CN106660249A - 用于制备涂布橡胶的金属丝线的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于制备涂布橡胶的金属丝线的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN106660249A
CN106660249A CN201580035571.1A CN201580035571A CN106660249A CN 106660249 A CN106660249 A CN 106660249A CN 201580035571 A CN201580035571 A CN 201580035571A CN 106660249 A CN106660249 A CN 106660249A
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silk thread
heat conduction
coating mould
speed
reference temperature
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CN106660249B (zh
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J·塔耶尔
P·莫内罗
D·韦尼耶
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制备金属丝线的方法,所述方法通过用来自挤出机(210)的弹性体混合物包覆丝线(60)来制造金属丝线,所述挤出机(210)包括为包覆模具(260)供料的通道(220),所述丝线以预设标称速度Vn穿过所述包覆模具(260),其特征在于,当测量的丝线通过速度Vm不同于Vn时,使包覆模具的下游端(262)的温度在预定持续时间内并独立于模具的剩余部分而发生变化。

Description

用于制备涂布橡胶的金属丝线的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及旨在用于形成轮胎增强件的金属丝线的制备领域。通常地,这些丝线用于制备由一定长度的丝线组成的增强帘布层,所述丝线用橡胶配混物涂布、彼此平行并且与帘布层的纵向方向形成给定角度。
背景技术
这些丝线可以是单根丝线,或通过将单根金属丝线捻合在一起而获得的丝线组件。
为了改善丝线的强度,这些通过组装形成的类型的丝线中的一些丝线的特定特征在于具有用橡胶涂布的芯部。这些丝线在其制造过程中用未固化状态的橡胶进行橡胶处理从而改进其耐腐蚀性,因此改进特别是在工业车辆的轮胎胎体增强件中的耐久性。
已知当轮胎行驶(特别是反复弯曲或曲率变化)时这些经过橡胶处理的丝线经受显著的应力,造成丝线的摩擦,因此造成丝线的磨损或疲劳。因此非常重要的是,当组装多根丝线从而形成帘线时,使这些丝线尽可能地被橡胶浸渍并且使橡胶尽可能地渗透至丝线之间的空间中。
通常地,用来自挤出机的橡胶配混物涂布丝线,所述挤出机的出口通往包括包覆模具的包覆头,丝线或丝线组件穿过所述包覆模具从而进行涂布。挤出机的操作参数选择成保证均匀地涂布穿过包覆模具的一根或多根丝线。
文献US 2 105 812、US 2003/152658、JP 2001 121597和DE 10 2011 118719描述了使用挤出机和包覆头并用粘性聚合物或橡胶配混物涂布金属丝线的设备。
因此,已经发现对于给定的橡胶配混物和给定的增强丝线,为了实现良好的丝线涂布而必须考虑的参数为:配混物的温度、挤出机和包覆模具的壁温、增强丝线的温度、包覆模具的表面整理的直径和形状,以及涂布区域和包覆模具中的配混物的压力。针对用于涂布的丝线穿过包覆模具的标称速度来优化这些参数。
