CN101339124A - 用于检测变湿的光学传感器装置 - Google Patents

用于检测变湿的光学传感器装置 Download PDF

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CN101339124A
CN101339124A CNA2008101103601A CN200810110360A CN101339124A CN 101339124 A CN101339124 A CN 101339124A CN A2008101103601 A CNA2008101103601 A CN A2008101103601A CN 200810110360 A CN200810110360 A CN 200810110360A CN 101339124 A CN101339124 A CN 101339124A
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CN101339124B (zh
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U·贝克斯
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BCS Automotive Interface Solutions GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
    • B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
    • B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
    • B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
    • B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
    • B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
    • B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
    • B60S1/0833—Optical rain sensor
    • B60S1/0837—Optical rain sensor with a particular arrangement of the optical elements

Abstract

光学传感器装置(10)可被连接到窗(14)上，特别是连接到机动车的挡风玻璃上。该光学传感器装置(10)包括传感器单元(12)，该传感器单元(12)包括发射器(26)、接收器(28)和光导单元(30)。由发射器(26)发出的光束(34)通过光导单元(30)进入窗(14)，从窗(14)射出，并射到接收器(28)上。光导单元(30)包括菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域。

Description

用于检测变湿的光学传感器装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光学传感器装置，其可连接到窗上，特别是机动车的挡风玻璃上，该装置包括传感器单元，该传感器单元包括发射器、接收器和光导单元，由发射器发出的光束通过光导单元进入窗，从窗中射出，并到达接收器。
背景技术
这种传感器装置主要用作机动车中用于自动启动雨刷的雨传感器。用于影响光学路径的传统透镜(例如EP1068112B1中公开的雨传感器的透镜)斜靠在挡风玻璃上，需要较大的装配空间。
例如从WO03/026937A1中可知，通过采用全息传感器可实现较小的结构。这些传感器是基于衍射元件的光衍射的原理，因此具有原理的缺点，即产生少得多的有用光，并且更易于受外部光的影响。
