CN101273163B - 组分可变的可模塑织物 - Google Patents

组分可变的可模塑织物 Download PDF

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CN101273163B
CN101273163B CN2006800358301A CN200680035830A CN101273163B CN 101273163 B CN101273163 B CN 101273163B CN 2006800358301 A CN2006800358301 A CN 2006800358301A CN 200680035830 A CN200680035830 A CN 200680035830A CN 101273163 B CN101273163 B CN 101273163B
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compound
softening point
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warp
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CN101273163A (zh
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H·B·埃利埃泽
C·W·佩斯特里吉
H·J·海斯
K·M·格伦伯格
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Milliken and Co
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Abstract

一种复合结构,其结合有一层或多层以经向和/或纬向走向的可熔融粘合的轴向拉伸带状纤维元件的机织层,以及多个以纬向和/或经向走向的具有不同特性的元件。经线或纬线包括设置成与至少一个表面层(14)呈分层关系的芯层(12),其中该表面层包括软化点低于芯层聚合物软化点的聚合物。

Description

组分可变的可模塑织物
交叉引用
本申请要求于2005年9月27日提交的美国临时专利申请第60/720,820号的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及可热模压(thermo-moldable)的复合材料及其制造方法。更具体来说,本发明涉及加入有一定比例的可熔合(fusible)带状元件的机织结构的热塑性复合材料。该机织结构加入有所选择的具有预定特性的纬向和/或经向元件,以用于与可熔带状元件结合,从而使该结构上具有所需特性。本发明还提供了形成该复合材料的方法。
背景技术
已经有人提出,由涂有包括乙烯单元的丙烯共聚物层的聚丙烯薄膜形成带状结构,使涂层的软化点低于芯。这种带状结构公开于,例如美国专利第5,578,370中,在此将其教导内容整体引入作为参考。美国专利申请2004/0242103A1(作为参考引入)也提出形成单轴拉伸带状结构,其特征在于拉伸比相当大,并将聚烯烃中间层与一层或两层与中间层类型相同的聚烯烃的覆盖层结合在一起。外层的DSC熔点低于中间层,以促进热粘合。这种拉伸带状元件可以是交织的,以形成席垫(mat)结构,然后将其加热,从而将带状元件熔合就位。可以将多层这种交织席垫结构合并在一起,以形成厚度相当大的可模塑结构,其可以成型为三维结构。
尽管现有技术的可模塑席垫结构在许多终端用途中非常有用,但过去的结构通常不容易与下面的基质(如粘合剂、泡沫、橡胶和类似物)强力地粘合。在一些应用中,有可能需要将这些结构与下面的基质结构粘合。因此,需要提供一种系统,其在保持现有席垫结构提供的合意的模塑性特征的同时促进与这些基质的结合。还存在有对物理性质如强度增加的可模塑席垫结构的需求。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种复合结构,从而提供了优于现有技术的优势和/或替代品,该复合结构结合有一层或多层以经向和/或纬向走向的轴向拉伸带状纤维元件的席垫层,其交织有多个以纬向和/或经向走向的具有不同特性的元件。
