CN101296876B - 处理基底的方法 - Google Patents

处理基底的方法 Download PDF

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CN101296876B
CN101296876B CN200680040014XA CN200680040014A CN101296876B CN 101296876 B CN101296876 B CN 101296876B CN 200680040014X A CN200680040014X A CN 200680040014XA CN 200680040014 A CN200680040014 A CN 200680040014A CN 101296876 B CN101296876 B CN 101296876B
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layer
substrate
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surface treatment
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CN101296876A (zh
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N·纳多
S·罗什
U·施密特
M·洛尔根
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种表面处理方法,其用于处理位于基底和薄膜多层的层B之间的至少一层A的至少一个表面部分,所述多层的各层真空沉积在具有玻璃功能的基底上,根据本发明,所述方法特征在于:将至少一层薄层A沉积在所述基底的表面部分上,该沉积阶段通过真空沉积方法来进行;利用至少一个线性离子源,从气体或气体混合物中产生电离物种的等离子体;使层A的至少一个表面部分经受所述等离子体的处理,使得所述电离物物至少部分地改变层A的表面状态;和将至少一层B沉积在层A的表面部分上,该沉积阶段通过真空沉积方法来进行。

Description

处理基底的方法
本发明涉及一种处理基底表面的方法。本发明更具体涉及一种欲结合入薄膜沉积装置并在真空中操作的处理方法,所述装置具有工业尺寸(基底在垂直于运动方向的尺寸大于1.5m,或者甚至大于2m)。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种与薄膜沉积过程(通常是溅射沉积生产线,所述溅射任选是磁增强溅射或磁控溅射)相结合的表面处理方法和利用线性离子源处理这些薄膜表面的方法。
当然,本发明还涉及这样处理过的、并用多层涂敷的基底,所述多层由具有不同功能的层(太阳光控制层、低热发射率层、电磁屏蔽层、加热层、亲水层、疏水层和光催化层)、改变可见光反射水平的层(抗反射层和镜面层)或包括活性系统的层(电致变色层、电致发光层或光致电压层)组成。
通常,沉积在具有玻璃功能的基底上的薄膜多层所包括的薄层层数增加,这相应地增加了各层之间的界面数量。每个分隔两层不同材料膜的界面构成了控制整个多层光学性能、热性能和机械性能的必要区域。
因此,例如公知薄膜多层的场强由界面处的键能(化学键、离子键、范德华键、氢键等等)所确定。同样,由各不同层的体积应力而产生的界面应力还可能导致界面断裂,这致使承受最高应力或者具有最低粘附能的界面处涂层的脱层。
同样已知的是,表征界面的第二参数是其改变可结晶性或至少保证上层中程有序性的能力。这一影响当然是用在例如微电子工业中,来促进在使用具有合适结晶特性基底的纳米晶体薄膜中类单晶的生长或晶粒的优先取向。这种技术通常称为“外延生长”,并且在上层材料与下层材料不同的情况下,更确切地说是异质外延生长。
因此,薄层的结晶特性和晶粒形态决定了沉积在具有玻璃功能的基底上的多层所提供的功能性。
那么,根据第一非限定性实施例,通过沉积具有光催化性能的薄层(尤其是基于氧化钛的薄层)得到具有自清洁功能的多层,在这种情况下,所述层的性能由包含在功能层中的锐钛型二氧化钛相的量来决定。
作为第二实施例,具有太阳光控制功能或增强的热绝缘功能(也称为低热发射率功能)的多层,其性能由功能金属层具有有利于反射波长大于功能层波长的射线的结晶态的容量所决定,所述功能层可以例如由银制成,该有利的结晶态十分依赖于形成先于功能层而沉积的一层或多层的原子的结晶排列。
更通常而言,利用溅射沉积生产线沉积的薄膜多层结构,包括沉积在至少一层A上的至少一层B,其被称为功能层。
