CN101321891A - 具有快速温度变化的衬底支撑结构 - Google Patents
具有快速温度变化的衬底支撑结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括具有快速温度变化能力的衬底支撑结构的半导体反应腔室。本发明的方法和部件可用于衬底沉积和使用变化温度的相关工艺。根据本发明的优点,本发明的反应腔室和衬底支撑结构可在短的时间周期内改变温度,从而使得更快的处理时间。衬底支撑结构一般包括由构造为允许大于约10℃/秒的快速温度变化的材料形成的底座表面。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及衬底处理设备领域。更具体地,本发明涉及与半导体衬底处理设备使用的衬底支撑结构。
背景技术
III-V族半导体正越来越多地应用在光发射二极管和激光二极管中。特定的III-V半导体,诸如氮化镓(GaN),成为用于生产包括蓝光和紫外发射光器件和光电器件的较短波长LED和LD的重要材料。因此,存在不断增长的兴趣在于发展形成低成本、高质量III-V半导体膜的制造工艺。
金属-有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)可用于形成III-V氮化物膜。MOCVD使用适当挥发性的III族金属-氧化物前驱物,诸如三甲基镓(TMGa)或三甲基铝(TMAl)向衬底输送III族金属,在该衬底上III族金属与氮前驱物(例如;铵)反应而形成III-V氮化物膜。两种或多种不同III族金属有机的前驱物(例如,Ga、Al、In等)可化合以形成GaN的合金膜(例如,AlGaN、InGaN等),以及掺杂剂也可更易于与前驱物化合以沉积原位掺杂的膜层。
III-V氮化物膜沉积的不同步骤要求根据正在制造的器件的特点在变化温度下处理步骤的执行。然而,传统的设计具有缺点,其导致以例如,温度变化之间的回转时间、杂质、界面处的生长终止等为术语的限制。
发明内容
为了部分地解决所述缺点,在本发明的第一技术方案中提供用于III-V氮化物膜沉积在半导体处理设备中使用的具有快速温度变化能力的半导体支撑结构。
衬底支撑结构一般包括构造的底座表面以使得温度变化大于约10℃/秒。根据特定实施方式,构造底座从而使得大于约20℃/秒的快速温度变化,或在其他实施方式中,大于约25℃/秒的快速温度变化。进一步,在特定实施方式中,底座由约1mm到约5mm厚的平台组成。
在特定的技术方案中,底座包括加热器元件以有助于加热期间均匀的温度分布。
在本发明的另一技术方案中,提供III-V氮化物膜沉积中使用的半导体处理设备。该半导体处理设备一般包括:罩、衬底支撑结构,其配置为支撑放置在罩内的至少一个衬底晶圆;至少一个加热器,配置为在处理期间加热衬底支撑结构和至少一个衬底晶圆;以及气体输送系统,配置为在处理期间向罩输送工艺气体。衬底支撑结构包括底座表面,配置为使得大于约10℃/秒的快速温度变化。
在本发明的再一实施方式中,提供在III-V氮化物膜沉积中使用的包括本发明半导体处理设备的LED集束设备。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,提供一种用于在单个半导体处理设备中实施多步骤III-V氮化物膜工艺的方法,其中在至少之一工艺在不同于其他工艺的温度下实施。该方法一般包括:提供用于III-V氮化物膜沉积的本发明的半导体处理设备;在半导体腔室内的衬底支撑结构上定位半导体晶圆;在第一温度下在罩内实施第一工艺;将半导体处理设备的设定温度修改为第二温度并使得半导体衬底支架在大于约10℃/秒的温度变化速率下到达第二温度;以及在罩内在第二温度下实施至少第二工艺。
在特定的技术方案中,与工艺步骤期间使用小于10℃/秒的温度变化所沉积的III-V氮化物膜相比,工艺步骤期间大于约10℃/秒的温度变化导致在生长终止界面具有低薄膜杂质的III-V氮化物膜。
本发明的这些和其他技术方案将在整个本发明的说明书中更详细以及结合下面附图更具体描述。
附图说明
图1提供GaN基LED的示意图;
图2是可以用于实施本发明的特定实施方式的示例性CVD装置的简化表示图;