附图说明
附图结合在本说明书中并构成其一部分,说明了根据本发明的几种示例性结构和方法,其与上文给出的本发明的概述和下文阐述的详细描述一起用于解释本发明的原理,其中:
图1示意性地图示了多层膜的横截面;
图2示意性地图示了由多层膜拉伸条带织成的织物;
图3示意性地图示了由多层膜拉伸条带织成的织物的形成过程;和
图4图示了用于加热压缩模塑的排列成堆叠关系的织物层的排列方式。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式,其中,尽可能地在各个视图中使用类似的参考数字来标注类似的组件。现在参考附图,图1描绘了多层聚合薄膜10的示例性结构,该多层聚合薄膜由位于表面层14、14′之间的芯层12制成。另外可选地,预计可以仅存在有单个表面层,从而产生芯层10与表面层14相邻接的结构。薄膜10可以通过任何常规的挤压这种多层聚合薄膜的方式形成。作为例子,而并非进行限定,薄膜10可以通过吹塑薄膜(blown film)或流延薄膜(castfilm)挤压形成。然后通过将薄膜10裂开,将薄膜10切割成多条具有所需宽度的纵向条带,形成厚度维度上的横截面如图1所示的条带。然后将薄膜10的条带拉伸,以增加芯层10的取向,以便使材料的强度和刚性增加。
预计薄膜10的芯层12优选由分子取向的热塑性聚合物制成。芯层12在其邻近的表面之间与每个表面层14、14′可容地粘合。进一步预计,表面层14、14′的软化温度或熔化温度低于芯层12。仅仅作为例子,预计芯层12是聚烯烃聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯。根据一个可能优选的实施方式,芯层12可以是聚丙烯或聚乙烯。芯层12可以占薄膜10的大约50-99wt.%,而表面层14、14′占薄膜10的大约1-50wt.%。芯层12和表面层14、14′由相同类别的材料组成,以提供再循环方面的优势,因为芯层12可以包括制造废料。
在聚丙烯芯层12的一个实施方式中,表面层14、14′的材料优选是丙烯和乙烯或α-烯烃的共聚物。通过使用丙烯-乙烯的无规共聚物,已经实现了特别有益的结果。优选地可以使用乙烯含量为大约1-25mol.%且丙烯含量为大约75-99mol.%的所述共聚物。进一步优选地可以使用比例为大约95mol.%丙烯/大约5mol.%乙烯的所述共聚物。对于表面层14、14′,可以使用聚烯烃,优选用茂金属催化剂制备的聚丙烯均聚物或聚丙烯共聚物来代替所述共聚物或与其组合。另外预计,在表面层14、14′中可以使用例如(聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯)(PMP)和聚乙烯的材料作为与这些共聚物的混料。表面层材料应当选择成表面层14、14′的软化点至少比芯层12的软化点低10℃,优选低大约15-40℃。这一差别的上限被认为并不关键,软化点的差异通常小于70℃。
如上所述,通过在横切于芯层12和表面层14、14′的分层取向的方向上将薄膜10裂开,可以将薄膜10切割成多条具有所需宽度的纵向条带。然后将薄膜10的条带拉伸,以增加芯层10的取向,以增加材料的强度和刚性。拉伸过程完成之后,产生的条带宽度为大约1.5至大约5毫米。
仅仅作为例子,而不是进行限定,相信一种特别有用的带状薄膜材料由在荷兰Sneek具有营业场所的Lankhorst/lndutech以PURE的商品名销售。
图2说明了由薄膜10的条带织成的席垫织物20。要理解的是,席垫织物20可以用于形成多层复合结构。如所示,席垫织物20优选包括多条沿席垫织物20的径向走向的薄膜10的经向条带24。径向条带24与所选择材料的纬向条带26交织,该纬向条带沿着纬向走向并与径向条带24呈横向关系。如所示,纬向条带26与径向条带24交织成给出的纬向条带以预订的交叉图案在径向条带24的上方和下方延伸。在图示的排列方式中,纬向条带26和径向条带24形成所谓的平纹组织,其中每个纬向条带26在席垫织物20的整个宽度上以重复方式在径向条带上方经过,然后在相邻的径向条带下方经过。但是,另外可以预计,可以同样使用本领域技术人员公知的任何数目的其它织纹结构。仅仅作为例子,而不是进行限定,预计纬向条带26在转移至一个或多个相邻径向条带下方的位置之前可以在两个或更多个相邻径向条带24之上经过,从而形成所谓的斜纹组织。同样预计,如果需要,席垫可以采用其它交织结构,其包括其它的织纹结构、针织结构、多轴结构、引纬、衬纬经编结构和类似结构。因此,术语“交织”是指包括任何结合相互接合形成条带的结构。
