CN101300963B - Method for cultivating blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter - Google Patents
Method for cultivating blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101300963B CN101300963B CN2008100713677A CN200810071367A CN101300963B CN 101300963 B CN101300963 B CN 101300963B CN 2008100713677 A CN2008100713677 A CN 2008100713677A CN 200810071367 A CN200810071367 A CN 200810071367A CN 101300963 B CN101300963 B CN 101300963B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a blue crab breeding method in autumn and winter, which relates to a blue crab breeding method. The present invention provides a blue crab breeding method in autumn and winter integrating monosex cultivation, overwintering, fattening and reddening. The method described by the present invention comprises: draining water in cultivation pool and insolating bottom mud to crazing, cleaning pool by quicklime before stocking; filtering water by a water feeding screen, fertilizing and developing the pool water, selecting copulated mother crab and confirmed copulated female crab after autumn begins; selecting the stocking density of 2.2 to 4.5 per m<2>; selecting cultivation time from the beginning of October to the beginning of November, mating season to next year last ten-day period of January to the beginning of February, and culture-cycle of 3 to 3.5 months; and the method described by the present invention is characterized in that the water quality requires that the temperature is 5 to 30 DEG C, the salinity is 6 to 15, the pH is 7.8 to 8.5, the transparence is 30 to 40cm; the water changing amount per day is 20 percent to 50 percent, water added quicklime is splashed and spread into the whole pool after dissolved every ten to twenty days, the amount of quicklime is 0.02 to 0.03 kg/m<3> pool water; and the bait is fed one time every day.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blue crab cultivation method, especially relate to a kind of cultural method of utilizing the female crab of firm mating of autumn and winter season to fatten cream.
Background technology
Scylla paramamosain (Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1949), be commonly called as mud crab, be a kind of individual big, important mariculture crab classes fast, characteristics such as adaptability is strong, meat flavour is delicious, nutritious, anti-dried dew, easily transportation, nourishing and fit keeping function, economic worth height of growing that have, enjoy domestic and international producers and consumers's favor, it have the good reputation of " marine genseng ", is not only traditional famous dish, the delicious food of China, still good invigorant.The breed history in existing more than 100 year of China, as far back as 1890, the Humen, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province just began mud crab and fattens and store up.To 60～seventies of 20th century, blue crab cultivation is in China's southeastern coast, and especially Guangdong Coastal has had bigger development.Entered since the eighties in 20th century, along with the artificial breeding of mud crab and the popularization of cultural technique, its aquaculture has obtained flourish in China southeastern coast each province, especially areas such as Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hainan, blue crab cultivation enthusiasm is surging, cultured area enlarges day by day, and cultured output constantly increases, and culture benefit improves constantly.Raise and train on ground such as over particularly past 10 years, mud crab is moved northward to Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Liaoning, and succeed, and has more effectively promoted the formation and the development of blue crab cultivation industry, and mud crab has become one of important kind of China's mariculture.
The research of relevant mud crab biology aspect report be comparatively system comprehensively ([1] Li Shaojing, Wang Guizhong waits work. mud crab biology and artificial breeding and form technology [M], Xiamen: publishing house of Xiamen University, 2007), only the report that closes of aquaculture model just has many.