CN101257956A - 用于液体的过滤器 - Google Patents

用于液体的过滤器 Download PDF

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CN101257956A
CN101257956A CNA200680023439XA CN200680023439A CN101257956A CN 101257956 A CN101257956 A CN 101257956A CN A200680023439X A CNA200680023439X A CN A200680023439XA CN 200680023439 A CN200680023439 A CN 200680023439A CN 101257956 A CN101257956 A CN 101257956A
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filter
return film
filter element
function support
end plate
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M·科尔齐克
R·卢斯
D·卢卡斯
S·埃普利
H·贾伊尼克
R·布卢姆
J·克拉默
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Mann and Hummel GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F02M37/32—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by filters or filter arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
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    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/23—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B01D29/232—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
    • B01D35/147—Bypass or safety valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
    • B01D35/153—Anti-leakage or anti-return valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
    • B01D35/157—Flow control valves: Damping or calibrated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D35/14—Safety devices specially adapted for filtration; Devices for indicating clogging
    • B01D35/157—Flow control valves: Damping or calibrated passages
    • B01D35/1576—Calibrated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/16—Cleaning-out devices, e.g. for removing the cake from the filter casing or for evacuating the last remnants of liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/18—Heating or cooling the filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/03—Mounting or connecting of lubricant purifying means relative to the machine or engine; Details of lubricant purifying means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/20—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F02M37/32—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by filters or filter arrangements
    • F02M37/46—Filters structurally associated with pressure regulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/16—Valves
    • B01D2201/167—Single-way valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/29—Filter cartridge constructions
    • B01D2201/291—End caps
