CN101316675B - 铣刀头 - Google Patents

铣刀头 Download PDF

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CN101316675B
CN101316675B CN2006800443003A CN200680044300A CN101316675B CN 101316675 B CN101316675 B CN 101316675B CN 2006800443003 A CN2006800443003 A CN 2006800443003A CN 200680044300 A CN200680044300 A CN 200680044300A CN 101316675 B CN101316675 B CN 101316675B
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blade
milling head
clamping
tool rest
section
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CN101316675A (zh
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马库斯·海因洛特
拉尔夫·克勒策尔
赫尔穆特·克莱因
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Kennametal Widia GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/06—Milling crankshafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2265—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts by means of a wedge
    • B23C5/2278—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts by means of a wedge for plate-like cutting inserts fitted on an intermediate carrier, e.g. shank fixed in the cutter body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/24—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable
    • B23C5/2462—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts adjustable the adjusting means being oblique surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/205—Discontinuous cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
    • B23C2210/54—Configuration of the cutting part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23C2222/04—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23C2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/31—Diamond
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2240/00—Details of connections of tools or workpieces
    • B23C2240/08—Brazed connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908—Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1912—Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/1914—Radially
    • Y10T407/1916—And axially
    • Y10T407/1918—Selectively
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1932—Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool with means to fasten tool seat to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19—Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1952—Having peripherally spaced teeth
    • Y10T407/1962—Specified tooth shape or spacing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2284—Wedge clamp element

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种铣刀头，用于曲轴的垂直的车铣加工，包括三个嵌入基体(10)的凹槽内的刀座(11)，所述刀座分别包括一个杆部和一个头部，刀片(12)相应焊接到所述刀座的头部上。刀座(11)能分别通过一个楔形体(14)轴向调节并且能借助于夹紧元件固定在铣刀头中，所述刀座以彼此相对120°的角度进行设置。一个夹紧环(17)以及一个夹紧件作为夹紧元件用于夹紧刀座，该夹紧件设置在中间并且具有三个夹紧面，所述夹紧面贴靠在刀座的相应的夹紧面上。三个刀片(12、12′)中的仅一个或者两个刀片倒角，并且所述倒角的刀片具有一个关于铣刀头轴线沿径向位于外部的较长的部段和一个沿径向位于内部的较短的部段，该较短的部段以3°至7°倒角。未倒角的刀片直线地构成。

