CN101334164B - 一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法 - Google Patents
一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101334164B CN101334164B CN2008100410706A CN200810041070A CN101334164B CN 101334164 B CN101334164 B CN 101334164B CN 2008100410706 A CN2008100410706 A CN 2008100410706A CN 200810041070 A CN200810041070 A CN 200810041070A CN 101334164 B CN101334164 B CN 101334164B
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- Prior art keywords
- wind
- boiler
- air
- cap
- coal dust
- Prior art date
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- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007924 injections Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011257 shell materials Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical compound 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O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001874 nitric oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxides Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound 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[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法，对老锅炉，其方法为：将老锅炉底部的炉排拆除，成为纯炉膛I；在纯炉膛I的一侧安装至少一个燃烧器H；煤粉E通过煤斗F进入电子秤G后进入燃烧器H；煤粉E在燃烧器H里进行与空气的混合、着火、强化燃烧、NOx的还原、燃烬、液态成渣、低NOx排放全部过程，最后洁净的高温烟气送到纯炉膛I通过烟道J被吸收利用；对新锅炉，其方法为：制造一个纯炉膛的锅炉；第二步到第四步与老锅炉的燃烧方法一样；其特征在于，所述的燃烧器H由可调式喷燃装置和燃烧室组成本发明的优点是燃烧充分，节能减排效果显著，减少污染，使用寿命延长。
Description
一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法，适用于2-35吨蒸汽、热水锅炉，炉窑、锻 造、炼钢，路桥拌和站及冷骨料加热等各种工业生产对热能需求的燃烧装置，属于煤粉燃烧 器技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 链条锅炉是目前工业锅炉广泛应用的炉型，如图1所示，包括锅炉炉膛C、和链条 炉排B，燃料煤A进入锅炉，在链条炉排B上层状燃烧，燃烧的烟气从锅炉炉膛C的出口 D 排出，这种锅炉的缺点为燃烧时与空气的混合不充分，造成燃烧不彻底、燃烬率低、q4损失 大，排烟含NOx、S02、粉尘浓度高，污染环境，为解决这些问题，人们对工业锅炉结构进行了 改进，但都没有改变传统的燃烧方式，效果不理想。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的是提供一种煤在动态的状况下充分燃烧，进而提高热效率，减少污 染的工业锅炉的洁净燃烧方法。
[0004] 为实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案是提供一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法，一，对老锅 炉，其方法为：
[0005] 第一步，将老锅炉底部的炉排拆除，成为纯炉膛I ；
[0006] 第二步，在纯炉膛I的一侧安装至少一台燃烧器H ；
[0007] 第三步，煤粉E通过煤斗F进入电子秤G后进入燃烧器H ；
[0008] 第四步，煤粉E在燃烧器H里进行与空气的混合、着火、强化燃烧、NOx的还原、燃 烬、液态成渣、低NOx排放全部过程，最后洁净的高温烟气送到纯炉膛I通过烟道J被吸收 利用；