图3提供在本发明的实施方式中使用的多腔室集束设备的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的实施方式在单个腔室中实施多步骤MOCVD工艺的示例性方法的流程图;
图5是根据本发明的实施方式的刻蚀温度变化与传统的温度变化的对比图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明,提供涉及衬底处理设备领域的技术和方法。更具体地,本发明涉及在半导体处理设备中使用的具有温度变化能力的衬底支撑结构。仅作为示例,本发明的方法和部件可用于使用变化的温度的III-V氮化物膜的生长中。根据本发明的优点,本发明的衬底处理设备和衬底支撑结构可在短的时间周期内达到温度,从而使得更快的处理时间。
在本发明的特定技术方案中,氮化物膜可在蓝宝石、SiC或Si衬底上通过例如,MOVPE或MOCVD(金属-有机气相外延或金属-有机化学气相沉积)来沉积用于可见LED、近紫外激光二极管和高功率晶体管。III-V氮化物膜例如GaN基LED的MOCVD生长典型地包含数个温度变化步骤,例如,当非晶态缓冲层和厚的晶体GaN的生长之间,以及另外InGaN多量子阱(MQW)有源区和周围的材料之间的调节时。反应腔室内的温度变化速率一般受晶圆支架和底座结构限制,其一般是热量很大的。
不意在于通过理论限制,具有快速温度变化的本发明的衬底支撑结构提供较短的沉积实施次数,并且减少的加热和冷却次数。增加的效率还解释为沉积处理期间略微较慢的氨和烷基的消耗。
另外,由于沉积步骤期间的快速温度变化可获得例如蓝宝石上GaN外延膜的改善的结构质量。例如,更少的GaN可能随着用于n-GaN的沉积的温度上升而蒸发。另外,在发生温度变化的界面处的较短生长终止还可改善材料质量,例如,通过最小化在这些界面处杂质的聚集。另外,温度变化可以用作控制膜的特征的参数。例如,InGaN量子阱/势垒成分可通过温度调制而不是流动变化,或者非晶态缓冲层到微晶的固相外延转换来控制。
1.示例性III-V氮化物膜结构
一个典型的III-V氮化物基膜结构在图1中作为GaN基LED结构100示出。其制造在蓝宝石(0001)衬底104上。n型GaN层112沉积在形成于衬底上的GaN缓冲层108上。该器件的有源区具体地位于多量子阱层116中,在附图中示出包括InGaN层。pn结由上覆的p型GaN层124,与作为接触层的AlGaN层120形成。
用于所述LED的典型制造工艺可以使用接着处理腔室中衬底104的清洗的金属有机化学气相沉积工艺(“MOCVD”)。MOCVD沉积通过向处理腔室提供合适的前驱物气流以及使用热处理获得沉积而完成。例如,GaN层可使用Ga和N前驱物来沉积,以及在前驱物中,可以伴随如N2、H2和/或NH3的流动气体;InGaN层可使用Ga、N来沉积,以及在前驱物中,可伴随流动气体的流动;以及AlGaN层可使用Ga、N和Al前驱物沉积,同时可以伴随流动气体。在所示的结构100中,GaN缓冲层108具有约的厚度,以及可在约550℃下沉积。在一个实施方式中,n-GaN层112的后续沉积典型地在更高温度下执行,诸如约1050℃。n-GaN层112是较厚的,并且厚度的沉积以4μm需要约140分钟的数量级。InGaN多量子阱层116可具有约的厚度,可在约750℃下经过约40分钟的周期沉积。P-AlGaN层120可具有约的厚度,可在950℃下沉积约5分钟。在一个实施方式中完成结构的接触层124的厚度可以是约0.4μm,以及可以在约1050℃下沉积约25分钟。
2.示例性衬底处理系统
图2是示例性化学气相沉积(“CVD”)系统的简化图,其描述可以实施单独的沉积步骤的腔室的基本结构。该系统适合于实施加热、亚大气CVD(“SACVD”)工艺,以及其他工艺,诸如回流、打入,清洗、刻蚀、沉积和聚集工艺。在一些实施例中,多步骤工艺仍可在单独腔室为转移至另一腔室而移除之前的单独腔室内实施。系统的主要部件包括,另外,真空腔室215,其接收来自气体或蒸气输送系统220的工艺气体和其他气体,真空系统225和控制系统(未示出)。这些和其他部件将在下文更详细描述。虽然为描述的目的附图示出仅单个腔室的结构,将可以理解具有相似结构的多个腔室可以提供作为集束设备的零件。然而,应当理解本发明不是限制性的,例如,可以使用非真空腔室,以及本发明的衬底支撑结构和方法可以在如果需要的大气压力下执行。