([2] Feng Xingqian such as Feng Xingqian, Fan family second month in a season. blue crab cultivation technology [M]. the .1994 of Zhejiang science tech publishing house) and Zhang Wanlong ([3] Zhang Wanlong. mud crab artificial culture technology [M]. aquatic science, 1999,13 (1)) general biology and the cultural method such as common pond formula and purse seine formula thereof of mud crab have been introduced.Zhang Yihao etc. ([4] Zhang Yihao, Yan Shanyu, Wang Wei's root. the mud crab altar is supported with the pool and is supported comparative trial [J]. Zhejiang Marice Lives Academy journal, 1995,14 (3): 186; [5] Zhang Yihao, Fan family second month in a season. coastal beach mud crab forum type is cultured research [J]. Zhejiang Marice Lives Academy journal, 1997,16 (2): the 109-115) result that cultures of the coastal beach mud crab forum type of report.Chen Fan ([6] Chen Fan. the net cage that honeycomb fashion crab nest is set is supported the crab test, aquatic science and technology information, 2001,28 (2): 77-78) net cage that is provided with honeycomb fashion crab nest is supported crab.The fourth logos. wait ([7] fourth logos. Zhu Junquan, leaf high honour waits the low height of dam net of beach to culture mud crab technical research [J]. Shandong fishery, 2003,20 (1): 19-20) reported the low height of dam net breed of beach mud crab technology.Zhou Weiwu etc. ([8] Zhou Weiwu, Jiang Qiping, Zheng Chunbo, etc. the feasibility analysis [J] that mud crab shallow sea cage is cultured. Shandong fishery, 2005,22 (8): 29-30) analyzed the feasibility that mud crab shallow sea cage is cultured.The Chen Wei border ([9] Chen Wei border. the anti-design [J] of escaping facility in crab pond. aquaculture, 2003,24 (6): 20-22.) developed the anti-facility of escaping of mud crab pond culture.Yang Peigen ([10] Yang Peigen, Li Chenhong. shell of the Eriocheir sinensia of raising in cages and growth [J]. Shanghai Aquatic Products Univ. 9CN)'s journal, 1998,7 (2): 158-161) reported shell and growth under the condition of raising in cages.Wang Yu ([11] Wang Yu. the seal too regional mud crab breed and fatten [J]. world agriculture, 1994 (6): 42), Xie Yingliang ([12] Xie Yingliang. Southeast Asia mud crab Scyllaserrata
Culture [J]. Modern Fishery information, 1994,9 (2): 27-29) and ([13] Xie Yingliang such as Xie Yingliang, Shi Zhaohong, Xu's purine plum. mud crab present Research and development trend [J]. Modern Fishery information, 2004,19 (1): 14-17) successively introduced seal too overview, the present situation of research and the trend of development of its breed of country of area, Southeast Asia and mud crab natural distribution.The author has successively reported relevant study: mud crab parent crab is raised and train ([14] Lin Qiongwu, Li Shaojing, Ceng Chaoshu, Wang Guizhong. the experimental study that mud crab parent crab is raised and train, the Fujian aquatic products, 1994 (1): 13-17), mud crab megalops larva Tu Chi forms ([15] Lin Qiongwu, Wang Guizhong, Li Shaojing, Ceng Chaoshu. the experimental study that mud crab megalops larva Tu Chi forms, fresh water fishery, 1996,26 (supplementary issues): 199-202), mud crab autumn seedling ([16] Wang Guizhong that survives the winter at South Fujian Province Tu Chi, Lin Qiongwu, Li Shaojing etc. the experimental study that mud crab autumn Miao Tuchi survives the winter, the Taiwan Straits, 1998,17 (4): 468-472), the comparison of mud crab megalops larva distortion ratio difference between nursery pond and outdoor earth pond ([17] Lin Qiongwu, Wang Guizhong, Li Shaojing. the comparison of mud crab megalops larva distortion ratio difference between nursery pond and outdoor earth pond, Chinese aquatic science, 2000,7 (3): 113-114), mud crab and Penaeus monodon are moved northward culture experiment ([18] Lin Qiongwu, Li Shaojing, Wang Guizhong. mud crab and Penaeus monodon are moved northward culture experiment [J]. Fujian aquatic products, 2005, (4): 39-42), experimental study ([19] Wei Jianqun that the single body of the indoor cement pit of mud crab is raised in cages, Lin Qiongwu, Chen Xuelei, etc. the experimental study [J] that the indoor single body solid of mud crab is raised in cages. Xiamen University's journal (natural science edition) 2007,46 (2): 228-253), under the facility cultivation condition different factors to the influence of Scylla paramamosain children crab survival rate ([20] multitude Zhang Li, Lin Qiongwu, Chen Xuelei etc. different factors are to the influence of Scylla paramamosain children crab survival rate under the facility cultivation condition
*[J]. Xiamen University's journal (natural science edition) 2007).Foreign scholar Clive P.Keenan ([21] Clive P.Keenan.The Fourth Species of Scylla.Mud Crab Aquaculture and Biology[C] .Canberra:Australian Centre for International AgriculturalResearch.1999:48-58) has reported that mud crab belongs to classification situation, breed and the biology that is divided into 4 kinds, and mud crab is cultured past of (Scylla serrata), now and comment future.Jerome G.Genodepa ([22] Clive P.Keenan.Aquaculture of the Mud Crab, Scylla serrata--Past, Present and Future.Mud Crab Aquacultureand Biology[C] .1999:9-13) reported situation at mangrove forest zone mud crab seining cultivation.Avelino T.Trino ([23] Jerome G.Genodepa.Pen Culture Experiments of the Mud Crab Scylla serrata in MangroveAreas.Mud crab Aquaculture and Biology[C] .1999:89-94) hedge is the monosex cultivation of 3 cultivation densities of veil mud crab.Renato?F.Agbayani([25]Renato?F.?Agbayani，Dan?D.Baliao