[0009] 二，对新锅炉，其方法为：
[0010] 第一步，制造一个纯炉膛的锅炉；第二步到第四步与老锅炉的燃烧方法一样；其 特征在于，所述的燃烧器，由可调式喷燃装置和筒状燃烧室组成：
[0011] 所述的可调式喷燃装置包括后端盖，后端盖通过后端盖铰链铰接于燃烧室后端， 后端盖一侧设有后端盖锁紧操纵盘，后端盖中心设有一个一次风/煤粉喷射管道，锥体调 整操纵盘设于煤粉喷射管道外端，一次风/煤粉喷射管道上端设有一个燃料管，一次风/煤 粉喷射管道前端与燃烧室连接，一次风/煤粉喷射管道内设置一个喷嘴调节螺杆，喷嘴调 整螺杆外设有调节螺杆外套，喷嘴调节螺杆前端固定一个锥体，煤粉喷射管道前端头与扩 散器连接，锥体与扩散器构成一个可调试喷嘴，后端盖上设有一个发火装置和燃油或燃气 点火器，观火门和观火门锁紧操纵盘设于后端盖上，火焰检测传感器固定在观火门的中部。
[0012] 所述的燃烧室包括燃烧室壳体，燃烧室壳体外设有由二次风室外壳组成的二次风 室，和吊耳，在二次风室径向设有至少一列矩形环状风道，在每一列矩形环状风道内设有至 少2个二次风径向导流管，在二次风室外壳端部设有风门调节板和风门操纵机构，二次进风口端设有二次风总进口法兰，所述的燃烧室壳体为绝热层，在燃烧室壳体和二次风室之 间设有冷却水道或二次风换热翅片，在冷却水道的上下端分别设有冷却出水管和冷却进水 管，在调节螺杆外套里端设有一次风轴向旋流发生器。
[0013] 本发明与现有工业2-35吨锅炉燃烧方法的区别在于：
[0014] 1，本发明改变煤粉在锅炉炉膛中燃烧的方法，燃烧在锅炉外的燃烧室进行，锅炉 炉膛只是起到扩容的作用；
[0015] 2.本发明使煤粉/空气混合气体在燃烧器内分区段、贫氧燃烧，从而产生还原反 应，使氮氧化物还原：
[0016] C0+N0 —C02+N2
[0017] H2+N0 — N2+H20
[0018] CHi+NO —HCN+0
[0019] HCN+NO — N2+…(过量空气系数a < 1)
[0020] NO+C — N2+C0
[0021] 从上述反应式的生成物可以看出，NOx的生成被抑制，达到洁净燃烧，获得NOx减 排的效果；
[0022] 3.本发明增加一次风轴向旋流发生器，采用轴径向双旋流份区段控制燃烧，实现 一次风/煤粉混合物与二次风粉煤混合比例调节燃烧，使150〜300目的小颗粒煤粉可与 热空气混合充分、燃烧速度快，燃烬率高达99. 5% ；液态捕渣率高于85%以上，降低排烟中 的粉尘浓度（其液态灰渣含Si02 60%、含A1203 25%均是钾基硅酸钠和硅酸铝、硅胶产品 的生产原料)，减少烟尘排放量；
[0023] 4.本发明在燃烧室壳体和二次风室之间设有冷却水道或二次风换热翅片，水冷形 式或风冷形式使燃烧室筒体得到有效的冷却，也使耐火层温升达到稳定，提高了本发明的 使用寿命，其散热量通过冷却装置回收利用。
[0024] 5.目前，全国使用的2-35吨蒸汽、热水锅炉成千上万，依据本发明的技术方案来 改造这些锅炉，将会产生巨大的减排社会效益，又会获得惊人的节能经济成果。
[0025] 本发明的优点是燃烧充分，节能减排效果显著，减少污染，使用寿命延长。
附图说明
[0026] 图1为链条炉燃烧方法示意图；
[0027] 图2为本发明燃烧方法示意图；
[0028] 图3为实施例1 一种水冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器结构示意图；
[0029] 图4为一种水冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器A-A示意图；
[0030] 图5为一种水冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器B-B示意图；
[0031] 图6为一次风轴流发生器结构示意图；
[0032] 图7为实施例2 —种风冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器结构示意图；
[0033] 图8为一种风冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器A-A示意图。
具体实施方式
[0034] 以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
4[0035] 实施例1
[0036] 如图2所示，为本发明燃烧方法示意图，一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法为，
[0037] 一，对老锅炉，其方法为：
[0038] 第一步，将老锅炉底部的炉排拆除，成为纯炉膛I ；
[0039] 第二步，在纯炉膛I的一侧安装至少一台燃烧器H ；
[0040] 第三步，煤粉E通过煤斗F进入电子秤G后进入燃烧器H ；