在本发明的上下文中,层A被限定为至少一层,其可以是多层Ai(A1、A2、A3、...An,其中i为1-n,并且n大于或等于1)的重叠。
当每个单元层Ai尽可能的不受污染(例如吸附的气体分子)并且具有尽可能平滑的表面光洁性和最佳的材料排列(低密度的晶格型晶体缺陷或位错)时,就可以使多层达到最佳性能。
发明者不幸地发现,尽管在沉积步骤中很小心,但是各层Ai的表面还是可能会出现下列情况:
(i)在两个各配有自己的阴极的沉积室之间传送层A的过程中,受到沉积装置(磁控管)残留气氛(水、碳氢化合物)的污染;
(ii)通过磁控溅射沉积得到的层A的表面,不总是构成沉积层B的理想表面,因为根据被沉积材料的性质、层厚度和沉积层B的条件,特别是在某些材料的情况下,层A具有一定的粗糙度;和
(iii)其构成了晶体干扰介质(crystallograhically disturbed medium)。
本发明的目的在于,通过提供一种处理位于A/B薄膜多层结构中层A的至少一个表面部分的方法来减轻上述缺陷。
为此,根据本发明,对位于薄膜多层的基底和层B之间的至少一层A的至少一个表面部分进行处理的方法,其中所述层被真空沉积在具有玻璃功能的基底上,其特征在于:
-在所述基底的表面部分沉积至少一薄层A,该沉积阶段通过真空沉积方法来实施;
-利用至少一个线性离子源,由气体或气体混合物产生电离物种的等离子体;
-使层A的至少一个表面部分经受所述等离子体处理,使得所述电离物种至少部分改变层A的表面状态;和
-将至少一层B沉积在层A的表面部分上,该沉积阶段通过真空沉积方法来实施。
由于这些安排,可能使层A的表面性质基本上被改变,这种改变影响了在薄膜沉积装置中沉积在层A上的层B的结晶和/或晶粒形态,其中所述装置具有工业尺寸并且在真空中进行操作。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,可以任选进一步利用以下一种或多种安排:
-将线性离子源与沉积层A的真空沉积装置置于相同的区室中;
-层A包括数层重叠的层Ai并且使至少一层Ai(这里i为1-n,并且n>1)经受所述的等离子体处理;
-利用一个或多个接连排列的线性离子源来进行表面处理;
-利用向上和向下溅射技术来进行;
-将线性离子源与沉积层A的真空沉积装置置于两个隔离的区室;
-将线性离子源以与基底平面成30°-90°的角度放置;
-沉积过程由溅射过程,尤其是磁增强溅射或磁控溅射过程组成;
-真空沉积过程由基于PECVD(等离子体化学气相沉积)的过程组成;
-该过程包括离子源和基底之间的相对运动;
-利用基于氩或任何惰性气体、氧气或氮气的气体等离子体;
-线性离子源产生能量为0.05-2.5keV,优选为1-2keV的准直离子束。
根据本发明的另一方面,还涉及一种基底,尤其是玻璃基底,所述基底的至少一个表面部分被薄膜多层所覆盖,所述多层包括具有不同功能的层(太阳光控制层、低热发射率层、电磁屏蔽层、加热层、亲水层、疏水层和光催化层)、改变可见光反射水平的层(镜面层和抗反射层)或者包括活性系统的层(电致变色层、电致发光层或光致电压层),其中位于B之下的薄层Ai的至少一层用上述方法处理过。
下面将通过非限定实施例的方式进行说明,在这个过程中本发明的其它特征和优点变得明显。
实施本发明的方法的优选方式在于将至少一个线性离子源加进工业尺寸的生产线中,其中所述生产线用于通过阴极溅射,尤其是磁增强溅射或磁控溅射,和尤其在氧气和/或氮气存在下的反应溅射在基底上沉积薄膜。
薄膜沉积还可以通过基于CVD(化学气相沉积)或PECVD(等离子体化学气相沉积)的方法来进行,这是本领域技术人员所公知的,并且其实施例在文献EP0149408中进行了图示说明。
在本发明的上下文中,“工业尺寸”这种表述适用于生产线,其尺寸一方面适于连续操作,另一方面适于处理具有一个基准尺寸的基底,例如垂直于基底运动方向的宽度为至少1.5m。
可以安装线性离子源代替阴极,或者将其安装在连接两个沉积室的气锁上,或者更通常而言在沉积生产线中经受高度真空(例如具有1×10-5mbar级别的值)的形成室部件中。
在生产线中结合多个离子源是可能的,所述离子源可以同时和连续只在基底的一侧起作用,或者在基底的每侧都起作用(例如向上和向下溅射生产线),并且每个离子源可能具有它们自己的调整模式。当进行处理使得离子束被垂直取向,或者是向上或向下取向时,这种处理被称为是向上和向下溅射处理。
利用的至少一个线性离子源,其工作原理如下:
线性离子源包括阳极、阴极、磁装置和用于引入气体的源。这种类型的源的实例在例如RU2030807、US6002208或WO02/093987中有描述。通过直流电源将阳极升高到正电位,阳极和阴极之间的电位差使周围注入的气体电离。