为了减小光学传感器装置中发射器和/或接收器与光导单元之间的距离，DE19608648C1提出将光导单元的光入口和出口表面形成为菲涅耳透镜。但是，由于复杂的光导单元需要布置携带垂直于挡风玻璃的发射器和接收器的电路板，因此该装置所需的装配空间很大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种光学传感器装置，其能够扫描非常大的传感器区域而且仅需要很小的装配空间。
为此，根据本发明，在开始提到的光学传感器装置中，光导单元包括菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域。与传统透镜相比，根据本发明的具有菲涅耳透镜区域的光导单元可设计有更小的厚度。此外，该光导单元可布置成平行于窗，以节省空间，因为其能够使光束以一角度进入窗并从窗射出。本发明基于如下思想：当平行对准的光束以一角度合适地进入窗时，可扫描窗的相对较大的传感器区域。此外，根据本发明的具有相关联的反射区域的菲涅耳透镜区域提供更紧凑的光导单元的设计。
对于制造和组装本发明的光学传感器的特别有利的实施方式是其中光导单元形成为一件式。特别地，光导单元可被制成板，其前侧具有台阶式街头(菲涅耳结构)。板被布置成使得板的前侧面向发射器和/或接收器。除了简化光导单元的制造之外(其中仅需要(例如通过压纹)将菲涅耳结构所需的台阶结合到合适的光学材料的矩形板上)，光导单元的输入区域相对于输出区域的布置被牢固地限定，且不会在组装期间或者在安装状态下由于机械影响而改变。
由从属权利要求可知本发明的光学传感器装置的进一步的优点和有利方面。
附图说明
下面将参照附图对本发明进行详细描述，其中：
图1示意性示出了根据本发明的光学传感器装置的俯视图；
图2示意性示出了沿着图1中线A-A的剖视图；以及
图3示意性示出了根据本发明的另一种改进的光学传感器装置的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的光学传感器装置10，其具有两个相同的传感器单元12，用于检测窗的润湿。下面描述的传感器装置10用作雨传感器，其安装在机动车的挡风玻璃14(参见图2)上。在图1中，传感器装置10的一些部件被省略，以突出下面将详细描述的光冲击表面16、18和20。
传感器单元12的基本结构显示在剖视图2中以截面图示出。在一侧开口的壳体22中，容纳有用于每个传感器12的具有发射器26和接收器28的电路板24。在传感器装置10的安装状态下，即当传感器装置10安装在挡风玻璃14上时，挡风玻璃14和电路板24基本上彼此平行对准。在电路板24和挡风玻璃14之间，设置有光导单元30，其主要部件是透镜板。壳体22和电路板24通过连接器32连接到挡风玻璃14上。
发射器26发射特定的频率范围内的光，其中术语“光”不限于可见光，而是可以特别包括在红外范围内的发光。由发射器26发射的光作为发散光束34直接射在光导单元30的输入部分42上。接收器28被调节以适应发射器26，并且向评估单元(未示出)提供与所检测的光的冲击对应的信号。
光导单元30的透镜板具有基本上平的背侧36，其面对挡风玻璃14，在安装状态时，该背侧与挡风玻璃14平行排列。光导单元30具有基本上镜面对称的设计，其中虚镜面在发射器26和接收器28之间延伸，垂直于挡风玻璃14，并且将输入部分42与镜面对称的输出部分44分开。透镜板的前侧38面对发射器26和接收器28，并且具有台阶式结构(以下成为菲涅耳结构)，下面将做详细描述。输入部分42的台阶54每个都具有输入表面56，由发射器26发射的发散光束34的一部分通过该输入表面进入光导单元30。输入表面56的形状为非球面菲涅耳透镜的形式。此外，输入部分42的外部台阶54(图2中的两个右侧台阶)具有反射表面58，它们基本上垂直于挡风玻璃14排列。每个反射表面58与相关联的台阶54的输入表面56相关联，这点通过传感器装置的功能描述更加清楚。
如上所述，输出部分44被形成与输入部分42对称，输出部分44的与输入部分42的输入表面56对应的表面56称为输出表面56，从挡风玻璃14射出的光束34b通过这些表面离开光导单元30。总的说来，光导单元30的菲涅耳结构包括有相关联的反射区域的菲涅耳透镜区域和没有相关联的反射区域的菲涅耳透镜区域。
在该示例性实施方式中，连接器32由基本上平的、透明、弹性介质形成，其在由发射器26发射的光的频率范围内没有明显的折射特性。
