CN101243026B - 农用组合物 - Google Patents
农用组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101243026B CN101243026B CN2006800296362A CN200680029636A CN101243026B CN 101243026 B CN101243026 B CN 101243026B CN 2006800296362 A CN2006800296362 A CN 2006800296362A CN 200680029636 A CN200680029636 A CN 200680029636A CN 101243026 B CN101243026 B CN 101243026B
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- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010678 thyme oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001019 trigonella foenum-graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical group [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013976 turmeric Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001841 zingiber officinale Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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Abstract
本发明提供用于将钙施用给植物的农用组合物,其包含(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。该组合物尤其包括二苯脲作为植物生长素模拟物。还包括含有所述组合物的制剂和其使用方法。
Description
本发明涉及农用组合物,尤其是肥料组合物。
植物健康生长需要多种营养。这些包括大量营养素例如氮、磷、钾、碳和水,次级营养素例如钙、镁、钠、氯化物和硫,以及微量营养素,包括铜、钴、铁、锰、硼、钼、锌、硅和镍。
将特别的次级和微量营养素引入到植物可能很难。即使其以很大的量存在于土壤中,对于植物其利用度可能很低。
钙在维持细胞壁强度和细胞膜完整性方面很重要。为了确保农作物的品质,这两种特性必不可少,尤其是对水果和蔬菜作物,其提供和保持足够的储藏期限。由于植物生理学、环境或生长条件,植物中的钙分布可能不均衡,且局部区域缺乏。植物作为整体可能不缺乏钙,但该植物的某些部分钙可能很低,对植物的该特定部分造成困难。这可因为在植物内钙摄取和运转不稳定而发生,钙通过植物蒸腾流被动运转。这限制了低失水区例如那些被遮蔽的部分或地下部分钙的通过量。
因此,需要将补充钙作为改良品质的有用工具。然而,让钙进入植物组织有困难。植物通过摄取水溶性钙来吸收钙。非水溶性钙盐例如碳酸钙不能被吸收,因此石灰质土壤环境或加入这样的盐并不能用于解决这一问题;甚至碳酸钙可能引起根损伤。
影响钙被植物组织或器官吸收并在植物组织或器官周围分布的其它因素之一是该组织或器官的植物生长素含量。植物生长素是一种植物激素,其化学名为吲哚-3-乙酸,也称为IAA。植物生长素含量高的植物区域可更容易地吸收钙,其起植物的钙库作用。某些组织和器官的植物生长素天然地比别的部分高。种子、新叶或嫩枝、花和分生组织的植物生长素都很高,可作为钙库;然而成熟的叶、根和茎的植物生长素含量都很低。根据作物生理学,主要的钙库在整个季节中依照植物的发育阶段变化。作物管理也可影响这一点。通过催育新叶或花,可从植物的其它区域吸收钙,以供给催育生长,而让那些区域低钙。植物生长素低的植物区域通常低钙,其可导致植物那些区域的品质降低。当植物在罕有的热或冷条件下生长时,就会出现特别的问题。这是因为在高温或低温期间,植物产生植物生长素的能力降低了,其可降低钙转运到分生组织,而钙对细胞分裂必不可少,因而在这样的条件下就可能出现生长减慢。
过去曾经尝试过通过给低钙植物组织供给外源植物生长素连同供给钙来解决低钙含量。尽管植物组织能够吸收并保留以该方式供给的钙,但因为植物生长素是一种强力植物激素,这种方式对作物的生长平衡可能有有害作用。
因此,需要解决将钙在正确的时间提供到植物的正确的部分这一问题的手段。
本申请者现已发现改进的将钙施用到植物尤其是将钙提供到低植物生长素的植物组织的方式。他们现在业已发现使植物在按常规将不能摄取和保留钙的环境或状态中摄取和保留钙的手段。
本发明提供农用组合物,其包括:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
用于本发明的合适的水溶性钙盐包括硝酸盐、硫酸盐和氯化物,且优选硝酸盐和氯化物。
水溶性钙盐以最高达15%w/w的量合适地存在于本发明组合物或制剂中,优选1-15%w/w,更优选2-15%,例如2-10%w/w,最优选4-6%w/w,例如5%w/w左右。
水溶性钙盐可以固体粉末存在。其可例如呈微粒或细粒形式。在这种形式中水溶性钙盐可用植物生长素模拟物来包被。
本文所用术语“植物生长素模拟物”意即能够在植物内产生由植物激素植物生长素天然产生的一种或多种作用的化合物。对于本发明,优选弱植物生长素模拟物,其不足以引起不想要的强植物生长素生长反应。尤其优选的为那些除植物生长素样特性之外还能在植物内产生由植物激素细胞分裂素天然产生的一种或多种作用的植物生长素模拟物。这样的植物生长素模拟物的植物生长素样作用由细胞分裂素样特性来平衡,其使得可以增加钙吸收而无不想要的生长模式。植物生长素模拟物可为天然或合成的植物生长素模拟物。