CVD装置包括罩组件237,其形成具有气体反应区216的真空腔室215。气体分配结构221朝通过一般构造为底座的衬底支撑结构208固定在适当位置的一个或多个衬底209分散反应性气体和其他气体,诸如清洗气体。气体分配结构221和衬底209之间是气体反应区216。加热器226可以在不同的位置之间可控地移动以容许不同的沉积工艺以及用于刻蚀或清洗工艺。中心板(未示出)包括用于提供关于衬底位置的信息的传感器。
不同的结构可用于加热器226。例如,本发明的一些实施方式有利地使用紧邻的一对板并设置在衬底支撑结构208的相对侧以为一个或多个衬底209的相对侧提供独立的热源。仅作为示例,在特定的实施方式中该板可包括蓝宝石或SiC。在另一实施例中,加热器226包括封闭在陶瓷中的电阻加热元件(未示出)。陶瓷保护加热元件隔离可能的腐蚀性腔室环境并且允许加热器获得上达约1200℃的温度。在示例性实施方式中。暴露于真空腔室215的加热器226的所有表面由陶瓷材料形成,诸如铝氧化物(Al2O3或氧化铝)或铝氮化物。在另外其他实施方式中,可以优选地使用辐射灯加热器(未示出),其放置在在不同位置以快速加热衬底支撑结构。所述灯加热器设置能获得大于1200℃的温度,这可有益于特定的具体应用。可选地,裸线金属灯丝加热元件,其由诸如钨、铼、铱、钍或其合金的折射金属构成,可以用于加热衬底。
在本发明的特定技术方案中,一个或多个加热器226可任选地结合在衬底支撑结构208中,从而部分地促使本发明的快速温度变化。可选地,罩组件237中的一个或多个加热器226的结构和/或位置可部分地促使本发明的刻蚀温度变化。
反应性和载气通过供应管从气体或蒸气输送系统220提供给气体分配结构221。在一些实施例中,供应管可在气体输送至气体分配结构之前输送给气体混合箱以混合气体。在其他实施例中,供应管可独立地向气体分配结构诸如在以下描述的喷头结构中输送气体。气体或蒸气输送系统220包括多种源和合适的供应管以向腔室215输送每个源的所选量气体,如由本领域技术人员可理解的。一般地,用于每个源的供应管包括关闭阀,其可用于自动或人工关闭向其相联管的气体流动,以及质量流量控制器或其他类型控制器,其可测量通过供应管的气体或流体的流动。取决于通过系统执行的工艺,一些源可以实际为液体或固体源而不是气体。当使用液体源时,气体输送系统包括液体注入系统或其他合适的机构(例如,起泡器)以蒸发液体。来自液体的蒸气随后通常与载气混合,如本领域技术人员将可以理解。在沉积处理期间,提供给气体分配结构221的气体朝衬底表面通气(如箭头223所示),其中气体可以以层流流动在这个衬底表面上而径向均匀分布。
清洗气体可以从气体分配结构221和/或从进气口或管(未示出)通过罩组件237的底壁输送至真空腔室215。从腔室215底部导入的清洗气体从进气口经过加热器226向上流动并流向环形泵管道240。包括真空泵(未示出)的真空系统225,通过排气管260排出气体(如箭头224所示)。废气和残留的颗粒从环形泵管道240经过排气管260排出的速率通过节流阀系统263而控制。
沉积腔室215的壁和周围结构,诸如排气通道的温度,可进一步通过循环经过腔室壁中的管道的热交换液体而控制。热交换液体可根据所需的效果而用于加热或冷却腔室壁。例如,热流体有助于在热沉积工艺期间维持均匀的热梯度,而且冷却流体可用于在其他工艺期间从系统去除热量,或限制腔室壁上的沉积产物的形成。气体分配歧管221还具有热交换通道(未示出)。典型的热交换流体,水基乙二醇混合物、油基传热流体或相似流体。所述加热,称为通过“热交换”加热,有益地减少或消除不期望的反应物产物的冷凝并促进工艺气体和其他污染物的挥发性产物的消除,如果它们凝结在冷却真空通道的壁上并在没有气体流动的过程期间返回至处理腔室可能污染工艺。
系统控制器控制沉积系统的工作和操作参数。系统控制器可包括计算机处理器和耦合至处理器的计算机可读存储器。处理器执行系统控制软件,诸如存储在存储器中的计算机程序。工艺根据系统控制器软件(程序)运行,该软件包括指示时间、气体混合物、腔室压力、腔室温度、微波功率级别、基座位置和特定工艺的其他参数的计算机指令。经过控制线实现这些和其他参数的控制,该控制线将系统控制器与加热器、节流阀和与气体输送系统220关联的不同阀和质量流量控制器通讯连接。