    • B01D2201/295—End caps with projections extending in a radial outward direction, e.g. for use as a guide, spacing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/30—Filter housing constructions
    • B01D2201/301—Details of removable closures, lids, caps, filter heads
    • B01D2201/305—Snap, latch or clip connecting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/34—Seals or gaskets for filtering elements
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/10—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters
    • F01M2001/105—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters characterised by the layout of the purification arrangements
    • F01M2001/1064—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters characterised by the layout of the purification arrangements comprising drains for oil to the carter, e.g. to recover spilled oil during change of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/03—Mounting or connecting of lubricant purifying means relative to the machine or engine; Details of lubricant purifying means
    • F01M2011/031—Mounting or connecting of lubricant purifying means relative to the machine or engine; Details of lubricant purifying means characterised by mounting means
    • F01M2011/033—Mounting or connecting of lubricant purifying means relative to the machine or engine; Details of lubricant purifying means characterised by mounting means comprising coolers or heat exchangers
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    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023—Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • F02M37/0029—Pressure regulator in the low pressure fuel system
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于液体的过滤器，其具有圆柱形的过滤元件(4)，此过滤元件可轴向插入到过滤器壳体(2，3)中，其中过滤元件(4)在装配后通过固定在过滤器壳体(2，3)中的至少一个密封件作为止回膜(7；10)，实现将待过滤的未过滤液体的回流装置封闭。止回膜(7；10)安装在过滤器的功能支架(5；8；16)上，使得止回膜形成过滤器的未过滤侧和已过滤侧的轴向和/或径向密封。

Description

用于液体的过滤器
本发明涉及一种用于液体的过滤器，尤其是按照独立权利要求的前序部分的用于油或内燃机燃料的用于液体的过滤器。
在传统的方法中，用于粘性介质，如油或燃料过滤的过滤元件由折叠的过滤材料制成，优选制成圆柱形。这类过滤元件可以是无金属的，并装有由薄膜、纸、塑料例如聚酰胺制成的端板或类似物。但是也可由金属端板和金属中间管来实施。过滤元件的褶通常连接于端板上，例如通过粘接、焊接或发泡粘接，然后将这些元件直接连接起来。
这种具有用于容纳过滤元件的中间管的实施形式常如此构建，即待滤介质流的未过滤侧和已过滤侧的彼此密封通过套在中间管上的O型圈实现，这些O型圈可在维修中更换。
例如，由DE100 46 494 A1公知，在一种用于内燃机油过滤的油滤器中使用了无金属的过滤元件。该过滤元件插入到壳体中，并用盖子封闭此壳体。为减少在内燃机静止时的回流，在壳体中常常装有止回阀。在此，至少一个密封件如此安装在过滤元件上，即其在给定的轴向活动范围内密封地紧压在过滤器壳体的壳体壁上。
为避免过滤器壳体在未过滤方向上流空，也常使用一种牢固地装在壳体中且弹簧加压的阀门。此止回阀在单独的安装步骤中装入壳体，并且止回阀通常由弹簧加压的阀盘、阀杆和阀座构成。此阀被旋入或插入壳体内，但这样的缺点通常在于，此类结构元件安装起来费用较高。