*，Giselle?P.B.Samonte，Reuel?E.Tumaliuan?and?Romeo?D.Caturao。Economic feasibility analysis of the monoculture ofmudcrab (Scylla serrata) Forsskal Aquaculture 1990,91, (3-4), 223-231) the economics feasibility of edge mud crab monoculture.Yet, be not seen in collection mud crab monosex cultivation as yet, survive the winter, fatten and educate the red cultural method of one that is.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly collect the mud crab monosex cultivation, survive the winter, fatten and educate the breeding method of red blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter for one.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) preparation before culturing: will culture Chi Chishui and drain and be exposed to the sun, and shine to the bed mud be full of cracks, and clean up the pond with quicklime putting in a suitable place to breed before, and kill harmful fish and harmful microorganism, the pond substrate is cultured in improvement,, applies fertilizer cultivation Chi Shui with water inlet net filtration Na Shui;
2) select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirming to go the female crab of mating;
3) breeding density: 2.2～4.5/m
2
4) culturing time: from solar calendar early October～early November, late January～early Febuary in breeding season to next year, the culture-cycle is 3～3.5 months;
5) water quality requirement: temperature is 30～5 ℃, and salinity is 6～15, and pH 7.8～8.5;
6) daily management: day quantity of exchanged water 20%～50%, every two weeks drain entirely promptly to do and reveal 1～2 time, and 3～5 mu are provided with an aerator; Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving with quicklime in 10～20 days, the quantity of quicklime is 0.02～0.03kg/m
3Chi Shui; Bait mainly is small fish, throw something and feed every day once, by mass percentage, feeding volume be mud crab deposit pond amount 2%～5%.
Before putting in a suitable place to breed, clean up the pond to be preferably in and put preceding 10～15 days every mu of usefulness 50～60kg quicklime in a suitable place to breed and clean up the pond with quicklime; Receive water 60cm water level with the most handy 60 orders water inlet of water inlet net filtration Na Shui net filtration; The depth of water is preferably in 1.5～2.0m, cultures the preferably pool, estuary region pond, pond.The time that every two weeks drains entirely preferably is chosen in astronomical spring tide and weather conditions date preferably, and dried dew can impel the mud crab activity, increases food ration.Breeding density is 2.2～4.5/m
2, promptly be equivalent to stocking rate 500～1000kg/ mu.The transparency of water is preferably 30～40cm in the water quality requirement.
Because the present invention will culture Chi Chishui and drain and be exposed to the sun before breed, shine to the bed mud be full of cracks, before putting in a suitable place to breed, clean up the pond, so can kill harmful fish and harmful microorganism with quicklime, improved breed pond substrate.Owing to select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirm to go the female crab of mating, select the female crab of the healthy mating just of the complete physique of appendage to fatten cream, utilize the physiological property of the general not shell of the natural law that autumn and winter, temperature descended gradually and female crab post-coitum, therefore can improve cultivation density, utilize intercommodity spread great disparity and the market profitability during the Spring Festival between weightening finish amplitude before and after the female crab itself big and dish crab and the cream crab, thus the economic benefit of raising output and breed.Because this aquaculture model is easy and simple to handle, therefore be fit to the large-scale farming in coastal areas of southern China each province and city.To advance draining convenient owing to culture the pond conditional request, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and the depth of water is at 1.5～2.0m, the shale substrate.Under the condition of natural temperature (30～5 ℃), salinity 6～15 and pH7.8～8.5,2.2～4.5/m of breeding density
2, feed with small fish, throw something and feed every day once, feeding volume be mud crab deposit the pond amount 2%～5%, day quantity of exchanged water 20%～50%, about two weeks drain entirely promptly and do dew 1～2 time, 7～15 days with quicklime 0.02～0.03kg/m
3Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving, therefore through 3～3.5 months cultivation, culture survival rate and can reach 60%～95%, individual quiet rate of body weight gain is 10%～15%, than existing cultural method significant raising has been arranged.