仅仅作为例子,上述席垫织物20的形成可以参考图3中的简化示意图理解。如图示,在形成过程中,薄膜10的径向条带24可以从卷轴34上展开,并分成两个或更多个薄片36、38,以用于加工。例如,在卷轴的宽度上,薄片36可以由偶数个径向条带构成,而薄片38可以由奇数个径向条带构成。如图示,薄片36、38穿过排列的综絖(harness)40、42,该综絖可以相对于彼此移动,以改变薄片36、38的相对位置,从而调节薄片之间的梭口或间距。本领域技术人员将会认识到,在织机32上,纬向条带26穿过薄片36、38之间的梭口插入,而薄片36、38彼此处于间隔的关系。如之前所示,可以将多个纬向条带26穿过梭口插入,使其在相对于薄片36、38的相同方向上并排排列。之后,可以对综絖40、42进行调节,以使薄片36、38的相对位置倒转。这种倒转打开了新的梭口,在重复该过程之前可以插入单个或多个纬向条带26。如所认识到,所描述的形成过程基本上模仿了本领域技术人员公知的标准机织方法。当然,应当理解到,尽管图中的方法图示为单连续加工线,但如果需要可以在不同的位置处执行个别的步骤或步骤的组合。
为了牢固地将径向条带24熔合到纬向条带26上,同时保持其间的交织空间关系,预计优选地在压力下对径向条带24和纬向条带26进行加热,加热至高于表面层14、14′的软化点、且低于芯层12的软化点的温度。在这样加热时,表面层14、14′将会熔化,而芯层12则会基本上保持固体,并且高度取向。当席垫织物20随后冷却时,表面层14、14′将会熔合在一起,从而形成固体基体,其中织有芯层12高度取向的刚性结构。此后可以在高于表面层14、14′软化点的温度下在加压加热的条件下对整个结构进行三维模塑,以形成复杂的形状。
如图4中所示,根据一个预计的实施方式,可以在加热加压之前将若干层席垫织物20堆叠成分层关系,以形成多层机织复合结构。席垫织物20的层可以由自身重复折叠的单一薄片形成,或者由若干分离、重叠的薄片形成。另外可选地,多层机织复合物可以通过将若干层先前熔合的机织席垫织物再加热而形成。可以使用这些方法中的任意者来形成具有所需厚度和层数的机织复合物。
多层20的固结(consolidation)优选在合适的温度和压力条件下进行,以促进界面粘合熔融以及熔化的表面层材料在层间的部分迁移。可以使用加热批次或印压机用于多层的固结。但是,预计任何其它合适的压力机同样可以用于提供合适的温度和压力的组合。根据可能优选的实施方式,加热在大约130-160℃和大约0.5至70巴的压力下进行。当暴露于这种高温高压下时,表面层14、14′将会熔化,同时芯层12基本上保持为固体。当冷却时,表面层14、14′将会熔合,从而形成基体,穿过其中分布有刚性芯层12。根据可能优选的实施方式,冷却在压力下进行,并冷却至低于大约115℃的温度。预计在冷却步骤中保持压力倾向于抑制收缩。不希望拘泥于任何具体理论,相信较高的压力可以促进聚合物在较低的温度下流动。因此,在压力范围的较高端(大于大约20巴),处理温度可以是大约90-135℃。而且,当使用这种较低的压力时,可以减少或消除在压力下冷却的需求。
至少部分地由于交织、高度取向的芯层12具有双轴取向,该芯层牢固地保持在熔合的表面层14、14′的基体内,由所描述的机织织物20形成的复合结构将会在很低的重量下在平面方向和法向方向上均表现出优异的机械强度特征。这种高强度、低重量的有益组合使这种复合物适合于多种用途。而且,这种结构高度适合于在高于表面层14、14′软化点的温度下的强制三维模塑方法。