随后使气体等离子体经受磁场(由永久或非永久磁体产生),由此加速和聚集离子束。
这样,离子被准直和加速射向离子源之外,并且其强度特别取决于离子源的几何形状、气体流速、其性质和施加到阳极的电压。
在这种情况下,根据本发明的方法,线性离子源以准直模式操作,其中气体混合物包含氧气、氩气、氮气,并包含可能的惰性气体,例如氖或氦作为微量组分。
优选使用的气体,其化学性质适合于待处理的层的类型。为了避免与所述表面发生任何化学反应,优选使用惰性气体,尤其是基于氩、氪或氙的惰性气体。这对于基底清洁类型的应用并不适用,在该情况下,优选使用在电离状态具有显著氧化能力的气体(尤其是氧气)。
作为非限定性的实施例,将氧气以150sccm的流速引入,电极之间的电压是3kV且电流是1.8A,因此消耗功率是5400W(这些数字涉及1m长的离子源)。
在上述条件下,将该离子源置于室中使得含有电离物种的准直等离子体通过处理室,到达薄层A的至少一个表面部分,其中所述薄层A事先通过真空沉积技术被沉积在具有玻璃功能的基底的一部分上。
因此,可以在位于基底一面上或同一基底两面上(如果使用几个离子源)的层A的表面部分上处理层A的表面,所述表面随后将利用真空沉积技术来覆盖层B,该层B的结晶和/或晶粒形态随后得到控制,或者更通常而言在多层中任一层Ai(A1、A2、A3、...An)都将覆盖功能层B。
基底和其这样处理过的薄膜多层结构是玻璃片的形式,其可能是弯曲的,并且具有“工业”尺寸。在本发明的上下文中,“工业”尺寸被理解为玻璃片的基准尺寸,其在法国一般被称为PLF(即全宽浮动(full-widthfloat))或DLF(即半宽浮动(half-width float)),即分别是宽度大于3m和宽度大于2m。
基底和其这样处理过的多层在不间断真空的情况下(也就是说基底保持在真空沉积装置之中),可连续穿过适于通过以下各种已知技术方法来进行薄膜沉积的室:PECVD、CVD(化学气相沉积)、磁控溅射或离子电镀、离子束溅射和双重离子束溅射。
基底优选是透明的平面或曲面基底,并且由玻璃或塑料(PMMA、PC等)制成,其可以在如上所述的真空沉积装置中被涂覆至少一层薄膜多层,所述薄膜多层赋予所述基底各种功能,例如上文所述的那些功能。
因此,根据第一种实施方案,基底具有“增强热绝缘”或低热发射率类型的涂层。
该涂层由至少一个顺序排列的至少5层连续层组成,所述连续层即基于尤其选自氧化锡、氧化钛和氧化锌的金属氧化物或半导体的第一层(厚度为10-30nm);沉积在第一层之上的尤其是基于氧化锌或氧化钛的金属氧化物或半导体层(厚度为5-20nm);银层(厚度为5-12nm);尤其选自镍铬、钛、铌和锆的金属层,所述金属层任选被氮化(厚度为至少5nm)并且沉积在银层之上;和至少一层上层(厚度为5-40nm),其包括尤其选自氧化锡、氧化钛和氧化锌的金属氧化物,并沉积在金属层之上,该上层(任选由多层构成)任选是保护层,称为外涂层。
因此,在第二种实施方案中,基底具有适于经受(韧化类型的)热处理的“增强热绝缘”或低E或太阳光控制类型的涂层,或者特别为汽车工业设计的(也适于经受热处理的)涂层。
该涂层由薄膜多层组成,所述薄膜多层包括交替的n层功能层B和n+1层涂层A使得每层功能层B都位于两层涂层A之间,其中n≥1,所述功能层B在红外和/或太阳辐射下具有反射性能,其尤其基于银(厚度为5-15nm),所述涂层A包括由电介质形成的一层或重叠的多层,其特别基于氮化硅(厚度为5-80nm),或者基于硅和铝的混合物、或氮氧化硅、或氧化锌(厚度为5-20nm);所述多层结构还包括吸收可见光的层,尤其是基于钛、镍铬或锆,这些层任选被氮化并且位于功能层之上和/或之下。
因此,在第三种实施方案中,基底具有太阳光控制类型的涂层。
基底被提供有薄膜多层,所述薄膜多层包括交替的一层或更多n层功能层和(n+1)层“涂层”,其中n≥1,所述功能层对于红外和/或太阳辐射具有反射性能,并且尤其本质上是金属性质的,所述多层一方面由一层或多层构成,所述层包括至少一层电介质层,尤其是基于氧化锡(厚度为20-80nm)、氧化锌、或金属、或镍铬氧化物(厚度为2-30nm),另一方面,由至少一层由银或含银金属合金形成的功能层(厚度为5-30nm)构成,(每层)功能层位于两电介质层之间。
因此,在第四种实施方案中,基底具有适于经受(例如韧化类型的)热处理的太阳光控制类型的涂层。