[0041] 第四步，煤粉E在燃烧器H里进行与空气的混合、着火、强化燃烧、NOx的还原、燃 烬、液态成渣、低NOx排放全部过程，最后洁净的高温烟气送到纯炉膛I通过烟道J被吸收 利用；
[0042] 二，对新锅炉，其方法为：
[0043] 第一步，制造一个纯炉膛的锅炉；第二步到第四步与老锅炉的燃烧方法一样。
[0044] 以10吨链条炉排蒸汽锅炉燃烧器为例，如图3、4、5所示，为一种水冷式低NOx液 态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器结构示意图，所述的一种水冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧 器，由可调式喷燃装置5和燃烧室30组成：
[0045] 所述的可调式喷燃装置5由后端盖2、锥体6、调节螺杆外套7、喷嘴调节螺杆8、扩 散器9、一次风轴流发生器10、锥体调整操纵盘11、燃料管12、发火装置13、点火器14、观火 门15、观火门锁紧操纵盘16、后端盖铰链23和后端盖锁紧操纵盘24、一次风/煤粉喷射管 道25和火焰检测传感器28构成。
[0046] 所述的燃烧室30为筒状燃烧室，由冷却水道1、二次风室外壳3、吊耳4、矩形环状 风道17、风门操纵机构18、二次风室19、燃烧室壳体20、支架21、底座22、冷却出水管26、二 次风进口法兰27、冷却进水管29、风门调节板31和二次风径向导流管32、二次风换热翅片 33组成。
[0047] 后端盖2通过后端盖铰链23铰接于燃烧室30后端，后端盖2 —侧安装后端盖锁 紧操纵盘24，后端盖2中心设有一个一次风/煤粉喷射管道25，一次风/煤粉喷射管道25 直径为219毫米、长为650毫米，锥体调整操纵盘11设于一次风/煤粉喷射管道25外端， 一次风/煤粉喷射管道25上端设有一个燃料管12，煤粉喷射管道25前端与燃烧室30连 接，一次风/煤粉喷射管道25内设置一个喷嘴调节螺杆8，喷嘴调整螺杆8外设有调节螺杆 外套7，喷嘴调节螺杆8前后端分别与一次风/煤粉喷射管道25内的螺杆支架和喷射管道 封头螺纹连接，喷嘴调节螺杆8前端设有由3根扰流板35组成的一次风轴流发生器10，在 燃料一次风压的作用下螺旋式通过锥体6进入燃烧室30，并与二次风旋转方向一致形成双 旋流方式，喷嘴调节螺杆8前端固定一个锥体6，一次风/煤粉喷射管道25前端头与扩散 器9连接，锥体6与扩散器9构成一个可调试喷嘴，喷嘴调节螺杆8可改变锥体6与扩散器 9之间的相对位置，从而改变混合气体的最佳点火点及火焰长度，后端盖2上设有一个发火 装置13和燃油或燃气点火器14，观火门15和观火门锁紧操纵盘16安装在后端盖2上，火 焰检测传感器28固定在观火门15的中部，燃料入口通过法兰盘与来自磨煤机的燃料出口 相连接，利用磨煤机风压将煤粉送入一次风/煤粉喷射管道25并进入燃烧室30，后端盖20 上的观火门尺寸为80X 150毫米并装有火焰检测传感器28，也可通过该门进行人工手动点 火。
[0048] 燃烧室30为筒状燃烧室，内径为1400毫米、长为2000毫米、内筒为厚8毫米的钢板卷制焊接、燃烧室壳体20绝热层由不定形耐火材料或不定形高温浇注料制成，在燃烧室 壳体20和二次风室19之间设有冷却水道1，环形冷却水道1外筒由厚8毫米的钢板卷制， 冷却水道1的内胆上含有锚钩，燃烧室壳体20绝热层浇注在内胆上，与燃烧室壳体20组焊 连接，环形冷却水道1宽100毫米，冷却水道1的上下端分别设有冷却出水管26和冷却进 水管29，二次风室19用4列矩形环状风道17由厚4毫米的钢板卷制二次风室外壳3，与冷 却水道1外筒同轴向排列组焊连接，二次风室19的风道宽150毫米，每列矩形环状风道17 内设5个径向二次风径向导流管32，二次风径向导流管32径向呈12度，与筒内切向呈56 度角布置，二次风径向导流管32的直径为63毫米，环形套内的20根二次风径向导流管32 使矩形环带与筒体内切向贯通，二次风径向导流管32切向贯穿冷却水道1和燃烧室壳体20 绝热层组焊到冷却水道1外筒上，可调二次风室19的矩形环状风道下口 η形状同轴向组合 焊接到冷却水道1外筒表面，并使二次风穿过冷却水道1和燃烧室壳体20绝热层切向进入 燃烧室30内腔。在二次风室外壳3端部设有风门调节板31通过风门操纵机构18，可实现 分区段控制，二次进风口端设有二次风总进口法兰27，燃料管12与一次风/煤粉喷射管道 25呈轴向38度角焊接，调节螺杆外套7里端设有一次风轴向旋流发生器10，如图4所示， 为一次风轴向旋流发生器结构示意图，一次风轴向旋流发生器10由3根扰流板35组成，喷 嘴调节螺杆8同轴芯设于调节螺杆外套7内并设于一次风/煤粉喷射管道25外壳中心，与 一次风/煤粉喷射管道25同轴，调节螺杆外套7与一次风/煤粉喷射管道25之间均勻设 有3根扰流板35。
[0049] 可调式喷燃装置5和燃烧室30各为独立的结构体，两者通过可拆卸的活动铰链连 接成一个整体，在这样一个整体里完成煤粉燃料的输送和与空气的混合、着火、强化燃烧、 NOx的还原、燃烬、液态成渣、低NOx排放全部过程，洁净的高温烟气送到锅炉炉膛被吸收利用。