根据一种预期的实施方式,多层聚合薄膜的纬向(纬线)条带和/或经向条带可以部分或全部地替换成具有选择成赋予织物和/或复合物某种特征的不同组成和物理特性的元件。在一个实施方式中,替换元件由软化点与主要经向和/或纬向元件的(多层)表面层差异为至少10℃的材料制成。在一些实施方式中,替换元件的软化点高于经向和纬向元件的(多层)表面层,在其它实施方式中,替换元件具有较低的软化点。优选地,替换元件由软化点与主要经向和/或纬向元件的(多层)表面层差异为至少20℃的材料制成。在另一个实施方式中,替换元件包括化学组成与内芯和/或经向和/或纬向元件的表面不同的的材料。在该应用中,化学组成不同是指材料的分子组成不同或相同的化学物质具有不同的比例或浓度。在另一个实施方式中,替换元件是非烯烃。在另一个实施方式中,插入的材料可以是带状元件、单丝纤维或复丝。作为例子,而不是进行限定,至少一定部分的组成不同的纬向和/或经线元件可以是棉、聚酯、尼龙、或其混合。作为进一步的非限定性例子,一些或所有的纬向元件可以是防弹复丝,例如KEVLAR
Figure 2006800358301_0
或类似物。防弹纱线的其他非限定性例子包括高韧度纱线,其表现出的比强度或“韧度”为大于10克/旦尼尔,更优选18克/旦尼尔。一种高韧度纱线是获自E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company称为Kevlar
Figure 2006800358301_1
或获自Teijin Twaron的称为Twaron
Figure 2006800358301_2
的芳族聚酰胺纱线。化学结构如下:
Figure S2006800358301D00061
另一种高韧度纱线是获自Toyobo Co.,Ltd.的称为Zylon的PBO纱线[聚(对亚苯基-2,6-苯并二噁唑)]。化学结构如下:
Figure S2006800358301D00062
另一种高韧度纱线是获自Kuraray Co.,Ltd.的称为Vectran
Figure 2006800358301_4
的聚芳香酯(液晶聚合物)。化学结构如下:
Figure S2006800358301D00071
在一个实施方式中,替换元件是替换一些或全部的可熔合单轴拉伸带状元件的纬向元件,这可很容易地在制造设定中实现。在另一实施方式中,可熔合单轴拉伸带状元件经向元件被插入的元件替换。在第三个实施方式中,替换元件在经向和纬向两个方向上都替换了一些可熔合单轴拉伸带状元件。这使最终复合结构具有物理特性的灵活性。优选地,经向和/或纬向上的插入或替换材料小于复合物的50wt%。对于具有结构整体性的复合物,至少一些可熔合单轴拉伸带状元件必须彼此跨过,以便能够熔合在一起。
插入的材料可以是带状形式或标准圆柱形式,或任何其它的可机织材料。材料可以具有光滑或变形的表面。而且,任何或所有的材料都可以通过本领域技术人员公知的方式经受阻燃剂(FR)化学处理,以使整个席垫织物或席垫织物内的独立区具有阻燃特性。阻燃纱线可以包括不可燃者,例如玻璃、芳族聚酰胺、部分氧化的丙烯腈、碳纤维、陶瓷和类似物。它们也可以是经涂层、浸渍的纱线,或者纤维结构中结合有下列化学基团。这些FR化学基团包括卤素、锑、三聚氰胺、和磷。在一个实施方式中,使用的材料是非烯烃。
插入材料的选择可以用来控制成品结构的特性。通过专门地使用适当的纬向元件,这些特性可以均匀地分布在结构中。另外可选地,通过将适当的纬向元件用于席垫织物20的特定区域中,然后改变纬向元件的特性,可以获得具有所需特性的离散区域。作为例子而不是进行限定,根据一种预期的实施方式,可以在加热加压之前将若干层席垫织物20以分层关系堆叠,以形成多层复合结构。席垫织物20的层可以由自身重复折叠的单一织物薄片形成。可以很容易地认识到,如果单一薄片含有其中使用了不同纬向元件的独立区域,则多层机织复合物也将含有具有不同特性的离散区域,该特性取决于纬向元件。另外可选地,织物20地层可以由若干分离、重叠的薄片形成。显然很容易的是,席垫织物的各个层可以含有相同或不同的纬向元件。而且,多层机织复合物可以通过将若干个先前由单层或多层席垫织物20形成的机织复合物在压力下加热而形成。在一个实施方式中,将10层或更多层熔合在一起,形成防弹薄板(panel)。可以使用这些方法中的任意者来形成具有所需厚度和层数的机织复合物。而且,材料的预先选择可以用于控制最终结构的特性。