植物生长素模拟物为芳基取代的脲。
本文所用术语“芳基”包括任选取代的芳香族基,其可为碳环(例如苯基)或杂环,在杂环内其含有一个或多个杂原子,例如氮、氧或硫。杂环芳基实例为吡啶基。芳基合适的任选的取代基包括诸如卤代基(例如氯代)、硝基、羟基(例如苯酚)和C1-6烷基(例如甲基或乙基)等基团。取代基应该使化合物保留作为植物生长素模拟物的特性。
具体的芳基实例为任选取代的苯基。
芳基取代的脲可为不对称取代,或优选对称取代。实例包括氯-吡啶基-苯脲(CPPU)。植物生长素模拟物优选不对称或对称取代的二苯脲(DPU)或其衍生物(如上所述,其中一个或两个苯基任选被取代)。实例包括二苯脲(DPU)、2-硝基DPU(NDPU)、单-甲基DPU或二-甲基DPU和单-乙基DPU或二-乙基DPU。植物生长素模拟物最优选二苯脲(DPU),其也被称为碳酰苯胺。尤其优选DPU是因为低施用比率时,其表现出细胞分裂素样特性,但较高施用比率时,其还表现出植物生长素样特性。
植物生长素模拟物的合适来源为海藻提取物。
植物生长素模拟物以最高达5%w/w、优选0.001-5%w/w、更优选0.005-5%w/w、最优选0.01-5%w/w的比率合适地存在于本发明组合物或制剂内。DPU可以10g/L的比率存在于例如施用的制剂中。植物生长素模拟物可以20-2000ppm范围、优选30-300ppm范围、最优选20-200ppm范围、例如50-100ppm的浓度存在于本发明组合物中。
本发明因为其通过防止局部区域缺钙来提高细胞的完整性而有利。可用本发明来靶向低钙植物部分,尤其是那些待收获的部分,通过增加那些部分的钙摄取将钙引入那些部分。本发明可平衡植物的钙库,使得植物可将施予的钙保留在施予的或需要的地方。尽管常规钙肥可能能够增加整个植物的钙含量,但本发明可改善植物那些缺钙的部分的钙摄取。由此提高了抗病(例如真菌病)性。本发明用于减少与缺钙有关的生理学疾病,包括蒂腐病(在西红柿、胡椒、茄子和黄瓜农作物中观察到)、花果败育、香蕉形(banana shape)、核仁败育(在玉米农作物中观察到)和失调的屋顶长生花(the disorder hen andchickens)(在葡萄农作物中观察到)。其也可通过提高植物的收获部分的钙吸收改善储藏期限。本发明也用于预防或减轻发生在局部缺钙区域的植物的疾病或感染,例如根疾病、秆腐病、荚果腐病等等。其也能改进地下作物的块根和匍匐枝的与钙有关的问题。本发明因能够改进钙摄取并藉此改进罕有的热或冷环境期间的生长习惯而有利。其使得植物能在通常可摄取钙的温度范围之外的温度吸收钙。在这样的条件下不能吸收常规钙肥,因为植物的植物生长素生产减慢了或中断了。本发明因改进钙摄取从而改良食物品质而尤其有利。
本发明组合物也可包含一种或多种其它农业上可接受成分。这样的成分的实例包括水、另外的营养物质、弱酸、植物油、精油、代谢刺激剂、乳化剂、稠化剂、着色剂、助悬剂、分散剂、载体或赋形剂和湿润剂。
当存在另外的营养物质时,优选其呈水溶性盐的形式。合适的是,营养矿物质的水溶性盐为另外的次级营养素的水溶性盐,例如镁、钠、氯化物和硫,或为微量营养素的水溶性盐,具体而言为铜、钴、铁、锰、硼、钼、锌、硅和镍。若本发明组合物还包含锌、铁、锰和/或硼,其尤其有利。包含在本发明中的水溶性营养盐的具体实例包括硝酸盐、硫酸盐和氯化物。具体的实例包括硝酸锌、硫酸铁、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸锰、硝酸铁或硝酸锰。可以固体粉末存在的水溶性营养盐以最高达10%v/v、优选5-10%v/v、最优选4-6%v/v的量适当地存在于组合物中。
在本发明用于于低温提供所需的钙供应的情况下,本发明组合物存在锌有利,因为锌可帮助植物在新生长的脆弱区域忍受冷的环境。
另外,本发明组合物可包含另外的营养产品和/或用作作物营养的生长刺激剂,例如海藻提取物粉、腐植酸和黄腐酸粉和氨基酸粉。
包含在本发明组合物中的合适的植物油包括菜籽油(油菜籽油)、大豆油、棉籽油、蓖麻油、亚麻籽油和棕榈油。
用于本发明组合物的合适的乳化剂包括任何已知的农业上可接受的乳化剂。具体而言,乳化剂可包含表面活性剂,例如:通常为磺酸烷基芳基酯、乙氧基化醇、聚烷氧基化丁基醚、烷基苯磺酸钙、聚亚烷基乙二醇醚和丁基聚亚烷基氧化物嵌段共聚物,它们为本领域所知。壬基苯酚乳化剂例如Triton N57TM为乳化剂实例,其可用于本发明组合物中,还有聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酯,例如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单月桂酸酯(ICI以“TweenTM”商品名出售)。在某些情况下,可优选天然有机乳化剂,尤其是对于有机农业应用。椰子油例如椰子二乙醇酰胺为这样的化合物的实例。也可使用棕榈油产品,例如硬脂酸十二烷基酯。
可存在于本发明组合物的稠化剂实例包含胶(例如黄原胶)或木素磺化盐复合物,其如本领域所知。具体而言,甜菜糖蜜提供良好的天然稠化剂,其也起着色剂和植物糖分和激素来源的作用。稠化剂可以0.01-1.00%w/w范围、例如以0.1-0.9%w/w的范围、例如0.5%w/w左右的浓度存在。
可包括于本发明组合物的合适的助悬剂包括亲水胶体(例如多糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或羧甲基纤维素钠)和膨胀性粘土(例如膨润土或凹凸棒石(attapulgite))。
用于本发明组合物的合适的湿润剂包括阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性离子型表面活性剂或非离子型表面活性剂,其如本领域所知。
此外,组合物适当地包含弱酸。本文所用表述“弱酸”指弱有机酸,例如乙酸、柠檬酸、腐植酸、黄腐酸或丙酸。