已知文献US 2002/0158357描述了用极薄聚合物配混物来涂布极细帘线(具有25μm的直径)的机器。为了获得均匀并且具有恒定厚度的涂层,加热元件设置在涂布模具的出口处并且围绕已涂布的帘线。该加热元件被控制为使得在涂布模具的出口处始终提供预设温度。摄影机监控离开机器的已涂布丝线并且提醒操作者出现的任何涂布缺陷。操作者则必须调节机器从而获得均匀涂层。由操作者进行的这些调节对生产率产生负面影响。
文献WO 02/20898描述了另一种设备的示例,所述设备通过用保护性树脂涂布玻璃帘线从而制备复合帘线,其中设备包括设置在出口模具处的加热元件。然而,根据所述文献,操作者根据所使用的树脂类型使用温度传感器对加热元件进行控制。
在制备涂布橡胶的增强丝线的过程中,丝线穿过包覆模具的速度根据丝线穿过上游过程或下游过程的速度而变化。
因此,已经发现当穿过模具的速度变化时,穿过模具的丝线不再能被均匀地涂布。在停止或开始涂布阶段的过程中该现象更为明显。在这些停止和开始阶段的过程中,获得的丝线未被橡胶涂布,因此不够强韧。当丝线包括包覆较差的部分或无涂层的部分时,未包覆的部分需要被切掉和除去,这造成材料损失和生产率损失。
为了克服这些问题,建议调节对用弹性体配混物涂布丝线产生影响的参数从而使这些参数适应于丝线行进速度。然而发现,如果希望改变配混物的温度,则必须改变挤出机的操作参数。然而,考虑到挤出机显著的热惯量以及稳定配混物需要相当长的时间,因此该解决方案牵涉操作时间,所述操作时间与需要连续操作的涂布系统不能匹配并且与速度变化高度响应,这都不会对涂布橡胶的性质造成不利地影响。
此外,在实验室进行的试验过程中发现,当丝线行进速度接近零时,包覆区域中的橡胶配混物的压力变化不影响涂布。因此在机器关闭或重启阶段的过程中不能考虑该参数。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出用橡胶配混物涂布增强丝线的方法和设备,所述方法和设备能够解决这些问题。
使用制备金属丝线的方法实现该目的,所述方法通过用来自挤出机的弹性体配混物包覆丝线,所述挤出机包括对包覆模具进料的进料通道,所述丝线以预设标称速度Vn穿过所述包覆模具,其特征在于,当测量的丝线移动速度Vm不同于Vn时,使包覆模具的下游端的温度在预定持续时间内并独立于该模具的剩余部分而发生变化。
根据本发明,当检测到丝线速度相对于预设标称速度(所述预设标称速度对应于涂布橡胶的丝线生产线的标称操作)变化时,包覆模具的出口处的温度变化。用于迅速加热包覆模具的下游端的装置进行操作从而获得配混物温度和丝线温度的瞬时变化使其适应于丝线穿过包覆模具的速度而无需对挤出机的操作参数施加作用。这样则造成弹性体配混物的温度迅速变化,所述变化局限于包覆模具的出口处但是不会使穿过包覆模具的弹性体配混物硫化。因此,通过自动系统来控制需要传递的能量和加热时间,所述自动系统允许根据丝线的进给条件来控制待传递能量的量。举例而言,当发出加热命令时,约4.5kJ的能量被送往模具的出口用于10秒的最大持续时间。
本发明的方法还可以单独或组合地包括如下特征:
-当测量的丝线行进速度等于预设标称速度Vn时,向包覆模具的下游端施加参考温度Tn,并且相比于在测量速度不同于标称速度并且丝线加速的持续时间时,则以更短的持续时间施加至少一个大于Tn的参考温度Ttrans;
-当测量的丝线行进速度等于预设标称速度Vn时,向包覆模具的下游端施加参考温度Tn,并且相比于在测量速度不同于标称速度并且丝线减速的持续时间时,则以相等的持续时间施加至少一个大于Tn参考温度Ttrans;
-施加的参考温度Ttrans大于Tn并且该参考温度Ttrans遵守与测量的丝线行进速度成比例变化的规律;
-施加的参考温度Ttrans大于Tn并且所述参考温度Ttrans遵守与丝线直径成比例变化的规律;
-当丝线静止时向包覆模具的下游端施加参考温度Tna,该参考温度有可能等于或不同于Tn;
还使用通过用来自挤出机的弹性体配混物包覆丝线从而制备金属丝线的设备来实现该目的,所述挤出机包括对包覆模具进料的进料通道,所述丝线在解绕线轴与缠绕线轴之间以预设标称速度Vn穿过所述包覆模具,其特征在于,所述设备包括与包覆模具的下游端热接触的导热末端,所述末端包括受热调节装置控制的加热装置,所述热调节装置连接至用于测量丝线行进速度的装置从而当测量的丝线行进速度Vm不同于标称速度Vn时对所述末端的加热装置进行调节。
