CN101321964A - 优化的具有无凹槽球道的同步刚性万向节 - Google Patents

优化的具有无凹槽球道的同步刚性万向节 Download PDF

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CN101321964A
CN101321964A CNA2005800516457A CN200580051645A CN101321964A CN 101321964 A CN101321964 A CN 101321964A CN A2005800516457 A CNA2005800516457 A CN A2005800516457A CN 200580051645 A CN200580051645 A CN 200580051645A CN 101321964 A CN101321964 A CN 101321964A
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ball
retainer
diameter
universal joint
alley
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M·迪茨
J·M·库伯特
I·古蒂雷茨
J·施梅因克
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GKN Driveline International GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/2237—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the grooves are composed of radii and adjoining straight lines, i.e. undercut free [UF] type joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22303—Details of ball cages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

刚性万向节形式的同步球窝万向节，包括：一个带有外部球道4的万向节外部件3，球道轴向地以无凹槽的形式构成；一个带有内部球道6的万向节内部件5，球道轴向地以无凹槽的形式构成；扭矩传递球7，它们在分别由一根外部球道和一根内部球道4，6形成的一对球道中滚动，球中心Z位于围绕万向节中心M的滚动圆直径PCD上且球直径为D；一个带有分布在四周的保持架窗口9的保持架8，球7安装在保持架窗口9中并保持在一个共同的中心平面E上；同时滚动圆的直径PCD与球直径D之比位于2.96到3.08之间(2.96＜PCD/D＜3.08)。