在操作中，由发射器26发出的沿着透镜板的方向的发散光束34冲击在光导单元30的输入部分42上。(为了更清楚，图2仅示出了光束34的那些实际用于扫描传感器表面的部分)。菲涅耳透镜区域提供这些光束部分的光线的平行排列，外部台阶54的输入表面56的形状能够使得这些平行排列的光束部分的光线射到相应的台阶54的相关联的反射表面58上。输入表面56和反射表面58可被调节适应彼此，使得全部光束部分在反射在反射表面58上时，全部光束部分能够基本上形成具有平行排列的光线的均匀光束34a，这些光线以大致45°角射到挡风玻璃14上。
平行排列的光束34a通过连接器32进入挡风玻璃14，方向基本上没有改变，即入射角α为大约45°。在挡风玻璃14中，光束34a经历全反射，光线还是保持平行定向。进入挡风玻璃14的平行光束34a的冲击表面(图1中的光冲击表面18)限定了传感器表面46，即挡风玻璃14的用于通过相应的传感器单元12检测润湿的表面。由于连接器32和光导单元30的对称结构，在挡风玻璃14中经过全反射的光束的光学路径与上述光学路径对称。这意味着所反射的平行光束34b通过连接器32从挡风玻璃14以大约45°的出射角β射出并且进入光导单元30的输出部分44(图1中的光冲击表面20)中。在在反射表面58上部分反射时，光束部分从光导单元30通过输出表面56出来。输出表面56的形状使得它们将光束部分聚焦在接收器28上。
为了更好地进行信号评估，由该对传感器单元的接收器28提供的信号在评估单元中经受衰减。对于可设置的属于传感器装置10的其他对传感器单元12也是如此。
为了避免润湿传感器单元12由于不希望的光输出和/或光输入而发生故障(其发生的可能原因下面会详述)，保持在单独的菲涅耳透镜区域或者相关联的反射区域之间的光导单元30的至少部分区域设有折射或者反射结构。因此，本来会通过这些中间区域进入光导单元30并从其射出的可扰乱传感器单元12的操作的光沿着“无害”的方向转向。因此，这些中间区域也可称为转向区域。
理论上，上述实施方式中可能发生下述情况：在用于以45°角照射挡风玻璃14的期望的平行光束34a旁边，在光导单元30的没有设有菲涅耳结构的区域由于折射或反射产生额外的不期望的光线。这些额外的光线可照射物体，例如位于挡风玻璃14的表面前面的沙粒，并且因此不表示润湿。这些光线的部分又会被这些物体反射并因此可能通过光导单元30的其他未被构造的区域，最终进入接收器28。另外，来自外部的外部光(例如太阳光)同样可通过这些未被构造的区域进入光导单元30并最终冲击在接收器28上。来自发射器26的光同样可能由于光导单元30的中间区域的多重反射直接到达接收器28(即没有通过挡风玻璃14“绕路”)。所有这些效应可导致对于润湿的错误检测。
因此，将中间区域构造为转向区域的目的是通过折射或反射使得不期望的光转向，从而传感器单元12的功能不会被损害。在另一技术领域已知的构造这种转向区域的一种可能是所谓的“猫眼结构”。
图3示出了又一改进的光学传感器装置10′。除了用于检测挡风玻璃14的润湿的传感器单元12，这里还设有额外的日光传感器单元48。日光传感器单元48每个包括光接收器50和光导单元(图3中未示出)。
与润湿传感器单元12中一样，日光传感器单元48的光导单元基本上为矩形，其具有基本上平的面对挡风玻璃14的背侧，并且与挡风玻璃14平行布置。光导单元的面对光接收器50的前侧具有菲涅耳台阶(没有反射区域)，这些台阶形成非球面菲涅耳透镜。菲涅耳透镜的光轴相对于挡风玻璃14倾斜大约45°。
或者，日光传感器单元48的光导单元可以设计有菲涅耳透镜区域和反射区域，这些区域被形成与布置与润湿传感器12的上述菲涅耳结构对应(即与光导单元30的输入部分42或输出部分44相同)。
每个菲涅耳透镜或菲涅耳结构从环境的限定区域52在相关联的光接收器50上映射光。该功能扩展到该效果：除了自动刮雨器启动之外，紧凑型传感器装置10′还提高车辆的照明系统的自动控制。
原理上，可在单个透镜板上形成本发明的传感器装置的几个或者甚至全部菲涅耳结构(以及可能菲涅耳透镜)。
为了生产来自合适的光学材料的矩形透镜板的光导单元30，仅仅需要在前侧38做少量的改进，以形成所需的菲涅耳结构40(可具有转向区域)。该光导单元30可特别通过压纹操作形成在透镜板中。在相同的压纹操作中，可以同时形成其他的光导单元(用于润湿或者日光传感器单元)。