[0050] 本发明实例之一：对锅炉进行改造，安装低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器，改造 锅炉为江苏南通锅炉厂生产的SZL10-1. 25-ΑΙΙ链条炉排锅炉，锅炉05年出厂投入运行使 用，锅炉测试热效率70. 2%、燃煤燃烬率76%、Ν0χ排放900mg/m3、S02排放1200mg/m3、林格 曼> 1级，每小时燃用标煤1. 8吨，从点炉至到达到使用工况需2小时以上，炉膛温度830°C 左右，并伴有黑烟排出。改造后每小时燃用标煤850〜1100kg，从点炉至到达到使用工况只 需35分钟左右，炉膛温度达860°C〜960°C，只有含水蒸汽的白色烟气排出，节煤率为35%、 燃烬率为99%以上、热效率91%、NOx排放29mg/m3、SO2排放224mg/m3、林格曼0. 5级。
[0051] 实施例2
[0052] 以10吨链条炉排蒸汽锅炉燃烧器为例，如图7、8所示，为一种风冷式低NOx液态 排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧器结构示意图，所述的一种风冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃烧 器，由可调式喷燃装置5和燃烧室30组成：可调式喷燃装置5与实施例1相同，燃烧室30 的唯一区别是在燃烧室壳体20和二次风室19之间设有二次风换热翅片33，其它部分均与 实施例1相同。
[0053] 本发明实例之二 ：对锅炉进行改造，安装风冷式低NOx液态排渣双旋流煤粉燃 烧器，改造锅炉为江苏南通锅炉厂生产的SZL10-1. 25-A II链条炉排锅炉，锅炉05年出 厂投入运行使用，锅炉测试热效率70. 2 %、燃煤燃烬率76%、NOx排放900mg/m3、SO2排放 1200mg/m3、林格曼> 1级，每小时燃用标煤1. 8吨，从点炉至达到使用工况需2小时以上，
6炉膛温度830°C左右，并伴有黑烟排出。改造后每小时燃用标煤850〜1100kg，从点炉至达 到使用工况只需35分钟左右，炉膛温度达860°C〜960°C，只有含水蒸汽的白色烟气排出， 节煤率为35%、燃烬率为99%以上、热效率91%、NOx排放29mg/m3、SO2排放224mg/m3、林 格曼0.5级。
Claims (1)
- 一种工业锅炉的燃烧方法，一，对老锅炉，其方法为：第一步，将老锅炉底部的炉排拆除，成为纯炉膛(I)；第二步，在纯炉膛(I)的一侧安装至少一台燃烧器(H)；第三步，煤粉(E)通过煤斗(F)进入电子秤(G)后进入燃烧器(H)；第四步，煤粉(E)在燃烧器(H)里进行与空气的混合、着火、强化燃烧、NOx的还原、燃烬、液态成渣、低NOx排放全部过程，最后洁净的高温烟气送到纯炉膛(I)通过烟道(J)被吸收利用；二，对新锅炉，其方法为：第一步，制造一个纯炉膛的锅炉；第二步到第四步与老锅炉的燃烧方法一样；其特征在于，所述的燃烧器(H)由可调式喷燃装置(5)和燃烧室(30)组成：所述的可调式喷燃装置(5)包括后端盖(2)，后端盖(2)通过后端盖铰链(23)铰接于燃烧室(30)后端，后端盖(2)一侧设有后端盖锁紧操纵盘(24)，后端盖(2)中心设有一个一次风/煤粉喷射管道(25)，锥体调整操纵盘(11)设于一次风/煤粉喷射管道(25)外端，一次风/煤粉喷射管道(25)上端设有一个燃料管(12)，一次风/煤粉喷射管道(25)前端与燃烧室(30)连接，一次风/煤粉喷射管道(25)内设置一个喷嘴调节螺杆(8)，喷嘴调整螺杆(8)外设有调节螺杆外套(7)，喷嘴调节螺杆(8)前端固定一个锥体(6)，一次风/煤粉喷射管道(25)前端头与扩散器(9)连接，锥体(6)与扩散器(9)构成一个可调试喷嘴，后端盖(2)上设有一个发火装置(13)和燃油或燃气点火器(14)，观火门(15)和观火门锁紧操纵盘(16)设于后端盖(2)上，火焰检测传感器(28)固定在观火门(15)的中部；所述的燃烧室(30)包括燃烧室壳体(20)，燃烧室壳体(20)外设有由二次风室外壳(3)组成的二次风室(19)和吊耳(4)，在二次风室(19)径向设有至少一列矩形环状风道(17)，在每一列矩形环状风道(17)内设有至少5个二次风径向导流管(32)，在二次风室外壳(3)端部设有风门调节板(31)和风 门操纵机构(18)，二次进风口端设有二次风总进口法兰(27)，所述的燃烧室壳体(20)为绝热层，在燃烧室壳体(20)和二次风室(19)之间设有冷却水道(1)或二次风换热翅片(33)，在冷却水道(1)的上下部分别设有冷却出水管(26)和冷却进水管(29)，在调节螺杆外套(7)里端设有一次风轴流发生器(10)。
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| CN106122948A (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 | 一种燃煤锅炉的循环燃烧方法 |
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