这种薄膜多层包括至少一个顺序排列的至少5层连续层,即:尤其基于氮化硅的第一层(厚度为20-60nm);沉积在第一层上的、尤其基于镍铬或钛的金属层(厚度至少为10nm);对于红外和/或阳光辐射具有反射性能的、尤其是基于银的功能层(厚度至少为10nm);沉积在银层上的、尤其选自钛、铌、锆和镍铬的金属层(厚度为至少10nm);和沉积在所述金属层上的、基于氮化硅的上层(厚度为2-60nm)。
下面给出涂敷有低E多层的基底的实施例:
实施例1:基底/SnO2/TiO2/ZnO/Ag/NiCr/ZnO/Si3N4/TiO2
实施例2:基底/SnO2/ZnO/Ag/NiCr/ZnO/Si3N4/TiO2
在实施例1和2中,层B包括银,层A是多层中位于层B之下的至少一层其它层。
作为实施例1和2的变型,并且根据第二种实施方案,基底包括适于经受(韧化类型的)热处理的低E类型或太阳光控制类型的涂层,或者专为汽车应用设计的涂层(这种涂层也适于经受热处理)。
例如,下面给出实施例3和4,其适于经受热处理:
实施例3:基底/Si3N4/ZnO/NiCr/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4
实施例4:
基底/Si3N4/ZnO/Ti/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4/ZnO/Ti/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4/TiO2
在实施例3和4中,层B包括银,而层A是多层中位于层B之下的至少一层其它层。
形成实施例1-4的多层的沉积条件如下所述:
-Si3N4层使用Si:Al靶,脉冲模式电源(极性变化频率:50kHz),压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为2000W,并使用16sccm的Ar和18sccm的N2
-SnO2层使用Sn靶,直流电源,压力为4×10-3mbar(0.4Pa),功率为500W,并使用30sccm的Ar和40sccm的N2
-Zn:AlO层沉积使用Zn:Al(2重量%的Al)靶,直流电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为1500W,并使用40sccm的Ar和25sccm的O2
-TiO2层沉积使用TiOx靶,直流电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为2500W,并使用50sccm的Ar和3.0sccm的O2
-银层沉积使用Ag靶,直流电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为120W,并使用50sccm的Ar;
-钛层沉积使用Ti靶,直流电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为180W,并使用50sccm的Ar;
-NiCr层沉积使用Ni80Cr20靶,直流电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为200W,并使用50sccm的Ar。
从下表中可以看出,利用线性离子源进行界面处理的影响,使得ZnO层([0002]取向)和银层([111]取向)的结晶相显著提高而非晶相损失,因此显示出银的结晶性能得到提高。这在实验上与银层的电阻率减少相关。在实施例1-5中,离子源都是在高能操作模式下使用。
实施例   被离子源1处理的层A 韧化   ZnO[0002]区域Bragg峰2   Ag[111]区域Bragg峰3   每平方电阻(欧姆)
  E.1   -   否   13   48   5.0
  E.1   TiO2   否   22   127   4.8
  E.2   -   否   14   99   5.3
  E.2   SnO2   否   19   161   5.1
  E.3   -   否   7   13   7.7
  E.3 -   10   36   5.1
  E.3   Si3N4   否   16   30   7.4
  E.3   Si3N4   是   23   68   4.6
  E.4   -   是   32   69   4.4
  E.4   ZnO   是   40   118   4.0
1:氧化物层的处理:用氩作为载气,操作条件如下:放电电压和电流:1060V和141mA;载气:23sccm的Ar;总压力=1mTorr;
氮化物层的处理:离子源操作条件:放电电压和电流:1500V和190mA;载气:50sccm的N;总压力=1mTorr;
2:指示的区域是整个多层中的ZnO层的贡献总和;