本申请者业已发现,这些酸的存在改进了植物对营养的摄取,尤其是氮和次级营养素或微量营养素的摄取。结果,包含这些酸产生有利的效果。这些有利的效果可包括提高植物生长。更有代表性的是,这种处理将改善植物生长的品质,具体而言为,可如需要提高生长类型或生长习性。通常,更好地营养摄取和分布的结果是,将改善植物的营养含量。这是同时待决的英国专利申请第0506047.0号的主题。
应该包括在组合物中的弱酸的量合适地为0.05-3%w/w的量,例如约1%w/w。这些相对小的量足以降低组合物的pH,充分提供下述优势。
本发明组合物可进一步包含一种或多种精油或其活性成分。所述组合物可适当地含有不超过5%w/w的精油,更合适地不超过3%w/w,优选不超过1.5%w/w的精油。例如,组合物可含有不超过1%w/w的精油。
本文所用表述“精油”指可自植物得到的天然芳香油。特别的精油包括万寿菊油,例如自万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)得到的油;和百里香油,例如自百里香(Thymus vulgaris)得到的油;冬青油、迷迭香油、大蒜油;来自藜属(Chenopodium)、古柯属(Erythroxylum)、丁香属(Eugenia)、白珠树属(Gaultheria)、肉豆蔻属(Myristica)、蒲桃属(Syzygium)、黄叶树属(Xanthophyllum)、樟属(Cinnamonium)、Gualtheria、棉属(Gossypium)和薄荷属(mentha)的油。然而,包含于本发明组合物中的精油可从大范围的植物科中得到,包括那些列入以下表1中的科。该表也包括在这些科内发现的具体的种的实例。
表1
科
爵床科(Acanthaceae)
鸭嘴花(拉丁名Adhatoda vasica,英文名malabar nut)
漆树科(Anacardiaceae)
腰果(拉丁文Anacardium occidentale,英文名cashew nut)
番荔枝科(Annonaceae)
牛心番荔枝(拉丁名Annona reticulata,英文名bullocks heart)
番荔枝(拉丁名Annona squamosa,英文名custard apple)
肉豆蔻(拉丁名Monodora myristica,英文名nutmeg)
伞形科(Apiacea或umbelliferae)
莳萝(拉丁名Anethum graveolens,英文名dill)
葛缕子(拉丁名carum carvi,英文名caraway)
具苞蔓芹(拉丁名Carum roxburghianum,英文名Bishopsweed)
茴芹(拉丁名Pimpinella anisum,英文名aniseed)
夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)
欧洲夹竹桃(拉丁名Nerium oleander,英文名oleander)
天南星科(Araceae)
菖蒲(拉丁名Acorus calamus,英文名flagroot)
菊科(Asteraceae)
藿香蓟(拉丁名Ageratum conzyaides,英文名goatweed)
黄金艾蒿(拉丁名Artemesia vulgaris,英文名mugwort)
艾纳香(拉丁名Bulmea balsamifera,英文名camphor)
野菊花(拉丁名Chrysanthemum indicum,英文名manzanilla)
广木香(Sausurea lappa)
向日葵(拉丁名Helianthus annus,英文名sunflower)
十字花科(Brassicaceae)
萝卜(拉丁名Raphanus sativus,英文名radish)
苏木科(Caesalpiniaceae)
海芒果(拉丁名Erythrophleum suaveolens,英文名ordeal tree)
山柑科(Cappardaceae)
Bosica senegalensis
Cleome monophylla
卫矛科(Celastraceae)
苦皮藤(拉丁名Celastrus angulatus,英文名Chinese bittersweet)
藜科Chenopodiacea
土荆芥(拉丁名Chenopodium ambrosiodes,英文名Sweetpigweed)
藤黄科(Clusiaceae)
红厚壳(拉丁名Calophyllum inophyllgum,英文名luarelwood)
旋花科(Convulvulaceae)
田旋花(拉丁名Convolvulus aryensis,英文名field bindweed)
葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)
苦瓜(拉丁名Momordica charantia,英文名Balsam pear)
龙脑香科(Dipterocarpaceae)
娑罗双树(拉丁名Shorea robusta,英文名sal tree)
杜鹃花科(Ericaeae)
鹿蹄草(拉丁名Gaultheria procumbens,英文名wintergreen)
大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)
麻疯树(拉丁名Jatropha curcus,英文名Physic nut)
豆科(Fabaceae)
甄叔迦树(拉丁名Butea frondosa,英文名flame of the forest)
墨西哥丁香(拉丁名Gliricidia sepium,英文名Madre de Cacao)
补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia)
水黄皮(拉丁名Pongamia glabra,英文名karanja)
胡芦巴(拉丁名Trigonella foenum,英文名fenugreek)
禾本科(Graminaceae)
玫瑰草(拉丁名Cymbopgon martini,英文名gingergrass)
水稻(拉丁名Oryza sativa,英文名rice)
唇形科(Laminaeae)
Bystropogon spp.
