CN101332651A - 覆盖带束层的装置和方法 - Google Patents

覆盖带束层的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101332651A
CN101332651A CNA2008101088601A CN200810108860A CN101332651A CN 101332651 A CN101332651 A CN 101332651A CN A2008101088601 A CNA2008101088601 A CN A2008101088601A CN 200810108860 A CN200810108860 A CN 200810108860A CN 101332651 A CN101332651 A CN 101332651A
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S·尼古拉
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Abstract

一种用于连续覆盖带束层的装置，所述带束层由一系列彼此基本平行的束线(F)构成，该装置包括：束线导孔(35)；涂覆腔(31)，第一送料通道(10)和第二送料通道(20)通向该涂覆腔，这两个送料通道彼此独立，其分别和第一送料装置(13)、第二送料装置(23)连通并且能够在一定压力下以设定的流动速率传送第一种材料(A)和第二种材料(B)；通道出口(11、21)，分别设置在高于以及低于带束层(F)平面的位置；以及输出模具。压力测量装置(12、22)，其与控制每一送料装置(13、23)的压力的控制器连接，该测量装置彼此面对面地在涂覆腔(31)中成一直线，其分别处于带束层平面的某一侧面上紧邻送料通道(11、21)出口的地方。

Description

覆盖带束层的装置和方法
技术领域
[001]本发明涉及复合增强产品的制造领域，该产品由嵌入热塑性或者黏弹性材料内部的束线(threads)构成。
[002]更具体地说，本发明涉及广泛使用于轮胎的增强层的制造，该轮胎计划配备在陆地汽车上。
背景技术
[003]这些增强层计划用于组成轮胎的胎体增强层或者胎冠增强层，并且由连续的束线构成，这些束线彼此间基本上保持平行并且具有设定的横向节距。束线嵌入橡胶之中。
[004]术语“束线”的意义可解释为任何单股(individual)增强束线或者合股(cabled)增强束线，该束线本身由单股细丝汇合而成。这些束线的质地可以均等地为织物、复合或者金属。
[005]制造这些平直带束层的最广泛使用的方法是，使用由两个辊子构成的轮压机(calendar)在束线层的两个侧面上同时沉积橡胶层，这两个辊子能够彼此向着对方挤压橡胶片，从而橡胶渗透进束线间的间隔空间，直到形成橡胶桥为止。
[006]同样为人所知的是覆盖装置(sheathing means)，其中带束层(ply of threads)通过涂覆模具(coating die)，在涂覆模具的上游设有与送料装置连通的涂覆腔，该送料装置能够在一定的压力下以设定的流动速度传送橡胶类产品。束线层材料从设置在装置入口处的束线导孔(thread guide)进入涂覆腔，在涂覆腔中处于一定压力下的混合物渗透进入束线之间的间隔空间，束线层材料通过流经精整模具(sizingdie，或曰“定型模具”)从装置中成型，该精整模具为束线层的半成品提供精确的厚度。
[007]送料装置，例如一个或多个单螺杆挤出机，通过一个或多个向束线层的上层部分或者下层部分开口的通道向涂覆腔送料。
[008]此外，由于涂覆腔中的高压导致的束线的高质量注入，该技术具有能够形成非常规则的系列橡胶桥的优点。这种技术特别适合应用于生产类似带形产品的窄的直带束层，在其后的步骤中，通过将该带型产品缠绕在轮胎坯上使带型产品应用于后续产品的制造。该技术还适合应用于制造增强层，其通过以设定角度并列排列带型产品而形成相对圆周方向的设定角度。
[009]然而，现代轮胎的制造需要具有日益复杂和精确的几何形状的组件，使得有必要重新考虑已知装置的使用。
[010]图1表示所研究类型的直带束层，其中橡胶混合物A覆盖束线F，使得束线的上脊定位在与带束层的上表面相隔一个距离eup的位置，束线的下脊定位在与带束层下表面相隔一个距离elow的位置，带束层的总厚度表示为Etot。也应当注意到的是，在这种直带束层中，距离eup和elow没有必要相同。
[011]使用覆盖装置制造如图1所示的直束带层，通过相对于涂覆模具的上边缘和下边缘移动带束层平面，厚度eup和elow可发生变化。总厚度Etot由束线的直径、通过覆盖装置的束线的速度以及涂覆腔中的压力决定。
[012]这种方法对于控制带束层相对于表面的位置存在许多困难。这是因为计划用于向带束层的上层部分送料的混合物液流和计划用于向带束层的下层部分送料的混合物液流之间的压力的任何变化会导致束线向上或者向下移动。
[013]例如，两股液流之间在10mm长度上的1bar的压力差会在垂直于带束层表面的方向上产生0.6N的力。带束层的张力可随之增大，使得束线不会在垂直于带束层表面的方向上造成过大的位移。然而，这种技术依然受到一定的限制，束线将容易切断或者破坏由未经熟化并且具有较强塑性的人造橡胶构成的带束层。
[014]计划分别向形成带束层的上层部分和下层部分的涂覆腔中送料的两股液流间的压力差是由大量不易控制的参数造成的。该压力差特别是会发生在需要根据带束层的通过速度改变涂覆腔中的压力从而使得总厚度Etot保持不变的情况之下。其它参数也会产生影响，例如与橡胶混合物接触的部件的瞬间温度、局部混合物的流变能力的不同、挤出速度、束线的直径、束线的节距和流通管道的外形及几何形状。
[015]这导致了束线脊部上的橡胶层的几何形状的不规则，从而会影响所需的精度。
发明内容