在实验室试验的过程中发现,在瞬态操作阶段的过程中弹性体配混物迅速(约数秒)过热使得配混物更具流动性,因此能够以低速包覆丝线。然而,当丝线行进速度恢复至其标称操作速度时,需要保证迅速恢复至预设最佳包覆温度从而获得均匀沉积。为了保证在热能瞬间流入与热能迅速排出之间的这种迅速转变,使用附接至模具并且包括自有的加热装置的导热末端,所述加热装置独立于设备的其它加热装置操作,所述导热末端能够提供较低热惯量。这样对于任何速度值和设备的任何操作阶段,这都会生产沿着整个长度包覆的丝线,因此能够实现生产率的明显增加,同时避免未包覆区域。
本发明的设备还可以单独或组合地包括如下特征:
-导热末端围绕包覆模具的前端并且当通电时,并且所述导热末端被制造成其加热装置在小于或等于10秒的时间内能够使所述末端的温度增加30至50℃;因此本发明的导热末端成功地使温度局部迅速地升高而不影响包覆头或挤出机的温度;
-导热末端包括冷却装置或与冷却装置协同配合从而迅速恢复至瞬态速度阶段之外的正常操作;
-导热末端可移除地或可换地安装在包覆模具的下游端从而能够装配至包覆模具的下游端;
-所述设备包括用于测量包覆丝线的直径的传感器,并且根据包覆丝线的直径来调节导热末端的温度,从而进一步改进包覆品质;
-包覆模具的下游部分与模具的剩余部分隔热,从而能够更精确地设定热能流入目标;
-导热末端可自动伸缩,如果需要的话能够通过使末端远离模具的剩余部分移动从而更迅速的除去热能;
-导热末端由具有高热扩散率的材料(优选铝)制成;具有高热扩散率并且因此具有良好传热能力的材料(例如铜或铝)是优选的,这是因为本发明的导热末端需要具有较低热惯量,从而可以高度响应待包覆的丝线的速度变化;具有低密度和高导热率的末端因此是优选的;
-导热末端为感应线圈并且包覆模具的下游端由铁磁材料制成;在该情况下,当通电时,末端允许包覆模具的下游端通过感应而被直接加热。
根据本发明,丝线应被理解为表示丝状增强元件,所述丝状增强元件可以由单根丝线或形成单股或帘线的单根丝线的组件或被称为多股绳的帘线的组件制成。单股通常被理解为表示由中央帘线或芯部和围绕芯部设置的一个或多个同中心的外层组成的层状帘线。最广泛使用的三层帘线是由M根丝线的芯部、中间层N和围绕中间层的P根丝线的外层形成的M+N+P构造的帘线,其中M为1至4,N为3至12,并且P为8至20。
附图说明
下面将基于图1至图3来进行描述,其中:
-图1显示了使用本发明的挤出机组装丝线并对丝线进行橡胶处理的设备;
-图2为图1的丝线组装和橡胶处理设备的方框图;
-图3为显示待用橡胶处理的丝线的行进速度和本发明的挤出机的出口附近的温度随时间变化的图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的用于组装丝线并对丝线进行橡胶处理的设备1,所述设备1包括挤出机和包覆模具。在该设备中,通过供线盘20输送的单根芯部丝线10与通过供线盘40输送的其它六根丝线30组装从而在第一解绕区域100的组装点50处形成捻合在一起的组件或芯股,下文称为丝线60。丝线60在穿过包覆区域200并且在箭头F方向上行进时被包覆。包覆丝线70到达组装区域300处,在所述组装区域300中通过与由供线盘90输送的组件外层的其它丝线80(在所显示的实施例中存在12根其它丝线80)捻合在一起从而被组装。由此获得的最终帘线99在穿过捻度平衡装置420之后最终在缠绕区域400中被收集在旋转接收器410上,所述捻度平衡装置420例如由矫直机或扭曲矫直机构成。用于制备多层帘线的所述设备更清楚地描述于本申请人名下的文献WO 2010/112445。