左手香(拉丁名Coleus amboinicus,英文名oregano)
穗序山香(拉丁名Hyptis spicigera,英文名black sesame)
山香(Hyptis suaveolens)
薰衣草(拉丁名Lavendula angustifolia,英文名layender)
薄荷(拉丁名Mentha arvensis,英文名cornmint)
欧薄荷(拉丁名Mentha longifolia,英文名Horsemint)
辣薄荷(拉丁名Mentha piperita,英文名peppermint)
留兰香(拉丁名Mentha spicata,英文名spearmint)
罗勒(拉丁名Ocimum basilicum,英文名sweet basil)
樟脑罗勒(拉丁名Ocimum canum,英文名American basil)
非洲罗勒(Ocimum kilimandscharicum)
丁香罗勒(拉丁名Ocimum suave,英文名wild basil)
牛至(拉丁名Origanum vulgare,英文名oregano)
广藿香(Pogostemon heyneanus)
迷迭香(拉丁名Rosmarinus officinalis,英文名rosemary)
鼠尾草(拉丁名Salvia officinalis,英文名sage)
百里香(拉丁名Thymus vulgaris,英文名garden thyme)
溪岸四齿花(Tetradenia riparia)
樟科(Lauraceae)
玉桂(拉丁名Cinnamomum aromaticum,英文名cassia)
月桂(拉丁名Luaris nobilis,英文名sweet bay)
百合科(Liliaceae)
葱属(Allium)
大蒜(拉丁名Allium sativum,英文名garlic)
楝科(Meliaceae)
印楝(拉丁名Azadirachta indica,英文名neem)
楝树(拉丁名Melia azedarach,英文名Persian lilac)
防已科(Menisperaceae)
南美防己(拉丁名Cissampelos owariensis,英文名Pareira brava)
紫金牛科(Myrsinaceae)
白花酸藤果(Embelia ribes)
桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)
桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)
柠檬桉(拉丁名Eucalyptus citriodara,英文名lemon-scented gum)
蓝桉(拉丁名Eucalyptus globus,英文名Blue gum tree)
Eucalyptus terreticomis
番石榴(拉丁名Psidium guajava,英文名guava)
丁香(拉丁名Syzygium aromaticum,英文名clove)
肉豆蔻科(Myristicaceae)
肉豆蔻(拉丁名Myristica fragrans,英文名mace)
胡椒科(Piperaceae)
爪哇胡椒(拉丁名Piper cubeda,英文名java long pepper)
黑胡椒(拉丁名Piper guineense,英文名Ashanti pepper)
胡椒(拉丁名Piper nigrum,英文名black pepper)
毛莨科(Ranun culaceae)
黑种草(拉丁名Nigella sativa,英文名black cumin)
芸香科(Rutaceae)
木橘(拉丁名Aegle marmelos,英文名Bengal quince)
来檬(拉丁名Citrus aurantifolia,英文名lime)
柠檬(拉丁名Citrus limon,英文名lemon)
葡萄柚(拉丁名Citrus paradisi,英文名grapefruit)
红肉脐橙(拉丁名Citrus sinensis,英文名sweet orange)
象果(拉丁名Limonia acidissima,英文名roem)
竹叶花椒(拉丁名Zanthoxylum alatum,英文名prickly ash)
苦木科(Simarubaceae)
苦木树Quassia Africana
茄科(Solanaceae)
菜椒(拉丁名Capsicum annum,英文名bell pepper)
辣椒(拉丁名Capsicum frutescens,英文名Tabasco)
番茄(拉丁名Lycopersicon esculentum,英文名tomato)
烟草(拉丁名Nicotiana tabacum,英文名tobacco)
催眠睡茄(拉丁名Withania somnifera,英文名winter cherry)
马鞭草科(Vebenaceae)
长管假茉莉(Clerodendron siphonanthus)
马樱丹(拉丁名Lanatana camara Lantana camara,英文名yellowsage)
霍香花(拉丁名Lippia geminata,英文名wild sage)
黄荆(拉丁名Vitex negundo,英文名begunnia)
姜科(Zingiberaceae)
摩洛哥豆蔻(拉丁名Afromomum melagueta,英文名grains ofpleasure)
红豆蔻(拉丁名Alpinia galanga,英文名greater galangal)
姜黄(拉丁名Curcuma longa,英文名tumeric)
生姜(拉丁名Zingiber officinale,英文名ginger)
术语“其活性成分”指精油内可在植物中引发想要的活性的化学物。这样的活性包括代谢刺激作用、抗微生物作用、杀昆虫或节肢动物作用或排斥作用、抗病毒作用和病毒修复作用。这些油可单独存在,或可包括不同的油的组合。
当精油包括于本发明组合物中时,其可刺激施用该组合物的植物的代谢,由此通过根摄取或叶吸收增加钙的摄取和利用。优选选择精油或其活性成分能增加植物利用钙的通道的代谢活性。结果,植物将吸收更多的钙以满足其需求,因此可获得组合物各成分间的协同作用。例如,冬青油或类似的油刺激对钙的需求,与此相反,钙刺激对冬青油中存在的化合物的需求。因此,本发明组合物包含冬青油或类似的油或其活性成分有利。
冬青油的主要成分为水杨酸甲酯,因此水杨酸甲酯可用于代替冬青油本身,但可使用其它的水杨酸酯化合物,例如水杨酸或其酯,尤其是烷基酯,例如C1-10烷基酯。优选用于组合物的水杨酸酯化合物呈精油形式,因为这些形成了易于使用的活性组分的来源,其易与组合物混合。包括水杨酸或水杨酸酯的精油实例包括上述冬青油,但也包括来自藜属、古柯属、番樱桃属、白珠树属、肉豆蔻属、蒲桃属、黄叶树属、樟属、Gualtheria、棉属和薄荷属的油。
另外的实例是将刺激与产生植物生长素有关的路径的精油掺入到本发明组合物中。这样的精油可协同工作以提高钙摄取。