[016]本发明的目的是为所述问题提供解决方案和用覆盖的方法制造具有所需精度的直带束层。
[017]本发明所述的连续覆盖装置：
-束线导孔；
-涂覆腔，第一送料通道和第二送料通道通向该涂覆腔，这两个送料通道彼此互相独立，分别与第一送料装置和第二送料装置连通并且能够在压力下以设定的速度输送第一种材料和第二种材料，这两个送料通道的出口分别设置在带束层平面的上方和下方；以及
-输出模具。
当后续操作进行时，带束层被输送通过该装置的不同组件。
[018]本发明所述的装置的特征在于压力测量装置，该压力测量装置与控制每一送料装置压力的控制器连接，该压力测量装置彼此面对面地在涂覆腔中成一直线，其分别处于带束层平面的某一侧面上紧邻送料通道出口的地方。
[019]因此，可以通过如下方式调节所述送料装置：第一送料通道的混合物的输出压力与第二送料通道的混合物的输出压力相等，不考虑为调节被覆盖层的总厚度Etot而需要在所述腔体中建立的压力水平，总厚度Etot通过带束层的移动速度调节。
[020]带束层的上层部分和下层部分间的压力差实际上等于零，因此可通过出口模具防止束线的位移。
附图说明
[021]以下通过附图1至3进行说明，在图中：
-图1表示根据第一个具体实施例的被覆盖带束层的示意性截面视图，该带束层根据本发明的步骤获得；
-图2表示根据本发明的装置的示意性截面视图；
-图3表示根据第二个具体实施例的被覆盖带束层的示意性截面视图，该带束层根据本发明的步骤获得。
具体实施方式
[022]如上文所述，图1表示被覆盖的带束层的第一个具体实施例，该带束层可以通过本发明所述的步骤和装置获得。
[023]图2表示本发明所述的装置。覆盖装置包括：束线导孔35，其设置在装置入口处；涂覆腔31，第一送料通道10通向该涂覆腔，第一送料通道的出口11设置在带束层F平面的上方。第二送料通道20的出口21在带束层F平面的下方也通向涂覆腔31。装置的出口由模具32构成，该模具包括上边缘33和下边缘34，这两个边缘的分离用于调节被覆盖层的总厚度Etot。设有使带束层以设定速度通过覆盖装置的装置(未示出)。这些装置还使得束线F处于张紧状态之中。
[024]送料装置13和23分别与送料通道10和20连通。这些送料装置可为传统挤出装置，该种类型的装置广泛应用于橡胶工业，其包括通过电动机(未示出)旋转的螺杆(screw)。同样地，当涂覆材料具有更强流动性时，可以使用旋转泵或者容积式泵。这些装置均能够以自己的方式传送材料(A、B)，这些材料被计划用于以设定速率和在设定的压力下从送料通道10和20向涂覆腔(31)中涂覆束线。
[025]送料装置13和23彼此互相分离。
[026]本发明所述装置包括压力测定装置12和22，例如压力传感器，这些传感器彼此面对面地在涂覆腔中成一直线，其分别处于带束层平面的两侧上，从而可测量某点的压力，在该点处混合物容易影响束线的位置。
[027]这些压力传感器设置在尽可能接近送料通道10和11的出口11和21的位置，这样束线层两侧面间的压力差取决于由送料装置传递进所述出口的压力以及用每一混合物涂覆束线时的压力变化，并且能够引起束线的位移。
[028]为测量施加在设定点上的垂直于带束层平面方向的力，精确地将传感器设置在彼此成一直线的位置上是非常重要的。
[029]这些压力测定装置与控制器40连接，用于控制送料装置13、23，从而可根据设定好的给定值调节每一送料通道中的压力。
[030]因此，可作出一定设置将带束层平面的两侧面间的压力差大致控制为零。
[031]为防止系统缓变(slow drift)的发生，将对于一个送料装置的控制装置作为主要装置，其他送料装置的控制装置均受制于该主要装置。
[032]因此，本发明所述装置区别于已知调节装置，在已知调节装置中，压力测量装置设置在送料通道内部，该测量装置不能探测到垂直带束层的方向上的压力差的微小变化。
[033]图2还表示出本发明所述装置的一个可选具体实施例，其中，通道10的出口11相对于通道20的出口21沿一定方向偏移一个距离d，在该方向上带束层前进通过所述装置。
[034]这种装置具有一定的效果，即当混合物渗透进入带束层的上层部分时，带束层仍然局部地被束线导孔固定在适当位置。束线仍然在束线导孔上被支承，如此防止了带束层在垂直于带束层平面的方向上发生任何移动。
[035]只有在另一送料装置的出口21的位置，带束层完全不受束线导孔的影响，从而当混合物渗透进入带束层的下层部分时，所述带束层由上层部分的混合物支承。这导致了束线位置更佳的稳定性并因此使厚度eup和elow具有更佳的精确性。
[036]因此，压力传感器设置在接近第二出口21的位置，该位置相对于第一出口11偏移大于d的距离。
[037]该装置还具有另外一个优于传统装置的优点，在传统装置中混合物来自单一的送料装置。
[038]这是因为经常需要制造这样的带束层，如图3所示，在该带束层中构成带束层上层部分的橡胶混合物A有别于构成带束层下层部分的橡胶混合物B。在这种结构中，如图3中的虚线所示，束线中心的位置没有必要与混合物A和混合物B之间的分隔线相一致。
[039]因此，有必要更加精确地控制混合物A和B的厚度a和b，使所述厚度的和等于总厚度Etot。
[040]如图所示，可以通过改变使送料通道10的出口11与送料通道20的出口21分离的距离d来改变相对于厚度b的厚度a，从而不必改变涂覆腔中的压力。如上文所述，这对于控制总厚度来说是头等重要的。
[041]本发明所述装置的另一用途在于记录两个测量装置12和22之间的压力差，用于对离开该装置的终端产品进行精细控制(finecontrol)。从而，当该压力差超过一定限度时，可以认为这种异常所发生的区域不适用于后续制造步骤。因此，应通过任何可能的装置确定所述区域以及在后续的生产阶段中将其消除，而没有必要中断涂覆层的生产。
[042]因此构成本发明主题的装置可以解决所述问题，其涉及对增强层几何形状的控制，并且提供改变轮胎结构的多种可能。