包覆区域200包括具有机筒213的挤出机210,所述机筒213设置有弹性体配混物进料入口和均质化配混物出口212,从而通过螺杆214以给定压力、给定温度和给定流速来输送配混物。出口212通往包覆头230的进料通道220。包覆头230包括位于包覆头的入口处的丝线引导件240,当在丝线60的行进方向上观察时,所述丝线引导件240通过涂布室250延伸,进料通道220通往所述涂布室250。弹性体配混物的流动方向垂直于丝线60的行进方向。在包覆模具260中进行丝线的包覆,所述包覆模具260包括上游端和校准下游端262,所述上游端形成围绕涂布室250的会聚喷嘴261,所述校准下游端262的出口具有限定包覆丝线的直径的校准内径。包覆模具由钢制成,上游部分261和下游部分261可由单件(如图所示)或多部件形式制成。以已知方式,包覆头260包括其自有的加热元件,所述加热元件连接至温度探针(图中未显示)并且连接至这些加热装置的热调节装置。
根据本发明,在包覆模具的下游端262添加导热末端270。导热末端270例如通过直接安装在下游端262从而被设置成与包覆模具260热接触。在一个替代形式中,导热末端270包括包覆模具。
在所显示的实施例中,导热末端270可移除地或可换地安装在包覆模具262的下游端上。因此导热末端270以沿径向裂开的圆筒形套管的形式形成,所述圆筒形套管通过固定螺钉固定至包覆模具260的突出部分263的外径。
为了本发明的目的,导热末端270需要具有较小质量和较低热惯量从而根据需要迅速做出反应以调节设备的温度,正如下文所解释的。因此,导热末端270优选由铝或具有高扩散性的其它材料制成;对于72mm的外径、20mm的内径和17.5mm的厚度而言,其具有约200g的质量。末端与形成包覆模具260的校准部分的下游端262直接接触,或者当在末端与下游端262之间存在导热壁时,导热壁的厚度不能超过10mm。为了本发明的目的,导热末端270还设置有一个或多个加热元件271,所述加热元件271为丝网电阻或加热带的类型并且能够提供较大加热功率。在所显示的示例中,末端包括三个丝网电阻元件,每个元件具有150W的功率。温度探针272嵌入导热末端270并且连接至热调节装置用以控制加热元件271的电力供应,正如下文所解释的。
为了本发明的目的,导热末端270还需要能够根据从热调节装置接收的指令而非常迅速地除去热能。为此,末端需要具有较大的正面区域273和较小厚度,从而能够通过自然对流而迅速冷却,例如正面环形区域的宽度与其厚度之间的比大于2。在所显示的示例中,冷却末端所需的时间为约3至6分钟。为了通过自然对流来加速其冷却,末端的正面区域273设置有散热片。在一个替代形式中,可以使用强制对流冷却系统(例如设置在附近的风扇)或者使冷却流体通过导管(所述导管穿过加热末端或与其周围热接触)而循环,从而冷却末端。
在一个替代形式(未显示)中,导热末端可以自动伸缩从而允许其更好的冷却。
在包覆模具的出口处存在用于测量包覆丝线70的直径的测量传感器280(例如激光传感器),所述测量传感器280将信息传递至设备1的热调节装置150(图2)。
图2为本发明的设备1的功能图。丝线以给定速度或标称速度Vn通过包覆区域200的包覆头230并且在解绕区域100中的显示为解绕盘2的解绕装置与缠绕区域400中的显示为盘4的缠绕装置之间受到张力。缠绕盘4通过电动马达170旋转,其旋转速度通过速度传感器180测量。测量的缠绕速度值传递至自动控制器或控制单元160,所述自动控制器或控制单元160操作包覆区域200的热调节装置150,所述热调节装置150控制挤出机210的操作参数(特别是对螺杆214的旋转速度,机筒213的加热元件的调节),并且所述热调节装置150对加热挤出头230的加热元件和加热导热末端270的加热元件进行调节。控制单元160的内存中储存的程序根据所使用的弹性体配混物并且根据希望的涂层厚度而为包覆区域200的元件的各个操作参数指派参考值。针对丝线通过本发明的设备1行进的标称速度值建立这些程序,所述标称速度值对应于组装线的最优操作速度。当组装线发生速度变化时,通过速度传感器180检测这些变化并且将其传递至控制单元160,所述控制单元160对导热末端270的温度参考值产生作用。