除了精油和其活性成分之外,还存在其它可用于本发明组合物的作用剂,以产生有利的代谢刺激作用。例如,包含在本发明组合物中的细胞分裂素可用于增加钙需求。
随钙提供的精油还可在特定组织中通过上调需要钙的活动而刺激局部需求,来引导供给的钙流。作为实例,细胞分裂增加钙流向分生组织,因此,将包括刺激细胞分裂的精油的本发明组合物施用于例如植物的叶子,将起到提高该分生组织的钙含量的作用。
另外,很多精油具有抗微生物活性或为昆虫或节肢动物和线虫驱虫剂或具杀灭活性,这些可包括在本发明组合物中。
可将本发明农用组合物以任何常规方式(例如通过土壤或叶面施肥)施用给植物,具体而言为农作物植物。若需要可将它们施用到根系统、茎、种子、谷粒、块茎、花、果实等等。施用手段实例包括喷洒,例如借助静电喷雾器或其它常规喷雾器,或滴灌法或灌溉施肥系统,其包括直接施用到土壤以便使钙通过根摄取。
可使本发明组合物适于施用手段,例如制备为与所施用手段匹配的形式。本发明组合物可采用液态或固态浓缩物的形式,其需要在施用前稀释。可使组合物形成例如水分散粒剂、慢释或快释粒剂、可溶性浓缩物、可与油混溶的液体、超低体积液剂、可乳化浓缩物、可分散浓缩物、水包油和油包水乳剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂浓缩物、气雾剂、胶囊悬浮剂和种子处理剂。可用合适的抛射剂(例如正丁烷)制备组合物的气雾剂形式。在任何情况下所选剂型取决于设想的具体目的和组合物的物理、化学和生物学特性。
用任何常规技术和方法可制备本发明组合物。例如,可通过本发明组合物单独或与一种或多种粉末固态稀释剂或载体成粒来形成颗粒剂。可通过任何合适的常规手段制备水溶性钙盐颗粒,将植物生长素模拟物例如DPU涂在颗粒上。通过使本发明组合物在水或有机溶剂(例如酮、醇或二醇醚)中混合可制备可分散浓缩物。通过使本发明组合物任选与一种或多种分散剂在合适的介质中混合以产生混悬液可制备悬浮浓缩物。混悬液中可包括一种或多种湿润剂,可包括助悬剂以降低沉降速率。
本发明另外的方面提供施用给植物或植物环境的制剂,该制剂包含本发明组合物和组合物可分散或溶解于其中的介质。
合适的介质包括用于组合物的任何已知的分散剂或溶剂,例如水或水易混溶的液体,例如正丙醇。优选介质可提供可用于常压手动操作的喷雾泵的制剂。介质优选溶剂,最优选水。
使用的分散剂或溶剂(例如水)的量将取决于施用制剂的具体方式和待施用的部位。一般而言,本发明制剂可含有10-20%v/v的本发明组合物,其余的为分散剂或溶剂,例如水。
本发明另外方面提供为植物供给钙的方法,该方法包括将本发明组合物或制剂施用给植物或植物所处环境。
本发明适用于大部分农作物,但具体而言其可用于处理温室作物、蔬菜和果类作物。
本发明具有以下特定用途。当施用到块茎、花或果实时,其可减轻或防止蒂腐病和苹果苦陷病。当施用到根系统例如洋葱头时,其可减少根疾病,减少根分泌物。当施用到茎时,尤其是可可植物茎,其可降低黑荚果病和荚果霜霉病(frosty pod)。当施用到基茎根(basal stemroot)时,例如油椰子的基茎根,其可增加抗病性。其还用于培养叶类作物(例如茶)和种子或谷类作物(例如水稻、小麦或谷类)。
在任何特定情况中施用的组合物或制剂的量将取决于多种因素,例如作物性质和需要钙的水平。通常若组合物或制剂呈溶液剂形式,则施用的溶液剂的量足以提供喷雾溶液浓度至2ml/lt到20ml/lt之间的径流量。在具体实施方案中,本发明提供本发明组合物或制剂作为肥料以每公顷1-30升的比率施用给农作物的用途,优选每公顷1-10升。
可单用组合物和制剂(在这种情况下,其可适用于有机生长物),或与其它农用化学品例如杀真菌剂、杀虫剂或杀螨剂联合使用。
本发明另外方面提供提高植物摄取钙的方法,该方法包括将包含以下物质的组合物施用给植物或其环境:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
本发明另外方面提供通过防止局部区域缺钙来增加细胞完整性的方法,该方法包括将包含以下物质的组合物施用给植物或其环境:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
本发明另外方面提供用于减少与缺钙有关的生理学疾病的方法,该方法包括将包含以下物质的组合物施用给植物或其环境:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
本发明另外方面提供通过提高植物收获部分的钙吸收来改进收获的农作物的储藏期限的方法,该方法包括将包含以下物质的组合物施用给植物或其环境:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
本发明另外方面提供预防或减轻发生在缺钙的局部区域的植物疾病或感染的方法,该方法包括将包含以下物质的组合物施用给植物或其环境:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
本发明另外方面提供在罕见的热或冷条件期间改进钙摄取和/或生长习性的方法,该方法包括将包含以下物质的组合物施用给植物或其环境:(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,其为芳基取代的脲。
本发明另外方面提供将本发明组合物或制剂作为施用给农作物的肥料的用途。
本发明现在将特别通过以下非限制性实例来阐述。
实施例1
如下所述制备以下组合物:
分析:Ca 5%w/w,50ppm二苯脲
原料(混合次序) | 说明 | %w/w配方 |
H2O | 56.400 | |
柠檬酸 | 00.100 | |
海藻提取物 | 00.500 | |
0.2%w/w DPU的乙醇溶液 | 溶于乙醇中的0.2%w/w N,N二苯脲,相当于50ppm(0.005%w/w)DPU。 | 02.500 |
氯化钙 | 13%Ca | 40.000 |
糖蜜 | 甜菜糖蜜 | 00.500 |
通过将水加入到容器中,确保水温至少20℃来制备组合物。然后用搅拌器搅拌以达到合理的涡流(大约100-200rpm),再加入柠檬酸,混合直至其溶解。此后,将海藻提取物加入到容器中,再继续混合直至其已溶解。此后,将二苯脲(DPU)乙醇溶液加入容器中,混合10分钟直至其溶解。接下来将氯化钙溶液加入到容器中,混合直至其溶解,最后将甜菜糖蜜加入到容器中,在包装前将溶液混合30分钟。
实施例2
用与实施例1所述相似的方法,制备以下组合物:
分析:Ca 5%w/w,250ppm二苯脲
原料(混合次序) | 说明 | %w/w配方 |
H2O | 53.900 | |
柠檬酸 | 00.100 | |
海藻提取物 | 00.500 | |
0.5%w/w DPU的乙醇溶液 | 溶于乙醇的0.5%w/w N,N二苯脲,相当于250ppm(0.025%w/w)DPU。 | 05.000 |
