速差(Δn<0)时产生在内燃机的曲轴和变速器的输入轴的转向上作用的正转矩M_EM>0，并在正转速差(Δn>0)时产生与内燃机的曲轴和变速器的输入轴的转向相反作用的负转矩M_EM<0。
如果电机例如设计造成或者由于汽车蓄电池放电而不能产生为此所需的转矩，那么同步可以通过调节闭合锁止离合器进行辅助。但在这种情况下不利的是滞后和随后的嘬车，因为锁止离合器在传递转矩并因此可以延续同步之前，必须首先从完全打开状态处于施加点上。
另一方面，锁止离合器尽可能长时间地完全打开，以避免在与不希望的牵引力矩和热问题相关的较长的滑动阶段。
发明内容
在这种背景下本发明的目的在于，提供一种方法，利用该方法在开头所称类型的传动系上可以改善同步的过程。这种方法也可以在包括同类型的部件但以其他传递连接组合的传动系上使用。
该目的通过主权利要求的特征得以实现。具有优点的进一步构成参见从属权利要求。
本发明因此从一种用于控制汽车传动系的方法出发，该传动系包括内燃机、电机和变速器，它们通过一个具有两个输入元件和一个输出元件的累加传动机构以及通过一个作为摩擦离合器构成的锁止离合器相互连接，其中，第一输入元件与内燃机的曲轴抗扭连接、第二输入元件与电机的转子抗扭连接以及输出元件与变速器的输入轴抗扭连接，以及其中锁止离合器设置在累加传动机构的两个部件之间，其中，在打开锁止离合器时，内燃机与变速器的输入轴之间存在的转速差借助电机和需要时附加通过调节闭合锁止离合器而同步。
在这种上下文中需要指出的是，概念“变速器”是指所有类型的变速器，其具有输出轴转速“零”的典型中间位置，也就是基本不通过变速器内部的转速累加产生具有数值“零”的输出轴转速。概念“变速器”因此包括例如手动变速器、自动变速器、行星齿轮自动变速器和无级变速器。
依据本发明，在刚刚介绍的方法中，在通过闭合锁止离合器而辅助电机之前，使锁止离合器在同步开始时处于其施加点上。
通过提前施加锁止离合器的摩擦件，使该锁止离合器处于工作准备阶段并可以毫不延迟地为辅助电机而闭合。由此消除平时通过在施加点上启动造成的时间上的滞后和与此相关的转矩短时中断，其表现为令人不适的传动不畅。
但在此方面不利的是，通过施加锁止离合器造成的牵引力矩和通过摩擦滑动造成的热形成。因此具有优点的是，同步开始时检查电机的最大转矩M_EM_max和汽车蓄电池的充电状态是否足够用于同步，以及锁止离合器仅在负的检查结果时，也就是电机的可供使用的转矩M_EM不够时，才处于施加点上。
为此，在同步开始时测定变速器输入轴上所需的转矩M_GE_soll并取决于结果控制锁止离合器，其中，a)如果所需的转矩M_GE_soll等于或者接近零，则锁止离合器完全打开；b)如果所需的转矩M_GE_soll大于零并可以完全由电机产生，则锁止离合器保持完全打开；以及c)如果所需的转矩M_GE_soll大于零，但不能完全由电机产生，则锁止离合器处于施加点上。
附图说明
现借助附图的实施例对本发明进行说明。其中：
图1示出依据本发明用于同步转速差的应用例的组合转速和转矩曲线图；
图2示出用于同步转速差公知应用例的组合转速和转矩曲线图；
图3示出传动系通用结构的简化示意图；以及
图4示出图3优选实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
图3的传动系1包括内燃机2、电机3和变速器4，它们通过一个具有两个输入元件6、7和一个输出元件8的累加传动机构5相互连接。第一输入元件6与内燃机2的曲轴9抗扭连接、第二输入元件7与电机3的转子10抗扭连接以及输出元件8与变速器4的输入轴11抗扭连接。作为摩擦离合器构成的锁止离合器12设置在累加传动机构5的两个元件之间，现在设置在两个输入元件6、7之间。内燃机2、电机3和锁止离合器12通过传感器和控制线路13与控制装置14连接，通过该控制装置可以协调控制传动系1的部件。
图4示出传动系1的一种优选实施方式。在该传动系1中，累加传动机构5作为简单的行星齿轮箱15构成，具有一个太阳轮16、一个带有多个行星齿轮18的行星齿轮架17和一个内齿圈19。内齿圈19形成第一输入元件6并通过一个飞轮20和一个旋转振动减振器21与内燃机2的曲轴9连接。太阳轮16形成第二输入元件7并与电机3的转子10直接连接。行星齿轮架17形成输出元件8并与作为自动变速器构成的变速器4的输入轴11直接连接。设置在输入轴11与外壳件22之间的方向空程23用于在通过电机3启动内燃机2时支承输入轴11。变速器4以中间轴结构构成并总计具有六个前进挡以及一个倒挡，它们可以各自通过异步的牙嵌离合器有选择地切换。锁止离合器12设置在电机3的转子10与连接轴24之间，内燃机2通过该连接轴与内齿圈19连接。
在这种传动系1上，锁止离合器12可以完全闭合之前，在打开锁止离合器12时变速器4地输入轴11与内燃机2之间启动过程中或者换挡过程之后出现的转速差Δn＝n_GE-n_VM必须同步。
图2中对于传动系1相应于传统的控制过程示出这种同步过程，该传动系具有一个依据图4的作为行星齿轮箱15构成的累加传动机构5。利用同步将变速器4输入轴11的转速n_GE加速到内燃机2的转速n_VM，该同步首先仅借助电机3进行，也就是通过电机3转矩M_EM的作用进行。在时间点t＝t1，在达到同步转速(n_GE＝n_VM)之前，电机3达到其最大可能转矩M_EM。
为继续进行同步，因此将锁止离合器12调节闭合并利用由此产生的转矩M_K在时间点t＝t2上达到同步过程(n_GE＝n_VM)。但因为在时间点t＝t1锁止离合器12仍完全打开并且其摩擦元件在转矩M_K可以被传递之前必须首先接触，所以一直到锁止离合器12吸合动作出现时间上的滞后Δt＝t1′-t1，其导致相对于希望的持续的额定转矩分布M_GE_soll暂时转速中断。
图1示出按照依据本发明的控制过程相应的同步。同步首先同样仅借助电机3进行，直至其在时间点t＝t1上达到其最大可能的转矩M_EM。但现在锁止离合器12在同步开始时就已经处于其施加点上，由此搭接离合器内部的空行程并进行压力室的预加注。因此在时间点t＝t1主动提供锁止离合器12的转矩M_k，由此避免如图2例子中时间上的滞后Δt或转矩中断。
为可对图1和图2转矩分布中的转矩M_GE、M_EM和M_K进行比较，电机3的转矩M_EM和锁止离合器12的转矩M_K在那里分别降低到变速器的输入轴11，也就是与各自有效的传动比i_EM/GE＝(1-i0)或i_K/GE＝(1-i0)相乘。
与图3和4所示的实施例无关，本发明也包括该方法在内燃机2、电机3、累加传动机构5、离合器12与这里未单独示出的变速器4之间具有其他任何可能和不同传动连接的传动系上使用。
附图标记
1  传动系
2  内燃机
3  电机
4  变速器，自动变速器
5  累加传动机构
6  (第一)输入元件
7  (第二)输入元件
8  输出元件
9  曲轴
10 转子
11 输入轴
12 锁止离合器
13 传感器和控制线路
14 控制装置
15 行星齿轮箱
16 太阳轮
17 行星齿轮架
18 行星齿轮
19 内齿圈
20 飞轮
21 旋转振动减振器
22 外壳件
23 方向空程
24 连接轴
i         传动比
i_EM/GE   3与2之间的传动比
i_K/GE    3与2之间的传动比
i0           固定传动比
M            转矩
M_EM         3的转矩
M_EM_max     3的最大转矩
M_GE         11的转矩
M_GE_soll    11的额定转矩
M_K          12的转矩
n_GE         11的转速
n_VM         2的转速
t            时间
t0           时间点
t1           时间点
t1′         时间点
t2           时间点
Δn          11与12之间的转速差
Δn_K        12上的转速差
Δt          时间间隔

