CN101340995A - 夹紧装置 - Google Patents

夹紧装置 Download PDF

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CN101340995A
CN101340995A CNA2006800480233A CN200680048023A CN101340995A CN 101340995 A CN101340995 A CN 101340995A CN A2006800480233 A CNA2006800480233 A CN A2006800480233A CN 200680048023 A CN200680048023 A CN 200680048023A CN 101340995 A CN101340995 A CN 101340995A
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clamping
described clamping
chock
slot
clamping device
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托马斯·雷茨巴赫
迈克尔·哈格
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Schunk GmbH and Co KG
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Schunk GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/09—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping due to axial loading of at least one pair of conical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/117—Retention by friction only, e.g. using springs, resilient sleeves, tapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
    • F16B2/14—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening using wedges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/0829—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D1/101—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially without axial retaining means rotating with the coupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17128—Self-grasping
    • Y10T279/17171—One-way-clutch type
    • Y10T279/17179—Wedge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17291—Resilient split socket
    • Y10T279/17316—Unitary
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17411—Spring biased jaws
    • Y10T279/17418—Unitary
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17411—Spring biased jaws
    • Y10T279/17487—Moving-cam actuator
    • Y10T279/17521—Reciprocating cam sleeve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17957—Friction grip
    • Y10T279/17965—Drill type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种夹紧装置，其带有基体(2)，该基体拥有用于待夹紧的零件或刀具的中心插口(5)，其中，在基体(2)中构成有至少一个夹紧槽(6)，其朝基体(2)的端面敞开，所述夹紧装置还具有至少一个夹紧楔子(9b)，其在位于夹紧槽(6)和插口之间的内壁节段(7)径向变形的情况下，可从夹紧槽的敞开的端面轴向压入到夹紧槽(6)中，其特征在于，壁板(10)，其从外面限定了夹紧槽(6)，至少在一段轴向的部分节段上这样弹性构成，使得当此至少一个夹紧楔子(9b)压入到夹紧槽(6)中时，此壁板弹性朝外变形。