Claims (21)

1.一种光学传感器装置(10、10′)，其可被连接到窗(14)上，特别是连接到机动车的挡风玻璃上，该光学传感器装置包括传感器单元(12)，该传感器单元(12)包括发射器(26)、接收器(28)和光导单元(30)，由发射器(26)发出的光束(34)通过光导单元(30)进入窗(14)，从窗(14)射出，并射到接收器(28)上，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)包括菲涅耳透镜区域和与之相关联的反射区域。
2.如权利要求1所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)还包括没有与之相关联的反射区域的菲涅耳透镜区域。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述菲涅耳透镜区域和所述反射区域形成在所述光导单元(30)的台阶式结构(40)中。
4.如权利要求3所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)由板形成，所述板的前侧(38)包括所述台阶式结构(40)，所述板被布置成使得所述板的前侧(38)面向所述发射器(26)和/或接收器(28)。
5.如权利要求4所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述台阶式结构(40)的至少一些台阶(54)每个都具有输入或输出表面(56)和与所述输入或输出表面相关联的反射表面(58)，所述输入或输出表面(56)以非球面菲涅耳透镜的形式成形。
6.如权利要求5所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述反射表面(58)与所述窗(14)大致垂直对准。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，在所述单独的菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域之间设置有转向区域，所述转向区域具有折射或者反射结构，使得冲击在转向区域上的光沿着不损害光学传感器装置(12)的功能的方向转向。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)包括输入部分(42)和输出部分(44)，由发射器(26)发射的光束(34)通过所述输入部分(42)进入窗，所述光束通过所述输出部分(14)从窗(14)射出，并射到接收器(28)上。
9.如权利要求8所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)具有镜面对称的设计。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)形成为一件式。
11.如权利要求8-10中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，在所述光导单元(30)的所述输入部分(42)中，菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域每个都布置成使得由发射器(26)发射的光束(34)的一部分经由菲涅耳透镜区域进入光导单元(30)，并随后反射在相关联的反射区域上。
12.如权利要求8-11中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，在所述光导单元(30)的所述输入部分(42)中，所述反射区域布置成使得发射器(26)发射的光束(34)的被反射的部分全部作为平行光束(34a)进入窗(14)。
13.如权利要求12所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，光束(34a)进入窗(14)的角(α)大约为45°。
14.如权利要求13所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，光束(34b)射出窗(14)的角(β)大约为45°。
15.如权利要求8-14中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，在所述光导单元(30)的所述输出部分(44)中，菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域每个都布置成使得从窗(14)射出的光束(34b)的一部分反射在反射区域，然后经由所述相关联的菲涅耳透镜区域从光导单元(30)射出。
16.如权利要求8-15中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，在所述光导单元(30)的所述输出部分(44)中，所述菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域每个都布置成使得从窗(14)射出的光束(34b)的一部分由反射区域反射到相关联的菲涅耳透镜区域上，并由此作为会聚光束部分射到接收器(28)上。
17.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述传感器(10′)的壳体(22)中容纳有至少一个附加的日光传感器单元(48)，所述日光传感器单元(48)包括光接收器(50)和将光从周围的限定区域(52)映射在光接收器(50)上的光导单元。
18.如权利要求17所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述日光传感器单元(48)的光导单元包括非球面菲涅耳透镜。
19.如权利要求17所述的光学传感器装置，其特征在于，所述日光传感器单元(48)的光导单元包括菲涅耳透镜区域和相关联的反射区域。
20.一种制造如前述权利要求中任一项所述的光学传感器装置的方法，其特征在于，所述光导单元(30)通过在板上压纹形成。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，在形成光导单元(30)的同一压纹步骤中，在同一板上额外地形成用于日光传感器单元(48)的至少一个额外的光导单元。
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JP2009010368A (ja) 2009-01-15
EP2000373B1 (de) 2014-01-08
BRPI0803028B1 (pt) 2018-08-14
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CN101339124B (zh) 2011-08-10
BRPI0803028A2 (pt) 2009-10-20
MX2008007166A (es) 2009-03-04
US7751054B2 (en) 2010-07-06
ES2443023T3 (es) 2014-02-17
DE102007025987A1 (de) 2009-01-08
JP4986936B2 (ja) 2012-07-25
US20080297803A1 (en) 2008-12-04

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