集束设备的物理结构在图3中示例性示出。在该示图中,集束设备300包括三个处理腔室304和两个附加的工作台308,以及机械手312,其适于在腔室304和工作台308之间实现衬底的传送。该结构使得在限定的周围环境中,包括真空条件下,存在任选的气体中,在限定的温度条件下等实现传送。在特定的实施方式中,可为传送腔室提供光学进出口,其中通过窗口310实现所述传送。各种光学元件可以包括在传送腔室内或外部以视需要定向光。
3.具有快速温度变化的衬底支撑结构
现回到根据本发明特定技术方案的特定的反应腔室和罩,图2描述了可用于例如,III-V氮化物膜如GaN基LED的MOCVD沉积的示例性半导体罩的前透视图。然而,罩和相关的部件不限于所述MOCVD处理。在一个实施方式中,真空腔室215一般包括衬底支撑结构208,诸如底座,以及可包括任意适合的半导体反应腔室或罩。在使用中,衬底支撑结构208配置为支撑一个或多个衬底晶圆209,以及表现出快速的温度变化以使得沉积和处理。在特定的实施方式中,衬底支撑结构208可包括底座,该底座构造为支撑一个或多个衬底晶圆,诸如蓝宝石晶圆,以及可包括构造的一个或多个支撑槽口以保持所述晶圆。如由本领域技术人员所理解,加热器(多个)226,将包括可控加热器元件以可控地加热衬底支撑结构208和衬底晶圆(多个)209至预期设定值温度。在特定的实施方式中,衬底支撑结构208,例如,底座,可结合加热器元件(未示出)。在特定的实施方式中,加热器元件可用于促进加热期间温度均匀性。任意适合的加热器元件可结合至衬底支撑结构中,例如,电子加热器元件可结合至底座的材料中,以及可以可控仅加热底座或者结合反应器腔室罩中设置的其他加热器(多个)226。
本发明的衬底支撑结构208可通常由镍-铁合金、石英、硅、硅碳化物或碳合成物等低的热质量材料形成。作为示例,在特定的实施方式中,衬底支撑结构208可以是约1-5mm厚,例如,约2-4mm,约3-5mm,约3mm厚等,并表现出热质量从而获得具有大于约10℃/秒,大于约15℃/秒,大于约20℃/秒,大于约25℃/秒等基本上均匀的温度加热衬底支撑结构。可以获得同样的冷却速率(例如,大于约10℃/秒,大于约15℃/秒,大于约20℃/秒,大于约25℃/秒等)。这种更快地改变温度的能力在处理期间需要改变半导体反应腔室的温度的情形下是非常重要的优点。
根据本发明的特定实施方式,衬底支撑结构由具有低热质量的材料形成从而允许快速的温度变化(例如,大于约10℃/秒,大于约15℃/秒,大于约20℃/秒,大于约25℃/秒等)。在特定的实施方式中,热质量可以是使得具有例如30-50kW功率的MOCVD反应器加热器可以大于例如,10℃/秒,20℃/秒等的速率加热质量,同时允许同样的冷却速率。如本文使用的,热质量是单位质量升高一开尔文所需的热能量的测量。如本文所述,在特定的实施方式中,反应器内一个或多个加热器可以是辐射灯加热器,以及衬底支撑结构可以配置为仅通过所述辐射灯加热器或结合额外的加热器源在预期的快速温度变化下加热。
参照图4,本发明的另外其他实施方式涉及用于在本文所述的单个半导体反应腔室中实施多个,例如,III-V氮化物膜沉积或其他相关工艺的方法400,其中至少之一工艺在不同于其他工艺的温度下执行。所述方法一般包括用于第一工艺402在半导体反应腔室内在本发明的衬底支撑结构上定位至少第一半导体晶圆以及在反应腔室中第一温度404下执行第一工艺。接着第一工艺,将该工艺的设定值温度修改至第二温度406。反应腔室、晶圆和/或衬底支撑结构(根据监控的值,如通过本领域的技术人员认识的)随后允许在根据本发明408的例如大于约10℃/秒,大于约15℃/秒,大于约20℃/秒,大于约25℃/秒等的温度变化速率下到达其温度设定值。一旦衬底支撑结构达到温度设定值,则在第二温度410下执行第二工艺。
额外的工艺步骤可以可选地执行,例如,在改变设定值之前的第一温度、在第二温度、在第三温度,第四温度下等。另外,视需要在不同的步骤可以处理多个衬底晶圆。例如,在温度设定值变化之间,可以改变衬底晶圆。
实施例
提供以下实施例以描述结合本发明描述的一般面板和系统可怎样用于快速温度平衡。然而,本发明不限于所述的实施例。