Description

夹紧装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种夹紧装置，其带有基体，基体拥有一个用于待夹紧的零件或刀具的中心插口，其中，在基体上构成有至少一个夹紧槽，其朝基体的端面敞开，所述夹紧装置还具有至少一个夹紧楔子，其在位于夹紧槽和插口之间的内壁节段径向变形的情况下，可从夹紧槽的敞开的端面上轴向压入到夹紧槽中。
背景技术
这种夹紧装置由DE 19961563C1已知，且示例性地应用在实践中，用来把刀具杆如钻头杆或铣刀杆固定在相应的机床的工作主轴上。已知的夹紧装置具有由形状稳固的材料构成的基体，在其中构成有用于待夹紧的零件的中心插口。中心插口由环形槽围绕，其中，留在环形槽和插口之间的内壁板构成薄壁的夹紧套筒。此外，已知的夹紧装置还具有楔形环作为夹紧工具，其具有环状体和多个夹紧舌，所述夹紧舌在环形体上在周向上均匀持距地设置，并基本轴向地伸出。夹紧舌具有朝它的自由端部楔形逐渐变细的横截面，并在夹紧套筒径向变形的情况下，轴向压入到环形槽中，用来把零件固定在插口中。
此外，从实践中还已知类似的夹紧装置，其中环形槽不是连续地构成，而是分成三个单个的腔室，它们通过壁板节段彼此限定。分成单个腔室的优点是，夹紧舌可由位于腔室之间的壁板节段定位。
已知的夹紧装置已在实践中得以充分证实。但可能出现以下的问题，即在转速非常高时，由于出现的离心力插口可能会扩张，从而不再能给刀具可靠的夹紧。
发明内容
因此本发明的任务是，使前面所述类型的夹紧装置这样构成，使得在转速很高时也可以确保零件的可靠夹紧。
本发明的任务按本发明这样得以实现，使得从外面限定夹紧槽的壁板，至少在一段轴向的部分节段上这样弹性构成，使得当至少一个夹紧楔子压入到夹紧槽中时，此壁板弹性地朝外变形。
因此本发明是基于这样的考虑：外壁板，其从外面限定一个或多个夹紧槽，不是像现有技术那样形状稳固地构成，而是弹性地构成，因此它在压入夹紧楔子时朝外变形。结果，夹紧楔子由于外壁板的弹性恢复力总是向内压，从而抵抗由于在运行中出现的离心力而使插口扩张，因此即使在转速非常高的情况下也能确保可靠的夹紧。如果例如夹紧直径约为3mm的夹紧装置在运行中以约400000转/分钟转动，则夹紧直径由于出现的离心力会径向扩张约2μm。为了抵抗这种扩张，从外面限定夹紧槽的壁板以可预先规定的系数扩张。已被证明有效的是，如果此径向扩张是在4μm至15μm的范围内，且特别在约10μm的范围内时，因此夹紧力的至少大部分在运行中仍可以保持。
夹紧槽以已知的方式构成为围绕插口的环形槽。可替代的是，在基体上构成有多个夹紧槽，其均匀分布地设置在插口周围。在这种情况下符合目的的是，夹紧槽在其周向上观察的中间区域内，通过在位于夹紧槽和插口之间的内壁上的狭窄切口与插口相连。以这种方式构成各个单个的内壁节段，其可以以更少的消耗弹性变形，并因此还可额外用于实现相对大的夹紧行程。实验表明，在3mm的夹紧直径下、在空夹载的情况下，可实现约15μm的径向夹紧行程，也就是说，插口的直径可缩小约30μm。在具有闭合夹紧套筒的已知夹紧装置中，可达到的径向夹紧行程约在3至4μm的范围内。
夹紧槽的轮廓以已知的方式与夹紧楔子的轮廓相匹配，因此夹紧楔子定位在夹紧槽中。
附图说明
关于本发明的其它有利构造，请参照从属权利要求和下面对于附图的实施例的描述。附图中示出：
图1按本发明的夹紧装置的实施例的纵向剖视图；
图2图1中的夹紧装置的前视图；
图3图1中的夹紧装置的基体的纵向剖视图；
图4图3中的基体的前视图；
图5图1中夹紧装置的楔形环的透视图；
图6图5的楔形环的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出了按本发明的夹紧装置1的实施例。夹紧装置1包括基体2，其具有形状稳固的固定凸缘3，基体借助它例如可固定在加工机床的工作主轴上。此外，基体2还具有一个从凸缘3朝该附图左边的伸出的连接杆4，并配备有中心的、轴向穿过基体2延伸的插口5，刀具、例如钻头或铣刀的圆柱形杆可推入到此插口中。在连接杆4中总共构成有三个夹紧槽6，其在周向上看是均匀分布地设置在插口5的周围。夹紧槽6环形节段状地构成，且与插口5同心地设置。夹紧槽6，其轴向长度大致与所需的夹紧范围相应，被相对薄、且因而可弹性变形的内带节段7朝向插口5地来限定，其中，此内壁节段7在周向上看，在夹紧槽6的中间通过狭窄的切口8断开。
如同特别在图1中可看到的一样，夹紧槽6具有大约成楔形的横截面，其这样构成，即夹紧槽6的外壁板从连接杆4的自由端部中出发，逐渐变成圆锥形，而夹紧槽6的内壁板呈圆柱形。
为把刀具杆或类似物体固定在插口5中，设置有楔形环9，其具有环形体9a和三个夹紧舌9b，其在周向上均匀地、彼此持距地设置在环形体9a上，并基本垂直地在轴向上延伸。夹紧舌9b朝它的自由端部逐渐变成楔形，其中，其内壁板位于圆柱面上，其直径大致与夹紧槽6的内直径相应，而外壁板与夹紧槽6的外壁板相应地，位于朝夹紧舌自由端部逐渐变细的圆锥面上。楔形环9的夹紧舌9b可从连接杆4的端面驱动到基体2的夹紧槽6中，因此薄的内壁节段7在夹紧槽6的内侧上径向朝内变形，从而把装在插口5中的刀具杆或类似物体固定住。
按本发明，与夹紧槽6和插口5之间的弹性内壁节段相比，基体2的外壁板10在连接杆4的范围内虽然厚壁地构成，但总是具有这样的弹性，使得当楔形环9的夹紧舌9b压入到夹紧槽6中时，该外壁板10弹性地朝外变形。因此在运行中，径向朝内的恢复力从壁板10作用到夹紧舌9b上，且避免基体2由于在运行中出现的高离心力而扩张。结果，由于连接杆4的壁板的弹性变形，既使在高转速时也可确保可靠的夹紧。