3:在实施例E.4的情况下,指示的区域是整个多层中的两层Ag层的贡献总和。
因此,根据第五种实施方案,基底包括具有光催化功能类型的涂层。
下面给出具有这种类型涂层的基底的实施例:
实施例5:基底/SiO2/BaTiO3/TiO2
层B是TiO2层,层Ai是位于层B之下的至少一层。
形成实施例5的多层的沉积条件如下:
-SiO2层使用Si:A1靶,脉冲模式电源(极性变化频率:30kHz),压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为2000W,并使用15sccm的Ar和sccm的O2
-BaTiO3层使用BaTiO3靶,射频电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为500W,并使用50sccm的Ar;和
-TiO2层沉积使用TiOx靶,直流电源,压力为2×10-3mbar(0.2Pa),功率为2500W,并使用200sccm的Ar和2.5sccm的O2
从下表中可以看出,在韧化处理之前和之后,利用离子束处理对氧化钛层结晶性能及其光催化性能的影响。
实施例5   被离子源处理的层Ai 韧化   TiO2[101]区域Bragg峰(a.u.)   由SAT试验检测的光催化活性(×10-3cm-1.min-1)
  E.5   -   否   0.09   8
  E.5   -   是   0.60   28
  E.5   BaTiO3   否   0.17   17
  E.5   BaTiO3   是   0.72   36
*离子源条件:放电电压和电流:1500V和118mA;载气:20sccmAr;总压力=1mTorr。
还可以使用低能操作模式下的线性离子源。
下面给出的是根据该实施方案处理的多层结构(实施例6):
实施例6:TiO2层的低能处理:
下述类型的多层:基底/SnO2/TiO2/ZnO/Ag/NiCr/ZnO/Si3N4/TiO2
从下表可以看出,在TiO2的情况下,利用低能(500V)离子源处理导致层A的结构的改变。事实上,该处理可以在先前的非晶层中产生纳米级结晶区域。这种效应对银的结晶产生影响,这在实验上与该层的电阻率减少相关联。
  TiO2层处理   TiO2结构   TiO2微晶大小   每平方电阻(欧姆)
  /   非晶形   /   5.5
  500V   纳米结晶   2nm   5.3
微晶大小利用Scherrer等式来估算,假定由X射线衍射测量的峰的增宽只与结晶区域的大小相关(峰通过pseudo-Voigt函数来模拟)。
通常,这些基底中的一些随后能够经受热处理(弯曲、韧化、退火)并且欲用于汽车工业中,尤其是遮阳篷顶、侧窗、挡风玻璃、后窗玻璃或后视镜;或用于建筑物的单层或双层玻璃,尤其是建筑物的室内和室外玻璃;可以是曲面的商店陈列橱窗或柜台、保护绘画类型物品的玻璃窗、防眩电脑屏幕、玻璃家具;或任何玻璃基底,尤其是透明玻璃基底。
下面给出通过SAT试验测量光催化活性的操作条件。
光催化活性以如下方式测量:
-切割5×5cm2的试样;
-在UV辐射下和氧气流中清洗试样45分钟;
-通过FTIR或者4000到400cm-1之间的波数测量红外光谱,以构成参考光谱;
-沉积硬脂酸:以5g/l的量溶解在甲醇中的60毫升硬脂酸溶液,通过旋涂沉积在试样上;
-通过FTIR测量红外光谱,并且在3000到2700cm-1之间测量CH2-CH3键伸缩谱带的面积,
-使试样经受UVA辐照:试样接收的功率分别为约35W/m2和1.4W/m2来模拟室外和室内照射,其通过315-400nm波长范围的光电池来控制。根据照明条件,灯的性质也不同:Philips T12参考的热点荧光灯管用作室内照射,而Philips Cleo Performance UV灯用作室外照射;
-每次测量3000到2700cm-1之间的CH2-CH3键伸缩谱带的面积,进行10分钟的连续照射之后,硬脂酸层随后被光降解;和
-室外条件下的光催化活性k室外由直线的斜率来定义,单位为cm-1.min-1,其中所述直线代表3000到2700cm-1之间的CH2-CH3键伸缩谱带的面积作为0-30分钟的UV照射时间的函数。

Claims (18)

1.一种表面处理方法,其用于处理位于基底和薄膜多层的层B之间的至少一层A的至少一个表面部分,所述多层的各层真空沉积在由玻璃或塑料制成的基底上,所述方法特征在于:
-将至少一层薄层A沉积在所述基底的表面部分上,该沉积阶段通过真空沉积方法来进行;
-利用至少一个线性离子源,从气体或气体混合物中产生电离物种的等离子体;