Description

铣刀头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铣刀头，包括多个嵌入基体的凹槽内的刀座，刀片相应焊接到所述刀座上，其中刀座分别通过一个楔形体可轴向调节并且借助于夹紧元件可固定在铣刀头内。
背景技术
在原理方面由DE 4003862 C2已知一种这样的铣刀头。在那里所述刀头中用于刀座的凹槽从其基体的一个端面平行于其旋转轴线并且离圆周一定距离延伸，其中所用刀片的刀刃仅仅略微突出于基体的端面。其次用于夹紧的圆形楔的轴线分别相对于携带刀片的刀片载体的轴线倾斜设置。最后还分别设置另一个带用于轴向调整每一个刀片的差动螺钉的圆形楔，并设置在一个凹槽内，该凹槽从基体的圆周径向朝内延伸。为了轴向调整和径向向外定向地夹紧，采用几何形状相同的圆形楔。这种刀头的优点是，由于安装刀座的凹槽的位置平行于基体的旋转轴线，所以只出现沿径向的离心力，而没有轴向分量。这些力可以很好地承受，因为凹槽不直接位于基体圆周上，而是在径向向内离圆周一定距离处。这种铣刀头是为极高转速和出现离心力设计的。可以有利地沿轴向精确调整切削元件，而不与径向分量重叠。
这种铣刀用在没有轴向进给、带有偏心的刀具定位的垂直的车铣加工中，尤其是用在汽车曲轴制造中。因此工件在一个或多个循环中用开头所述的多刀片的铣刀进行加工。工件相对于铣刀绕其纵轴线旋转，该纵轴线垂直于铣刀旋转轴线。因为铣刀头的刀片的点在不同半径上环绕，得到不同的切削弧长，这提供了对于刀刃沿其长度的不均匀的应力并且结果提供不均匀的磨损。
在制造技术中通过切削加工制造的最终产品如尤其是曲轴的价格通过多个因素确定，刀具成本和改装成本也属于此。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是改善按开头所述类型的铣刀头，使得可实现较长的切削寿命。
按本发明提出一种铣刀头，用于曲轴的垂直的车铣加工，包括三个嵌入基体的凹槽内的刀座，所述刀座分别包括一个杆部和一个头部，刀片相应焊接到所述刀座的头部上，其中刀座能分别通过一个楔形体轴向调节并且能借助于夹紧元件固定在铣刀头中，所述刀座以彼此相对120°的角度进行设置，一个夹紧环以及一个夹紧件作为夹紧元件用于夹紧刀座，该夹紧件设置在中间并且具有三个夹紧面，所述夹紧面贴靠在刀座的相应的夹紧面上，三个刀片中的仅一个或者两个刀片倒角，并且所述倒角的刀片关于铣刀头轴线具有一个沿径向位于外部的较长的部段和一个沿径向位于内部的较短的部段，该较短的部段以3°至7°、优选5°倒角，使得两个部段构成177°至173°、优选175°的角度，而未倒角的刀片直线地构成。通过这种措施，较短的刀刃部段在开始插入配备有新的刀片的铣刀头时离开切削过程。较长的刀刃执行精切削并且因此比较短的刀刃更快磨损。通过按本发明的措施，凸的表面轮廓持久地适配磨削过程并且从而保持较长的切削接触时间。
优选倒角的刀片的较短的部段与较长的部段的比例选择在4∶17与6∶17之间，优选为5∶17。
根据本发明的具体的实施形式，对此后面还要讨论，铣刀头具有三个带有刀片的刀座，所述刀座以彼此120°的角度进行设置。三个刀片中的一个或者两个倒角，而未倒角的刀片直线地构成。
另外对于减少磨损起作用的是，刀片的端部优选在形成0.1mm的半径的情况下进行倒圆和/或刀刃本身优选在形成0.01mm的半径的情况下进行倒圆。
按本发明另一实施形式，刀片由硬质合金体、CBN体或者PKD体构成(CNB为立方氮化硼、PKD为多晶金刚石)。
按本发明，刀刃的沿径向位于外部的区域在最大1mm、优选0.5mm的区段上以12°的倒角倾斜。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细解释其它的优点和实施例。其中：
图1显示具有三个刀座的铣刀头的透视图，
图2显示按图1的铣刀头的俯视图，
图3显示按图1的铣刀头的线条模型的视图，
图4显示刀座相对于夹紧件和用于轴向调节的楔形体的位置的原理图，
图5显示具有一个倒角的刀片的刀座的侧视图，
图6显示刀片倒角的详细视图，
图7显示按图4的刀座的刀片的详细视图
具体实施方式
铣刀头10主要包括一个基体10，在该基体内设置分别具有焊接的刀片12的三个刀座11。刀座11相应地嵌入平行于纵轴线13设置的孔内。基本上沿径向方向或者轻微倾斜于径向方向地在基体10内设置另外的孔，在所述另外的孔内设置楔形体14，所述楔形体通过一个调节螺钉15、优选一个双螺纹螺钉可沿轴向方向移动。如由图4可见，楔形体14具有楔面16，所述楔面倾斜于基体的径向平面延伸，使得在楔形体14径向运动时刀座11可以沿其纵轴线、也就是说可以沿径向方向移动。一个夹紧环17(见图1和2)以及一个夹紧件18用于夹紧刀座11，该夹紧件设置在中间并且具有三个夹紧面19，所述夹紧面贴靠在刀座的相应的夹紧面20上。夹紧件18可以借助于一个优选构成为双螺纹螺钉的螺钉21进行固定。夹紧件18在描述的实施例中用于固定三个刀座11，所述刀座分别具有一个封闭的表面20。通过夹紧件的结构和以三角形形状的夹紧面19的布置，实现刀片、刀座在彼此120°角的情况下的精确的定向。每个刀座可以通过圆形楔14和配属于此圆形楔的螺钉15进行轴向调节。构成套筒形的张紧环17用于轴向平行地定向切削嵌件或者刀座。基体10和张紧环17在张紧的状态下具有彼此贴靠的圆柱表面。如图4显示的那样，刀座11径向在外部也具有一个窄的磨削的表面21，该表面沿轴向延伸。表面21保证在张紧环与切削嵌件之间的双重的线接触。至少基本上直线延伸的刀片12与倒角的刀片12′的区别尤其由图6和7变得清楚。刀片12几乎在其整个长度上直线延伸，并且例如在刀片总长度8.5mm的情况下仅在0.5mm的最小的位于外部的区域上具有一个仅倾斜12°的倒角，并且在另外的端部上具有带有0.1mm的半径R的角部圆弧，而由图5和6可知，在沿径向位于内部的端部上长度b的刀刃段以5°倒角，该刀刃段在8.5mm长的刀刃长度中延伸超过2.5mm。附加地，角部还在形成0.1mm的半径的情况下进行倒圆。
在描述的实施例中仅一个刀片在尺寸b上倒角，相反另外两个刀片(除了短程的倒角a以及棱边倒圆之外)直线地延伸。
但是按另一种选择也包含这种铣刀头，其中三个刀片中的两个根据在图5和6中的视图倒角。如果铣刀头用在垂直的车铣加工或者轴向进给和偏心定位刀具中，那么尤其可以产生带有明显较小的车铣加工的外直径的曲轴圆周面。
描述的铣刀尤其用于垂直的车铣加工加工，但是也用于精铣铝工件。按本发明铣刀的一种特别的应用可能性是曲轴的端部加工(取代磨削)，尤其可以取代湿磨削，该湿磨削具有这样的缺点，即污染的冷却剂必须耗费成本地和耗费工作地进行去除。按本发明的铣刀头满足对循环(Rundlauf)、表面质量、轴颈凸性的高要求以及允许经济的批量制造。