Description

优化的具有无凹槽球道的同步刚性万向节
技术领域
本发明涉及一种同步刚性万向节形式的同步万向节，它用于传递扭矩。这个同步刚性万向节包括一个带有外部球道的万向节外部件，一个带有内部球道的万向节内部件，扭矩传递球，它们在分别由一根外部球道和一根内部球道形成的一对球道中滚动，以及一个带有分布在四周的保持架窗口的球保持架，球安装在保持架窗口中。同时球保持在一个共同的中心平面上，在万向节弯曲时，球滚动到角平分线所处平面上。这种同步万向节以球笼式同步刚性万向节(RF)和无凹槽刚性万向节(UF)的形式公知。
由US 5782696一个具有无凹槽球道的同步万向节是公知的，此时万向节外部件的球道分别具有凸起的弯曲内段并且直到开口侧分别具有与之相反的内凹的弯曲末段。
由DE 197 06 864 C1一个具有无凹槽球道的同步万向节是公知的，此时球道的弯曲中点相对于中心平面轴向移动(偏移)。
汽车制造的发展要求提高所谓的同步万向节的能力。这意味着在给定的结构空间和质量条件下应该提高寿命和功能范围，或者在给定的稳定性和功能范围条件下应该减小结构空间和质量。困难一方面在于万向节大小之间的相互关系，另一方面在于其强度和寿命。
由EP 661 475 A1一个同步万向节以具有凹槽的连续弯曲球道的球笼式同步刚性万向节的形式公知。球的直径为BD并且位于围绕万向节中心M的滚动圆直径BCD上。根据描述，滚动圆直径BCD和球直径BD之间之比一般位于3.1和3.5之间。对同步万向节的高稳定性特别有利的是，选择滚动圆直径BCD和球直径BD之间之比大于3.5。
本发明的任务在于，提出一种先前描述类型的同步万向节，它具有更高的强度和更长的寿命，而不必损害其他的参数。
解决的方案在于一个刚性万向节形式的同步球窝万向节，包括：一个带有外部球道的万向节外部件，球道轴向地以无凹槽的形式构成；一个带有内部球道的万向节内部件，球道轴向地以无凹槽的形式构成；扭矩传递球，它们在分别由外部球道和内部球道形成的球道对中导引，其球中心Z位于围绕万向节中心M的滚动圆直径PCD上且球直径为D；一个带有分布在四周的保持架窗口的球保持架，球安装在保持架窗口中并保持在一个共同的中心平面上；同时滚动圆的直径PCD与球直径D之比位于2.96到3.08之间。
优点在于，球具有一个对于滚动圆直径PCD相对较大的直径。通过这种方式形成了一个特别长的寿命，而不会增大万向节的结构尺寸或质量。同步万向节的球道无凹槽，这样就可以使用非切削的制造方法。此时球道除了弯曲段可以具有与纵轴直线平行延伸的段，或者它可以具有一个直到万向节外部件端面的连续弯曲半径，或者它可以由至少两块互连的不同弯曲段组成。根据本发明的同步万向节特别是具有6只扭矩传递球的万向节。特别有利的是，滚动圆的直径PCD与球直径D之比位于2.97到3.074之间。
根据一个优选的改进，保持架具有一个径向的保持架厚度B，此时保持架的厚度B和滚动圆直径PCD之比位于0.08到0.1之间，有利的是位于0.089和0.094之间。保持架厚度是指球保持架球形内表面和球形外表面之间的径向延伸。优点在于，保持架厚度与滚动圆直径之比相对较大。通过这种方式形成了球保持架扩大的截面积，特别是在窗口之间形成的连接片的区域中，这提高了万向节的强度。
此外保持架厚度B和球直径D之比有利地位于0.27到0.29之间。特别有利的是，所谓的保持架厚度B与球直径D之比位于0.275到0.280之间。由这种构造也形成了一个相对较大的保持架厚度，它能有利地对万向节的强度产生影响。
根据一个优选的改进，与万向节内部件无相对转动地连接的轴具有一个承载轴直径DW，保持架厚度B与承载轴直径DW之间之比位于0.21到0.24之间，有利的是0.218到0.231之间。这种构造同样具有在相同结构尺寸和相同质量条件下提高万向节强度的优点。承载轴直径DW轴向地与在用于与万向节内部件连接的纵向啮合相邻。具体而言就是承载轴直径DW小于纵向啮合的一个最大外径。
下面将根据唯一的图示来描述根据本发明的一个实施例。
这张唯一的图示描述了一个刚性万向节(UF)类型的同步万向节2，它包括：带有外道4的万向节外部件3，带有内道6的万向节内部件5，扭矩传递球7，球分别在由外道4和内道6形成的球道对中导引，以及带有分布在周围的窗口9的球保持架8，球7容纳在窗9中。球7保持在一个共同的中心平面E上并且在万向节弯曲时导引到角平分面上。同时球中心Z位于围绕万向节中心M的滚动圆直径PCD上并且球直径为D。扭矩传递球7和保持架窗口9的个数为6。
万向节外部件3在一侧通过底10封闭，一个用于传递扭矩的万向节销11与其相连。万向节外部件3的开口12轴向上与底10相对。万向节外部件3中分布在周围的外道4是由无凹槽的形式构成并且从开口侧看过去具有与转轴A平行延伸的直线道段和与之相连的弯曲的道段。万向节内部件5中设置的内道6同样是由无凹槽的形式构成并且具有弯曲的道段和与之相连的直线道段，其与纵轴线平行延伸。所有由内道6和外道4成对地形成的球道在朝万向节开口12的方向上扩展。根据本发明的构造然而可以应用到球道朝底部方向敞开的无凹槽刚性万向节上，在这里没有描述。
万向节内部件5包括一个中心开口14，在里面插入了一根作为连接部件的轴15并且借助于一个固定环16将其轴向固定。轴15和万向节内部件5之间的扭矩传递依靠一个纵向啮合部13实现，它在轴向长度上具有一个分级轮廓。此时所描述的纵剖面在图示上半平面中通过轴15啮合部的齿根，在图示下半平面所描述的纵剖面通过齿顶。轴15在与纵向啮合13连接处有逐渐变细的区域，其最小外径为DW，它确定了轴15的承载区。轴15有一根环槽17，这里没有描述的波纹管的第一圈能够卡在其中，并且万向节外部件3有环形的凹口18，这里没有描述的波纹管的第二圈能够固定在上面。波纹管用于密封万向节室。
清楚的是，球中心点Z所位于的滚动圆直径PCD与球直径D的比大约为3.0。对于根据本发明的同步万向节的其他结构尺寸，这个比例位于2.96到3.08之间(2.96＜PCD/D＜3.08)。根据本发明的设计，形成了一个具有高强度和长寿命的同步万向节。
更明显的是，保持架厚度B与滚动圆直径PCD之比为0.09。对于其他结构尺寸的万向节，这个比例最小为0.08，最大为0.1(0.08＜B/PCD＜0.1)。
此外保持架厚度B和球直径D之比大约为0.275。根据本发明的万向节的其他结构尺寸可以具有的保持架厚度B和球直径D之比为0.27和0.28之间(0.27＜B/D＜0.28)。
本发明的保持架厚度B和承载轴直径DW之比大约为0.23，对于图示同步万向节的其他结构尺寸，这个比例最小可以为0.21，最大可以为0.24(0.21＜B/DW＜0.24)。
根据本发明的同步万向节的特点是具有相对较大的球直径，这可以延长寿命。同时由此产生的较长的保持架窗口的缺点通过较大的径向保持架厚度来克服，这样可以提高保持架的强度。总的来说，根据本发明的同步万向节在相同的或者的较小的结构尺寸和质量下具有长寿命和高强度。
附图标记清单
1
2同步万向节
3万向节外部件
4外道
5万向节内部件
6内道
7球
8球保持架
9窗口
10底
11万向节销
12开口
13纵向啮合部
14开口
15轴
16固定环
17环槽
18凹口
A转轴
D球直径
B保持架厚度
M万向节中心
E平面
DW轴直径
PCD滚动圆直径
Z球中心