氯化钙 | 13%Ca | 40.000 |
糖蜜 | 甜菜糖蜜 | 00.500 |
实施例3
用与实施例1所述相似的方法,制备以下组合物:
分析:Ca 5%w/w,2000ppm二苯脲
原料(混合次序) | 说明 | %w/w配方 |
H2O | 18.900 | |
柠檬酸 | 00.100 | |
海藻提取物 | 00.500 | |
0.5%w/w DPU的乙醇溶液 | 溶于乙醇的0.5%w/w N,N二苯脲,相当于2000ppm(0.2%w/w)DPU。 | 40.000 |
氯化钙 | 13%Ca | 40.000 |
糖蜜 | 甜菜糖蜜 | 00.500 |
实施例4
用与实施例1所述相似的方法,制备以下组合物:
分析:Ca 9%,100ppm二苯脲
原料(混合次序) | 说明 | %w/w配方 |
H2O | 37.400 | |
柠檬酸 | 00.100 | |
海藻提取物 | 00.500 | |
0.4%w/wDPU/异丙醇 | 0.4%w/w的二苯脲,溶于异丙醇中 | 2.500 |
硝酸钙 | 15.5%N,19%Ca未涂层的颗粒,工业级 | 59.000 |
糖蜜 | 甜菜糖蜜 | 0.500 |
实施例5
用与实施例1所述相似的方法,制备以下组合物:
分析:Ca 7%,100ppm二苯脲
原料(混合次序) | 说明 | %w/w配方 |
H2O | 48.400 | |
柠檬酸 | 00.100 | |
海藻提取物 | 00.500 | |
0.4%w/wDPU/异丙醇 | 0.4%w/w二苯脲,溶于异丙醇 | 2.500 |
硝酸钙 | 15.5%N,19%Ca未涂层的颗粒,工业级 | 37.500 |
糖蜜 | 甜菜糖蜜 | 0.500 |
实施例6
用与实施例1所述相似的方法,制备以下组合物:
分析:Ca5%,Zn 1%,0.5%Fe 100ppm二苯脲
原料(混合次序) | 说明 | %w/w配方 |
H2O | 60.750 | |
柠檬酸 | 00.100 | |
海藻提取物 | 00.500 | |
0.4%w/wDPU/异丙醇 | 0.4%w/w二苯脲,溶于异丙醇 | 02.500 |
硝酸钙 | 15.5%N,19%Ca未涂层的颗粒,工业级 | 26.850 |
在加入ZnNO3之前确保CaNO3完全溶解 | ||
硝酸锌 | 21.8%Zn | 05.000 |
在加入甜菜糖蜜之前确保ZnNO3完全溶解。 | ||
硝酸铁 | 13.5%Fe | 03.800 |
糖蜜 | 甜菜糖蜜 | 00.500 |
业已实施以下研究以测定本发明对植物生长、健康和产量的影响。
研究1
低温研究
方法
提出本试验以评价施用基于本发明的制剂对农作物在低温期间的生长造成的差别(如果有的话)。
使用两种制剂:制剂1(本发明)和未掺入DPU的相同的制剂(对照)。制剂如下所示:
制剂1(本发明)
材料 | %w/w |
水 | 65.05% |
柠檬酸 | 00.10% |
0.4%DPU/乙醇 | 02.50% |
硝酸钙 | 26.85% |
硝酸锌六水合物 | 05.00% |
糖蜜 | 00.50% |
制剂2(对照)
材料 | %w/w |
水 | 67.55% |
柠檬酸 | 00.10% |
硝酸钙 | 26.85% |
硝酸锌六水合物 | 05.00% |
糖蜜 | 00.50% |
在约旦的一个农场里将每种制剂施予给在隧道型温室(poly-tunnel)中生长的受到保护的草莓植物。施用为给叶喷雾(1ml/L喷雾溶液,喷雾径流)。在不良天气条件下(异常冷)研究该植物,评价植物以观察这些制剂对植物生长造成的差异(如果有任何差异)。每种制剂的2次施用相隔3周。白天温度为8-12℃,晚上温度为-2-6℃(7个晚上温度低于0摄氏度)。
结果
在第二次施用制剂后一个月测量。
制剂1:(本发明) | 制剂2:对照 | |
每株植物的茎数目 | 24 | 19 |
植物冠的直径 | 18 | 12 |
颜色评分* | 4(平均) | 1(平均) |
叶大小(制剂1相对于对照) | +15% | |
叶厚(制剂1相对于对照) | +10% |
*颜色评分:0=100%绿,5=20%绿/50%红,10=100%红
结论
在冷逆境(cold stress)期间施用本发明制剂给草莓植物生长造成清晰明显的差别。施用对照制剂不能预防冷逆境对草莓植物造成的危害,例如叶缘坏死、花败育和发育果实褐变。在冷逆境条件下颜色形成更加缓慢。解除冷逆境可改善这种情况。本发明制剂明显改进了颜色形成。
研究2
莴苣试验
本试验目的为测定以预定时间间隔施用本发明对莴苣(Lactucasativa sp)植物发育的影响,还评价施用后植物的健康状态,并比较对照样地和处理样地的产量。
方法
在西班牙进行该试验。在其中进行试验的样地面积大约为户外40,000m2。土壤具有极松软的沙样质地。将试验样地分为4部分。作为一般处理,对整个样地施用常规肥料和杀虫剂产品。将样地分为两个各为20,000m2的子样地,称为样地1和样地2。样地1包含:PL1(用实施例1的制剂处理)-10,000m2和对照1-10,000m2。同样地,样地2包含:PL2(用实施例1的制剂处理)-10,000m和对照2-10,000m。
进行以下施用:
-PL1:实施例1的制剂(1lt/Ha)+一般处理
-对照1:一般处理
-PL2:实施例1的制剂(1l/Ha)+一般处理
-对照2:一般处理
大约每隔2周以1L/Ha的剂量比率实施3次叶面施肥。
一般处理如下:
磷酸 1lt/Ha
硝酸钾 1lt/Ha
硝酸 12lt/Ha
硝酸钙 13-14kg/Ha
存于溶液中的钾 10lt/Ha
杀真菌剂 常规用于莴苣
杀虫剂 常规用于莴苣
在第40周移植莴苣植物。所用莴苣品种为卷心莴苣(Iceberg)。
结果
得到如下结果:
A)植物发育
测量各莴苣的直径。这一数据提供从移植日到测量日有关植物发育的信息。移植后:在移植后大约2、4、6和7周进行5次测量,计算平均直径。
与对照1和对照2区测量结果比较时,PL1和PL2区的生长更多。
就从样地1得到的平均直径而言,植物发育以cm计有6%的差异。PL1区高于对照1区。
就从样地2得到的平均直径而言,植物发育以cm计有11%的差异。PL2区高于对照2区。
B)收获
12月份收获。样地1在第51周收获,样地2在第52周收获。测量收获的莴苣植物的重量,计算平均重量。
从样地1得到的平均重量以gr计有10%的重量差异。PL1区高于对照1区。
从样地2得到的平均重量以gr计有5%的重量差异。PL2区高于对照2区。
C)抗病性
试验样地有少量叶焦病(tip burn)发作。叶焦病本身表现为最嫩的叶子叶尖干枯,其因钙不能很好移动到受影响的组织而引起。环境因素例如高温和低相对湿度和农业因素例如盐分(土壤、水、过剩氮和钾缺乏等等)、贫钙土壤和水分限制都是造成叶焦病的直接原因。叶焦病叶子具有讨厌的外观,被损坏的叶边缘较弱,易于腐烂。试验区域的水的盐分很高。在试验期间样地1的犁垄土和植物因一场大暴雨被刮倒。