作为非限定性例子,在许多不同的应用中非常需要增加复合结构的粘附性,以促进复合物和另一材料或粘合剂之间的粘合。一种可能的这种增强粘合的方式是通过将一个或更多个最外面的织物席垫结构中的纬向条带替换为非烯烃材料,例如棉、聚酯、尼龙及其混合。显然很容易的是,作为一个非限定性例子,在压力下加热后,将形成多层机织复合物,其中粘合能力增强的材料集中在复合物的最外侧区域(外表面)中,从而促进与其它材料如聚氨酯泡沫的粘合。
                       实施例
本发明可以参考下列的非限定性例子来进一步理解。
实施例1
通过将多个径向上的大小为2.2mm宽×65微米厚的之前所述的可熔合单轴拉伸带状元件与具有1020旦尼尔的单轴拉伸带状元件和棉2/1纱线的交替纬纱以斜纹组织机织,形成粘结层(tie layer)。该粘结层堆叠在3层牛皮纸(Kraft paper)(B级酚饱和的牛皮纸)和2层由经纬双向上的可熔合单轴拉伸带状元件织成的席垫之间。通过置于285
Figure 2006800358301_5
的印压机中并施加450psi的压力,将多层固结。4分钟后,将复合物冷却至200
Figure 2006800358301_6
。随后,释放压力,并从印压机中取出复合物。
对照实施例1
由3层牛皮纸(B级酚饱和的牛皮纸)和3层在经纬双向上由单轴拉伸带状元件(2.2mm宽和60微米厚)织成的织物席垫形成复合物。不使用棉纱。多层通过置于285下的印压机中并施加450psi的压力而固结。4分钟后,将复合物冷却至200。随后,释放压力,从印压机中取出复合物。
根据上述实施例产生的复合物的剥离强度显示在表1中。使用在90度下剥离的1″×6″样品对样品进行测试(ASTM D5170)。报道了从牛皮纸上分离含有单轴拉伸带状元件的固结薄片所需的平均剥离力。
  样品   平均剥离力(磅力)
  对照实施例1   0.00
  实施例1-经向   0.27
  实施例1-纬向   0.25
对照实施例2
如本说明书中所述,在Dornier剑杆织机上在经纬双向上由单轴拉伸带状元件(2.2毫米宽和60微米厚)形成对照实施例2。机织材料使用11epi×15ppi构造而成。带状元件的线性重量为1020旦尼尔(或1133dtex)。采用此构造,单位面积重量变为0.024Ib/ft2。如下所述将10层固结。
实施例2、3和4
在实施例2、3和4中,纬向上分别插入Twaron、Zylon和Vectran
Figure 2006800358301_11
复丝。在相同织机上,由相同的经纱作为100%带状元件样品,制造机织材料。复丝以交替方式与带状元件一起插入。以此方式,每隔一根纬纱是带状纱线,其间具有复丝。使用的具体纱线是11ppi(0.024Ib/ft2)的1500旦尼尔Twaron、15ppi(0.024Ib/ft2)的1000旦尼尔Zylon
Figure 2006800358301_13
、和12ppi(0.024Ib/ft2)的1500旦尼尔Vectran
Figure 2006800358301_14
。这3种材料的机织材料均设计成与对照实施例2的单位面积重量(或面密度)相同,均为0.024Ib/ft2
为用于球破裂试验(ball burst test),将对照实施例2和实施例2-4的机织织物固结的方法如下:
1.将热压机预热至300
2.将10层机织材料装配在一起,每层经向对准
3.将样品置于平板和薄膜之间
a)2块钢板
b)2片Kapton薄膜
4.将未固结的薄板插入至压板之间
5.在300psi下加压10分钟
a)在整个试验中保持压力
6.关闭加热
7.打开水冷却
a)在冷却过程中保持压力
8.当温度<180
Figure 2006800358301_17
关水
使用球破裂试验(ASTM D6797)作为指导原则进行性能测试。检测工具是直径为0.6″(15.2mm)的球形钢球,该球以20in/min(508mm/min)的事件率(incident rate)驱动。将直径为4″(102mm)的圆形样品与直径为2″(51mm)的未制动区紧紧地夹在一起。记录每个样品的负载和位移,结果总结在下表中。
 材料   织纹   峰值负载(Ib)  断裂能(Ib-in)
 对照实施例2   11×15   1358  308
 实施例2   11×11   1872  576
 实施例3   11×15   1903  587