Claims (9)

1.夹紧装置，其带有基体(2)，所述基体具有用于待夹紧的零件或刀具的中心插口(5)，其中，在所述基体(2)中构成有至少一个夹紧槽(6)，其朝所述基体(2)的端面敞开，且所述夹紧装置还具有至少一个夹紧楔子(9b)，其在位于所述夹紧槽(6)和所述插口之间的内壁节段(7)径向变形的情况下，可从所述夹紧槽的敞开的端面轴向压入到所述夹紧槽(6)中，其特征在于，从外面限定夹紧槽(6)的壁板(10)，至少在一段轴向的部分节段上这样弹性构成，使得当所述至少一个夹紧楔子(9b)压入到所述夹紧槽(6)中时，所述壁板弹性朝外变形。
2.按权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧槽构成为围绕所述插口的环形槽。
3.按权利要求1所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，在所述基体(2)中构成有多个夹紧槽(6)，其均匀分布地设置在插口(5)周围。
4.按权利要求3所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧槽(6)在其周向上观察的中间区域内，通过在所述内壁(7)上的狭窄切口(8)与所述插口(5)相连。
5.按权利要求3或4所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧槽(6)的轮廓与所述夹紧楔子(9b)的轮廓相匹配，因此所述夹紧楔子(9b)可定位在所述夹紧槽(6)中。
6.按上述权利要求之一所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，多个夹紧楔子(9b)在周向上均匀持距地设置在环形体(9a)上，并从所述环形体基本轴向地伸出。
7.按权利要求6所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，总共三个夹紧楔子(9b)均匀持距地设置在环形体(9a)上。
8.按权利要求6或7所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧楔子(9b)的外壁板位于朝夹紧楔子自由端部逐渐变细的圆锥面上。
9.按权利要求8所述的夹紧装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧槽(6)的外壁板与所述夹紧楔子(9b)的外壁板是基本互补的，并相应地在所述夹紧楔子(9b)的压入方向上圆锥形逐渐变细地构成。
CNA2006800480233A 2005-12-19 2006-11-04 夹紧装置 Pending CN101340995A (zh)

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DE102005061012.9 2005-12-19
DE102005061012A DE102005061012B4 (de) 2005-12-19 2005-12-19 Spanneinrichtung

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US (1) US8118311B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1963040B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2009519838A (zh)
KR (1) KR20080087826A (zh)
CN (1) CN101340995A (zh)
DE (1) DE102005061012B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2007073796A1 (zh)

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CN103046211A (zh) * 2012-12-18 2013-04-17 苏州展华纺织有限公司 一种织布机经线对位停止装置
CN104641215A (zh) * 2012-09-20 2015-05-20 热电子(卡尔斯鲁厄)有限公司 带有在传动轴与测量部件杆之间的联接器的流变测量仪
CN107848045A (zh) * 2015-05-30 2018-03-27 布勒特耶自动控制设备有限责任公司 刀具夹紧系统
CN111590798A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-28 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种帽型长桁芯模拔模夹持装置
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CN114290095A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-08 枣庄北航机床创新研究院有限公司 一种双轴叶片柔性夹具及夹持方法

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CN111590798A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-28 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种帽型长桁芯模拔模夹持装置
CN111702673A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2020-09-25 高彦科 一种机械加工用稳定效果高的定位工装
CN114290095A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-08 枣庄北航机床创新研究院有限公司 一种双轴叶片柔性夹具及夹持方法

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EP1963040A1 (de) 2008-09-03
US8118311B2 (en) 2012-02-21
US20090273145A1 (en) 2009-11-05
JP2009519838A (ja) 2009-05-21
DE102005061012A1 (de) 2007-06-21
WO2007073796A1 (de) 2007-07-05
DE102005061012B4 (de) 2008-11-27

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