在DE 42 40 656 C2中举例描述了另一种用于内燃机燃料和/或润滑油的过滤器。此过滤器上设有底部出口，在插入过滤元件后，该出口就被过滤元件的端板密封。一旦过滤元件取出，出口就会打开，这样油就能通过排出孔流入到接收容器中。在此现有技术中也采用了止回阀，其由金属板构成，金属板由弹簧加载，并密封住未过滤油注入孔。为此需要不同的阀门组件。
此外，从US 5,413,712A也公知一种用于液体的过滤器，其圆柱形过滤元件的端板是由塑料制成，并与过滤元件相连接。此处安装附加的径向密封的橡胶膜作为止回膜(Ruecklaufsperrmembran)，此膜紧贴在端板上并在安装时一起插入。
本发明的基本任务在于，以简单的方式来改造按照独立权利要求的前序部分的过滤器，使得止回阀能以简单的方式制造并装入过滤器壳体中。
作为这类过滤器，按照本发明的用于液体的过滤器具有一种圆柱形的过滤元件，其可轴向插入过滤器壳体中，在安装好后，此过滤元件通过至少一个固定在过滤元件上的密封件作为止回膜，实现对用于待过滤的未过滤流体的回流装置的封闭。有利的是，将按照本发明的过滤器如此设计，即止回膜安装在过滤器的功能支架上，使其实现过滤器的未过滤侧和已过滤侧之间的轴向和/或径向的密封。
待滤液体例如可为车辆的内燃机的燃料和/或润滑油或甚至为水。优选将止回膜安装在功能支架的轴向凸出部上，使得止回膜在轴向上以预定的限定使止回膜柔性地贴靠在过滤器的密封面上。
特别有利的是，功能支架的轴向凸出部的尺寸使得在贴靠在过滤器壳体的肩部上时，其形成了止挡。于是，通过规定有利的凸出部的长度，于是在过滤元件插入并在肩部上止挡后，借助于为止回膜的柔性变形留出的空间，使得紧贴在密封面上的止回膜可实现预定的预紧。
此外，按照另一有利的实施形式，功能支架为与过滤元件固定连接的端板，止回膜连接在其上。所述端板如此实施，即设置有在侧面嵌入到过滤器壳体上的相应凹槽内的径向鼻，这些凹槽也是这样来定尺寸，即在径向紧固鼻贴靠时通过其形成止挡，因此，在将止回膜贴靠到过滤器壳体的密封面上时，借助于留出的空间形成可预设的预紧。
利用前述的实施形式可保证正确的安装，因为由此确保了止回膜的预紧不会过大，而且由于止挡的作用确保了过滤元件不会朝下沉降，还可以将不正确安装的过滤元件推到其密封座上。
采用如下的实施形式也是特别有利的，即功能支架为与过滤元件紧固连接的非金属中间管，其上牢固连接着止回膜。这样，以简单的方式就将例如由弹性体制成的膜装在中间管上，其阻止了过滤器壳体在相应安装状态下流空。该膜如此设计，即其借助于过滤器壳体上的相应突起，实现在未过滤区和已过滤区之间径向或轴向的密封。此实施例中止回膜是可更换的，并和过滤元件一起更换。
按照另一有利的实施形式，功能支架为固定在过滤器壳体上的非金属中间管，其上牢固连接有止回膜。然而中间管的实施形式必须是这样的，即使得过滤元件可朝着顶盖卸下。为此，膜必须由一种耐久的并且匹配于车辆寿命的材料构成，例如由相应的弹性体构成。中间管的材料在一定范围内可选，但应能完全焚化，故此处有利的特别是塑料如聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚甲醛、聚氨酯或同样的材料。
在有利的方式中，功能支架也可为与过滤元件固定连接的端板，其上连接有止回膜。对于许多使用情况同样特别有利的是，功能支架为借助于卡接连接与过滤元件连接的端板，其上连接有止回膜。在卡接到或者轴向推入到过滤元件的端面上时，径向的卡接鼻在滤带的轴向粘接部上从侧面卡入到过滤元件的折叠滤带的间隙中，以此形成了一种可以拆卸的连接。在此，还可以将固定在功能支架上的止回膜的弹性体延展部在径向和/或轴向上夹在功能支架和过滤元件之间以形成密封。
通过简单的方式，可以独立于过滤元件而预先制造这种由止回膜和功能支架构成的构件，并在安装过滤元件时通过简单的扳手装上，或再卸下。
在所有上述的实施形式中，止回膜可与功能支架粘接、焊接或借助于双组分方法(Zwei-Komponenten-Verfahren)固定连接。备选地也可以的是，通过耦接来实现止回膜与功能支架之间的可拆卸连接。
通过本发明的作为阀的止回膜的这种节省空间的实施形式，过滤器壳体可实施得极为紧凑。这种止回膜可成本有利地制造和安装，因此成本上优于由现有技术公知的弹簧载荷的罐笼式阀。按照本发明的止回膜能以成型件实施，并以有利的方式承担了O型圈的密封功能，于是在未过滤区和已过滤区之间必需的密封圈而现在则可省去。
下面结合附图描述按照本发明的过滤器的几个实施例。
图1现有技术用于液体的过滤器的原理性结构的剖面图；
图2a为如图1所示的过滤器的过滤元件的示意图，该过滤元件具有止回膜和在液流中未过滤侧的轴向密封；
图2b为如图1所示的过滤器的过滤元件的示意图，该过滤元件具有止回膜和在液流中未过滤侧的径向密封；
图3a为一种径向密封的止回膜的细节图，此止回膜采用双组分连接装在过滤元件的端板上；
图3b为一种轴向密封的止回膜的细节图，此止回膜采用双组分连接装在过滤元件的端板上；
图3c为一种径向密封的止回膜的细节图，此止回膜链接在过滤元件的端板上；
图3d为一种轴向密封的止回膜的细节图，此止回膜连接在过滤元件的端板上；
图3e为一种轴向密封的止回膜的另一种实施例的细节图，此止回膜连接在过滤元件的端板上；
图4为一种轴向密封的止回膜的示意图，此止回膜安装在过滤元件的两段式卡接中间管上；
图5为一种轴向密封的止回膜的示意图，此止回膜安装在过滤元件的整体式中间管上；
图6为一种径向密封的止回膜的示意图，此止回膜安装在过滤元件的整体式中间管上；
图7为止回膜的进一步的示意图，此止回膜安装在过滤元件的加长的中间管上；
图8a至图8c为按照图7的止回膜在中间管上安装的其它实施例；
图9为带有在过滤元件上的端板的实施例，此端板具有止挡，用于为止回膜形成确定的预紧；
图10为一个实施例，其中端板带有止回膜，并且可借助于卡接连接到过滤元件上；
图11为带有径向鼻的端板的一种实施的俯视图。