 实施例4   11×12   2261  752
这些试验结果表明,含有Twaron
Figure 2006800358301_18
、Zylon
Figure 2006800358301_19
和Vectran
Figure 2006800358301_20
(实施例2-4)的样品的球破裂物理特性优于100%带状元件样品。
尽管本发明已经参考某些可能优选的实施方式和做法图示并描述,但应当理解到,图示和描述的实施方式和做法仅仅是说明性的,本发明绝不限于此。相反,充分预计的是本领域技术人员在阅读上述说明时和/或通过实施本发明将会显而易见地对本发明进行修改和变化。因此,本发明应当扩展到所有这些修改和变化,其可以在所附权利要求和其所有等同方式的全部精神和范围之内结合本发明的广义方面。

Claims (10)

1.一种交织复合物,其包括多层熔合机织层(20),每层机织层包括:
多个包括在第一方向上延伸的聚合物条带(10)的聚烯烃经向元件(24),其中所述条带包括设置成与至少一个表面层(14,14’)呈分层关系的芯层(12),所述芯层包括第一应变取向聚合物组合物并具有第一软化点,所述表面层包括软化点低于第一软化点的第二聚合物组合物;和
多个与经向元件呈交织关系的横切于第一方向延伸的聚烯烃纬向元件(26),所述聚烯烃纬向元件包括聚合物条带(10),其中所述条带包括设置成与至少一个表面层(14,14’)呈分层关系的芯层(12),所述芯层包括第一应变取向聚合物组合物并具有第一软化点,所述表面层包括软化点低于第一软化点的第二聚合物组合物;
其特征在于交织复合物的外表面上的机织层包括替换一些纬向元件的替换元件,其中替换元件包括化学组成不同于所述经向元件和所述纬向元件的聚合物条带的表面层的非烯烃材料,从而在复合物的外表面中提供增强的粘附能力,并且由此促进与另一材料的粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件的软化点与聚合物条带的表面层相差至少10℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件包括棉纱。
4.根据权利要求1所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件包括防弹复丝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件的韧度大于10克/旦尼尔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的交织复合物,其中所述交织复合物包括小于50wt%的替换元件。
7.一种交织复合物,其包括多层熔合机织层(20),每层机织层包括:
多个包括在第一方向上延伸的聚合物条带(10)的聚烯烃纬向元件 (26),其中所述条带包括设置成与至少一个表面层呈分层关系的芯层,所述芯层包括第一应变取向聚合物组合物并具有第一软化点,所述表面层包括软化点低于第一软化点的第二聚合物组合物;
多个与纬向元件呈交织关系的横切于第一方向延伸的聚烯烃经向元件(24),所述聚烯烃纬向元件包括聚合物条带(10),其中所述条带包括设置成与至少一个表面层(14,14’)呈分层关系的芯层(12),所述芯层包括第一应变取向聚合物组合物并具有第一软化点,所述表面层包括软化点低于第一软化点的第二聚合物组合物;
其特征在于交织复合物的外表面上的机织层包括替换一些经向元件的替换元件,其中替换元件包括化学组成不同于所述经向元件和所述纬向元件的聚合物条带的表面层的非烯烃材料,从而在复合物的外表面中提供增强的粘附能力,并且由此促进与另一材料的粘合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件的软化点与聚合物条带的表面层相差至少10℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件选自带状元件、单丝纤维和复丝。
10.根据权利要求7所述的交织复合物,其中所述替换元件包括防弹复丝。 
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