对比的多个阶段沉积在图5中示出,其中实线说明具有多个处理步骤的代表性快速温度变化沉积工艺,同时虚线表示传统的温度变化(例如,小于约5℃/秒)。如图所示,根据本发明的快速温度变化可导致较短的处理时间。另外,部分由于较短的过渡周期,可以使得较少的GaN从α-GaN成核层蒸发。
已描述了数个实施方式,本领域的技术人员将可认识到,在不偏离本发明的精神范围内可以使用各种改进、可选的结构和等同物。另外,为避免不必要地使本发明不清晰,没有对许多公知的工艺和元件没有进行描述。因此,以上描述不应当认为是限定本发明的范围。
在提供值的范围的情形,应当理解每个中间值,到下限的单位的十分之一,除非上下文明确表示,否则,该范围的上限和下限之间同样具体地公开。包含任意规定的值或在所规定的范围的中间值和任意其他规定的值或在该规定的范围中的中间值之间的每个较小范围。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包含在或排除在该范围中,以及在上限和下限任一,两者都不或两者都包含在较小范围中的情形下每个范围也包含在本发明内,属于该规定范围中任意特定地排除在外的界限。在规定的范围包括界限的其中之一或两个界限,也包括除所述包含的界限的任一或两者外的范围。
Claims (24)
1.在用于III-V氮化物膜的沉积的半导体处理设备中使用的具有快速温度变化能力的衬底支撑表面,所述半导体支撑表面包括:
底座表面,其构造为允许大于约10℃/秒的快速温度变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约15℃/秒的快速温度变化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约20℃/秒的快速温度变化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述底座由约1mm到约5mm厚的平板组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述底座包括加热器,以有助于加热期间均匀的温度分布。
6.根据权利要求1所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述衬底支撑表面包括镍-铁合金、石英、硅、硅碳化物或碳化合物。
7.一种用于III-V氮化物膜沉积的半导体处理设备,所述半导体处理设备包括:
罩;
衬底支撑结构,其配置为支撑放置在所述罩内的至少一个衬底晶圆;
至少一个加热器,配置为在处理期间加热所述衬底支撑结构以及至少一个衬底晶圆;以及
气体输送系统,配置为在处理期间向所述罩输送工艺气体;
其中所述衬底支撑结构包括底座表面,构造为允许大于约10℃/秒的快速温度变化。
8.根据权利要求7所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约15℃/秒的快速温度变化。
9.根据权利要求7所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约20℃/秒的快速温度变化。
10.根据权利要求7所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述底座包括镍-铁合金、石英、硅、硅碳化物或碳化合物。
11.根据权利要求7所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个加热器是辐射灯加热器。
12.根据权利要求7所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述底座由约1mm到约5mm厚的平板组成。
13.根据权利要求7所述的衬底支撑表面,其特征在于,所述底座包括加热器,以有助于加热期间均匀的温度分布。
14.一种用于在III-V氮化物膜的沉积中使用的包括半导体处理设备的LED集束设备,所述半导体处理设备包括:
罩;
衬底支撑结构,其配置为支撑放置在所述罩内的至少一个衬底晶圆;
至少一个加热器,配置为在处理期间加热所述衬底支撑结构以及至少一个衬底晶圆;以及
气体输送系统,配置为在处理期间向所述罩输送工艺气体;
其中所述衬底支撑结构包括底座表面,构造为允许大于约10℃/秒的快速温度变化。