在最初的叶焦病的发生被发现后计算样地1和样地2中受叶焦病影响的莴苣植物的百分数。
样地1:
PL1:随机计数植物后子样地有10%叶焦病
对照1:随机计数植物后子样地有15%叶焦病
样地2:
PL2:随机计数植物后子样地有10%叶焦病
对照2:随机计数植物后子样地有10%叶焦病
D)收获后保存
栽培的重要方面是产品的保存时间长度,本文卷心莴苣可保持运送到消费者。为了评定这方面,从各样地和子样地随机采取样品;这些样品为预先包装的莴苣菜心,在出售前保存在冷藏库。从收获日到评价它们的第8周期间样品在5-12℃变化的环境温度贮存,其间很多菜心由于叶片腐烂而不能用。
在第8周测定来自样地1和样地2的情况良好的莴苣菜心的百分比。
样地1:在第51周收获,9周后评价
PL1:子样地的80%莴苣菜心情况良好。该百分比中有40%适合消费,剩下的正在腐烂。
对照1:子样地的40%莴苣菜心情况良好。剩下的百分比中的某些正在腐烂。
样地2:在第52周收获,8周后进行评价。
PL2:子样地的20%莴苣菜心情况良好。剩下的百分比中的某些正在腐烂。
对照2:子样地的0%莴苣菜心情况良好。
结论
A)植物发育
在按照本发明处理的植物中观察到的植物生长的增长很显著。其使得割莴苣的日期(即收获)提前。
B)收获
在按照本发明处理的植物中观察到的产量的增长很显著。
C)抗病性
按照本发明处理的样地1中的植物对疾病叶焦病具有较大的抵抗力。
D)收获后保存
样地1:割下后9周40%的PL1的莴苣菜心情况良好,高于对照1。
样地2:割下后8周20%的PL2的莴苣菜心情况良好,高于对照2。
在子样地PL1中,与对照子样地比较,可食用的莴苣菜心多40%。
在按照本发明处理的植物中观察到的储藏期限的改进很显著。
研究3
苹果苦陷病试验
本试验的目的是测定本发明对苹果苦陷病的影响。苦陷病是在苹果中发现的一种疾病,其导致经济损失。苦陷病由缺钙引起,可通过施用钙肥减轻。然而,因为果实吸收钙很差,其需要以高水平成倍增加施用以减轻苦陷病。
本试验比较本发明制剂与相似的不含DPU制剂在减轻缺钙(苦陷病)方面的效能。
方法
设计:Var Orin 2-3m 2树x3
在开花后14天喷洒(果实3-7mm)
喷洒600x溶液,3000L/ha(5L/ha)
结果
本发明处理 | 对照 | |||||
A | B | C | A | B | C | |
果实总量 | 49 | 69 | 60 | 53 | 72 | 63 |
无苦陷病(10月25日) | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 13 | 14 |
苦陷病的数量(11月11日) | 2 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 17 | 16 |
平均 | 7.9 | 17.0 |
本发明处理为5%钙加DPU(实施例1的制剂)
对照为5%钙无DPU
结论
本发明制剂比不含DPU的相似制剂更大程度地减轻了苦陷病这种由缺钙引起的疾病。
这证明本发明改进苹果植物的钙摄取,并帮助改进抗病性。
本发明制剂以使用其它常规钙肥通常观察到的水平的2倍水平,减少苹果苦陷病,尽管本发明制剂仅施用一次(标准实践为施用20次),并含较低的钙含量(大部分产品具>7%的Ca)。
研究4
黄瓜试验
在西班牙的安达卢西亚(Andalusia)进行试验,以测定本发明施用对生长在塑料温室中的黄瓜(Cucumis sativa)的生长和产量的作用。将本发明制剂产物和参比(对照)肥料加入滴灌系统(也称为加肥灌溉的系统),以5L调配制品/ha的比率每7天施用一次。也测试单用参比肥料和仅用水的对照。
在收获开始和结束时评价植物毒性和真菌病,在每一收获日定量评价产量(果实的数量和重量)。
方法
按照当地农业实践在温室栽培黄瓜植株(Cucumis sativa)-‘Edona’品种。以每公顷25,000植株的相同的标准植物密度在试验点种植该作物。按照实施例1制备本发明制剂。在该季节用3种参比肥料。这些肥料为硝酸铵(33%N)、硝酸钙(15.5%N,28%Ca)和硝酸钾(13%N,46%K)。
试验设计为随机完全区组,每种处理作3个重复。每4.8m2样地由两行组成,2.4m长,相隔2.0m。在每一样地种植12株黄瓜植株。样地和地边之间的距离至少3m。
在滴灌系统(‘加肥灌溉’)中每7天施用一次参比肥料。发射器间隔为20cm,每一发射器流速为每小时1L。在参比肥料方案中整个生长季节施用的总氮量为300kg N/ha。以参比肥料形式每周(种植后2周开始)施用的氮的分布概述如下。
施用周 | %总N | KgN/ha | 参比肥料 |
1 | 5 | 15 | 硝酸钙 |
2 | 5 | 15 | 硝酸钙 |
3 | 10 | 30 | 硝酸铵 |
4 | 10 | 30 | 硝酸钾 |
5 | 15 | 45 | 硝酸铵 |
6 | 15 | 45 | 硝酸钾 |
7 | 10 | 30 | 硝酸钙 |
8 | 10 | 30 | 硝酸钾 |
9 | 10 | 30 | 硝酸铵 |
10 | 5 | 15 | 硝酸钾 |
11 | 5 | 15 | 硝酸钾 |
包括处理的试验概述如下。
处理 | 处理说明 | 比率调配制品/ha |
1 | 本发明制剂加参比肥料 | 5L/ha |
2 | 参比肥料 | 标准标签比率 |
3 | 未处理-仅用水 | - |
处理1试验品在11个施用日中的每一日都与参比肥料一起施周。测量用于每一样地的调配制品的量,以1L水稀释,然后用发射器系统仔细沿灌溉线施用。
在收获开始和结束时定量评价植物毒性和真菌病。用等级评分来对蔬菜和叶片的植物毒性进行评价,从0=无损伤到10=极端损伤(植物死亡)。在每一收获日定量评价总产量(果实的数量和重量)。在种植后的第7周和第11周之间连续收获11次。
结果
B)产量
在每一次收获时,本发明制剂处理的样地中的黄瓜果实的产量在果实重量和数量两方面都始终高于仅用水处理的产量。得到的总产量如下所示。
处理 | 产量(kg) | 产量(果实数量) | |
1 | 本发明制剂加对照肥料 | 59.96 | 203 |
2 | 对照肥料 | 58.19 | 191 |
3 | 仅用水处理 | 45.35 | 151 |
将本发明制剂加入标准参比肥料方案与单用参比肥料比较导致产量增加。这种在果实数量和重量两方面的增加在最早收获时和最晚收获时都很显著。
结论
将本发明制剂加入标准参比肥料方案与单用参比肥料比较导致产量增加。这种在果实数量和重量两方面的增加在最早收获时和最晚收获时都很显著。
作为用任一肥料产品处理的结果,未观察到植物毒性也未观察到对真菌病易感性增加。
Claims (21)