Claims (9)

1.铣刀头，用于曲轴的垂直的车铣加工，包括三个嵌入基体(10)的凹槽内的刀座(11)，所述刀座分别包括一个杆部和一个头部，刀片(12)相应焊接到所述刀座的头部上，其中刀座(11)能分别通过一个楔形体(14)轴向调节并且能借助于夹紧元件固定在铣刀头中，所述刀座以彼此相对120°的角度进行设置，一个夹紧环(17)以及一个夹紧件(18)作为夹紧元件用于夹紧刀座(11)，该夹紧件设置在中间并且具有三个夹紧面(19)，所述夹紧面贴靠在刀座的相应的夹紧面(20)上，其特征在于：三个刀片(12、12′)中的仅一个或者两个刀片倒角，并且所述倒角的刀片(12a)具有一个关于铣刀头轴线沿径向位于外部的较长的部段(c)和一个沿径向位于内部的较短的部段(b)，该较短的部段(b)以3°至7°倒角，使得两个部段(b、c)构成177°至173°的角度，而未倒角的刀片直线地构成。
2.按权利要求1所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：倒角的刀片的较短的部段(b)与较长的部段(c)的长度比例在4∶17与6∶17之间。
3.按权利要求1所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：沿径向位于内部的部段以5°倒角，使得两个部段(b、c)构成175°的角度。
4.按权利要求1所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：各刀片(12、12′)的端部进行倒圆。
5.按权利要求4所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：各刀片(12、12′)的端部倒圆形成0.1mm的半径。
6.按权利要求1所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：刀刃进行倒圆。
7.按权利要求6所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：刀刃倒圆形成0.01mm的半径。
8.按权利要求1所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：刀刃的沿径向位于外部的区域(a)在最大1mm的区段上以12°的倒角倾斜。
9.按权利要求1所述的铣刀头，其特征在于：刀片(12、12′)由硬质合金体、CBN体或者PKD体构成。
CN2006800443003A 2005-12-02 2006-11-21 铣刀头 Expired - Fee Related CN101316675B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202005018963.4 2005-12-02
DE202005018963U DE202005018963U1 (de) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Fräsmesserkopf
PCT/DE2006/002043 WO2007062622A1 (de) 2005-12-02 2006-11-21 Fräsmesserkopf

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KR200446585Y1 (ko) * 2009-06-10 2009-11-11 최성진 기어 가공용 커터
JP6457257B2 (ja) * 2014-12-18 2019-01-23 Dmg森精機株式会社 フライス工具、及びこれを用いた加工方法
CN109865872B (zh) * 2019-04-17 2020-05-05 杭州超尔切削工具有限公司 一种铣刀
CN110815336B (zh) * 2019-11-14 2021-10-01 南京博赛橡塑有限公司 一种橡胶板成型制品雕刻用新型雕刻机

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EP0489702A2 (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-06-10 Sandvik Aktiebolag Cutting insert and cutting tool for chip removing machining
CN1422197A (zh) * 2000-04-08 2003-06-04 山特维克有限公司 用于凸轮轴铣削装置的切削插入件

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KR20080070051A (ko) 2008-07-29
RU2008121564A (ru) 2010-01-10
CA2629097A1 (en) 2007-06-07
JP2009517231A (ja) 2009-04-30
BRPI0619773A2 (pt) 2011-10-18
CN101316675A (zh) 2008-12-03
DE202005018963U1 (de) 2007-05-10
EP1954434A1 (de) 2008-08-13
WO2007062622A1 (de) 2007-06-07
US7841810B2 (en) 2010-11-30
RU2414333C2 (ru) 2011-03-20

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