Embodiment
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
1) preparation before culturing: the breed Chi Chishui of shale substrate drained be exposed to the sun, shine to bed mud and chap, before putting in a suitable place to breed with quicklime clean up the pond put in a suitable place to breed preceding 10～13 days every mu clean up the pond with 55kg quicklime, kill harmful fish and harmful microorganism, the pond substrate is cultured in improvement, receive water 60cm water level with water inlet net filtration Na Shui with 60 orders water inlet net filtration, fertilising, cultivation Chi Shui; The depth of water is cultured the preferably pool, estuary region pond, pond at 1.5～1.6m.Can be according to the situation of algae reproduction, Chi Shui is cultivated in suitably fertilising.The shale substrate helps mud crab and dives and to bury and survive the winter.
2) select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirming to go the female crab of mating.Owing to is the mud crab mating season after the beginning of autumn, therefore can select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn, the source of female crab mainly is ground such as Guangdong, the selection criteria of the female crab of mating is that appendage is complete, body colour is bright-coloured, vigor is good, physique is healthy.The female crab of confirming capable mating is that the sexual gland position does not have " moving back thin " sign.
3) breeding density: 4.5/m
2
4) culturing time: from solar calendar early October～early November, late January～early Febuary in breeding season to next year (during the Spring Festival), the culture-cycle is 3.3 months.
5) water quality requirement: temperature is 30～5 ℃, and salinity is 10～12, pH7.8～8.5, transparency 30～40cm; Less salt helps the mud crab gonad development, also can suppress oogenesis simultaneously;
6) daily management: day quantity of exchanged water 20%～35%, every two weeks drain entirely promptly to do and reveal 1～2 time, and 3～5 mu are provided with an aerator; Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving with quicklime in 15 days, the quantity of quicklime is 0.02kg/m
3Chi Shui; Bait mainly is small fish, throw something and feed every day once, by mass percentage, feeding volume be mud crab deposit pond amount 2%.
The time that every two weeks drains entirely preferably is chosen in astronomical spring tide and weather conditions date preferably, and dried dew can impel the mud crab activity, increases food ration.
Water temperature in winter is low, and mud crab is all dived and is embedded in the mud, and is not too movable, is difficult to catch with behaviour's net, can only drain Chi Shui and directly catch and grab mud crab, and repeated multiple times is until having caught.
Embodiment 2
1) preparation before culturing: the breed Chi Chishui of shale substrate drained be exposed to the sun, shine to bed mud and chap, before putting in a suitable place to breed with quicklime clean up the pond put in a suitable place to breed preceding 13～15 days every mu clean up the pond with 50kg quicklime, kill harmful fish and harmful microorganism, the pond substrate is cultured in improvement, receive water 60cm water level with water inlet net filtration Na Shui with 60 orders water inlet net filtration, fertilising, cultivation Chi Shui; The depth of water is cultured the preferably pool, estuary region pond, pond at 1.7～1.8m.Can be according to the situation of algae reproduction, Chi Shui is cultivated in suitably fertilising.The shale substrate helps mud crab and dives and to bury and survive the winter.
2) select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirming to go the female crab of mating.Owing to is the mud crab mating season after the beginning of autumn, therefore can select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn, the source of female crab mainly is ground such as Guangdong, the selection criteria of the female crab of mating is that appendage is complete, body colour is bright-coloured, vigor is good, physique is healthy.The female crab of confirming capable mating is that the sexual gland position does not have " moving back thin " sign.
3) breeding density: 3/m
2
4) culturing time: from solar calendar early October～early November, late January～early Febuary in breeding season to next year (during the Spring Festival), the culture-cycle is 3.5 months.
5) water quality requirement: temperature is 30～5 ℃, and salinity is 6～10, pH7.8～8.5, transparency 30～40cm; Less salt helps the mud crab gonad development, also can suppress oogenesis simultaneously;
6) daily management: day quantity of exchanged water 35%～50%, every two weeks drain entirely promptly to do and reveal 1～2 time, and 3～5 mu are provided with an aerator; Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving with quicklime in 10 days, the quantity of quicklime is 0.03kg/m
3Chi Shui; Bait mainly is small fish, throw something and feed every day once, by mass percentage, feeding volume be mud crab deposit pond amount 5%.