1.一种农用组合物,其包含(i)水溶性钙盐和(ii)植物生长素模拟物,该植物生长素模拟物为芳基取代的脲,其中所述水溶性钙盐以占所述组合物的2-15%w/w的量存在于组合物中,所述植物生长素模拟物以20-2000ppm的浓度存在于组合物中。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述水溶性钙盐为硝酸盐、硫酸盐或氯化物。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述水溶性钙盐以4-6%w/w的量存在于所述组合物中。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述植物生长素模拟物为不对称或对称取代的二苯脲或其衍生物,其中所述植物生长素模拟物的一个或二个苯基任选被取代。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中所述植物生长素模拟物为二苯脲(DPU)、2-硝基DPU(NDPU)、单-甲基DPU或二-甲基DPU以及单-乙基DPU或二-乙基DPU。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中所述植物生长素模拟物为二苯脲(DPU)。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述植物生长素模拟物以20-200ppm范围的浓度存在。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述植物生长素模拟物的来源是海藻提取物。
9.权利要求1的组合物,其进一步包含一种或多种以下农业上可接受的成分:水、另外的营养物质、弱酸、植物油、精油、代谢刺激剂、载体或赋形剂、乳化剂、稠化剂、助悬剂、分散剂或湿润剂。
10.权利要求9的组合物,其包含营养物质,其中所述营养物质为锌。
11.权利要求9或10的组合物,其还包含选自乙酸、柠檬酸、腐植酸、黄腐酸或丙酸的弱酸。
12.权利要求9、10或11的组合物,其还包含稠化剂甜菜糖蜜。
13.一种施用给植物或所述植物环境的制剂,所述制剂包含权利要求1的组合物和所述组合物可分散或溶解于其中的介质。
14.一种为植物供给钙的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
15.一种提高植物钙摄取的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
16.一种通过防止局部区域缺钙来增加细胞完整性的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
17.一种减轻与缺钙有关的生理学疾病的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
18.一种通过提高植物收获部分的钙吸收来改进收获的农作物的储藏期限的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
19.一种预防或减轻发生在局部缺钙区域的植物疾病或感染的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
20.一种在罕见的热或冷条件期间改进生长习性的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂施用给所述植物或其环境。
21.权利要求1的组合物或权利要求13的制剂作为肥料施用给农作物的用途。
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WO2006134361A3 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
PT1899283T (pt) | 2017-10-25 |
EP1899283A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
US20080307845A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
BRPI0612250B1 (pt) | 2017-11-21 |
NZ564742A (en) | 2011-01-28 |
EA200800074A1 (ru) | 2008-06-30 |
MA29614B1 (fr) | 2008-07-01 |
HUE037999T2 (hu) | 2018-10-29 |
PL1899283T3 (pl) | 2018-05-30 |
EP1899283B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
ZA200711089B (en) | 2008-10-29 |
CA2612077C (en) | 2014-01-07 |
GB0512336D0 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
AU2006258862B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
MX2007015674A (es) | 2008-02-20 |
CR9620A (es) | 2008-04-10 |
US7740680B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
EA014351B1 (ru) | 2010-10-29 |
CA2612077A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
CN101243026A (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
BRPI0612250A2 (pt) | 2011-05-17 |
ECSP088109A (es) | 2008-04-28 |
ES2653530T3 (es) | 2018-02-07 |
WO2006134361A2 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
JP2008543714A (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
AU2006258862A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
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