图1中示出了一种过滤器，其原理上与由现有技术DE 100 46 494 A1公知的用于燃料和润滑油的过滤器相符。待滤原液由入口1流入过滤器壳体中，该过滤器壳体由上部件2和下部件3组成。过滤器壳体中装有由锯齿状折叠的滤纸构成的过滤元件，其插到中间管5上，并在过滤器壳体组装时夹紧。原液流过过滤元件4和中间管5，经出口6流到净油区。
在此，止回膜7设置在过滤元件4的端板8上，止回膜7例如可由弹性体构成。其允许未过滤侧的液流通过，然而当液流中断时，例如内燃机停转时，其通过在过滤器壳体上的轴向或径向的贴靠，阻止了向进入通道1中的回流。从图2a和2b可推知止回膜7的运行机制原理，图2a显示了轴向密封，图2b显示了径向密封。
图3a至图3e示出了安装于端板8上的止回膜7的各种不同的实施形式。图3a和3b示出了粘接、焊接或用双组分方法装上的止回膜7，而图3c至图3e则显示了分别与端板8连接的止回膜7。
从图4可知止回膜7在分为两段的中间管5上的安装，由图5和图6可知止回膜7在为整体的中间管5上的安装。
图7示出了一个实施例，其中止回膜7在中间管5上的安装产生密封突缘9，通过该密封突缘，可以实现在中间管5和壳体下部3之间(参看图1)的径向密封。由图8a还可知一种通过密封突缘9实现的轴向密封的可能性，从图8b和8c可知更多的对按照图7的装置的补充的密封可能方式。
图9对图3a至3c所示出的作了补充，它显示了当端板8作为功能支架时，止回膜10如何安装在端板8上，尤其是如何安装在作为端板的轴向凸出部11的突起上。这里也是通过一种弹性体注塑包封端板8的这个部分以形成止回膜10，而且这里还集成有径向密封12，以在内部密封颈13上形成密封。轴向凸出部11的长度如此规定，即当贴靠在过滤器壳体的肩部14上时构成通过该凸出部形成止挡，使得在止回膜10贴靠在过滤器壳体的密封面上时，通过留出的空间(箭头15)形成可预设的预紧。
图10还示出了端板16作为功能支架的一种替代的实施形式，在这种实施形式中，在其外围带有所谓的卡接鼻17，于是能借助于与过滤元件4的卡接链接，将止回膜10和端板16连接。在卡接到或者轴向推入到过滤元件4的端面上时，卡接鼻17在滤带的轴向粘接部18上从侧面卡入到过滤元件4的折叠滤带的间隙中，以此形成了一种可以拆卸的连接。
在此也可径向和/或轴向在端板16、17与过滤元件4之间注塑出止回膜10的弹性体的延展部，并在安装时压住以实现密封。
端板20按照图11如此实施，即与按照图10的端板16不同的是安装有若干径向鼻21，这些径向鼻从侧面嵌入到过滤器壳体上相应的此处未示出的凹槽中，例如其通过图2a和2b所示的下部件3示出的那样。凹槽的尺寸于此应如此规定，即在径向鼻21贴靠的情况下，通过凹槽形成止挡，这样，当止回膜贴靠在过滤器壳体的密封面上时，通过留出的空间可形成预设的预紧。
本发明例如可适用于汽车技术中，特别是用于液体的过滤器，特别是用于油或燃料。

Claims (11)

1、用于液体的过滤器，其具有圆柱形的过滤元件(4)，此过滤元件可轴向插入到过滤器壳体(2，3)中，其中过滤元件(4)在装配后通过固定在过滤器壳体(2，3)中的至少一个密封件作为止回膜(7)，实现将待过滤的未过滤液体的回流装置封闭，其特征在于：止回膜(7)安装在过滤器的功能支架(5；8)上，使得止回膜形成过滤器的未过滤侧和已过滤侧的轴向和/或径向密封。
2、按照权利要求1所述的过滤器，其特征在于，止回膜(7)由弹性体构成，它安装在功能支架的轴向的凸出部上，使得止回膜(7)在轴向上以预定的限定柔性地贴靠在密封面上。
3、按照权利要求2所述的过滤器，其特征在于，功能支架(8)的轴向凸出部(11)如此确定尺寸，使得在贴靠到过滤器壳体的肩部(14)上后通过该凸出部形成止挡，从而通过凸出部(11)的长度，使贴靠到密封面上的止回膜(10)形成预定的预紧。
4、按照权利要求1或2所述的过滤器，其特征在于，功能支架是与过滤元件(4)固定连接的非金属的中间管(5)，在该中间管上固定连接着止回膜(7)。
5、按照权利要求1或2所述的过滤器，其特征在于，功能支架是在过滤器的壳体(2，3)中固定安装的非金属的中间管(5)，在该中间管上固定连接着止回膜(7)。
6、按照权利要求1、2或3所述的过滤器，其特征在于，功能支架是与过滤元件(4)固定连接的端板(8)，在该端板上连接着止回膜(7)。
7、按照权利要求1所述的过滤器，其特征在于，功能支架是与过滤元件固定连接的端板(20)，在该端板上连接着止回膜，其中端板(20)如此构造，即在此装有径向鼻(21)，该径向鼻从侧面卡入到过滤器壳体的相应的凹槽内，并且凹槽如此确定尺寸，使得当径向鼻(21)贴靠时通过该凹槽形成止挡，由此当止回膜贴靠到过滤器壳体的密封面上时，可通过留有的空间形成可预定的预紧。
8、按照权利要求1、2或3所述的过滤器，其特征在于，功能支架是借助于卡接连接与过滤元件(4)连接的端板(16)，在该端板上连接有止回膜(7)，其中端板(16)的径向卡接鼻(17)在滤带的轴向粘接部上从侧面嵌入到过滤元件(4)的折叠滤带的间隙中，并且在此将止回膜(10)的延展部在径向和/或轴向上夹在功能支架(16、17)和过滤元件(4)之间以形成密封。
9、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的过滤器，其特征在于，止回膜(7)与功能支架(5；8)通过粘接、焊接或借助于双组分方法固定连接。
10、按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的过滤器，其特征在于，止回膜(7)与功能支架(5；8)通过耦接可拆卸地连接。
11、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的过滤器，其特征在于，待过滤的液体是用于机车中内燃机的燃料和/或润滑油。
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