Claims (7)

1、用于使用热塑性或者黏弹性材料(A、B)连续覆盖带束层的装置，所述带束层由一系列彼此基本平行的束线(F)构成，该装置包括：
-束线导孔(35)；
-涂覆腔(31)，第一送料通道(10)和第二送料通道(20)通向该涂覆腔，这两个送料通道彼此互相独立，分别与第一送料装置(13)和第二送料装置(23)连通并且能够在压力下以设定的流动速度输送第一种材料(A)和第二种材料(B)，这两个送料通道的出口(11、21)设置在带束层(F)平面的上方和下方；以及
-输出模具(32)，当装置运行时，带束层(F)通过所述导孔、腔和模具，
其特征在于与控制每一送料装置(13、23)压力的控制器(40)连接的压力测量装置(12、22)彼此面对面地在涂覆腔(31)中成一直线，其分别处于带束层平面的两侧上紧邻送料通道(10、20)的出口(11、21)的位置。
2、如权利要求1所述的覆盖装置，其中送料通道的出(11、21)具有沿本发明所述的带束层的前进方向上的偏移距离(d)。
3、用于使用热塑性或者黏弹性材料(A、B)连续覆盖带束层的方法，所述带束层由一系列彼此基本平行的束线(F)构成，该束线以设定的方向通过权利要求1或2所述的覆盖装置，其中送料装置(13、23)的运行以这样的方式调节：由两个设置在涂覆腔(31)中的压力测量装置测量的压力差为零。
4、如权利要求3所述的覆盖方法，其中材料(A、B)是橡胶基黏弹性材料。
5、如权利要求3或4所述的覆盖方法，其中沉积在上表面的材料(A)和沉积在下表面的材料(B)不同。
6、如权利要求5所述的覆盖方法，其中送料通道(10、11)的出口(11、21)间的距离(d)发生变化，从而引起沉积在带束层上表面的材料(A)的厚度(a)相对于沉积在带束层下表面的材料(B)的厚度(b)发生变化。
7、如权利要求3至6之一所述的覆盖方法，其中设置在涂覆腔(31)中的两个压力测量装置(12、22)之间的压力差的计算用于确定获得的最终产品的一致性。
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