Claims (3)

1.用于控制汽车传动系的方法，该传动系包括内燃机(2)、电机(3)和变速器(4)，它们通过一个具有两个输入元件(6、7)和一个输出元件(8)的累加传动机构(5、15)以及通过一个作为摩擦离合器构成的锁止离合器(12)相互连接，其中第一输入元件与内燃机(2)的曲轴(9)抗扭连接、第二输入元件与电机(3)的转子(10)抗扭连接以及输出元件(8)与变速器(4)的输入轴(11)抗扭连接，以及其中锁止离合器(12)设置在累加传动机构(5、15)的两个元件之间，其中，在锁止离合器(12)打开时，内燃机(2)与变速器(4)的输入轴(11)之间存在的转速差借助电机(3)和需要时附加通过调节闭合锁止离合器(12)而同步，其特征在于，在通过闭合锁止离合器(12)而辅助电机(3)之前，使锁止离合器(12)在同步开始时处于其施加点上。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其中，同步开始时检查电机(3)的最大转矩(M_EM_max)和汽车蓄电池的充电状态是否足够用于同步，以及仅在负的检查结果时才令锁止离合器(12)处于施加点上。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其中，同步开始时测定变速器(4)的输入轴(11)上所需的转矩(M_GE_soll)并取决于结果控制锁止离合器(12)，其中
a)如果所需的转矩(M_GE_soll)等于或者接近零，则锁止离合器(12)完全打开，
b)如果所需的转矩(M_GE_soll)大于零并可以完全由电机(3)产生，则锁止离合器(12)保持完全打开，
c)如果所需的转矩(M_GE_soll)大于零，但不能完全由电机(3)产生，则令锁止离合器(12)处于施加点上。
CNA2007800035935A 2006-01-26 2007-01-16 用于控制汽车传动系的方法 Pending CN101374685A (zh)

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