图3的图表对应于组装线的各个操作阶段显示了线V的速度随时间t的变化,并且在下方平行显示了通过控制单元160操作的导热末端270的温度T的相应变化。因此可以发现,当组装线以标称速度而以恒稳状态运转时,导热末端270进行温度调节从而达到标称参考温度Tn。末端的参考温度(所述参考温度的值受控制单元160控制)的变化表示为连续线并且其温度的实际变化(由于包覆头的各个元件的热惯量造成)在该图表中表现为断开的线。
参考图3,区域A中的组装线的操作对应于开始阶段,然后是处在标称速度Vn下的组装线的操作阶段,然后是组装线的减速和关闭阶段。显示温度变化并且位于下方的图表表明,一旦控制单元160发出组装线启动的指令,就以高于标称参考值Tn的过渡值Ttrans在导热末端270上施加参考温度,调节装置试图在非常短的时间(小于或等于10秒)内迅速达到所述标称参考值Tn。一旦末端温度达到参考温度Ttrans,允许组装线启动。一旦启动阶段完成,施加在末端上的参考温度再次为Tn,这是因为即使组装线速度低于包覆极限速度Vl(在参考温度Tn下不能均匀地橡胶处理丝线的速度),末端的实际温度仍高于标称温度。一旦组装线的控制单元160发出减速指令,则指令对末端进行新的全功率加热,向其施加较高的参考温度Ttrans直至组装线停止的时候。在组装线停止之后,末端的参考温度恢复降低至Tn,因此其准备接收进一步的指令。阶段B对应于交织穿线操作(通过首尾组装丝线从而形成接头),阶段C对应于速度低于组装线的标称速度的接头传送操作,并且阶段D对应于与阶段A的操作相同但是持续时间更短的阶段。可以设想操作步骤的其它组合,并且相应地调节导热末端270的温度。
例如,加速阶段和减速阶段具有约5至40秒的持续时间。还例如,速度Vn为约80m/min,并且一旦接收循环开始或循环结束的指令,则热调节装置为加热元件供电。
优选地,参考值Ttrans比温度值Tn大30至50℃。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,可以根据超过标称温度Tn的不同过渡参考温度值Ttrans1至Ttransi来对导热末端进行调节。
在一个替代形式中,与组装线的速度v成比例地来选择导热末端的参考温度的值。
在又一个替代形式中,在以组装线的预设标称速度下操作的过程中,与通过传感器280测量的包覆丝线70的直径的值成比例地来选择导热末端的参考温度的值。因此,可以通过导热末端的调节来控制包覆橡胶的厚度。
在另一个替代形式中,当组装线停止时,参考温度值可以选择成不同于标称操作温度Tn的值。
在本发明的实施方案的一个替代形式中,导热末端被感应线圈替代,所述感应线圈围绕形成模具的下游端262的部分(或者当该模具以多个元件的组件的形式形成时,围绕包括包覆模具的校准部分的部分),该部分由铁磁材料制成。感应线圈的电力供应受控制单元160的控制从而获得与包覆模具的校准部分相同的参考温度。
根据又一个替代形式,包覆模具的校准部分被与包覆头230的剩余部分隔热的元件支撑从而能够更精确地控制与其热接触的导热末端的加热。
可以设想本发明的实施方案的替代形式和模式而不偏离这些权利要求的范围。
因此,如果丝线需要进行橡胶处理,可以沿着丝线的路径在多个位置处设置橡胶处理区域200。因此,橡胶处理区域200可以设置在位于丝线10的离开盘20之后并且在与丝线30组装之前的路径中,该区域能够与形成丝线60组件的包覆区域200共同存在或者代替包覆区域200存在。同样地,本发明的设备和方法可以应用于单根丝线的橡胶处理,正如其可以应用于单股绳或多股绳的橡胶处理。

Claims (15)

1.用于制备金属丝线的方法,所述方法通过用来自挤出机(210)的弹性体配混物来包覆丝线(60),所述挤出机(210)包括对包覆模具(260)进料的进料通道(220),所述丝线以预设标称速度Vn穿过所述包覆模具(260),其特征在于,当测量的丝线移动速度Vm不同于Vn时,使包覆模具的下游端(262)的温度在预定持续时间内并独立于该模具的剩余部分而发生变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当测量的丝线(60)行进速度等于预设标称速度Vn时,向包覆模具的下游端(262)施用参考温度Tn,并且相比于在测量速度不同于标称速度并且丝线加速的持续时间时,则以更短的持续时间施用至少一个大于Tn的参考温度Ttrans。