Embodiment 3
1) preparation before culturing: the breed Chi Chishui of shale substrate drained be exposed to the sun, shine to bed mud and chap, before putting in a suitable place to breed with quicklime clean up the pond put in a suitable place to breed preceding 12～14 days every mu clean up the pond with 60kg quicklime, kill harmful fish and harmful microorganism, the pond substrate is cultured in improvement, receive water 60cm water level with water inlet net filtration Na Shui with 60 orders water inlet net filtration, fertilising, cultivation Chi Shui; The depth of water is cultured the preferably pool, estuary region pond, pond at 1.9～2.0m.Can be according to the situation of algae reproduction, Chi Shui is cultivated in suitably fertilising.The shale substrate helps mud crab and dives and to bury and survive the winter.
2) select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirming to go the female crab of mating.Owing to is the mud crab mating season after the beginning of autumn, therefore can select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn, the source of female crab mainly is ground such as Guangdong, the selection criteria of the female crab of mating is that appendage is complete, body colour is bright-coloured, vigor is good, physique is healthy.The female crab of confirming capable mating is that the sexual gland position does not have " moving back thin " sign.
3) breeding density: 2.2/m
2
4) culturing time: from solar calendar early October～early November, late January～early Febuary in breeding season to next year (during the Spring Festival), the culture-cycle is 3 months.
5) water quality requirement: temperature is 30～5 ℃, and salinity is 13～15, pH7.8～8.5, transparency 30～40cm; Less salt helps the mud crab gonad development, also can suppress oogenesis simultaneously;
6) daily management: day quantity of exchanged water 35%～45%, every two weeks drain entirely promptly to do and reveal 1～2 time, and 3～5 mu are provided with an aerator; Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving with quicklime in 20 days, the quantity of quicklime is 0.025kg/m
3Chi Shui; Bait mainly is small fish, throw something and feed every day once, by mass percentage, feeding volume be mud crab deposit pond amount 3.5%.
Claims (7)
1. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) preparation before culturing: will culture Chi Chishui and drain and be exposed to the sun, and shine, and putting in a suitable place to breed before, clean up the pond, and, apply fertilizer cultivation Chi Shui with water inlet net filtration Na Shui with quicklime to the bed mud be full of cracks;
2) select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirming to go the female crab of mating;
3) breeding density: 2.2～4.5/m
2
4) culturing time: breed gonad maturity phase from solar calendar early October～11 the first tenday period of a month, late January～early Febuary in breeding season to next year, the culture-cycle is 3～3.5 months;
5) water quality requirement: temperature is 5～30 ℃, and salinity is 6～15, and pH 7.8～8.5;
6) daily management: day quantity of exchanged water 20%～50%, every two weeks drain entirely promptly to do and reveal 1～2 time, and 3～5 mu are provided with an aerator; Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving with quicklime in 10～20 days, the quantity of quicklime is 0.02～0.03kg/m
3Chi Shui; Bait mainly is small fish, throw something and feed every day once, by mass percentage, feeding volume be mud crab deposit pond amount 2%～5%.
2. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that before putting in a suitable place to breed cleaning up the pond with quicklime is to clean up the pond putting preceding 10～15 days every mu of usefulness 50～60kg quicklime in a suitable place to breed.
3. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with water inlet net filtration Na Shui it being to receive water 60cm water level with the 60 orders net filtration of intaking.
4. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the pond water is 1.5～2.0m.
5. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that culturing the pond is the pool, estuary region pond.
6. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that selection of time that every two weeks drains entirely is at astronomical spring tide.
7. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1, the transparency that it is characterized in that water in the water quality requirement is 30～40cm.
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Families Citing this family (5)
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| CN102657128A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-09-12 | 湖南三兄特色农业开发有限公司 | Cold storage method of Chinese mitten crabs |
| CN103404454B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-11 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Method for raising river crabs by using multi-element fodder |
| CN104904626B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2017-12-05 | 宁德市吉星农业开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of late-maturing mud crab |
| CN106721658A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 宁德市鼎诚水产有限公司 | Soft pellet diet that a kind of red cream crabs are cultivated and preparation method thereof |
| CN109619006B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-10-19 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Chinese mitten crab winter cream-preserving temporary-breeding device and application thereof |
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