15.根据权利要求14所述的LED集束设备,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约15℃/秒的快速温度变化。
16.根据权利要求14所述的LED集束设备,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约20℃/秒的快速温度变化。
17.根据权利要求14所述的LED集束设备,其特征在于,所述衬底支撑结构包括镍-铁合金、石英、硅、硅碳化物或碳化合物。
18.根据权利要求14所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述至少一个加热器是辐射灯加热器。
19.根据权利要求14所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述底座由约1mm到约5mm厚的平板组成。
20.根据权利要求14所述的半导体处理设备,其特征在于,所述底座包括加热器元件以有助于加热期间均匀的温度分布。
21.一种用于在单个半导体处理设备中执行多个半导体III-V氮化物膜沉积的方法,其中至少之一工艺在不同于其他工艺的温度下执行,该方法包括:
提供在III-V氮化物膜的沉积中使用的半导体处理设备,所述半导体处理设备包括:
罩;
衬底支撑结构,其配置为支撑放置在所述罩内的至少一个衬底晶圆;
至少一个加热器,配置为在处理期间加热所述衬底支撑结构以及至少一个衬底晶圆;以及
气体输送系统,配置为在处理期间向所述罩输送工艺气体;
其中所述衬底支撑结构包括底座表面,构造为允许大于约10℃/秒的快速温度变化;
在半导体反应腔室内的衬底支撑结构上放置第一半导体晶圆;
在第一温度下在反应腔室内执行第一工艺;
将所述半导体处理设备的设定值温度修改至第二温度并使得所述半导体衬底支架以大于约10℃/秒的温度变化速率到达第二温度;以及
在第二温度下在所述反应腔室内执行至少第二工艺。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约约15℃/秒的快速温度变化。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述底座构造为允许大于约约20℃/秒的快速温度变化。
24.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,与在工艺步骤期间使用小于10℃/秒的温度变化所沉积的III-V氮化物膜相比,在工艺步骤期间大于约10℃/秒的温度变化导致在生长终止界面处具有较低薄膜杂质的III-V氮化物膜。
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US11/552,474 US20080092819A1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2006-10-24 | Substrate support structure with rapid temperature change |
US11/552,474 | 2006-10-24 |
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EP (1) | EP2099951A2 (zh) |
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EP2099951A2 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
KR20120046733A (ko) | 2012-05-10 |
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US20080092819A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
WO2008051670A3 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
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