-使层A的至少一个表面部分经受所述等离子体的处理,使得所述电离物种至少部分地改变层A的表面状态;和
-将至少一层B沉积在层A的表面部分上,该沉积阶段通过真空沉积方法来进行,其中改变层A的所述表面部分使得沉积在层A上的层B的结晶和/或晶粒形态也被改变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述层A包括数层重叠层Ai,并且至少一层Ai(i为1-n,且n≥1)经受所述等离子体处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述表面处理通过接连排列的一个或多个线性离子源来进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于利用向上和向下溅射技术来进行。
5.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,将所述线性离子源与用于沉积层A的真空沉积装置置于相同的区室中。
6.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,将所述线性离子源与用于沉积层A的真空沉积装置置于两个隔离的区室中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,将所述线性离子源以与基底平面成30°-90°的角度放置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述沉积方法由溅射方法构成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述真空沉积方法由基于PECVD的方法构成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,使用基于惰性气体、氧气或氮气的气体等离子体。
11.根据权利要求1所述的表面处理方法,其特征在于,所述线性离子源产生能量为0.05-2.5keV的准直离子束。
12.通过实施权利要求1-11之一所述的方法得到的基底,其特征在于,所述基底提供有多层涂层,所述涂层对于热辐射具有高反射性,并且由至少一个顺序排列的至少5层连续层构成,所述连续层即为:
-基于选自氧化锡和氧化钛的金属氧化物的第一层;
-沉积在第一层上的、基于氧化锌的金属氧化物层;
-银层;
-沉积在银层上的、选自镍铬、钛、铌和锆的金属层;和
-沉积在金属层上的上层,其包括选自氧化锡、氧化锌和氧化钛的金属氧化物或半导体。
13.通过实施权利要求1-11之一所述的方法得到的基底,其特征在于,所述基底提供由薄膜多层,所述薄膜多层包括交替的n层功能层B和(n+1)层涂层A,使得每层功能层B都处于两层涂层A之间,其中n≥1,所述功能层B对于红外和/或阳光辐射具有反射性能,其是基于银,所述涂层A包括一层或多层重叠的电介质层,其是基于氮化硅、或硅铝混合物、或氧氮化硅、或氧化锌,所述多层还包括吸收可见光的层,其是基于钛、镍铬或锆,这些层任选被氮化并且位于功能层之上和/或之下。
14.通过实施权利要求1-11之一所述的方法得到的基底,其特征在于,所述基底提供有薄膜多层,所述薄膜多层包括交替的n层功能层B和(n+1)层覆盖层A,其中n≥1,所述功能层B对于红外和/或阳光辐射具有反射性能,其本质上是金属性质的,所述多层一方面由一层或多层构成,所述层包括至少一层电介质层,是基于氧化锡或金属、或镍铬氧化物,另一方面,由至少一层功能层构成,所述功能层由银或含银的金属合金制成,(每层)功能层位于两电介质层之间。
15.通过实施权利要求1-11之一所述的方法得到的基底,其特征在于,所述基底包括薄膜多层,所述薄膜多层包括至少一个顺序排列的至少5层连续层,即:
-基于氮化硅的第一层;
-沉积在第一层上的、基于镍铬或钛的层;
-对于红外和/或太阳辐射具有反射性能的、基于银的功能层;
-在银层之上的、选自镍铬、钛、铌、和锆的金属层;和
-沉积在金属层上的、基于氮化硅的上层。
16.通过实施权利要求1-11之一所述的方法得到的基底,其特征在于,所述基底提供有薄膜多层,所述薄膜多层具有自清洁性能,其包括至少一层含有TiO2的功能层和用于异质外延的阻挡次层。
17.根据权利要求12-16之一所述的基底,其特征在于,所述基底欲用于汽车工业;或用于建筑物的单层或双层玻璃窗;曲面的商店陈列橱窗或柜台、保护绘画类型物品的玻璃窗、防眩电脑屏幕、或玻璃家具。
18.根据权利要求17所述的基底,其特征在于,所述基底是曲面的。
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