3.根据权利要求1和2任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当测量的丝线(60)行进速度等于预设标称速度Vn时,向包覆模具的下游端(262)施加参考温度Tn,并且相比于测量速度不同于标称速度并且丝线减速的持续时间,以相等的持续时间施加至少一个大于Tn的参考温度Ttrans。
4.根据权利要求2和3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,施加的参考温度Ttrans大于Tn并且所述参考温度Ttrans遵守与测量的丝线行进速度成比例变化的规律。
5.根据权利要求2和3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,施加的参考温度Ttrans大于Tn并且所述参考温度Ttrans遵守与丝线(60)直径成比例变化的规律。
6.根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当丝线静止时向包覆模具的下游端(262)施加参考温度Tna。
7.制备金属丝线的设备,所述设备用来自挤出机(210)的弹性体配混物包覆丝线(60),所述挤出机(210)包括对包覆模具(260)进料的进料通道(220),所述丝线在解绕线轴(2)与缠绕线轴(4)之间以预设标称速度Vn穿过所述包覆模具(260),其特征在于,所述设备包括与包覆模具(260)的下游端(262)热接触的导热末端(270),所述末端包括受热调节装置(150)控制的加热装置,所述热调节装置(150)连接至用于测量丝线行进速度的装置,从而当测量的丝线(60)行进速度Vm不同于标称速度Vn时对所述末端的加热装置进行调节。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其特征在于,导热末端(270)围绕包覆模具的前端,并且当通电时,导热末端(270)被制造成所述导热末端(270)的加热装置在小于或等于10秒的时间内使得所述末端的温度增加30至50℃。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,所述导热末端(270)包括冷却装置或与冷却装置协同配合。
10.根据权利要求7至9任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述导热末端(270)能够移动。
11.根据权利要求7至10任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述设备包括用于测量已包覆的丝线(70)的直径的传感器(280),并且根据已包覆的丝线(70)的直径来调节导热末端(270)的温度。
12.根据权利要求7至11任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包覆模具(260)的下游部分(262)与所述模具的剩余部分隔热。
13.根据权利要求7至12任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述导热末端(270)能够自动伸缩。
14.根据权利要求7至13任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述导热末端(270)由具有高热扩散率的材料制成,优选由铝制成。
15.根据权利要求7至13任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,导热末端为感应线圈,并且所述包覆模具的下游端(262)由铁磁材料制成。
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