Claims (7)

1.刚性万向节形式的同步球窝万向节，包括：带有外部球道(4)的万向节外部件(3)，外部球道轴向地以无凹槽的形式构成；带有内部球道(6)的万向节内部件(5)，内部球道轴向地以无凹槽的形式构成；扭矩传递球(7)，它们分别在由外部球道和内部球道(4，6)形成的球道对中导引，其球中心(Z)位于围绕万向节中心(M)的滚动圆直径(PCD)上且其具有球直径(D)；带有分布在周围的保持架窗口(9)的球保持架(8)，球(7)容纳在保持架窗口(9)中并保持在共同的中心平面(E)上，其特征在于，滚动圆的直径(PCD)与球直径(D)之比位于2.96到3.08之间(2.96＜PCD/D＜3.08)。
2.如权利要求1所述的同步万向节，其特征在于，球保持架具有径向的保持架厚度(B)，保持架的厚度(B)和滚动圆直径(PCD)之比位于0.08到0.1之间(0.08＜B/PCD＜0.1)。
3.如权利要求1或者2所述的同步万向节，其特征在于，球保持架具有径向的保持架厚度(B)，保持架厚度(B)和球直径(D)之比位于0.27到0.29之间(0.27＜B/D＜0.29)。
4.如权利要求1到3之一所述的同步万向节，其特征在于，球保持架(8)在窗口(9)区域具有径向的保持架厚度(B)，与万向节内部件无相对转动地连接的轴(15)具有承载轴直径(DW)，保持架厚度(B)与承载轴直径(DW)之比位于0.21到0.24之间((0.21＜B/DW＜0.24))。
5.如权利要求4所述的同步万向节，其特征在于，承载轴直径(DW)轴向地与用于同万向节内部件(5)连接的纵向啮合部(13)相邻。
6.如权利要求5所述的同步万向节，其特征在于，承载轴直径(DW)小于纵向啮合部的最大外径。
7.如权利要求1到6之一所述的同步万向节，其特征在于，扭矩传递球(7)的个数为6。
CNA2005800516457A 2005-09-23 2005-09-23 优化的具有无凹槽球道的同步刚性万向节 Pending CN101321964A (zh)

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US (1) US8075411B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1926920B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2009509106A (zh)
CN (1) CN101321964A (zh)
AT (1) ATE487887T1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0520548B1 (zh)
DE (1) DE502005010536D1 (zh)
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ATE487887T1 (de) 2010-11-15
EP1926920A1 (de) 2008-06-04
EP1926920B1 (de) 2010-11-10
JP2009509106A (ja) 2009-03-05
DE502005010536D1 (de) 2010-12-23
BRPI0520548B1 (pt) 2018-11-13
US8075411B2 (en) 2011-12-13
US20090298598A1 (en) 2009-12-03
BRPI0520548A2 (pt) 2009-05-12
WO2007036237A1 (de) 2007-04-05

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